CN1335920A - 照明设备,光学元件以及照明物体的方法 - Google Patents

照明设备,光学元件以及照明物体的方法 Download PDF

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CN1335920A
CN1335920A CN00801826A CN00801826A CN1335920A CN 1335920 A CN1335920 A CN 1335920A CN 00801826 A CN00801826 A CN 00801826A CN 00801826 A CN00801826 A CN 00801826A CN 1335920 A CN1335920 A CN 1335920A
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M·H·科伊珀
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    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
    • F21K9/69—Details of refractors forming part of the light source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/007—Array of lenses or refractors for a cluster of light sources, e.g. for arrangement of multiple light sources in one plane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
    • F21K9/68—Details of reflectors forming part of the light source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S2/00—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction
    • F21S2/005—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction of modular construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/04—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V17/00—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages
    • F21V17/10—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening
    • F21V17/12—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening by screwing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F21V29/83—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks the elements having apertures, ducts or channels, e.g. heat radiation holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V31/00—Gas-tight or water-tight arrangements
    • F21V31/005—Sealing arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/02—Refractors for light sources of prismatic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • F21V5/043—Refractors for light sources of lens shape the lens having cylindrical faces, e.g. rod lenses, toric lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
    • F21W2131/103—Outdoor lighting of streets or roads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/40—Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use
    • F21W2131/405—Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use for shop-windows or displays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F21Y2103/10—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes comprising a linear array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
    • F21Y2105/10—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Led Device Packages (AREA)
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  • Securing Globes, Refractors, Reflectors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种照明设备,包括一组主要设在第一平面中的光源(3)尤其是LED,以及一组主要设在基本上与第一平面平行的第二平面中的基本上相同的光学元件(7)。其中一个光源相对于对着所述光源的光学元件(7)的位置与其它光源之一相对于对着其它光源的光学元件的位置不同。

Description

照明设备，光学元件以及照明物体的方法
本发明涉及一种包含一组光源和一组光学元件的照明设备。所述的照明设备具体地说是一种由发光二极管(LED)构成的光源。
这种照明设备可以用作例如街道照明或用来在商店橱窗中照明物体。由于LED变得越来越有效且功率强大，所以为了所述目的而采用LED的可能性不断增大，从而用于所要求的光输出所需要的LED的数量不断减少。已知的是将每个LED安放在光学元件或其自己的透镜后面，这样每个LED的光就能够被引导到所要照明的街道或物体处。
这种照明设备存在的缺点在于单独的LED与相应的透镜的光分布不是被均匀地分布的，这是由LED的入射光不是均匀地分布的这个事实引起的。由于整个光束是这些单独的不均匀地分布的光束的总和，所以最终结果也是一种非均匀地分布的光束。
本发明的目的在于减轻上述缺点，提供一种具有分布更均匀的光束的照明设备。
为了实现这个目的，根据本发明的照明设备包含：一组突出地设在第一平面中的光源；以及一组突出地设在第二平面中的光源，第二平面大致与第一平面平行，至少一个光源相对于对着所述光源的光学元件的位置与其它光源之一相对于对着所述其它光源的光学元件的位置不同。由于单独的LED相对于引导其光线的光学元件的位置总是不同的，所以其效果和当在不同的位置中通过不同的LED照明一个光学元件的时候所获得效果是相同的。因此，结果导致入射在光学元件上的光更加均匀地分布，并且向外发出的光分布更加均匀。本发明的另一个优点在于，选择光源的数量可以与光学元件的数量无关。因此，照明设备的光强可以更加容易通过添加或去掉光源来调节，或者通过将它们打开或关上来调节，而不会影响所要求的光图案。
光源组和光学元件组最好形成矩阵，这些矩阵具有基本相同的尺寸，而两个矩阵的列数和/或行数是不同的。一个矩阵的行数和/或列数比另一个矩阵的行数和或列数超出1的实施方案在实际中产生出良好的结果。通过这种矩阵布置，就能够获得一种能容易制造的照明设备。
这些光源最好是平行光源。通过这样引导来自每一个LED的光以获得平行光束，并在光线入射在光学元件组上之前通过反射和/或衍射，从而获得光分布更加精确的向外发出的光束。
这些光学元件最好是矩形的，并且在它们周边的至少一部分上方相互邻接。由于其优点，就能够确保由LED发出的整个光束通过光学元件组，这样就没有光损失。
这些光学元件最好在一个侧面或两个侧面上设有具有不同的倾斜角的斜面。倾斜角最好由物体应该被照射出的照明图案中计算出。由于其优点，就有可能产生出一种非常复杂且精确的光分布以满足用户的具体要求。这种光学元件甚至可以投影文本。
在优选的实施方案中，这些光学元件具有锯齿形结构，其斜面由基本上平行的棱镜形成。沿着在光学元件的平面中的方向所看的棱镜最好具有弯曲的侧面。这些棱镜能够容易通过金属切削工具被设在透镜或透镜矩阵上。
本发明还涉及一种光学元件，该光学元件在一个侧面或两个侧面上设有具有不同的倾斜角的斜面。
本发明还涉及一种照明物体的方法，其中将一组光源突出地安放在第一平面，并且将一组基本上相同的光学元件突出地安放在大致与第一平面平行的第二平面中，至少一个光源相对于对着所述光源的光学元件被布置在与其它光源之一相对于对着所述其它光源的光学元件的位置不同的位置中。
参照下述实施方案将能够阐明本发明的这些和其它方面并使它们清楚。
在这些附图中：
图1为已知的照明设备的平面示意图；
图2为沿着图1中所示的照明设备的II-II线剖开的剖视图；
图3显示出光学元件；
图4为照明设备的平面示意图；并且
图5概略地显示出在图4中所示照明设备的效果。
图1概略地显示出已知的照明设备的平面图，并且图2是沿着II-II线剖开的剖视图。该照明设备包括容纳了25个LED组件2的箱形外壳1。每一个这些组件2都包括发光二极管(LED)3和准直透镜4，该组件通过反射和衍射使得LED的光线成为平行光束。向外发出的平行光束基本上与LED组件2的对称轴5平行。这些LED组件2中的每一个都具有对称轴5，它们的轴线沿着相互平行的方向延伸。
外壳1具有设有其对称轴线与LED组件2的对称轴线5一致的25个光学元件或透镜7的盖6。每个透镜7的出口平面设有锯齿形结构8，用于使由对应的LED3产生出的向外发出的光折射。单独的透镜7可以这样取向：所折射的光束沿着平行的方向延伸。然而还可以使单独的透镜7以这样的方式取向：得到不同的所要求的照明图案，例如在图1中所示的图案。而且对于不同的LED组件2，还可以采用具有不同的折射功率的锯齿形结构。还可以使用不同类型的LEDs3，这样就能够获得所要求的颜色和/或强度图案。
图3显示出一种可以应用在本发明中的矩形光学元件17。所述光学元件17包括由透明材料制成的平板，其中通过铣削在一侧上形成一排棱镜18。这些棱镜18还可以设在光学元件的两侧上。在每个铣削位置处，光学元件的表面具有对于每个棱镜18来说不同的角度α以及根据特定的功能沿着棱镜18的长度变化的角度β，这样沿着光学元件的平面中的方向看该透镜是弯曲的。来自LED的光折射的方向因此取决于光线进入光学元件的位置。角度α和角度β的变量通过计算机由要在所照射的物体上产生出的所要求的光图案计算出。该图案可能非常复杂；人们甚至发现可以通过这种光学元件来投影文本。
这样一种光学元件或者用于这样一种元件的矩阵可以通过以下方法被容易地制造出：将一片矩形材料以特定的角度α夹在铣削机上，然后铣削出第一棱镜，凭此该铣削切割机跟随一条确定了角度β的变量的路线。接着以相应的方式铣削出所有随后的棱镜。
根据图4，如图1和2所示25个LED组件以5×5的矩阵被布置在外壳中。然而在这种情况中，盖子没有以相应的5×5的透镜矩阵来形成而是以如图3所示的2×4的相同的矩形光学元件17形成。
如果光源矩阵的行数和列数分别被称作Nsr和Nsc，并且沿着两个方向的LEDs之间的间距被分别称作Wsr和Wsc，并且透镜矩阵的行数和列数被分别称作NIr和Nlc，光学元件的尺寸被分别称作WIr和WIc，假设两个矩阵都具有相同的尺寸的话，则可以应用下列等式：
Nsr×Wsr＝Nlr×Wlr
Nsc×Wsc＝Nlc×Wlc
该等式确定了光学元件的尺寸和LED组件之间的距离之间的关系。
在这个实施例中，应用了下式：
Nsr＝5，Nsc＝5，Nlr＝2和nlc＝4
这样一种布置的结果在于，LED组件2总是处于相对于光学元件17的不同位置中，并且这种布置的效果可与如图5所示的将所有LED组件安放在一个光学元件17后面并与光学元件间隔非常小的位置处所得到的效果相比。然而由于LED组件2的尺寸的原因，所以该布置在物理上是不可能的。这样，就得到了光学元件17的非常均匀的分布以及分布非常均匀的光束。
所可能的结果可以通过选择LED矩阵和透镜矩阵的行数和列数成不同来实现，即Nsr≠Nlr并且Nsc≠Nlc，最优的结果在理论上可以通过选择行数和列数的差只为1来实现。然而生产-技术原因可以辩论采用不同的数目。

Claims (15)

1.一种照明设备，包括一组突出地设在第一平面中的光源以及一组突出地设在基本上与第一平面平行的第二平面中的基本上相同的光学元件，至少一个光源相对于对着所述光源的光学元件的位置与其它光源之一相对于对着其它光源的光学元件的位置不同。
2.如权利要求1所述的照明设备，其特征在于，光源组和光学元件组都形成一种矩阵，这些矩阵具有基本上相同的尺寸，而这两个矩阵的行数和列数不同。
3.如权利要求2所述的照明设备，其特征在于，一个矩阵的行数和列数比另一个矩阵的行数和列数超出1。
4.如前面权利要求1至3任一所述的照明设备，其特征在于，光源是平行光源。
5.如前面权利要求1至4任一所述的照明设备，其特征在于，光源是发光二极管(LED)。
6.如前面权利要求1至5任一所述的照明设备，其特征在于，光学元件是矩形的。
7.如前面权利要求1至6任一所述的照明设备，其特征在于，光学元件在它们周边的至少一部分上是相互邻接的。
8.如前面权利要求1至7任一所述的照明设备，其特征在于，光学元件在一个或两个侧面上设有具有不同倾斜角的斜面。
9.如权利要求8所述的照明设备，其特征在于，光学元件具有锯齿形结构，其斜面由基本上平行的棱镜形成。
10.如权利要求9所述的照明设备，其特征在于，沿着光学元件的平面中的方向看，透镜具有弯曲的侧面。
11.一种在一个或两个侧面上设有斜面的光学元件，其特征在于，所述斜面具有不同的倾斜角。
12.如权利要求11所述的光学元件，其特征在于，光学元件具有锯齿形结构，这些斜面由基本上平行的棱镜形成。
13.如权利要求11或12所述的光学元件，其特征在于，沿着光学元件的平面中的方向看棱镜具有弯曲的侧面。
14.一种照明物体的方法，其中将一组光源突出地设在第一平面中，并且将一组基本上相同的光学元件突出地设在基本上与第一平面平行的第二平面中，至少一个光源相对于对着所述光源的光学元件的位置与其它光源之一相对于对着其它光源的光学元件的位置不同。
15.一种如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，光学元件在其一个或两个侧面上设有具有不同的倾斜角的斜面，所述倾斜角是由要照射在物体上的照明图案计算出的。
CN00801826A 1999-08-27 2000-08-07 照明设备,光学元件以及照明物体的方法 Pending CN1335920A (zh)

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DE60037178T2 (de) 2008-09-18
EP1125085A1 (en) 2001-08-22
US6554451B1 (en) 2003-04-29
JP5048190B2 (ja) 2012-10-17
KR100799384B1 (ko) 2008-01-30
WO2001016524A1 (en) 2001-03-08
DE60037178D1 (de) 2008-01-03
JP2003508798A (ja) 2003-03-04
EP1125085B1 (en) 2007-11-21
TW457732B (en) 2001-10-01

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