CN1324302C - 用于一个球窝接头的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置 - Google Patents

用于一个球窝接头的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置 Download PDF

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CN1324302C
CN1324302C CNB038062542A CN03806254A CN1324302C CN 1324302 C CN1324302 C CN 1324302C CN B038062542 A CNB038062542 A CN B038062542A CN 03806254 A CN03806254 A CN 03806254A CN 1324302 C CN1324302 C CN 1324302C
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ball
tip
rotation
measurement mechanism
angle measurement
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CN1643343A (zh
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J·克鲁泽
J·斯普拉特
M·克兰克
O·哈格多恩
H·德特施
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ZF Lemfoerder GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
    • B60G17/019—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the type of sensor or the arrangement thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/344—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using polarisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/11—Mounting of sensors thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/416—Ball or spherical joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2401/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
    • B60G2401/14—Photo or light sensitive means, e.g. Infrared
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2401/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
    • B60G2401/17—Magnetic/Electromagnetic

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于一个球窝接头的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置，其中至少一个磁铁(2)，尤其是一个永久磁铁设置在铰接球(1a)里面，其中一个显示装置(4)通过磁光效应显示至少一个磁铁(2)的磁场，一个图像获取装置(10)获取由显示装置(4)所显示的信息，一个数据处理单元借助于所获取的信息计算出球窝接头的球面轴颈(1)与球形衬套(3)的相对位置。

Description

用于一个球窝接头的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于一个球窝接头的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置。
背景技术
球窝接头是重要的机械结构部件，因为它们允许三个自由度。在这里只示例性地列举操纵杆和汽车结构部件作为两个典型的球窝接头应用。但是目前旋转和倾翻角度的测量对于球窝接头的使用是一个重要的问题。为了测量旋转角已知许多旋转角传感器。它们大多使用一个静止的磁场，在其中设置一个传感器，其电阻根据球窝接头的旋转运动改变。这种传感器的缺陷是，它们仅获得旋转运动而不能一起获得球窝接头的倾翻运动。如果要一起获得倾翻运动，就必需使多个传感器费事地耦联。
由欧洲专利文献EP 0 617 260 B1已知一个具有一个耐磁传感器的测量装置，用于无接触地连续地测量一个汽车车身的位置变化，其中一个永久磁铁设置在一个球窝接头球头的上部最高点上而传感器设置在球窝接头槽开孔的最高点的下部。
以霍耳传感器原理工作的传感器的缺陷是相对于外部的磁场和温度变化具有很高的灵敏性。在使用霍耳传感器时也显示出不能补偿励磁老化的缺陷。此外旋转和倾翻角度的计算是非常费事的，并且在大多数情况下需要存储一个特性曲线族。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是，提供一种在其结构上相对简单的传感器或者说简单的传感器布置，通过它可以获得球窝接头的旋转和倾翻角度。
按照本发明这个目的的技术解决方案在于一种用于一个球窝接头的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置，该球窝接头具有一个可旋转和摆动地支承在一个球形衬套里面的且具有一个铰接球和一个轴颈的球面轴颈，其中至少一个磁铁设置在铰接球里面，其特征在于一个以磁光效应为基础的显示装置用于显示至少一个磁铁的磁场，一个图像获取装置用于获取由显示装置所显示的信息和一个数据处理单元用于借助于所获取的信息计算出球面轴颈相对于球形衬套的位置；其中，一个磁光板作为显示装置设置在球窝接头的球形衬套的外部或者构成轴承套的一个集成组成部件，通过一个光源以偏振电磁波在某个角度下照射所述光板，这样设置一个作为图像获取单元的光学传感器，使由光板反射的电磁波在穿过至少一个极化滤波器之后落到光学传感器上。
汽车工业对传感器有极大兴趣，它们检测车轮相对于道路的位置。所述球窝接头构成这个位置。例如将球窝接头用于汽车前轴，其中球窝接头例如设置在车轮悬挂臂与车轮轴承外壳之间。通过转向运动使球窝接头旋转。而在悬架弹簧跳动时球窝接头执行一个倾翻运动。
按照本发明的装置不仅能够获得球窝接头的旋转运动而且也能够获得倾翻运动，其中传感器有利地无接触地工作。本发明规定，将至少一个磁铁设置在铰接球或球面轴颈的上面或里面。由此产生的磁场通过磁光效应是可见的。然后由一个光学检测装置获得可见的磁场，其中通过相对于初始位置变化的磁场可以获得球窝接头的旋转或倾翻。
有利的是将两个永久磁铁相互平行地且以一定的距离设置在铰接球的极区。所述磁铁在原理上可以由各种任意材料制成并具有一个任意的尤其杆状的形状。有利的是使用NdFeB-磁铁，它们具有一个1mm直径和2mm长度，其中一个磁铁以其北极对准铰接球的表面而另一磁铁以其南极对准铰接球的表面。所述铰接球的极区可以削平。由此在球外表面与球形衬套之间产生一个空间，该空间可以作为润滑空间或润滑坑。只要这可以削得比较平坦空间被润滑油充满就能够保证球窝接头持续不断地自动润滑。对于球窝接头的这种结构能够使磁光板形式的显示装置直接设置在润滑空间的后面或者其本身构成润滑空间的一个壁板区。在后一种情况下由磁铁产生的磁场有利地不穿过轴承套的材料产生负面的影响或偏转。由此可以相对精确地显示或检测至少一个磁铁产生的磁场。所述显示装置也可以位于球窝接头外壳上或者与这个外壳一体地构成。
所述显示装置有利地具有一个磁光传感层，它如上所述按照本发明紧邻尤其只以几毫米或十分之几毫米的距离相对于磁铁设置。该显示装置例如在加工轴承套期间组合在轴承套里面或一起成形。但是它也可以作为独立的模块与光学检测和/或计算装置一起固定在轴承套上。
为了更好地检测球窝接头的旋转和倾翻，所述磁铁相互间不能够太紧密地设置。在此该距离也取决于磁光传感层的距离和厚度。
附图说明
下面借助于附图详细描述按照本发明的实施例。
图1以横截面图示出一个具有按照本发明的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置的球窝接头；
图1a示出一个永久磁铁在一个铰接球中的可选择的布置；
图2示出借助于磁光效应两个在图1中所示的永久磁铁产生的磁场，其中球窝接头位于其初始位置；
图3示出对于在X方向上倾翻的球窝接头所显示的磁场；
图4示出对于在Y方向上倾翻的球窝接头所显示的磁场；
图5示出对于在Y方向上倾翻同时旋转的球窝接头所显示的磁场。
具体实施方式
图1示出一个具有按照本发明的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置的球窝接头的横截面图。所述球窝接头由一个球面轴颈1构成，它通过其成形在轴颈1b上的铰接球1a位于一个轴承套(球形衬套)3里面。所述铰接球1a的极面1c是削平的，因此在铰接球1a与轴承套3之间存在一个自由空间3a，它可以用来作为润滑空间或润滑坑。在铰接球1a里面在极区设置两个相互平行间隔的永久磁铁2，其中一个永久磁铁2以其北极N而另一永久磁铁2以其南极S对准或指向极面1c方向。永久磁铁2或者可以装进凹口里面并例如通过粘接剂与铰接球1a固定连接。但是也可以在加工球面轴颈1期间使磁铁2一起成形或浇铸。
在极面下部或紧靠磁铁2设置磁光板形式的显示装置4。在图1中润滑空间3a以及轴承套3的材料位于磁光板4与磁铁之间。在一个可选择的实施例中同样可以使磁光板4构成润滑空间3a的一个壁板区，因此没有轴承套材料位于磁光板4与磁铁2之间。以法拉第磁光效应为基础的磁光板通过文献已经充分描述过，因此在此不再赘述。所述光板根据磁场强度改变其光学特性。所述磁铁2产生一个磁场，使得磁场强度在光板上变化。如果照射光板，则根据磁场反射不同的电磁波，因此能够在反射的光程中检测一个图形，该图形的形状可以通过光板范围内的磁场推断出来，由此可以再计算球窝接头的相对位置。为了照射光板使用一个发光机构5，其射线S通过一个镜头6和一个极化镜7以一个角度出现在光板4上，从那里射线相应地或根据在各反射点上占优势的磁场或多或少地良好反射并通过一个称为检偏振器8的极化滤波器和一个镜头9到达图像获取传感器10。所述极化镜7和检偏振器8相互间旋转45°角设置。在图1中未示出借助于所获得的图像信息推测出球窝接头的旋转或倾翻的电子计算装置。在图2至5中示例性地示出由图像获取传感器或图像获取装置10转换成数字信号的图像信息。
所述照明机构5可以由发光二极管(LED)或由其它外置的光源构成，其射线例如通过光导体传导到所需的位置。所述图像获取装置例如可以是市场上常见的CCD芯片(CCD＝ charge  coupled  device≈电荷耦合元件)。
图1a示出一个单个永久磁铁2′在一个铰接球1a′的极区中的可选择的布置。对于这个实施例所述磁铁2′平行于削平的极面设置，使得其南极和北极在未示出的光板处产生必需的磁场强度差。
图2示出可获得的图像信息11，它在一个光板上通过磁场强度差给出。在此所述球窝接头位于其零位，即，既不旋转也不倾翻。一个永久磁铁的北极产生一个正的法拉第旋转，而南极产生一个负的法拉第旋转。由于极化镜7和检偏振器8相互间旋转45°角设置，使图形特性曲线是线性的，由此使获得图像信息的传感器(CCD传感器)根据磁化的磁极或多或少地检测光线。因此一个磁铁的北极产生一个暗色的斑点MD而南极产生一个明亮的斑点MH。只要已知暗色和明亮斑点MD和MH的初始位置，就可以如图3至5所示，从其相对移动计算出球窝接头的旋转和倾翻。
在图3至5中用虚线示出明亮和暗色斑点MD和MH的初始位置。优选将这些初始位置按照下面的度量标准存储在一个只读存储器里面。图3示出球窝接头在X方向上的倾翻。暗色斑点MD′以及明亮斑点MH′两个都向右游离或移动一个偏移长度dx。由移动距离dx对于已知的球窝接头几何尺寸以及旋转倾翻检测装置可以计算出倾翻。暗色和明亮斑点MD″和MH″在Y方向上类似地移动，如图4所示。
一旦球窝接头倾翻和旋转，斑点MDMH的相对位置就相对于初始位置更新，其中通过相对移动或距离dx′，dx″以及dy′和dy″可以计算出旋转角α以及在X和Y方向上的倾翻。所述球窝接头的旋转角α在此通过移动的斑点MD和MH以及虚线所示斑点的连线之间的角度给出。
不言而喻，也可以使用多于两个的永久磁铁。但是在此要注意，两个磁铁之间的距离不要选择得太小，由此可以使明亮和暗色斑点通过图像处理软件更足够清晰地获得，因此能够精确地计算出结果或球窝接头的位置。
按照本发明的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置当然可以用于所有种类和结构形式的球窝接头。
附图标记清单
1               球面轴颈
1a，1a′        铰接球
1b              轴颈
1c              极面
2，2′          永久磁铁
3               球形衬套(轴承套)
3a              自由空间
4               显示装置(磁光板)
5               发光机构
6               镜头
7               极化镜
8               极化滤波器
9               镜头
10              图像获取传感器
11              图像信息
S               射线
MD，MD′，MD″  暗色斑点
MH，MH′，MH″  明亮斑点
dx，dx′，dx″  X方向上的位移
dy，dy′，dy″  Y方向上的位移
α                              旋转角

Claims (9)

1.一种用于一个球窝接头的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置，该球窝接头具有一个可旋转和摆动地支承在一个球形衬套(3)里面的且具有一个铰接球(1a)和一个轴颈(1b)的球面轴颈(1)，其中至少一个磁铁(2)设置在铰接球(1a)里面，其特征在于一个以磁光效应为基础的显示装置(4)用于显示至少一个磁铁(2)的磁场，一个图像获取装置(10)用于获取由显示装置(4)所显示的信息和一个数据处理单元用于借助于所获取的信息计算出球面轴颈(1)相对于球形衬套(3)的位置；其中，一个磁光板作为显示装置(4)设置在球窝接头的球形衬套(3)的外部或者构成球形衬套的一个集成组成部件，通过一个光源(5)以偏振电磁波(S)在某个角度下照射所述光板(4)，这样设置一个作为图像获取装置(10)的光学传感器，使由光板(4)反射的电磁波(S)在穿过至少一个极化滤波器(8)之后落到光学传感器上。
2.如权利要求1所述的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置，其特征在于，至少两个永久磁铁(2)相邻且相互间隔地设置在铰接球(1a)里面，其中每个永久磁铁(2)的一个北极和一个南极中的至少一个极面对铰接球(1a)的表面。
3.如权利要求1所述的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置，其特征在于，将镜头(6，9)设置在使电磁波(S)成束和/或聚焦的光程里面。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置，其特征在于，由数据处理单元借助于通过显示装置(4)显示的明亮和/或暗色位置(MD，MD′，MD″；MH，MH′MH″)的相对变化和/或绝对位置(dx，dx′，dx″；dy，dy′，dy″)获得球窝接头的旋转角和/或倾翻角，所述明亮和/或暗色位置通过一个或多个磁铁(2)的至少两个磁极产生。
5.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置，其特征在于，通过所述旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置来获得一个汽车的悬架弹簧高度。
6.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置，其特征在于，所述显示装置(4)向外隔离成一个润滑空间(3a)。
7.如权利要求6所述的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置，其特征在于，所述显示装置(4)构成润滑空间(3a)的一个壁板区。
8.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置，其特征在于，所述显示装置(4)成形、浇铸在所述球形衬套(3)里面或固定在这个球形衬套上。
9.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置，其特征在于，所述球面轴颈(1)由铁磁材料制成。
CNB038062542A 2002-09-18 2003-09-17 用于一个球窝接头的旋转和/或倾翻角度测量装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1324302C (zh)

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US7171330B2 (en) 2007-01-30
US20050007225A1 (en) 2005-01-13
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