CN1366457A - 模块化的髋部假肢 - Google Patents

模块化的髋部假肢 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1366457A
CN1366457A CN01800924A CN01800924A CN1366457A CN 1366457 A CN1366457 A CN 1366457A CN 01800924 A CN01800924 A CN 01800924A CN 01800924 A CN01800924 A CN 01800924A CN 1366457 A CN1366457 A CN 1366457A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
hip prosthesis
modular hip
nearly
far away
metaphyseal segment
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Granted
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CN01800924A
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CN1203819C (zh
Inventor
乔斯·费尔南德斯
迈克尔·莫尔丁
加里·J·米勒
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MICROTECHNIC
Exactech Inc
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MICROTECHNIC
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Abstract

一种模块化的髋部假肢(10),其包括:(a)近身段(12),其包括能与股骨头部件锁定啮合的颈状物(20)和凸锥形部分(25);(b)远身段(16),其具有近身端(16a)和远身端(16b),远身段(16)进一步设有靠近其近身端(16a)的凸锥形部分(43);以及(c)干骺段(14),其具有近身端(14a)和远身端(14b),干骺段(14)优选包括一骨接合外表面部分,且还包括一穿过其中的轴向孔(27),轴向孔(27)包括分别与其近身端(14a)和远身端(14b)相邻的第一凹锥形部分(27a)和第二凹锥形部分(27b)。干骺段(14)的第一凹锥形部分(27a)在尺寸方面制成能锁定啮合近身段的凸锥形部分。干骺段的第二凹锥形部分在尺寸方面制成能锁定啮合远身段(16)的凸锥形部分(43)。任选地,在尺寸方面制成能穿过近身段(12)、干骺段(14)和远身段(16)中的对齐孔(27)的螺钉(18)以螺纹方式与远身段(16)的近身段(16a)中形成的螺纹孔(42)啮合。

Description

模块化的髋部假肢
发明背景与概述
本发明涉及整髋部关节成形术领域，具体涉及三节的模块化髋部杆，所述髋部杆能够允许构成部件之间进行全尺寸互换，也能提供使用过程中对部件脱离的较高阻力。
整髋部关节成形术设计中的模块性是一展开概念，该概念接受了临床文献中改进的引证。这些***的优点包括不需定做就可针对客户需求设计近身和远身管道填充的灵活性，以及能适应近身残疾和骨损失的不利条件。然而这些设计产生了以下顾虑：由于应力和内部部件的脱离而导致金属-金属内部连接上的结构损害。
为致力于解决以上顾虑，概括起来说，本发明提供了一种模块化的髋部假肢，其包括以下部件：(a)近身段，其具有穿过其中的轴向孔，近身段包括可与股骨头部件锁定啮合的颈状物，其还包括向所述颈状物远处延伸的凸锥形部分；(b)远身段，其具有近身端和远身端，远身段进一步设有靠近其近身端的凸锥形部分；以及(c)干骺段，其具有近身端和远身端，干骺段包括与外表面部分啮合的骨，并进一步包括穿过其中的轴向孔，轴向孔包括第一和第二凹锥形部分，第一凹锥形部分位于靠近干骺段的近身端的位置，在尺寸方面第一凹锥形部分制成能与近身段的凸锥形部分锁定啮合，第二凹锥形部分位于靠近干骺段的远身端的位置，其在尺寸方面其构造得能与远身段的凸锥形部分锁定啮合。
对应近身段、干骺段和远身段的凸和凹锥形部分每个都包括融入普通抛物线形部分的圆锥部分。每个锥形部分的融合的圆锥形/抛物线锥形几何体保证了足够的锥形接触面积，并减少了凸/凹锥形接点弯曲负载下的界面接触应力和内应力。每个圆锥形部件的圆锥连接角范围从约1°到约2.5°，以便在锥形接点处提供增强了的扭转阻力。近身段可与干骺段的近身端锁定啮合，以便使穿过近身段和干骺段形成的轴向孔对齐。远身段的近身端可与干骺段的远身端锁定啮合，以便使穿过远身段和干骺段形成的轴向孔对齐。
可任选的是，近身段设有一通孔，远身段设有一个靠近其近身端的螺纹孔。这些孔可与干骺段的轴向孔对齐。如果需要的话，在尺寸上构造得能穿过这些对齐的孔的螺钉与远身段中形成的螺纹孔以螺纹方式啮合，以便进一步增强假肢部件的锁定啮合。
本发明提供了以下优点：(a)通过提高锥形接触面积和减少由于锥形接点处的弯曲和扭转载荷引起的接触应力而获得了对部件分离的较高阻力；(b)通过使其模块化实现进行外科手术时的灵活性；(c)任意段与其它任意段的完全互换性；(d)每段独立于其它段的位置进行前倾和后倾的可调整性，由此可以为左侧和右侧髋部应用作通用结构；(e)腿长度的独立选择和假肢的补偿；(f)利用同一***进行主要和修正应用；(g)即使在面临可能留下骨缺损的修复外科手术的情况下，也能允许外科医生针对病人的身体改装装置；以及(h)可利用各种式样和尺寸的股骨头部件。
结合到说明书中并作为说明书组成部分的附图描述了本发明的详细内容和优选实施例，其连同详细说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。然而可以理解的是，附图和说明都仅仅是对本发明的解释，而不是对本发明的限制。
附图的简要说明
图1是本发明的模块化髋部假肢的一个实施例的分解透视图。
图2是本发明近身部件的一个实施例的截面侧视图。
图3是本发明干骺端部件的截面侧视图。
图4是沿图3的剖面线A-A剖开的本发明干骺端部件一个实施例的横截面视图。
图5是本发明远身部件的一个实施例的截面侧视图。
图6是沿图5的剖面线B-B剖开的本发明远身部件一个实施例的横截面视图。
图7是本发明模块化髋部假肢的一个实施例的啮合在一起的近身部件、干骺部件和远身部件的截面侧视图。
图8是图7中近身部件、干骺部件和远身部件的截面侧视图，其表示部件的示意性锥体和融合尺寸。
本发明的详细描述
现在参照附图1-8，在各图中用类似的附图标记标识类似部件，通常将本发明的模块化髋部假肢的第一实施例表示为10。如图1所示，髋部假肢10通常包括：(a)近身段12；(b)干骺段14；和(d)远身段16。如下面所述，可任选利用带螺纹的螺钉18加强段12、14和16的锁定啮合。正如此处所体现的，近身段12、干骺段14和远身段16每个都构造成分离的部件。结果，每段尺寸都彼此独立。这样独立的尺寸性能赋予了假肢模块性-即，它为外科医生提供了对假肢结构的宽范围选择，以便有效地满足在手术过程中遇到的各种解剖学状况。有利的是，可利用公知的骨质植入技术植入本发明的模块化假肢10，或可以选择的是，也可以利用本领域技术人员公知的骨接合面敷贴剂以未胶结模式将其植入。
现在参照图2，近身段12包括设有以下部件的颈状物20：(a)端头有凸锥形圆柱22的角偏移臂21；(b)延伸部件24，它向颈状物20的远侧延伸，并设有凸锥形部分25，端头有圆柱接头26；以及(c)通过颈状物20、延伸部件24和接头26的分段的孔27。优选的是，由生物相容的高强度钛合金构造近身段12。然而，也可由诸如钴铬合金、不锈钢和复合材料的其它生物相容材料构造近身段12。优选的是，要抛光近身段12的外表面涂层，利用表面光洁度测量法测量时，其平均表面粗糙度为32微英寸或更低。外表面也可以是平滑的冰铜(matte)或利用本领域公知的表面处理技术对其进行机加工。
在尺寸方面将近身段12的锥形圆柱22制成能与股骨头部件(未示出)的互补凹锥形部分锁定啮合。本领域的一个技术人员能容易地认识到，可将近身段12构造成能接纳所有式样和材料的股骨头部件。在近身段12每一侧的臂21和圆柱22上形成底切23，以增大颈状物20与整个髋关节替换***的髋臼部件(未示出)之间的运动范围，并在修理或修复髋部假肢10的过程中当必需从近身段12拆出股骨头时，可有助于股骨头拆卸工具的接合。
正如优选体现出的，延伸部件24的锥形部分25包括凸圆锥形部分25a，该部分25a融入普通抛物线形的凸锥形部分25b，其转接半径R2约为0.25英寸(见图2和8)。锥形部件25b的抛物线几何形状降低了在锥形部件25与互补的干骺段14(下面描述)凹锥形部件33之间的弯曲负荷情况下界面接触应力和内应力。正如优选体现的，圆锥形部件25a的圆锥连接角范围从约1°到约2.5°，以便在近身/干骺端锥形接点处提供加强的扭矩阻力。在本发明图8所示的说明性实施例中，圆锥形部分25a的长度约为0.43英寸，抛物线形锥体部分25b的长度约为0.09英寸。对于这些说明性的锥体长度，抛物线形锥体长度对圆锥体长度的比约为21％。正如优选体现的，抛物线形锥体长度/圆锥体长度的比范围应当从约5％到约30％。该范围确保了足够的锥体接触面积，并最大限度地减少了抛物线形锥形部分25b上的锐角转角的出现，当假肢受到弯曲应力时，所述锐角转角会导致近身/干骺端锥体连接处很高的点接触应力。正如优选体现的，圆锥部件25a的转接半径R1约为0.09英寸(见图8)。互补的凹锥形部分33的圆锥形部分33a的转接半径R3约为0.05英寸。这些有差别的半径使得在间隙G(见图7)附近近身/干骺端锥体接点处的应力状态降低，所述间隙G是在远身段和干骺段接合时产生的。有利的是，锥形部分25和33的相同几何形状和半径可用于所有尺寸的近身段12和干骺段14，由此提高了近身和干骺段之间尺寸的互换性和模块性。
正如优选体现的，接头26的长度约为0.18英寸，于是提高了延伸部件24(见图2和8)的力臂，由此有助于卸载假肢中近身/干骺段锥体接合处产生的弯曲应力。与上面所述的锥形几何形状和转接半径一样，相同长度的接头26可用于所有尺寸的近身段12。在尺寸方面将接头26制成小于干骺段14(下面描述)中通孔32的部分32a、32b和32c的直径，由此，当随着假肢部件的装配(图7和下面所述)而将近身段12的突起部件24滑动地容纳在通孔32中时，接头26不会一开始就与孔32的侧壁32啮合。随着向假肢的股骨头(未示出)施加足够负载，接头26将与孔32的中间孔区段32b的侧壁接触，并由此，从近身/干骺段的锥形接点处转移一部分诱导弯曲应力。
再次参照图2，近身段12的分段孔27包括第一直线部分27a、锥形中间部分27b和第二直线部分27c。正如优选体现的，部分27b大约以60°的角度向部分27c渐渐变细。孔部分27a、27b和27c在尺寸方面制成能使螺钉18通过近身段12。孔部分27a也作为螺钉18头的埋头孔，该埋头孔的尺寸应当足够大，以便能充裕地容纳诸如螺丝刀或钻头的机械装拆器，当将螺钉18用作部分假肢10构件时，这些装拆器可通过螺纹方式将螺钉18与远身段16(下面将更全面的讨论)中形成的螺纹孔42啮合在一起。
现在参照图3，干骺段14具有近身端14和远身端14b，其设有与圆锥形部分31一体形成的梯形平截头锥体部分30。如图4所示，该剖面以横截面形式将其自身表现为从普通圆形部分35偏移的普通梯形部分36。可以选择的是，可将锥体部分30构造得使干骺段14具有从普通圆形部分35偏移的普通长方形横截面。干骺段14优选由生物相容的高强度钛合金构成，也可以由诸如钴铬合金、不锈钢和复合材料的其它生物相容材料构成。
干骺段14还包括一孔32，该孔包括近身孔部分32a、中间孔部分32b和远身孔部分32c。参照图3和8，孔部分32a设有凹锥形部分33，该凹锥形部分33包括融入普通抛物线锥形部分33b的圆锥形部分33a。凹锥形部分33a和33b分别与圆柱形部分24的凸锥形部分25a和25b互补。正如此处所体现的，圆锥形部分33a的圆锥连接角范围为从约1°到2.5°，长约为0.50英寸，倒圆半径R3(参照上面)约为0.05英寸。抛物线锥形部分33b的长约为0.09英寸，倒圆半径R4约为0.25英寸(见图8)。对于前述说明性锥体长度，抛物线锥体长度对圆锥体长度的比约为18％。在尺寸方面将锥形部分33a和33b制成能在圆柱部分24***孔32中时分别锁定啮合锥形部分25a和25b。象圆柱部分24的锥形部分25a和25b一样，锥形部分33a与33b的抛物线锥体/圆锥体长度比的范围应当从约5％到约30％，以保证减小近身/干骺段锥体接合区域中的接触应力和内应力。此外，正如上面相对于近身段12所讨论的，锥形部分33a和33b的相同锥形几何形状和倒圆半径可用于所有尺寸的干骺段14，以增强近身和干骺部件的互换性，由此可增强假肢10的模块化。
再次参照图3和8，干骺孔32的孔区段32c设有锥形部分34，该锥形部分34包括圆锥形部分34a和普通抛物线形的锥形部分34b。在尺寸方面，将锥形部分34a和34b作得能在将远身段16的近身端16a***干骺段14(正如下面将全面描述的)时分别锁定啮合远身段16的对应凸锥形部分43a和43b。正如此处所体现的，圆锥形部分34a长约为0.51英寸，圆锥连接角范围约从1°到2.5°，倒圆半径R5约为0.50英寸。抛物线锥形部分34b的长度约为0.09英寸，倒圆半径R6约为0.25英寸(见图8)。对于前述说明性的锥体长度，抛物线形锥体长度对圆锥体长度的比约为18％。与上面所讨论的假肢10的其它锥形部分一样，抛物线形锥体/圆锥体的长度比范围应当从约5％到约30％，以保证足够大的锥体接触面积并将近身/干骺锥体接合处很高的点接触应力降低到最小。此外，与上面所述的其它锥形部分一样，锥形部分34a和34b的相同的锥体几何形状和倒圆半径可用于所有尺寸的干骺段14，以增强部件的互换性，由此增强假肢10的模块化。
在身体中的使用过程中，干骺段14的几何形状提高了部件的扭转稳定性，并提供了对近身骨髓内管道的较好满足。可抛光干骺段14的外表面涂层，通过表面光度法测量其平均表面粗糙度约为32微英寸或更少。外表面涂层也可以是平滑的冰铜或利用本领域公知的表面处理技术对其进行机械加工。正如优选体现的，干骺段14的外表面包括骨接合表面涂层或其它生物活性的涂层，这些骨接合涂层例如粗砂磨砂表面、离子溅射涂层、烧结的金属珠(bead)涂层、羟磷灰石涂层，生物活性涂层例如生物玻璃陶瓷、除盐骨和载体、以及生长因子和载体。将这些涂层涂到金属植入表面上是本领域众所周知的。任选地，干骺段14可设有远端圈37。远端圈37是凸起的材料区域，其厚度等于往干骺段的外表面涂敷的骨接合涂层的最小厚度。远端圈37增加了干骺段14圆锥部分31的壁厚。于是，由于其局部壁厚增加且保护其不会因多孔涂层工艺而产生刻痕，远端圈37将会增强圆锥部分31的疲劳强度。正如优选所体现的，远端圈37应当用于较小尺寸的干骺段14中，其中与远端14b相邻的圆锥部分31的侧壁相对较薄。本领域有经验的技术人员能容易确定对具体尺寸的干骺段14而言必需使用远端圈37的锥形部分31上的局部应力水平。
现在参照图5，远身段16设有近身端16a、远身端16b，远身段16包括多个沿其外表面的增量长度方向形成的削尖的纵向槽40。槽40的尖缘40钻进骨髓管的皮层骨壁中以提高假肢在身体内使用过程中远身段16的扭转稳定性。远身段16也可任意地设有冠状狭槽41，该狭槽始于远身端16b，它向近身侧行进以增加它的长度。冠状狭槽41提高了远身段16的灵活性。当假肢被装上时，该灵活性的提高抑制了远身端16b处的应力集中，并使假肢能较好地适应骨髓内管道的曲率。本领域的那些技术人员将意识到，能根据整个假肢的设计方案容易地随意调整纵向槽40的长度，以便有助于阻止扭转载荷作用在假肢上。在附图所示的远身段16的说明性实施例中，纵向槽40的长度约为远身段16总长的80％。有利的是，相同的槽长对远身段长度比可用于所有尺寸的远身段16。本领域的技术人员也能认识到，能容易地调整冠状狭槽41的长度，以便提供远身段16中所希望的灵活度，而无需过度地危及向远身段的疲劳强度。
正如优选体现的，远身端16b具有普通的抛物线形轴向截面，其也用于减少远身段16与远身端邻近处的骨之间的接触应力。如图6所示，远身段16具有普通的圆形横截面，但也可设有其它截面几何形状，例如六边形或椭圆形。任选地，远身段16可设有纵向通道以代替尖锐的纵向槽，以便有助于提高杆的灵活性和骨髓内管道中的皮层骨的啮合。尽管图中所示的远身段16具有直线形轮廓，它也可以是曲线形，以便更好地与病人骨髓内管道的天然曲率相匹配。远身段16优选由生物相容的高强度钛合金构成，但也可以由其它生物相容材料制成，这些材料例如钴铬合金、不锈钢和复合材料等。此外，远身段16优选设有抛光的外表面涂层，通过表面光度法测量该外表面的平均粗糙度为32微英寸或更少。远身段也可设有平滑的冰铜或利用本领域公知的表面处理技术对外表面涂层进行机械加工。为了有助于将远身段16固定到骨髓内管道的皮层骨侧壁上，如果需要，远身段16也可以不设置纵向槽，代而设置多孔骨接合表面涂层或其它生物活性涂层，所述多孔骨接合表面涂层例如粗砂磨砂表面、离子溅射涂层、烧结金属珠涂层、羟磷灰石涂层，生物活性涂层例如生物玻璃陶瓷、除盐骨和载体、以及生长因子和载体。
参照图5和8，远身段16也设有与其近身端16a相邻的螺纹孔42。孔42在尺寸方面制成能在螺钉18***近身段12、干骺段14和远身段16(见下面的讨论)的对齐孔时以螺纹连接方式与螺钉18啮合。远身段16也设有与近身端16a相邻的凸锥形部分43。锥形区段43包括圆锥体部分43a和普通抛物线形的锥形部分43b。凸锥形部分43a和43b在尺寸方面制成能在远身段16的远身端16a***干骺段14的孔32时分别与干骺段14的对应凹锥形部分34a和34b锁定啮合。正如此处所体现的，圆锥体部分43a的长度约为0.48英寸，圆锥连接角范围从约1°到约2.5°，倒圆半径R7约为0.09英寸。抛物线锥形部分43b的长度约为0.09英寸，其倒圆半径R8约为0.25英寸(见图8)。对于前述的说明性锥体长度，抛物线锥体长度对圆锥体长度的比约为19％。抛物线锥体/圆锥锥体长度比的范围应从约5％到约30％，以便确保足够的锥体接触面积，并最大限度地减少干骺/远身锥体接合处的很高的点接触应力。此外，与上面所述的其它锥形部分一样，相同锥形几何形状和倒圆半径的锥形部分43a和43b可用于所有尺寸的远身段16，以增强远身和干骺部件的互换性，由此增强了假肢10的模块化。
现在参照图7和8，其示出了近身段12、干骺段14和远身段16的剖面图，它们清楚地示出了在装配后这些部件间的内部关系。正如图中所示出的，近身段12的凸起部件24以紧贴滑动关系容纳在干骺段14的孔部分32a中，并使凸起24的锥形部分25a和25b分别与孔区段32a的锥形部分33a和33b锁定啮合。类似地，近身段16的近身端16a以紧贴滑动方式容纳在干骺段14的孔区段32c中，并使远身段16的锥形部分43a和43b分别与孔区段32c的锥形部分34a和34b锁定啮合。在近身段12与干骺段14之间建立锥体锁定关系之前，设置近身段12的臂21和柱22的角方位，以便将柱22安装在所希望的位置以容纳传统的股骨头部件(未示出)。随着近身、干骺和远身段的互补锥形部分的锁定啮合，孔27、32和42将会沿轴向排成一线。于是，螺钉18通过对齐孔***，与孔42的互补螺纹部分进行螺纹啮合。螺钉18具有可容纳在埋头孔28中的埋头19，埋头孔28设置在干骺孔27的部分27a中。如果愿意，牢固固定螺钉18，以便进一步增强近身、干骺和远身段的锁定啮合。
本发明可以以除本发明详细描述公开的内容以外的方式实施，而不会脱离本发明的精神或必要特征。因此，要认为本发明所有方面描述的实施例仅是说明性而不是限制性的。因此本发明的范围由下面阐述的权利要求来表示，而不是由前面本发明的描述表示。所有在所要求主题的等效含义和在范围内的修改都将包含在权利要求的范围之内。

Claims (63)

1.一种模块化的髋部假肢，其包括：
近身段，所述近身段包括与股骨头部件锁定啮合的颈状物，所述近身段还包括向所述颈状物的远端延伸的凸锥形部分；
远身段，其具有近身端和远身端，所述远身段包括与它的所述近身端相邻的凸锥形部分；
干骺段，其包括近身端和远身端，所述干骺段包括骨接合外表面部分，所述干骺段还包括穿过其中的轴向孔，所述轴向孔包括第一和第二凹锥形部分，所述第一凹锥形部分位于靠近所述干骺段的所述近身端的位置，所述第一凹锥形部分在尺寸方面制成能与所述近身段的所述凸锥形部分锁定啮合，所述第二凹锥形部分位于靠近所述干骺段的所述远身端的位置，其在尺寸方面制成能与所述远身段的所述凸锥形部分锁定啮合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述近身段还包括穿过其中的轴向孔，所述近身段可与所述干骺段的所述近身端啮合，以便使穿过所述近身段和干骺段形成的所述轴向孔对齐，所述远身段还包括靠近其所述近身端的所述螺纹轴向孔，所述远身段的所述近身端可与所述干骺段的所述远身端啮合，以便使穿过所述远身和干骺段形成的所述轴向孔对齐，所述模块化的髋部假肢还包括一螺钉，其在尺寸上制成能穿过所述近身段、干骺段和远身段的所述对齐孔，并进入与所述远身段的所述螺纹轴向孔的螺纹啮合中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段包括啮合外表面部分的骨头。
4.根据权利要求3所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段的所述骨接合表面包括沿其增量长度方向形成的纵向槽。
5.根据权利要求1所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段还包括沿其增量长度方向的冠状狭槽。
6.根据权利要求3所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段的所述骨接合表面是由以下物质组成的组中选择的：粗砂磨砂表面，烧结金属珠涂层，羟磷灰石涂层，离子溅射涂层，生物玻璃陶瓷，除盐骨和载体，以及生长因子和载体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段具有普通圆形的横截面。
8.根据权利要求1所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段的远身端具有普通抛物线形的轴向截面。
9.根据权利要求1所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段是由以下材料组成的组中选出的材料构成的：钛金属合金，钴铬合金，和不锈钢。
10.根据权利要求1所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段的所述凸锥形部分和所述干骺段的所述凹锥形部分每个都包括融入普通抛物线部分的圆锥形部分。
11.根据权利要求10所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中抛物线锥体长度对圆锥体长度的比范围从约5％到30％。
12.根据权利要求11所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段的所述圆锥形部分和所述干骺段的所述第二凹锥形部分的圆锥连接角范围从约1°到约2.5°。
13.根据权利要求1所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述近身段的所述凸锥形部分设置在向所述颈状物的远端延伸的突起部件上。
14.根据权利要求13所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述突起部件包括向其远端延伸的接头部件。
15.根据权利要求1所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述近身段的所述凸锥形部分和所述干骺段的所述第一凹锥形部分每个都包括融入普通抛物线部分的圆锥形部分。
16.根据权利要求15所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述抛物线锥体长度对圆锥体长度之比的范围从约5％到30％。
17.根据权利要求16所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述近身段的所述圆锥形部分和所述干骺段的所述第一凹锥形部分的圆锥连接角范围从约1°到约2.5°。
18.根据权利要求1所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述近身段是由以下材料组成的组中选出的材料构造的：钛金属合金，钴铬合金，和不锈钢。
19.根据权利要求1所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述干骺段的所述骨接合表面是由以下物质组成的组中选择的：粗砂磨砂表面，烧结金属珠涂层，羟磷灰石涂层，离子溅射涂层，生物玻璃陶瓷，除盐骨和载体，以及生长因子和载体。
20.根据权利要求1所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述干骺段是由以下材料组成的组中选出的材料构造的：钛金属合金，钴铬合金，和不锈钢。
21.根据权利要求1所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述干骺段具有与普通圆锥形部分整体形成的梯形平截锥体部分。
22.根据权利要求21所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述干骺段具有从普通圆形的横截面偏移的普通梯形横截面。
23.根据权利要求21所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述干骺段包括围绕至少一部分所述普通圆锥部分形成的外部环。
24.一种模块化的髋部假肢，它包括：
近身段，所述近身段包括与股骨头部件锁定啮合的颈状物，所述近身段进一步包括向所述颈状物的远端延伸的凸锥形部分；
远身段，其具有近身端和远身端，所述远身段包括靠近其所述近身端的凸锥形部分和骨接合外表面部分；
干骺段，其包括近身端和远身端，所述干骺段还包括穿过其中的轴向孔，所述轴向孔包括第一和第二凹锥形部分，所述第一凹锥形部分位于靠近所述干骺段的所述近身端的位置，所述第一凹锥形部分在尺寸方面制成能与所述近身段的所述凸锥形部分锁定啮合，所述第二凹锥形部分位于靠近所述干骺段的所述远身端的位置，其在尺寸方面作得能与所述远身段的所述凸锥形部分锁定啮合。
25.根据权利要求24所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述身段还包括穿过其中的轴向孔，所述近身段可与所述干骺段的所述近身端啮合，以便使穿过所述近身段和干骺段形成的所述轴向孔对齐，所述远身段还包括靠近其所述近身端的所述螺纹轴向孔，所述远身段的所述近身端可与所述干骺段的所述远身端啮合，以便使穿过所述远身段和干骺段形成的所述轴向孔对齐，所述模块化的髋部假肢还包括一螺钉，其在尺寸上制成能穿过所述近身段、干骺段和远身段的所述对齐孔，并进入与所述远身段的所述螺纹轴向孔的螺纹啮合中。
26.根据权利要求24所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述近身段的所述凸锥形部分和所述干骺段的所述第一凹锥形部分每个都包括融入普通抛物线部分的圆锥形部分。
27.根据权利要求26所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中抛物线锥体长度对圆锥体长度的比范围从约5％到30％。
28.根据权利要求27所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述近身段的所述圆锥形部分和所述干骺段的所述第一凹锥形部分的圆锥连接角范围从约1°到约2.5°。
29.根据权利要求24所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述近身段是由以下材料组成的组中选出的材料构成的：钛金属合金，钴铬合金，和不锈钢。
30.根据权利要求24所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述近身段的所述凸锥形部分设置在向所述颈状物的远端延伸的突起部件上。
31.根据权利要求30所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述突起部件包括向其远端延伸的接头部件。
32.根据权利要求24所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身端具有普通圆形的横截面。
33.根据权利要求24所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段的所述凸锥形部分和所述干骺段的所述第二凹锥形部分每个都包括融入普通抛物线部分的圆锥形部分。
34.根据权利要求33所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述抛物线锥体长度对圆锥体长度之比的范围为从约5％到30％。
35.根据权利要求34所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段的所述圆锥形部分和所述干骺段的所述第二凹锥形部分的圆锥连接角范围为从约1°到约2.5°。
36.根据权利要求24所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段的所述骨接合表面包括沿其增量长度方向形成的纵向槽。
37.根据权利要求24所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段还包括沿其增量长度方向设置的冠状狭槽。
38.根据权利要求24所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段的所述骨接合表面是由以下物质组成的组中选择的：粗砂磨砂表面，烧结金属珠涂层，羟磷灰石涂层，离子溅射涂层，生物玻璃陶瓷，除盐骨和载体，以及生长因子和载体。
39.根据权利要求24所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段是由以下材料组成的组中选出的材料构造的：钛金属合金，钴铬合金，和不锈钢。
40.根据权利要求24所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述干骺段的所述骨接合表面是由以下物质组成的组中选择的：粗砂磨砂表面，烧结金属珠涂层，羟磷灰石涂层，离子溅射涂层，生物玻璃陶瓷，除盐骨和载体，以及生长因子和载体。
41.根据权利要求24所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述干骺段具有与普通圆锥部分整体形成的梯形平截头锥体部分。
42.根据权利要求41所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述干骺段具有从普通圆形横截面偏移的普通梯形横截面。
43.根据权利要求41所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述干骺段包括围绕至少一部分所述普通圆锥部分形成的外部环。
44.根据权利要求24所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述干骺段是由以下材料组成的组中选出的材料构造的：钛金属合金，钴铬合金，和不锈钢。
45.一种模块化的髋部假肢，它包括：
近身段，其具有穿过其中的轴向孔，所述近身段包括与股骨头部件锁定啮合的颈状物，所述近身段还包括向所述颈状物的远端延伸的凸锥形部分；
远身段，其具有近身端和远身端，所述远身段设有靠近其所述近身端的螺纹轴向孔，所述远身段还设有靠近其所述近身端的凸锥形部分；
干骺段，其包括近身端和远身端，所述干骺段包括骨接合外表面部分，所述干骺段还包括穿过其中的轴向孔，所述轴向孔包括第一和第二凹锥形部分，所述第一凹锥形部分位于靠近所述干骺段的所述近身端的位置，所述第一凹锥形部分在尺寸方面制成能与所述近身段的所述凸锥形部分锁定啮合，所述第二凹锥形部分位于靠近所述干骺段的所述远身端的位置，其在尺寸方面制成能与所述远身段的所述凸锥形部分锁定啮合；以及
所述近身段可与所述干骺段的所述近身端啮合，以便将穿过所述近身段和干骺段形成的所述轴向孔排成一线，所述远身段的所述近身端可与所述干骺段的所述远身端啮合，以便使穿过所述远身段和干骺段形成的所述轴向孔对齐；以及
所述模块化的髋部假肢进一步包括螺钉，其在尺寸上制成能穿过所述近身段、干骺段和远身段的所述定位孔，并进入与所述远身段的所述螺纹轴向孔的螺纹啮合中。
46.根据权利要求45所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述近身段的所述凸锥形部分和所述干骺段的所述第一凹锥形部分每个都包括融入普通抛物线部分的圆锥形部分。
47.根据权利要求46所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中抛物线锥体长度对圆锥体长度之比的范围为从约5％到30％。
48.根据权利要求47所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述近身段的所述圆锥形部分和所述干骺段的所述第一凹锥形部分的圆锥连接角范围为从约1°到约2.5°。
49.根据权利要求45所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述近身段是由以下材料组成的组中选出的材料构成的：钛金属合金，钴铬合金，和不锈钢。
50.根据权利要求45所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述近身段的所述凸锥形部分设置在向所述颈状物的远端延伸的突起部件上。
51.根据权利要求45所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述突起部件包括向其远端延伸的接头部件。
52.根据权利要求45所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段还包括沿其增量长度方向的纵向槽。
53.根据权利要求45所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段还包括沿其增量长度方向形成的冠状狭槽。
54.根据权利要求45所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段的所述凸锥形部分和所述干骺段的所述第二凹锥形部分每个都包括融入普通抛物线部分的圆锥形部分。
55.根据权利要求54所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中抛物线锥体长度对圆锥体长度之比的范围为从约5％到30％。
56.根据权利要求55所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段的所述圆锥形部分和所述干骺段的所述第二凹锥形部分的圆锥连接角范围为从约1°到约2.5°。
57.根据权利要求45所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段是由以下材料组成的组中选出的材料构造的：钛金属合金，钴铬合金，和不锈钢。
58.根据权利要求45所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述远身段包括一骨接合外表面，所述骨接合外表面是由以下物质组成的组中选择的：粗砂磨砂表面，烧结金属珠涂层，羟磷灰石涂层，离子溅射涂层，生物玻璃陶瓷，除盐骨和载体，以及生长因子和载体。
59.根据权利要求45所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述干骺段具有与普通圆锥部分整体形成的梯形平截头锥体部分。
60.根据权利要求59所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述干骺段具有从普通圆形横截面偏移的普通梯形横截面。
61.根据权利要求59所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述干骺段包括围绕至少一部分所述普通圆锥部分形成的外部环。
62.根据权利要求45所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述干骺段的所述骨接合外表面是由以下物质组成的组中选择的：粗砂磨砂表面，烧结金属珠涂层，羟磷灰石涂层，离子溅射涂层，生物玻璃陶瓷，除盐骨和载体，以及生长因子和载体。
63.根据权利要求45所述的模块化的髋部假肢，其中所述干骺段是由以下材料组成的组中选出的材料构造的：钛金属合金，钴铬合金，和不锈钢。
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US6319286B1 (en) 2001-11-20

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