CN1348472A - 制备聚乙烯的方法 - Google Patents
制备聚乙烯的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1348472A CN1348472A CN99816606A CN99816606A CN1348472A CN 1348472 A CN1348472 A CN 1348472A CN 99816606 A CN99816606 A CN 99816606A CN 99816606 A CN99816606 A CN 99816606A CN 1348472 A CN1348472 A CN 1348472A
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- Prior art keywords
- ether
- acid
- elements
- methyl
- ziegler
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims description 161
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000011954 Ziegler–Natta catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 52
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000005826 halohydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003527 tetrahydropyrans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- NKJOXAZJBOMXID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-Oxybisoctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC NKJOXAZJBOMXID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical group CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxetane Chemical compound C1COC1 AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001266 acyl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical group CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- LTIPUQSMGRSZOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[C].[O] Chemical group [C].[C].[O] LTIPUQSMGRSZOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 78
- UIOXNNAWANDJCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethoxypropane Chemical compound CCC(OC)OC UIOXNNAWANDJCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 34
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylmethane Natural products CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 31
- XKTYXVDYIKIYJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-dioxole Chemical compound C1OOC=C1 XKTYXVDYIKIYJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-dicarboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 16
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N perisophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- QOSMNYMQXIVWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl levulinate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCC(C)=O QOSMNYMQXIVWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethioic S-acid Chemical compound CC(S)=O DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 9
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 9
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 8
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxypropane Chemical compound COC(C)(C)OC HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VQKFNUFAXTZWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylfuran Chemical compound CC1=CC=CO1 VQKFNUFAXTZWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 6
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEUMBMHMMCOFAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrooxadiazole Chemical compound N1NC=CO1 VEUMBMHMMCOFAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
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- SNTWKPAKVQFCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1h-triazole Chemical compound N1NC=CN1 SNTWKPAKVQFCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- PNWSHHILERSSLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O PNWSHHILERSSLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 4
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH3] ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- FKZYYYDRLJCHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3-trimethoxypropane Chemical compound COCCC(OC)OC FKZYYYDRLJCHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GZGPRZYZKBQPBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane Chemical compound O1CCOC11CCCCC1 GZGPRZYZKBQPBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PZHIWRCQKBBTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCC PZHIWRCQKBBTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- GJEZBVHHZQAEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Chemical compound C1CCC2OC21 GJEZBVHHZQAEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000739 C2-C30 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- BQYNOZYISQGMOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)CO[SiH3] Chemical compound CC(C)CO[SiH3] BQYNOZYISQGMOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XJUZRXYOEPSWMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloromethyl methyl ether Chemical compound COCCl XJUZRXYOEPSWMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 206010062717 Increased upper airway secretion Diseases 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HQHFTCAKZCPJBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].C=1C=NOC=1 Chemical compound [O].C=1C=NOC=1 HQHFTCAKZCPJBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HONIICLYMWZJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azetidine Chemical compound C1CNC1 HONIICLYMWZJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940061627 chloromethyl methyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 3
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- RHLBSFVTOMSANQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-(3-ethyl-2,4-dimethylpentan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C(C)(C)C(CC)C(C)C RHLBSFVTOMSANQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRNXAQFJTLHJNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-(3-ethyl-2-methylpentan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C(C)(C)C(CC)CC ZRNXAQFJTLHJNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUZZQXYTKNNCOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(methoxy)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(CC)OC HUZZQXYTKNNCOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylphosphine Chemical compound CCP(CC)CC RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNQBEPDZQUOCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroacetyl chloride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)=O PNQBEPDZQUOCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(C)C RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(2-methylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC(C)C XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Substances COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP(OC)OC CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDYCDPFQWXHUDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(methylsulfanyl)silane Chemical compound CS[Si](C)(C)C JDYCDPFQWXHUDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZTRCELOJRDYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LZTRCELOJRDYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZKKNEOUHLFYNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC#N SZKKNEOUHLFYNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012725 vapour phase polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940117958 vinyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004260 weight control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种制备乙烯均聚物和共聚物的新方法,它包括在聚合条件下,使乙烯和/或乙烯和至少一种或多种其它烯烃与包含至少一种或多种内部电子给体的齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂、三甲基铝和至少一种或多种外部电子给体相接触,该外部电子给体为选自式(1)R1-CH2-O-CH2-R2、式(2)、式(3)R5-O-R6和式(4)R7-O(-R8-O)n-R9的含有至少一个碳-氧-碳键(C-O-C)的化合物。还提供的有由其制备的薄膜和制品。
Description
本发明领域
本发明涉及制备聚乙烯的聚合方法以及由该聚乙烯制备的薄膜。
本发明背景
聚乙烯聚合物是广为人知的,在很多应用方面都有用。特别地,线性聚乙烯聚合物具有使其有别于其它聚乙烯聚合物如通常被称为LDPE(低密度聚乙烯)的支化乙烯均聚物的特性。Anderson等在美国专利第4,076,698号中描述了某些这类特性。
一种用于制备聚乙烯聚合物的特别有用的聚合方法是气相法。在美国专利3,709,853、4,003,712、4,011,382、4,302,566、4,543,399、4,882,400、5,352,749和5,541,270以及加拿大专利第991,798号和比利时专利第839,380号中给出了这样的例子。
用于烯烃聚合的齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂体系在本技术领域内是广为人知的,并且至少从美国专利第3,113,115号的颁发开始就已为人知。因此,颁发了很多涉及新的或改进的齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂的专利。这些专利的例子有美国专利3,594,330、3,676,415、3,644,318、3,917,575、4,105,847、4,148,754、4,256,866、4,298,713、4,311,752、4,363,904、4,481,301和再颁专利33,683。
这些专利公开了普遍已知典型地是由过渡金属组分和助催化剂组成的齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂,助催化剂典型的为有机铝化合物。任选与催化剂一起使用的是活化剂如卤代烃和活度改性剂如电子给体。
在美国专利第3,354,139号和欧洲专利EP 0 529 977 B1和EP 0703 246 A1中公开了在聚乙烯的制备中,将卤代烃与齐格勒-纳塔型聚合催化剂一起使用。如所公开的,卤代烃可以降低乙烷形成的速率,提高催化剂效应,或者提供其它效能。典型的这类卤代烃为具有1-12个碳原子的一卤和多卤取代饱和或不饱和脂肪族、脂环族、或芳香族烃。脂肪族化合物的例子包括氯代甲烷、溴代甲烷、碘代甲烷、二氯甲烷、二溴甲烷、二碘甲烷、三氯甲烷、三溴甲烷、三碘甲烷、四氯化碳、四溴化碳、四碘化碳、乙基氯、乙基溴、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,2-二溴乙烷、甲基氯仿、全氯乙烯等。脂环族化合物的例子包括氯代环丙烷、四氯环戊烷等。芳香族化合物的例子包括氯苯、六溴代苯、三氯甲苯等。这些化合物可以各自单独使用或以它们的混合物的形式使用。
在烯烃的聚合中,特别是在使用齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂的聚合中,任选利用电子给体是普遍已知的。这样的电子给体常常有助于提高催化剂的效应和/或当对除了乙烯外的烯烃进行聚合时有助于控制聚合物的立体专一性。典型已知的电子给体为路易斯碱,当在催化剂制备阶段被使用时,将其称为内部电子给体。当在催化剂制备阶段以外使用时,电子给体被称为外部电子给体。例如,外部电子给体可被加到成型催化剂中、预聚物中、和/或聚合介质中。
电子给体在丙烯聚合领域的应用是广为人知的,主要用于减少聚合物的无规立构形态,提高全同立构聚合物的产量。电子给体的应用通常在全同立构聚丙烯的生产中提高催化剂的生产能力。这一般显示在美国专利第4,981,930号中。
在乙烯占聚合物中所存在全部单体的至少约70%重量的乙烯聚合领域中,电子给体被用于控制聚合物的分子量分布(MWD)和聚合介质中催化剂的活度。描述内部电子给体在生产线性聚乙烯中的应用的专利的例子有美国专利3,917,575、4,187,385、4,256,866、4,293,673、4,296,223;再颁专利33,683、4,302,565、4,302,566和5,470,812。在美国专利第5,055,535号中指出用外部单醚电子给体如四氢呋喃(THF)控制分子量分布;美国专利第5,410,002号中描述了用外部电子给体控制催化剂颗粒的反应性。
电子给体的例证性例子包括羧酸、羧酸酯、醇、醚、酮、胺、酰胺、腈、醛、硫醚、硫代酸酯、碳酸酯、含氧原子的有机硅化合物、和通过碳或氧原子与有机基团相连的磷、砷或锑化合物。
本发明简述
本发明的聚合方法包括向含乙烯和任选其它烯烃的聚合介质中引进含至少一种或多种内部电子给体的齐格勒-纳塔型聚合催化剂,其中内部电子给体的量由内部电子给体与齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂中的过渡金属化合物的摩尔比表示,为1∶1-约1000∶1、作为助催化剂的三甲基铝(TMA)、和式1或式2或式3或式4的含有至少一个碳-氧-碳键(C-O-C)的至少一种或多种外部电子给体化合物。
式1:
R1-CH2-O-CH2-R2
式3∶
R5-O-R6
式4:
R7-O(-R8-O)n-R9
其中n的范围为1-30;
R1和R2独立地选自氢、包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的饱和和不饱和脂族基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子、包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的取代和非取代芳基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子;
R3和R4被连接形成环或多环结构的一部分,并且为烃,它们独立地选自包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的饱和和不饱和脂族基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子、包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的取代和非取代芳基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子;
R5选自包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的取代和非取代芳基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子;
R6、R7、R8和R9独立地选自包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的饱和和不饱和脂族基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子、和包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的取代和非取代芳基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子。
式1、2、3和4的化合物的混合物也可被用作此处的外部电子给体。
可任选在聚合介质中使用卤代烃化合物。可以以任何方式将本文所定义的外部电子给体和/或TMA加入到聚合介质中。本文所定义的外部电子给体和/或TMA可以只是在加入到聚合介质之前先加入到催化剂中,或者以本技术领域内已知的任何方式与催化剂分开加入到聚合介质中。例如,可以任选将本文所定义的外部电子给体与TMA助催化剂预混合。
如果将气相流化床法用于乙烯的聚合,则有利的是在去热设备如热交换器之前加入本文所定义的外部电子给体,以减缓所述去热设备的结垢速率。
所有本文提到的周期表的元素族均是根据“Chemical andEngineering News”,63(5),27,1985所发布的元素的周期表而定的。在该版本中,族从1编到18。
本发明详述
本发明者们发现了一种制备聚乙烯的改进方法。该方法包括将下列物质进行特定结合使用的一个意外发现:含至少一种或多种内部电子给体的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂,其中内部电子给体的量由内部电子给体与齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂中的过渡金属化合物的摩尔比表示,为1∶1-约1000∶1、三甲基铝(TMA)助催化剂以及式1或式2或式3或式4的含有至少一个碳-氧-碳键(C-O-C)的至少一种或多种外部电子给体化合物。
式1:
R1-CH2-O-CH2-R2
式3:
R5-O-R6
式4:
R7-O(-R8-O)n-R9
其中n的范围为1-30;
R1和R2独立地选自氢、包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的饱和和不饱和脂族基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子、包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的取代和非取代芳基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子;
R3和R4被连接形成环或多环结构的一部分,并且为烃,它们独立地选自包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的饱和和不饱和脂族基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子、包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的取代和非取代芳基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子;
R5选自包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的取代和非取代芳基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子;
R6、R7、R8和R9独立地选自包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的饱和和不饱和脂族基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子、和包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的取代和非取代芳基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子;
式1、2、3和4的化合物的混合物也可被用作此处的外部电子给体。
适用于此处的R1和R2基团的例子为氢、C1-30烷基、C2-30链烯基、C4-30二烯基、C3-30环烷基、C3-30环烯基、C4-30环二烯基、C6-30芳基、C7-30芳烷基和C7-30烷芳基。还有的例子是包含1-30个碳原子和1-30个杂原子的烃,该杂原子为选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子,如B1-30硼杂烃、Si1-30硅杂烃、P1-30磷杂烃、S1-30硫代烃、Cl1-30氯代烃和含卤素混合物的卤代烃。
适用于此处的R3和R4烃基的例子为C1-30烷基、C2-30链烯基、C4-30二烯基、C3-30环烷基、C3-30环烯基、C4-30环二烯基、C6-30芳基、C7-30芳烷基和C7-30烷芳基,其中R3和R4被连接形成环或多环结构的一部分。还有的例子是包含1-30个碳原子和1-30个杂原子的烃,该杂原子为选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子,如B1-30硼杂烃、Si1-30硅杂烃、P1-30磷杂烃、S1-30硫代烃、Cl1-30氯代烃和含卤素混合物的卤代烃,其中R3和R4被连接形成环或多环结构的一部分。
适用于此处的R5基团的例子为C6-30芳基和C7-30芳烷基。还有的例子是包含1-30个碳原子和1-30个杂原子的取代和非取代芳烃,该杂原子为选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子,如B1-30硼杂烃、Si1-30硅杂烃、P1-30磷杂烃、S1-30硫代烃、Cl1-30氯代烃和含卤素混合物的卤代烃。
适用于此处的R6、R7、R8和R9基团的例子为C1-30烷基、C2-30链烯基、C4-30二烯基、C3-30环烷基、C3-30环烯基、C4-30环二烯基、C6-30芳基、C7-30芳烷基和C7-30烷芳基。还有的例子是包含1-30个碳原子和1-30个杂原子的烃,该杂原子为选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子,如B1-30硼杂烃、Si1-30硅杂烃、P1-30磷杂烃、S1-30硫代烃、Cl1-30氯代烃和含卤素混合物的卤代烃。
可用于此处的式1,R1-CH2-O-CH2-R2,的化合物的例子为包含一个C-O-C键的化合物,如烷基、链烯基、二烯基和芳基取代化合物。特殊例子为二甲醚、二***、二丙醚、二丁醚、二戊醚、二异戊醚、二己醚、二辛醚、二苄醚、二烯丙基醚、烯丙基·甲基醚、烯丙基·乙基醚、烯丙基·苄基醚、苄基·甲基醚、苄基·乙基醚、丁基·甲基醚、丁基·乙基醚、异戊基·甲基醚、异戊基·乙基醚、异戊基·丙基醚、异戊基·丁基醚等。含有元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的杂原子的式1的烃的例子还有二(三甲代甲硅烷基甲基)醚、三甲代甲硅烷基甲基·甲基醚、二(2,2,2-三氟乙基)醚、苄基·3-溴丙基醚、苄基·3-溴-2-氯丙基醚、苄基·氯甲基醚、丁基·2-氯乙基醚、氯甲基·甲基醚、氯甲基·乙基醚、二甲基2-甲氧基乙基硼酸酯、二甲基甲氧基甲基硼酸酯、二甲氧基-2-甲氧基乙基硼烷、二苯基-2-甲氧基乙基膦、二苯基甲氧基甲基膦、2-(2-噻吩基)乙基·乙基醚、2-(2-噻吩基)乙基·甲基醚、2-(3-噻吩基)乙基·乙基醚、2-(3-噻吩基)乙基·甲基醚、2-(2-甲氧基甲基)-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环戊烷、1-(2-甲氧基乙基)吡咯、1-(2-甲氧基乙基)吡唑、1-(2-甲氧基乙基)咪唑、2-(2-甲氧基乙基)吡啶等。
可用于此处的式的化合物的例子为环状化合物,其中如R3和R4被联结在一起形成环或多环结构的一部分,例如环氧乙烷、1,2-环氧丙烷、1,2-环氧丁烷、2,3-环氧丁烷、1,2-环氧丁-3-烯、环戊烯氧化物(cyclopentene oxide)、氧杂环丁烷、氧化苯乙烯、3,3-二甲基氧杂环丁烷、呋喃、2,3-二氢呋喃、2,5-二氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、2,5-二甲基四氢呋喃、4,5-二氢-2-甲基呋喃、2-甲基呋喃、2-乙基呋喃、2-叔丁基呋喃、2,5-二甲基呋喃、2,3-二甲基呋喃、1,2-吡喃、1,4-吡喃、四氢吡喃、3-甲基四氢吡喃、oxocane、2,3-苯并呋喃、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、2-甲基苯并呋喃、phthalan、二苯并呋喃、呫吨、苯并二氢吡喃、异苯并二氢吡喃等。还有的例子是包含一个以上的C-O-C键的环状化合物,如2,5-二甲氧基呋喃、2-甲氧基呋喃、3-甲氧基呋喃、2-甲氧基四氢吡喃、3-甲氧基四氢吡喃、1,3-二氧戊环、2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、2-乙基-2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、2,2-四亚甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、2,2-五亚甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、2-乙烯基-1,3-二氧戊环、2-甲氧基-1,3-二氧戊环、1,4-螺二环[4.4]壬-6-烯、1,4,9,12-二螺四环(4.2.4.2)十四烷、1,3-二噁烷、1,4-二噁烷、4-甲基-1,3-二噁烷、1,3,5-三噁烷、2,4,8,10-螺四环(5.5)十一烷、12-冠醚-4、15-冠醚-5、顺式-4,7-二氢-1,3-dioxepin、1,7-螺二环(5.5)十一烷、3,4-环氧四氢呋喃、2,2-二甲基-4-乙烯基-1,3-二氧戊环等。含有元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的杂原子的式2的烃的例子还有3-氯-1,2-环氧丙烷、3-溴代呋喃、2-氯甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、4-氯代四氢吡喃、三-2-呋喃基膦、1-呋喃甲基吡咯、二甲基3-呋喃基甲基硼酸酯、2-三甲代甲硅烷基呋喃、3-三甲代甲硅烷基呋喃、2-三甲代甲硅烷基-1,3-二氧戊环、2-(3-噻吩基)-1,3-二氧戊环、2-溴氯甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、噁唑、1,3,4-噁二唑、3,4-二氯-1,2-环氧丁烷、3,4-二溴-1,2-环氧丁烷等。
可用于此处的式3,R5-O-R6,的化合物的例子是包含一个C-O-C键的化合物,如烷基、链烯基、二烯基和芳基取代的芳族化合物。特殊的例子为二苯醚、二(2-甲苯基)醚、二(3-甲苯基)醚、二(1-萘基)醚、二(2-萘基)醚、烯丙基·苯基醚、烯丙基·2-甲苯基醚、烯丙基·3-甲苯基醚、烯丙基·1-萘基醚、烯丙基·2-萘基醚、苄基·苯基醚、苄基·2-甲苯基醚、苄基·3-甲苯基醚、苄基·1-萘基醚、苄基·2-萘基醚、乙基·苯基醚、乙基·2-甲苯基醚、乙基·3-甲苯基醚、乙基·1-萘基醚、乙基·2-萘基醚、甲基·苯基醚、甲基·2-甲苯基醚、甲基·3-甲苯基醚、甲基·1-萘基醚、甲基·2-萘基醚等。含有元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的杂原子的式3的烃的例子还有2-乙氧基-1-甲基吡咯、3-甲氧基-1-甲基吡咯、2-乙氧基噻吩、3-甲氧基噻吩、3-甲氧基-1-甲基吡唑、4-甲氧基-1-甲基吡唑、5-甲氧基-1-甲基吡唑、2-甲氧基-1-甲基咪唑、4-甲氧基-1-甲基咪唑、5-甲氧基-1-甲基咪唑、3-甲氧基-1-苯基吡唑、4-甲氧基-1-苯基吡唑、5-甲氧基-1-苯基吡唑、2-甲氧基-1-苯基咪唑、4-甲氧基-1-苯基咪唑、5-甲氧基-1-苯基咪唑、4-甲氧基-1-甲基-1,2,3-***、5-甲氧基-1-甲基-1,2,3-***、4-甲氧基-1-苯基-1,2,3-***、5-甲氧基-1-苯基-1,2,3-***、3-甲氧基-1-甲基-1,2,4-***、5-甲氧基-1-甲基-1,2,4-***、3-甲氧基-1-苯基-1,2,4-***、5-甲氧基-1-苯基-1,2,4-***、5-甲氧基-1-甲基四唑、5-甲氧基-1-苯基四唑、3-甲氧基异噁唑、4-甲氧基异噁唑、5-甲氧基异噁唑、2-甲氧基噁唑、4-甲氧基噁唑、5-甲氧基噁唑、3-甲氧基-1,2,4-噁二唑、5-甲氧基-1,2,4-噁二唑、2-甲氧基-1,3,4-噁二唑、3-甲氧基异噻唑、4-甲氧基异噻唑、5-甲氧基异噻唑、2-甲氧基噻唑、4-甲氧基噻唑、5-甲氧基噻唑、2-甲氧基吡啶、3-甲氧基吡啶、4-甲氧基吡啶、3-甲氧基哒嗪、4-甲氧基哒嗪、2-甲氧基嘧啶、4-甲氧基嘧啶、5-甲氧基嘧啶、2-甲氧基吡嗪、3-甲氧基-1,2,4-三嗪、5-甲氧基-1,2,4-三嗪、6-甲氧基-1,2,4-三嗪、2-甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪等。
可用于此处的包含一个以上C-O-C键的式4,R7-O(-R8-O)n-R9,的化合物的例子为烷基、链烯基、二烯基和芳基取代化合物,其中n的范围为1-30。特殊的例子为二甲氧基甲烷、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷、1,1,1-三甲氧基乙烷、1,1,1-三乙氧基乙烷、1,1,2-三甲氧基乙烷、1,1-二甲氧基丙烷、1,2-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二甲氧基丙烷、1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、1,1,3-三甲氧基丙烷、1,4-二甲氧基丁烷、1,2-二甲氧基苯、1,3-二甲氧基苯、1,4-二甲氧基苯、乙二醇二甲基醚、乙二醇二乙基醚、乙二醇二乙烯基醚、乙二醇二苯基醚、乙二醇二环戊基醚、乙二醇叔丁基甲基醚、乙二醇叔丁基乙基醚、二(乙二醇)二甲基醚、二(乙二醇)二乙基醚、二(乙二醇)二丁基醚、二(乙二醇)叔丁基甲基醚、三(乙二醇)二甲基醚、三(乙二醇)二乙基醚、四(乙二醇)二甲基醚、四(乙二醇)二乙基醚、2-(2-乙基己基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-异丙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-仲丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-叔丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-环己基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-苯基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-枯基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-(2-苯基乙基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-(2-环己基乙基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-(对氯苯基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-(对氟苯基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-(二苯基甲基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二环己基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二乙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二丙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二异丙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二异丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-乙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-丙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-苄基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-甲基环己基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-异丙基-2-异戊基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二(2-环己基甲基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷等。含有元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的杂原子的式4的化合物的例子还有乙二醇二(三甲代甲硅烷基甲基)醚、二(乙二醇)甲基三甲代甲硅烷基醚、三(2-甲氧基乙基)硼酸酯、乙二醇氯甲基溴甲基醚等。
在此优选用作外部电子给体的是二甲醚、二***、二丙醚、二丁醚、二异戊醚、二苄醚、丁基·甲基醚、丁基·乙基醚、氯甲基·甲基醚、三甲代甲硅烷基甲基·甲基醚、二(三甲代甲硅烷基甲基)醚、二(2,2,2-三氟乙基)醚、环氧乙烷、1,2-环氧丙烷、1,2-环氧丁烷、环戊烯氧化物、3-氯-1,2-环氧丙烷、呋喃、2,3-二氢呋喃、2,5-二氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、2,5-二甲基四氢呋喃、2-甲基呋喃、2,5-二甲基呋喃、四氢吡喃、1,2-环氧丁-3-烯、氧化苯乙烯、2-乙基呋喃、噁唑、1,3,4-噁二唑、3,4-二氯-1,2-环氧丁烷、3,4-二溴-1,2-环氧丁烷、二甲氧基甲烷、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷、1,1,1-三甲氧基甲烷、1,1,1-三甲氧基乙烷、1,1,2-三甲氧基乙烷、1,1-二甲氧基丙烷、1,2-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二甲氧基丙烷、1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、1,1,3-三甲氧基丙烷、1,4-二甲氧基丁烷、1,2-二甲氧基苯、1,3-二甲氧基苯、1,4-二甲氧基苯、乙二醇二甲基醚、二(乙二醇)二甲基醚、二(乙二醇)二乙基醚、二(乙二醇)二丁基醚、二(乙二醇)叔丁基甲基醚、三(乙二醇)二甲基醚、三(乙二醇)二乙基醚、四(乙二醇)二甲基醚、2,2-二乙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-乙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲氧基呋喃、3-甲氧基呋喃、1,3-二氧戊环、2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、2-乙基-2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、2,2-四亚甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、2,2-五亚甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、1,3-二噁烷、1,4-二噁烷、4-甲基-1,3-二噁烷、1,3,5-三噁烷和3,4-环氧四氢呋喃。
在此最优选用作外部电子给体的是四氢呋喃、二***、二丙醚、甲基·丙基醚、二丁醚、二辛醚、氧杂环丁烷和四氢吡喃。
本发明的聚合过程可以采用任何适当的方法进行。例如,可以采用在悬浮液、溶液、超临界或气相介质中的聚合。所有这些聚合方法在本技术领域内都是普遍已知的。
按照本发明,制备聚乙烯聚合物的特别理想的方法是优选采用流化床反应器的气相聚合法。这类反应器和操作反应器的方法是广为人知的,在美国专利3,709,853、4,003,712、4,011,382、4,012,573、4,302,566、4,543,399、4,882,400、5,352,749、5,541,270;加拿大专利第991,798号和比利时专利第839,380号中有全面的描述。这些专利公开了气相聚合法,其中对聚合介质进行机械搅拌或通过气相单体和稀释剂的连续流动使聚合介质流体化。将这些专利的全部内容结合在此以作参考。
通常,可以将本发明的聚合方法作为连续气相法如流化床法来进行。用于本发明方法的流化床反应器典型地包括一个反应区和一个所谓的降速区。反应区包括一个生长聚合物颗粒的床,通过气态单体和稀释剂的连续流动使形成的聚合物颗粒和较少量的催化剂颗粒流体化,以除去通过反应区的聚合反应热。任选地,一些再循环气体可被冷却压缩形成液体以提高循环气流重新进入反应区时的去热能力。可以通过简单的实验容易地决定适合的气体流动速率。气态单体对循环气体的补充速率等于这样一个速率,即在该速率下,粒状聚合物产物和与之相连的单体被从反应器移出,并且流经反应器的气体组合物被调节至在反应区内保持必需的稳定态的气态组成。使离开反应区的气体经过降速区,在此除去裹入颗粒。可在旋风分离器和/或精细过滤器中除去较小的裹入颗粒和粉剂。使气体经过热交换器,聚合反应热在此被除去,在压缩机中将其压缩,然后返回反应区。
更详细地说,此处流化床法的反应器温度范围为约30℃-约110℃。一般地,反应器温度被控制为考虑了反应器内聚合物产物的烧结温度后可行的最高温度。
本发明方法适于制备乙烯的均聚物和/或乙烯与至少一种或多种其它烯烃的二元共聚物、三元共聚物等。优选烯烃为α-烯烃。这类烯烃例如可含有3-16个碳原子。此处特别优选通过本发明方法的制备的是线性聚乙烯。这样的线性聚乙烯优选为乙烯的线性均聚物和乙烯与至少一种α-烯烃的线性共聚物,其中乙烯含量至少为所含全部单体的约70%重量。可用于此处的α-烯烃的例子为丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、4-甲基戊-1-烯、1-癸烯、1-十二碳烯、1-十六碳烯等。还可用于此处的是多烯,如1,3-己二烯、1,4-己二烯、环戊二烯、双环戊二烯、4-乙烯基环己-1-烯、1,5-环辛二烯、5-亚乙烯基-2-降冰片烯和5-乙烯基-2-降冰片烯,以及在聚合介质中就地形成的烯烃。当烯烃在聚合介质中就地形成时,可能出现包含长链支化的线性聚乙烯的形成。
本发明的聚合反应在齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂的存在下进行。在本发明的方法中,可以以本技术领域内已知的任何方法引进催化剂。例如,催化剂可以以溶液、淤浆或干燥自由流动粉末的形式被直接引进聚合介质中。催化剂还可以以去活化催化剂的形式被使用,或者以在助催化剂的存在下通过使催化剂与一种或多种烯烃接触而得到的预聚物的形式被使用。在本发明中,所用的齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂含有至少一种或多种内部电子给体。
在制备此处所用的齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂时,结合进了至少一种或多种内部电子给体。可以使用本领域内已知的任何内部电子给体。内部电子给体以一定的量被结合进来,该量由1∶1-约1000∶1的内部电子给体与齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂中的过渡金属化合物的摩尔比表示。
齐格勒-纳塔催化剂在工业上广为人知。最简单形式的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂由过渡金属化合物和有机金属助催化剂化合物组成。过渡金属化合物的金属是“Chemical and Engineering News”,63(5),27,1985所发布的元素周期表中4、5、6、7、8、9和10族的金属。在该版本中,族从1编到18。这样的过渡金属的例子是钛、锆、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍等以及它们的混合物。在优选实施方案中,过渡金属选自钛、锆、钒和铬,在还更优选的实施方案中,过渡金属为钛。齐格勒-纳塔催化剂可任选包含镁和氯。这样的包含镁和氯的催化剂可以以本技术领域内已知的任何方法制备。
任何内部电子给体都可被用于制备齐格勒-纳塔催化剂。内部电子给体的例子为含有1-50个碳原子和1-30个杂原子的烃,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子。适当的内部电子给体化合物的例子为例如醚、硫醚、胺、酯、硫代酸酯、酰胺、酸酐、酰基卤、醛、酮、醇、腈、膦、硅烷、羧酸等。
作为内部电子给体的有用的醚的例子有二甲醚、二***、二丙醚、二异丙醚、二丁醚、二戊醚、二己醚、二辛醚、二异戊醚、二叔丁基醚、二苯醚、二苄醚、二乙烯醚、二烯丙基醚、二环丙醚、二环戊醚、二环己醚、二(2,2,2-三氟乙基)醚、烯丙基·甲基醚、烯丙基·乙基醚、烯丙基·环己基醚、烯丙基·苯基醚、烯丙基·苄基醚、烯丙基·2-甲苯基醚、烯丙基·3-甲苯基醚、烯丙基·4-甲苯基醚、苄基·甲基醚、苄基·乙基醚、苄基·异戊基醚、苄基·氯甲基醚、苄基·环己基醚、苄基·苯基醚、苄基·1-萘基醚、苄基·2-萘基醚、丁基·甲基醚、丁基·乙基醚、仲丁基·甲基醚、叔丁基·甲基醚、丁基·环戊基醚、丁基·2-氯代乙基醚、环戊基·甲基醚、环己基·乙基醚、环己基·乙烯基醚、叔戊基·甲基醚、仲丁基·乙基醚、叔丁基·乙基醚、叔戊基·乙基醚、环十二烷基·甲基醚、二(2-环戊烯-1-基)醚、1-甲氧基-1,3-环己二烯、1-甲氧基-1,4-环己二烯、氯甲基·甲基醚、氯甲基·乙基醚、二(2-甲苯基)醚、三甲代甲硅烷基甲基·甲基醚、氧杂环丁烷、3,3-二甲基氧杂环丁烷、呋喃、2,3-二氢呋喃、2,5-二氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、2,5-二甲基四氢呋喃、4,5-二氢-2-甲基呋喃、2-甲基呋喃、2,5-二甲基呋喃、3-溴代呋喃、2,3-苯并呋喃、2-甲基苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、呫吨、1,2-吡喃、1,4-吡喃、四氢吡喃、3-甲基四氢吡喃、4-氯代四氢吡喃、苯并二氢吡喃、异苯并二氢吡喃、oxocane、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷、1,1,1-三甲氧基乙烷、1,1,2-三甲氧基乙烷、1,1-二甲氧基丙烷、1,2-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二甲氧基丙烷、1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、1,1,3-三甲氧基丙烷、1,4-二甲氧基丁烷、1,2-二甲氧基苯、1,3-二甲氧基苯、1,4-二甲氧基苯、乙二醇二甲基醚、乙二醇二乙基醚、乙二醇二乙烯基醚、乙二醇二苯基醚、乙二醇叔丁基甲基醚、乙二醇叔丁基乙基醚、二(乙二醇)二甲基醚、二(乙二醇)二乙基醚、二(乙二醇)二丁基醚、二(乙二醇)叔丁基甲基醚、三(乙二醇)二甲基醚、三(乙二醇)二乙基醚、四(乙二醇)二甲基醚、四(乙二醇)二乙基醚、2,5-二甲氧基呋喃、2-甲氧基呋喃、3-甲氧基呋喃、2-甲氧基四氢吡喃、3-甲氧基四氢吡喃、1,3-二氧戊环、2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、2-乙基-2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、2,2-四亚甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、2,2-五亚甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、2-乙烯基-1,3-二氧戊环、2-氯甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、2-甲氧基-1,3-二氧戊环、1,4-螺二环[4.4]壬-6-烯、1,4,9,12-二螺四环(4.2.4.2)十四烷、1,3-二噁烷、1,4-二噁烷、4-甲基-1,3-二噁烷、1,3,5-三噁烷、2,4,8,10-螺四环(5.5)十一烷、12-冠醚-4、15-冠醚-5、顺式-4,7-二氢-1,3-dioxepin、2-(2-乙基己基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-异丙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-仲丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-叔丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-环己基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-苯基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-枯基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-(2-苯基乙基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-(2-环己基乙基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-(对氯苯基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-(对氟苯基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-(二苯基甲基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二环己基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二乙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二丙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二异丙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二异丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-乙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-丙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-苄基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-甲基环己基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-异丙基-2-异戊基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二(2-环己基甲基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷等。
作为内部电子给体的有用的硫醚的例子有二甲硫、二乙硫、二丙硫、二异丙硫、二丁硫、二戊硫、二己硫、二辛硫、二异戊硫、二叔丁基硫、二苯硫、二苄硫、二乙烯基硫、二烯丙基硫、联炔丙基硫、二环丙硫、二环戊硫、二环己硫、烯丙基·甲基硫、烯丙基·乙基硫、烯丙基·环己基硫、烯丙基·苯基硫、烯丙基·苄基硫、烯丙基·2-甲苯基硫、烯丙基·3-甲苯基硫、苄基·甲基硫、苄基·乙基硫、苄基·异戊基硫、苄基·氯甲基硫、苄基·环己基硫、苄基·苯基硫、苄基·1-萘基硫、苄基·2-萘基硫、丁基·甲基硫、丁基·乙基硫、仲丁基·甲基硫、叔丁基·甲基硫、丁基·环戊基硫、丁基·2-氯代乙基硫、环戊基·甲基硫、环己基·乙基硫、环己基·乙烯基硫、叔戊基·甲基硫、仲丁基·乙基硫、叔丁基·乙基硫、叔戊基·乙基硫、环十二烷基·甲基硫、二(2-环戊烯-1-基)硫、1-甲硫基-1,3-环己二烯、1-甲硫基-1,4-环己二烯、氯甲基·甲基硫、氯甲基·乙基硫、二(2-甲苯基)硫、三甲代甲硅烷基甲基·甲基硫、亚丙基硫、噻吩、2,3-二氢噻吩、2,5-二氢噻吩、四氢噻吩、2-甲基四氢噻吩、2,5-二甲基四氢噻吩、4,5-二氢-2-甲基噻吩、2-甲基噻吩、2,5-二甲基噻吩、3-溴代噻吩、2,3-苯并噻吩、2-甲基苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、异苯并噻吩、1,1-二甲硫基乙烷、1,1,1-三甲硫基乙烷、1,1,2-三甲硫基乙烷、1,1-二甲硫基丙烷、1,2-二甲硫基丙烷、2,2-二甲硫基丙烷、1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、1,1,3-三甲硫基丙烷、1,4-二甲硫基丁烷、1,2-二甲硫基苯、1,3-二甲硫基苯、1,4-二甲硫基苯、乙二醇二甲基硫、乙二醇二乙基硫、乙二醇二乙烯基硫、乙二醇二苯基硫、乙二醇叔丁基甲基硫、乙二醇叔丁基乙基硫、2,5-二甲硫基噻吩、2-甲硫基噻吩、3-甲硫基噻吩、2-甲硫基四氢吡喃、3-甲硫基四氢吡喃、1,3-二硫戊环、2-甲基-1,3-二硫戊环、2,2-二甲基-1,3-二硫戊环、2-乙基-2-甲基-1,3-二硫戊环、2,2-四亚甲基-1,3-二硫戊环、2,2-五亚甲基-1,3-二硫戊环、2-乙烯基-1,3-二硫戊环、2-氯甲基-1,3-二硫戊环、2-甲硫基-1,3-二硫戊环、1,3-二噻烷、1,4-二噻烷、4-甲基-1,3-二噻烷、1,3,5-三噻烷、2-(2-乙基己基)-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-异丙基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-丁基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-仲丁基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-叔丁基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-环己基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-苯基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-枯基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-(2-苯基乙基)-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-(2-环己基乙基)-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-(对氯苯基)-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-(对氟苯基)-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-(二苯基甲基)-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2,2-二环己基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2,2-二乙基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2,2-二丙基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2,2-二异丙基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2,2-二丁基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2,2-二异丁基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-甲基-2-乙基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-甲基-2-丙基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-甲基-2-丁基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-甲基-2-苄基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-甲基-2-甲基环己基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2-异丙基-2-异戊基-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷、2,2-二(2-环己基甲基)-1,3-二甲硫基丙烷等。
作为内部电子给体的有用的胺的例子有甲胺、乙胺、丙胺、异丙胺、丁胺、异丁胺、戊胺、异戊胺、辛胺、环己胺、苯胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、二丙胺、二异丙胺、二丁胺、二异丁胺、二戊胺、二异戊胺、二辛胺、二环己胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、三丙胺、三异丙胺、三丁胺、三异丁胺、三戊胺、三异戊胺、三辛胺、三环己胺、N-甲基苯胺、N-乙基苯胺、N-丙基苯胺、N-异丙基苯胺、N-丁基苯胺、N-异丁基苯胺、N-戊基苯胺、N-异戊基苯胺、N-辛基苯胺、N-环己基苯胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N,N-二乙基苯胺、N,N-二丙基苯胺、N,N-二异丙基苯胺、N,N-二丁基苯胺、N,N-二异丁基苯胺、N,N-二戊基苯胺、N,N-二异戊基苯胺、N,N-二辛基苯胺、N,N-二环己基苯胺、氮杂环丁烷、1-甲基氮杂环丁烷、1-乙基氮杂环丁烷、1-丙基氮杂环丁烷、1-异丙基氮杂环丁烷、1-丁基氮杂环丁烷、1-异丁基氮杂环丁烷、1-戊基氮杂环丁烷、1-异戊基氮杂环丁烷、吡咯烷、1-甲基吡咯烷、1-乙基吡咯烷、1-丙基吡咯烷、1-异丙基吡咯烷、1-丁基吡咯烷、1-异丁基吡咯烷、1-戊基吡咯烷、1-异戊基吡咯烷、1-辛基吡咯烷、1-环己基吡咯烷、1-苯基吡咯烷、哌啶、1-甲基哌啶、1-乙基哌啶、1-丙基哌啶、1-异丙基哌啶、1-丁基哌啶、1-异丁基哌啶、1-戊基哌啶、1-异戊基哌啶、1-辛基哌啶、1-环己基哌啶、1-苯基哌啶、哌嗪、1-甲基哌嗪、1-乙基哌嗪、1-丙基哌嗪、1-异丙基哌嗪、1-丁基哌嗪、1-异丁基哌嗪、1-戊基哌嗪、1-异戊基哌嗪、1-辛基哌嗪、1-环己基哌嗪、1-苯基哌嗪、1,4-二甲基哌嗪、1,4-二乙基哌嗪、1,4-二丙基哌嗪、1,4-二异丙基哌嗪、1,4-二丁基哌嗪、1,4-二异丁基哌嗪、1,4-二戊基哌嗪、1,4-二异戊基哌嗪、1,4-二辛基哌嗪、1,4-二环己基哌嗪、1,4-二苯基哌嗪等。
作为内部电子给体的有用的酯的例子有甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、醋酸乙烯酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸辛酯、乙酸环己酯、丙酸乙酯、戊酸乙酯、氯乙酸甲酯、二氯乙酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、巴豆酸乙酯、新戊酸乙酯、苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸乙酯、苯甲酸丙酯、苯甲酸丁酯、苯甲酸异丁酯、苯甲酸异丙酯、苯甲酸辛酯、苯甲酸环己酯、苯甲酸苯酯、苯甲酸苄酯、2-甲基苯甲酸甲酯、2-甲基苯甲酸乙酯、2-甲基苯甲酸丙酯、2-甲基苯甲酸异丙酯、2-甲基苯甲酸丁酯、2-甲基苯甲酸异丁酯、2-甲基苯甲酸辛酯、2-甲基苯甲酸环己酯、2-甲基苯甲酸苯酯、2-甲基苯甲酸苄酯、3-甲基苯甲酸甲酯、3-甲基苯甲酸乙酯、3-甲基苯甲酸丙酯、3-甲基苯甲酸异丙酯、3-甲基苯甲酸丁酯、3-甲基苯甲酸异丁酯、3-甲基苯甲酸辛酯、3-甲基苯甲酸环己酯、3-甲基苯甲酸苯酯、3-甲基苯甲酸苄酯、4-甲基苯甲酸甲酯、4-甲基苯甲酸乙酯、4-甲基苯甲酸丙酯、4-甲基苯甲酸异丙酯、4-甲基苯甲酸丁酯、4-甲基苯甲酸异丁酯、4-甲基苯甲酸辛酯、4-甲基苯甲酸环己酯、4-甲基苯甲酸苯酯、4-甲基苯甲酸苄酯、邻氯苯甲酸甲酯、邻氯苯甲酸乙酯、邻氯苯甲酸丙酯、邻氯苯甲酸异丙酯、邻氯苯甲酸丁酯、邻氯苯甲酸异丁酯、邻氯苯甲酸戊酯、邻氯苯甲酸异戊酯、邻氯苯甲酸辛酯、邻氯苯甲酸环己酯、邻氯苯甲酸苯酯、邻氯苯甲酸苄酯、间氯苯甲酸甲酯、间氯苯甲酸乙酯、间氯苯甲酸丙酯、间氯苯甲酸异丙酯、间氯苯甲酸丁酯、间氯苯甲酸异丁酯、间氯苯甲酸戊酯、间氯苯甲酸异戊酯、间氯苯甲酸辛酯、间氯苯甲酸环己酯、间氯苯甲酸苯酯、间氯苯甲酸苄酯、对氯苯甲酸甲酯、对氯苯甲酸乙酯、对氯苯甲酸丙酯、对氯苯甲酸异丙酯、对氯苯甲酸丁酯、对氯苯甲酸异丁酯、对氯苯甲酸戊酯、对氯苯甲酸异戊酯、对氯苯甲酸辛酯、对氯苯甲酸环己酯、对氯苯甲酸苯酯、对氯苯甲酸苄酯、马来酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸甲·乙酯、邻苯二甲酸甲·丙酯、邻苯二甲酸甲·丁酯、邻苯二甲酸甲·异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸乙·丙酯、邻苯二甲酸乙·丁酯、邻苯二甲酸乙·异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸丙·丁酯、邻苯二甲酸丙·异丁酯、对苯二酸二甲酯、对苯二酸二乙酯、对苯二酸二丙酯、对苯二酸二丁酯、对苯二酸二异丁酯、对苯二酸甲·乙酯、对苯二酸甲·丙酯、对苯二酸甲·丁酯、对苯二酸甲·异丁酯、对苯二酸乙·丙酯、对苯二酸乙·丁酯、对苯二酸乙·异丁酯、对苯二酸丙·丁酯、对苯二酸丙·异丁酯、间苯二酸二甲酯、间苯二酸二乙酯、间苯二酸二丙酯、间苯二酸二丁酯、间苯二酸二异丁酯、间苯二酸甲·乙酯、间苯二酸甲·丙酯、间苯二酸甲·丁酯、间苯二酸甲·异丁酯、间苯二酸乙·丙酯、间苯二酸乙·丁酯、间苯二酸乙·异丁酯、间苯二酸丙·丁酯、间苯二酸丙·异丁酯等。
作为内部电子给体的有用的硫代酸酯的例子有硫羟乙酸甲酯、硫羟乙酸乙酯、硫羟乙酸丙酯、硫羟乙酸异丙酯、硫羟乙酸丁酯、硫羟乙酸异丁酯、硫羟乙酸戊酯、硫羟乙酸异戊酯、硫羟乙酸辛酯、硫羟乙酸环己酯、硫羟乙酸苯酯、硫羟乙酸2-氯乙酯、硫羟乙酸3-氯丙酯、硫代苯甲酸甲酯、硫代苯甲酸乙酯、硫代苯甲酸丙酯、硫代苯甲酸异丙酯、硫代苯甲酸丁酯、硫代苯甲酸异丁酯、硫代苯甲酸戊酯、硫代苯甲酸异戊酯、硫代苯甲酸辛酯、硫代苯甲酸环己酯、硫代苯甲酸苯酯、硫代苯甲酸2-氯乙酯、硫代苯甲酸3-氯丙酯等。
作为内部电子给体的有用的酰胺的例子有甲酰胺、乙酰胺、丙酰胺、异丁酰胺、三甲基乙酰胺、己酰胺、十八酰胺、环己烷基羧酰胺、1-金刚烷基羧酰胺、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、2-氟代乙酰胺、2-氯代乙酰胺、2-溴代乙酰胺、2,2-二氯乙酰胺、2,2,2-三氟乙酰胺、2,2,2-三氯乙酰胺、2-氯代丙酰胺、苯甲酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺、N-乙基甲酰胺、N-丙基甲酰胺、N-丁基甲酰胺、N-异丁基甲酰胺、N-戊基甲酰胺、N-环己基甲酰胺、N-甲酰苯胺、N-甲基乙酰胺、N-乙基乙酰胺、N-丙基乙酰胺、N-丁基乙酰胺、N-异丁基乙酰胺、N-戊基乙酰胺、N-环己基乙酰胺、N-乙酰苯胺、N-甲基丙酰胺、N-乙基丙酰胺、N-丙基丙酰胺、N-丁基丙酰胺、N-异丁基丙酰胺、N-戊基丙酰胺、N-环己基丙酰胺、N-苯基丙酰胺、N-甲基异丁酰胺、N-甲基三甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基己酰胺、N-甲基十八酰胺、N-甲基丙烯酰胺、N-甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-甲基-2-氟代乙酰胺、N-甲基-2-氯代乙酰胺、N-甲基-2-溴代乙酰胺、N-甲基-2,2-二氯乙酰胺、N-甲基-2,2,2-三氟乙酰胺、N-甲基-2,2,2-三氯乙酰胺、N-甲基-2-氯代丙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N,N-二异丙基甲酰胺、N,N-二丁基甲酰胺、N-甲基甲酰苯胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二乙基乙酰胺、N,N-二异丙基乙酰胺、N,N-二丁基乙酰胺、N-甲基乙酰苯胺、N,N-二甲基丙酰胺、N,N-二乙基丙酰胺、N,N-二异丙基丙酰胺、N,N-二丁基丙酰胺、N,N-二甲基异丁酰胺、N,N-二甲基三甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基己酰胺、N,N-二甲基十八酰胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基-2-氟代乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基-2-氯代乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基-2-溴代乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基-2,2-二氯乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基-2,2,2-三氟乙酰胺、N,N-二乙基-2,2,2-三氟乙酰胺、N,N-二异丙基-2,2,2-三氟乙酰胺、N,N-二丁基-2,2,2-三氟乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基-2,2,2-三氯乙酰胺、N,N-二乙基-2,2,2-三氯乙酰胺、N,N-二异丙基-2,2,2-三氯乙酰胺、N,N-二丁基-2,2,2-三氯乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基-2-氯代丙酰胺、1-乙酰基氮杂环丁烷、1-乙酰基吡咯烷、1-乙酰基哌啶、1-乙酰基哌嗪、1-乙酰基哌嗪、1,4-二乙酰基哌嗪等。
作为内部电子给体的有用的酸酐的例子有乙酸酐、丙酸酐、丁酸酐、异丁酸酐、戊酸酐、三甲基乙酸酐、己酸酐、庚酸酐、癸酸酐、十二烷酸酐、十四烷酸酐、十六烷酸酐、十八烷酸酐、二十二烷酸酐、巴豆酸酐、甲基丙烯酸酐、油酸酐、亚油酸酐、氯乙酸酐、碘乙酸酐、二氯乙酸酐、三氟乙酸酐、氯二氟乙酸酐、三氯乙酸酐、五氟丙酸酐、七氟丁酸酐、丁二酸酐、甲基丁二酸酐、2,2-二甲基丁二酸酐、亚甲基丁二酸酐、马来酸酐、戊二酸酐、二甘醇酸酐、苯甲酸酐、苯基丁二酸酐、苯基马来酸酐、高邻苯二酸酐、衣托酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、四氟邻苯二甲酸酐、四溴邻苯二甲酸酐等。
作为内部电子给体的有用的酰基卤的例子有乙酰氯、乙酰溴、氯乙酰氯、二氯乙酰氯、三氯乙酰氯、三氟乙酰氯、三溴乙酰氯、丙酰氯、丙酰溴、丁酰氯、异丁酰氯、三甲基乙酰氯、3-环戊基丙酰氯、2-氯丙酰氯、3-氯丙酰氯、叔丁基乙酰氯、异戊酰氯、己酰氯、庚酰氯、癸酰氯、十二烷酰氯、十四烷酰氯、十六烷酰氯、十八烷酰氯、油酰氯、环戊烷基碳酰氯、乙二酰氯、丙二酰氯、琥珀酰氯戊二酰氯(succinyl chloride glutaryl dichloride)、己二酰氯、庚二酰氯、辛二酰氯、壬二酰氯、癸二酰氯、十二烷二酰二氯、甲氧基乙酰氯、乙酰氧基乙酰氯等。
作为内部电子给体的有用的醛的例子有甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、异丁醛、三甲基乙醛、丁醛、2-甲基丁醛、戊醛、异戊醛、己醛、2-乙基己醛、庚醛、癸醛、巴豆醛、丙烯醛、2-甲基丙烯醛、2-乙基丙烯醛、氯乙醛、碘乙醛、二氯乙醛、三氟乙醛、氯二氟乙醛、三氯乙醛、五氟丙醛、七氟丁醛、苯乙醛、苯甲醛、邻甲苯甲醛、间甲苯甲醛、对甲苯甲醛、反肉桂醛、反-2-硝基肉桂醛、2-溴苯甲醛、2-氯苯甲醛、3-氯苯甲醛、4-氯苯甲醛等。
作为内部电子给体的有用的酮的例子有丙酮、2-丁酮、3-甲基-2-丁酮、频哪酮、2-戊酮、3-戊酮、3-甲基-2-戊酮、4-甲基-2-戊酮、2-甲基-3-戊酮、4,4-二甲基-2-戊酮、2,4-二甲基-3-戊酮、2,2,4,4-四甲基-3-戊酮、2-己酮、3-己酮、5-甲基-2-己酮、2-甲基-3-己酮、2-庚酮、3-庚酮、4-庚酮、2-甲基-3-庚酮、5-甲基-3-庚酮、2,6-二甲基-4-庚酮、2-辛酮、3-辛酮、4-辛酮、苯乙酮、二苯酮、亚异丙基丙酮、六氟丙酮、全氟-2-丁酮、1,1,1-三氯丙酮等。
作为内部电子给体的有用的醇的例子有甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、异丁醇、己醇、庚醇、辛醇、十二烷醇、十八烷醇、2-乙基己醇、苯甲醇、枯基醇、油醇、二苯甲醇、三苯甲醇、苯酚、甲酚、乙苯酚、丙苯酚、枯基苯酚、萘酚、环戊醇、环己醇等。
作为内部电子给体的有用的腈的例子有乙腈、丙腈、丁腈、异丁腈、戊腈、异戊腈、三甲基乙腈、己腈、庚腈、辛腈、壬腈、十一烷腈、丙二腈、丁二腈、戊二腈、己二腈、癸二腈、烯丙基氰、丙烯腈、丁烯腈、2-甲基丙烯腈、富马腈、四氰乙烯、环戊甲腈、环己甲腈、二氯乙腈、氟乙腈、三氯乙腈、苄腈、苯乙腈、2-甲基苯乙腈、2-氯苄腈、3-氯苄腈、4-氯苄腈、邻甲苯基腈、间甲苯基腈、对甲苯基腈等。
作为内部电子给体的有用的膦的例子有三甲基膦、三乙基膦、亚磷酸三甲酯、亚磷酸三乙酯、六甲替磷酰三胺、六甲基磷酰胺、三哌啶子基氧化膦、三苯基膦、三对甲苯基膦、三间甲苯基膦、三邻甲苯基膦、甲基二苯基膦、乙基二苯基膦、异丙基二苯基膦、烯丙基二苯基膦、环己基二苯基膦、苄基二苯基膦、二叔丁基二甲基氨基磷酸酯(-phosphoramidite)、二叔丁基二乙基氨基磷酸酯、二叔丁基二异丙基氨基磷酸酯、二烯丙基二异丙基氨基磷酸酯等。
作为内部电子给体的有用的硅烷的例子有原硅酸四甲酯、原硅酸四乙酯、原硅酸四丙酯、原硅酸四丁酯、三氯甲氧基硅烷、三氯乙氧基硅烷、三氯丙氧基硅烷、三氯异丙氧基硅烷、三氯丁氧基硅烷、三氯异丁氧基硅烷、二氯二甲氧基硅烷、二氯二乙氧基硅烷、二氯二丙氧基硅烷、二氯二异丙氧基硅烷、二氯二丁氧基硅烷、二氯二异丁氧基硅烷、氯代三甲氧基硅烷、氯代三乙氧基硅烷、氯代三丙氧基硅烷、氯代三异丙氧基硅烷、氯代三丁氧基硅烷、氯代三异丁氧基硅烷、二甲基甲氧基硅烷、二乙基甲氧基硅烷、二丙基甲氧基硅烷、二异丙基甲氧基硅烷、二丁基甲氧基硅烷、二异丁基甲氧基硅烷、二戊基甲氧基硅烷、二环戊基甲氧基硅烷、二己基甲氧基硅烷、二环己基甲氧基硅烷、二苯基甲氧基硅烷、二甲基乙氧基硅烷、二乙基乙氧基硅烷、二丙基乙氧基硅烷、二异丙基乙氧基硅烷、二丁基乙氧基硅烷、二异丁基乙氧基硅烷、二戊基乙氧基硅烷、二环戊基乙氧基硅烷、二己基乙氧基硅烷、二环己基乙氧基硅烷、二苯基乙氧基硅烷、三甲基甲氧基硅烷、三乙基甲氧基硅烷、三丙基甲氧基硅烷、三异丙基甲氧基硅烷、三丁基甲氧基硅烷、三异丁基甲氧基硅烷、三戊基甲氧基硅烷、三环戊基甲氧基硅烷、三己基甲氧基硅烷、三环己基甲氧基硅烷、三苯基甲氧基硅烷、三甲基乙氧基硅烷、三乙基乙氧基硅烷、三丙基乙氧基硅烷、三异丙基乙氧基硅烷、三丁基乙氧基硅烷、三异丁基乙氧基硅烷、三戊基乙氧基硅烷、三环戊基乙氧基硅烷、三己基乙氧基硅烷、三环己基乙氧基硅烷、三苯基乙氧基硅烷、二甲基二甲氧基硅烷、二乙基二甲氧基硅烷、二丙基二甲氧基硅烷、二异丙基二甲氧基硅烷、二丁基二甲氧基硅烷、二异丁基二甲氧基硅烷、二戊基二甲氧基硅烷、二环戊基二甲氧基硅烷、二己基二甲氧基硅烷、二环己基二甲氧基硅烷、二苯基二甲氧基硅烷、二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、二乙基二乙氧基硅烷、二丙基二乙氧基硅烷、二异丙基二乙氧基硅烷、二丁基二乙氧基硅烷、二异丁基二乙氧基硅烷、二戊基二乙氧基硅烷、二环戊基二乙氧基硅烷、二己基二乙氧基硅烷、二环己基二乙氧基硅烷、二苯基二乙氧基硅烷、环戊基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、环戊基乙基二甲氧基硅烷、环戊基丙基二甲氧基硅烷、环戊基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、环戊基乙基二乙氧基硅烷、环戊基丙基二乙氧基硅烷、环己基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、环己基乙基二甲氧基硅烷、环己基丙基二甲氧基硅烷、环己基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、环己基乙基二乙氧基硅烷、环己基丙基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、丙基三甲氧基硅烷、异丙基三甲氧基硅烷、丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、叔丁基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、降冰片烷三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、丙基三乙氧基硅烷、异丙基三乙氧基硅烷、丁基三乙氧基硅烷、异丁基三乙氧基硅烷、叔丁基三乙氧基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷、降冰片烷三乙氧基硅烷、2,3-二甲基-2-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丁烷、2,3-二甲基-2-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)丁烷、2,3-二甲基-2-(三丙氧基甲硅烷基)丁烷、2,3-二甲基-2-(三异丙氧基甲硅烷基)丁烷、2,3-二甲基-2-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2,3-二甲基-2-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2,3-二甲基-2-(三丙氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2,3-二甲基-2-(三异丙氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2-甲基-3-乙基-2-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2-甲基-3-乙基-2-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2-甲基-3-乙基-2-(三丙氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2-甲基-3-乙基-2-(三异丙氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2,3,4-三甲基-2-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2,3,4-三甲基-2-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2,3,4-三甲基-2-(三丙氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2,3,4-三甲基-2-(三异丙氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2,3-二甲基-2-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)己烷、2,3-二甲基-2-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)己烷、2,3-二甲基-2-(三丙氧基甲硅烷基)己烷、2,3-二甲基-2-(三异丙氧基甲硅烷基)己烷、2,4-二甲基-3-乙基-2-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2,4-二甲基-3-乙基-2-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2,4-二甲基-3-乙基-2-(三丙氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2,4-二甲基-3-乙基-2-(三异丙氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2,4-二甲基-3-异丙基-2-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2,4-二甲基-3-异丙基-2-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2,4-二甲基-3-异丙基-2-(三丙氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、2,4-二甲基-3-异丙基-2-(三异丙氧基甲硅烷基)戊烷、六甲基二硅醚、1,1,1,3,3,3-六甲基二硅氮烷等。
作为内部电子给体的有用的羧酸的例子有甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、月桂酸、豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、二十烷酸、二十一烷酸、二十七烷酸、异丁酸、2-乙基丁酸、三甲基乙酸、2-甲基丁酸、2,2-二甲基丁酸、乙二酸、丙二酸、甲基丙二酸、乙基丙二酸、丁基丙二酸、二甲基丙二酸、丁二酸、2-甲基丁二酸、2,2-二甲基丁二酸、2-乙基-2-甲基丁二酸、2,3-二甲基丁二酸、戊二酸、2-甲基戊二酸、3-甲基戊二酸、2,2-二甲基戊二酸、2,3-二甲基戊二酸、3,3-二甲基戊二酸、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、乙烯基乙酸、惕各酸、6-庚烯酸、香茅酸、氯乙酸、二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸、氟乙酸、二氟乙酸、三氟乙酸、氯二氟乙酸、苯甲酸、邻甲苯甲酸、间甲苯甲酸、对甲苯甲酸、2-氟苯甲酸、3-氟苯甲酸、4-氟苯甲酸、2-乙氧基苯甲酸、3-乙氧基苯甲酸、4-乙氧基苯甲酸、2-甲氧基苯甲酸、3-甲氧基苯甲酸、4-甲氧基苯甲酸、2-乙基苯甲酸、3-乙基苯甲酸、4-乙基苯甲酸、4-乙烯基苯甲酸、2-丙基苯甲酸、2-异丙基苯甲酸、2-丁基苯甲酸、2-异丁基苯甲酸、2-叔丁基苯甲酸等。
两种或多种上述化合物的混合物在此也可被用作内部电子给体。
加入到本发明的聚合介质中的助催化剂为三甲基铝(TMA)。
如果采用预聚合形式的催化剂,那么这时用于形成预聚物的有机金属助催化剂化合物可以是包含上述元素周期表的1、2、11、12、13和14族金属的任何有机金属化合物。这样的金属的例子是锂、镁、铜、锌、硼、硅等。但是,当采用预聚物时,TMA仍然在聚合介质中被用作助催化剂。
催化剂体系除内部电子给体、过渡金属组分、本文所定义的外部电子给体和TMA助催化剂组分以外,还可包含其它常规组分。例如,可以加入本技术领域内已知的任何镁化合物、任何卤代烃等。
可以通过任何本技术领域内已知的方法制备齐格勒-纳塔催化剂。催化剂的形式可以是溶液、淤浆和干燥自由流动粉末。所用齐格勒-纳塔催化剂的量是足以生成所需量的聚乙烯的量。
在进行本发明的聚合方法时,将TMA以足以生成所需聚乙烯的任何量加入到聚合介质中。优选以这样的量将TMA结合进来,即TMA与齐格勒-纳塔催化剂中过渡金属组分的摩尔比在约1∶1-约100∶1的范围内。在更优选的实施方案中,TMA与过渡金属组分的摩尔比在约1∶1-约50∶1的范围内。
在进行本发明的聚合方法时,以任何方式加入外部电子给体。例如,外部电子给体可以被加到成型催化剂中、在预聚合步骤期间加到预聚物中、加到预成型预聚物和/或聚合介质中。外部电子给体可以任选与TMA助催化剂预混合。将外部电子给体以足以生成所需聚乙烯的任何量加入。优选以这样的量将外部电子给体结合进来,即外部电子给体与齐格勒-纳塔催化剂中过渡金属组分的摩尔比在约0.01∶1-约100∶1的范围内。在更优选的实施方案中,外部电子给体与过渡金属组分的摩尔比在约0.1∶1-约50∶1的范围内。
在进行本发明的聚合方法时,可以加入在烯烃聚合过程中常用的其它常规添加物。特别是可以加入任何卤代烃,包括那些上文中提到的物质,并且优选三氯甲烷。卤代烃与齐格勒-纳塔催化剂中过渡金属组分的摩尔比优选在约0.001∶1-约1∶1的范围内。
可以通过任何已知方法控制用本发明制备的聚乙烯的分子量,例如,通过采用氢。分子量控制可以通过当聚合介质中氢与乙烯的摩尔比增加时聚合物的熔体指数(I2)的增加得到证实。
本发明的聚乙烯可通过本领域内已知的任何技术被制成薄膜。例如,可以通过广为人知的流延薄膜、吹胀薄膜和挤压贴胶技术生产薄膜。
而且,聚乙烯可以通过任何普遍已知的技术被制成其它加工制品,如模制品。
通过参考随后的实施例,将更易于理解本发明。当然,本发明一旦被完全公开则对本领域技术人员而言具有显而易见的许多其它形态,并且相应地应当明确给出这些实施例只是为了举例说明,而不是要以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例
聚合方法
实施例中所采用的聚合方法是在用于气相聚合的流化床反应器内进行的,该反应器由一个直径为0.9米、高度为6米的立式圆筒组成,并在顶部装有降速箱。在反应器的下部装有流化栅(fluidization grid)和用于再循环气体的外部管线,这些管线将降速箱的顶部和反应器下部在低于流化栅的一个点相连。再循环管线配备有用于使气体循环的压缩机和传热装置如热交换器。特别将用于供应代表流经流化床的气态反应混合物的主要成分的乙烯、烯烃如1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、氢和氮的管线加入到循环管线中。在流化栅上面,反应器包含一个由聚乙烯粉末组成的流化床,该聚乙烯粉末由重均直径为约0.5mm-约1.4mm的颗粒构成。包含乙烯、烯烃共聚单体、氢、氮和少量其它组分的气态反应混合物在约290磅/平方英寸[表压]-约300磅/平方英寸[表压]范围内的压力下,以约1.8英尺/秒-约2.0英尺/秒范围内的在此被称为流化速度(fluidization velocity)的递增流化速度(ascending fluidization speed)通过流化床。
而且,在各实施例中,将含有一种内部电子给体的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂间歇引进反应器。所述催化剂含有镁、氯、钛和一种内部电子给体。将催化剂引进反应器的速率调整到适合各给定条件以达到所需的生产速率。聚合期间,将正己烷中的三甲基铝(TMA)溶液在位于传热装置的下游的点连续引进用于循环气态反应混合物的管线。TMA的输入速率以TMA与钛的摩尔比(TMA/Ti)表示,并且被定义为TMA的输入速率(以每小时TMA的摩尔数表示)与催化剂的输入速率(以每小时钛的摩尔数表示)之比。同时,将正己烷中的三氯甲烷(CHCl3)溶液以约0.5%重量的浓度连续引进用于循环气态反应混合物的管线。CHCl3的输入速率以CHCl3与钛的摩尔比(CHCl3/Ti)表示,并且被定义为CHCl3的输入速率(以每小时CHCl3的摩尔数表示)与催化剂的输入速率(以每小时钛的摩尔数表示)之比。
外部电子给体(eED)的输入速率以eED与钛的摩尔比(eED/Ti)表示,并且被定义为eED的输入速率(以每小时eED的摩尔数表示)与催化剂的输入速率(以每小时钛的摩尔数表示)之比。
催化剂的生产能力(生产能力)是加入反应器中的每磅催化剂所生产的聚乙烯的磅数比率。催化剂的活度以每毫摩尔钛每小时每巴乙烯压力的聚乙烯克数表示。
实施例1
以TMA作为助催化剂、以THF作为外部电子给体,采用包含作为内部电子给体的THF的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制备LLDPE
向包含乙烯、1-己烯、氢和氮的上述聚合介质中加入齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂,该催化剂包含镁、钛、氯和作为内部电子给体的THF(四氢呋喃)。以足以激活齐格勒-纳塔催化剂的量加入TMA。向聚合工艺中加入THF作为外部电子给体。获得线性聚乙烯。
实施例2以TMA作为助催化剂、以二丁醚作为外部电子给体,采用包含作为内部电子给体的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制备LLDPE
除了加入二丁醚作为外部电子给体、齐格勒-纳塔催化剂包含邻苯二甲酸二丁酯作为内部电子给体外,遵循实施例1的方法。获得线性聚乙烯。
实施例3以TMA作为助催化剂、以甲基·苯基醚作为外部电子给体,采用包含作为内部电子给体的原硅酸四乙酯的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制备LLDPE
除了加入甲基·苯基醚作为外部电子给体、齐格勒-纳塔催化剂包含原硅酸四乙酯作为内部电子给体外,遵循实施例1的方法。获得线性聚乙烯。
实施例4
以TMA作为助催化剂、以1,3-二甲氧基丙烷作为外部电子给体,采用包含作为内部电子给体的乙醇的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制备LLDPE除了加入1,3-二甲氧基丙烷作为外部电子给体、齐格勒-纳塔催化剂包含乙醇作为内部电子给体外,遵循实施例1的方法。获得线性聚乙烯。
实施例5
以TMA作为助催化剂、以THF作为外部电子给体,采用包含作为内部电子给体的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制备LLDPE除了齐格勒-纳塔催化剂包含N,N-二甲基甲酰胺作为内部电子给体外,遵循实施例1的方法。获得线性聚乙烯。
实施例6
以TMA作为助催化剂、以叔丁基·甲基醚作为外
部电子给体,采用包含作为内部电子给体的六甲
替磷酰三胺的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制备LLDPE除了加入叔丁基·甲基醚作为外部电子给体、齐格勒-纳塔催化剂包含六甲替磷酰三胺作为内部电子给体外,遵循实施例1的方法。获得线性聚乙烯。
实施例7
以TMA作为助催化剂、以叔丁基·甲基醚作为外
部电子给体,采用包含作为内部电子给体的N,N-二
异丙基苯胺的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制备LLDPE
除了加入叔丁基·甲基醚作为外部电子给体、齐格勒-纳塔催化剂包含N,N-二异丙基苯胺作为内部电子给体外,遵循实施例1的方法。获得线性聚乙烯。
实施例8
以TMA作为助催化剂、以二***作为外
部电子给体,采用包含作为内部电子给体的
三氟乙醛的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制备LLDPE
除了加入二***作为外部电子给体、齐格勒-纳塔催化剂包含三氟乙醛作为内部电子给体外,遵循实施例1的方法。获得线性聚乙烯。
实施例9
以TMA作为助催化剂、以二异丙醚作为外
部电子给体,采用包含作为内部电子给体的
频哪酮的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制备LLDPE
除了加入二异丙醚作为外部电子给体、齐格勒-纳塔催化剂包含频哪酮作为内部电子给体外,遵循实施例1的方法。获得线性聚乙烯。
实施例10
以TMA作为助催化剂、以THF作为外
部电子给体,采用包含作为内部电子给体
的乙腈的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制备LLDPE
除了加入THF作为外部电子给体、齐格勒-纳塔催化剂包含乙腈作为内部电子给体外,遵循实施例1的方法。获得线性聚乙烯。
通过制备薄膜的领域内已知的任何方法,易于由本发明的聚乙烯制备薄膜。
物品如模制品也可由本发明的聚乙烯制备。
应当清楚地理解,此处所述的本发明的形式只是为了举例说明,而并非是要限制本发明的范围。本发明包括所有属于随后的权利要求范围内的修改。
Claims (27)
1.一种用于聚合乙烯和/或乙烯和至少一种或多种其它烯烃的方法,它包括在聚合条件下,使乙烯和/或乙烯和至少一种或多种其它烯烃与含至少一种或多种内部电子给体的齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂,其中内部电子给体所存在的量由内部电子给体与齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂中的过渡金属化合物的摩尔比表示,为1∶1-约1000∶1、三甲基铝和选自式1、式2、式3和式4的含有至少一个碳-氧-碳键(C-O-C)的至少一种或多种外部电子给体化合物相接触,
式1:
R1-CH2-O-CH2-R2
式3:
R5-O-R6
和式4:
R7-O(-R8-O)n-R9,
其中n的范围为1-30;
R1和R2独立地选自氢、包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的饱和和不饱和脂肪烃基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子、包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的取代和非取代芳基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子;
R3和R4被连接形成环或多环结构的一部分,并且为烃,它们独立地选自包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的饱和和不饱和脂肪烃基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子、包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的取代和非取代芳基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子;
R5选自包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的取代和非取代芳基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子;
R6、R7、R8和R9独立地选自包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的饱和和不饱和脂肪烃基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子、和包含1-30个碳原子和0-30个杂原子的取代和非取代芳基,该杂原子是选自元素周期表的13、14、15、16和17族的一种元素的原子或多种元素的混合的原子。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述至少一种或多种内部电子给体选自醚、硫醚、胺、酯、硫代酸酯、酰胺、酸酐、酰基卤、醛、酮、醇、腈、膦、硅烷和羧酸。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中所述至少一种或多种内部电子给体选自醚、酯、醇和硅烷。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中所述至少一种或多种外部电子给体化合物选自四氢呋喃、二***、二丙醚、甲基·丙基醚、二丁醚、二辛醚、氧杂环丁烷和四氢吡喃。
5.权利要求1的方法,它进一步包括卤代烃的存在。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中所述卤代烃为三氯甲烷。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中所述齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂包括一种过渡金属化合物,该化合物中的金属选自本文所定义的元素周期表的4、5、6、7、8、9和10族的金属。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中所述过渡金属化合物的金属选自钛、锆、钒和铬。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中所述过渡金属化合物的金属为钛。
10.权利要求1的方法,它进一步包括结合在齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂中的镁和氯的存在。
11.权利要求7的方法,它进一步包括结合在齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂中的镁和氯的存在。
12.权利要求5的方法,其中所述卤代烃以卤代烃与齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂中过渡金属组分的在约0.001∶1-约1∶1范围内的摩尔比加入。
13.权利要求1的方法,其中三甲基铝以三甲基铝与齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂中过渡金属组分的在约1∶1-约100∶1范围内的摩尔比加入。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中所述三甲基铝与齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂中过渡金属组分的摩尔比在约1∶1-约50∶1范围内。
15.权利要求1的方法,其中所述外部电子给体化合物以外部电子给体化合物与齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂中过渡金属组分的在约0.01∶1-约100∶1范围内的摩尔比加入。
16.权利要求15的方法,其中所述外部电子给体化合物与齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂中过渡金属组分的摩尔比在约0.1∶1-约50∶1范围内。
17.权利要求1的方法,其中聚合条件为气相。
18.权利要求1的方法,其中聚合条件为溶液相。
19.权利要求1的方法,其中聚合条件为淤浆相。
20.权利要求1的方法,其中所述至少一种或多种其它烯烃为具有3-16个碳原子的烯烃。
21.权利要求20的方法,其中所述至少一种或多种其它烯烃选自1-辛烯、1-己烯、4-甲基戊-1-烯、1-戊烯、1-丁烯和丙烯。
22.权利要求1的方法,其中由乙烯和至少一种或多种烯烃聚合产生的共聚物包括占共聚物至少约70%重量的乙烯。
23.权利要求1的方法,其中所述齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂包含钛、镁和氯。
24.权利要求23的方法,它进一步包括卤代烃的存在。
25.权利要求23的方法,其中聚合条件为气相。
26.一种薄膜,它是由按照权利要求1制备的聚乙烯制成的。
27.一种制品,它是由按照权利要求1制备的聚乙烯制成的。
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CN102286118A (zh) * | 2010-06-18 | 2011-12-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种用于烯烃聚合的含钛的固体催化剂组分及催化剂 |
CN102781971A (zh) * | 2010-03-04 | 2012-11-14 | 巴塞尔聚烯烃意大利有限责任公司 | 用于烯烃聚合的催化剂组分 |
CN105622801A (zh) * | 2014-11-06 | 2016-06-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种用于乙烯聚合的催化剂组分、催化剂及其制备方法 |
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ATE272657T1 (de) * | 1999-03-03 | 2004-08-15 | Eastman Chem Co | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyethylen |
JP5283808B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-30 | 2013-09-04 | 住友化学株式会社 | エチレン重合用触媒およびエチレン重合体の製造方法 |
CN1194993C (zh) * | 2002-06-06 | 2005-03-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 用于乙烯聚合的固体催化剂组分及其催化剂 |
US7427653B2 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2008-09-23 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.P.A | Catalyst components for the polymerization of olefins |
CN1938340A (zh) * | 2004-04-07 | 2007-03-28 | 联合碳化化学及塑料技术公司 | 烯烃聚合前催化剂组合物及其制备方法 |
BRPI0815246A2 (pt) | 2007-08-24 | 2015-03-31 | Dow Global Technologies Inc | Composição de catalisador |
CN101671410B (zh) * | 2008-09-11 | 2011-12-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 用于烯烃聚合的催化剂组分及其催化剂 |
CN102781970B (zh) * | 2010-03-04 | 2015-08-12 | 巴塞尔聚烯烃意大利有限责任公司 | 用于烯烃聚合的催化剂组分 |
CN107778392A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种用于乙烯聚合的催化剂组分及其制备方法和催化剂 |
RU2692246C1 (ru) * | 2017-06-15 | 2019-06-24 | Индийская Нефтяная Корпорация Лимитэд | Внешний донор для полимеризации олефинов |
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JPS617306A (ja) * | 1984-06-22 | 1986-01-14 | Tokuyama Soda Co Ltd | ポリオレフインの製造方法 |
EP0197311B1 (en) * | 1985-03-08 | 1991-12-18 | Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Process for polymerizing ethylene |
JPS63146905A (ja) * | 1986-12-11 | 1988-06-18 | Idemitsu Petrochem Co Ltd | オレフイン重合体の製造方法 |
FR2640273B1 (fr) * | 1988-12-14 | 1992-09-04 | Atochem | Procede de polymerisation en phase gazeuse de l'ethylene permettant la fabrication de polyethylene lineaire de distribution etroite de masse moleculaire |
JPH044206A (ja) * | 1990-04-23 | 1992-01-08 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | オレフィン重合体の製造法 |
IT1271344B (it) * | 1994-12-29 | 1997-05-27 | Spherilene Srl | Catalizzatori per la (co) polimerizzazione dell'etilene |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102781971A (zh) * | 2010-03-04 | 2012-11-14 | 巴塞尔聚烯烃意大利有限责任公司 | 用于烯烃聚合的催化剂组分 |
CN102781971B (zh) * | 2010-03-04 | 2015-03-11 | 巴塞尔聚烯烃意大利有限责任公司 | 用于烯烃聚合的催化剂组分 |
CN102286118A (zh) * | 2010-06-18 | 2011-12-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种用于烯烃聚合的含钛的固体催化剂组分及催化剂 |
CN102286118B (zh) * | 2010-06-18 | 2013-02-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种用于烯烃聚合的含钛的固体催化剂组分及催化剂 |
CN105622801A (zh) * | 2014-11-06 | 2016-06-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种用于乙烯聚合的催化剂组分、催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN105622801B (zh) * | 2014-11-06 | 2018-08-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种用于乙烯聚合的催化剂组分、催化剂及其制备方法 |
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DE69933139T2 (de) | 2007-09-13 |
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JP2002538244A (ja) | 2002-11-12 |
WO2000052068A1 (en) | 2000-09-08 |
KR100582313B1 (ko) | 2006-05-22 |
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EP1159315B1 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
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