CN1317782C - Multiple sulpho conjugated polymer for lithium battery anode material - Google Patents
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- CN1317782C CN1317782C CNB021208468A CN02120846A CN1317782C CN 1317782 C CN1317782 C CN 1317782C CN B021208468 A CNB021208468 A CN B021208468A CN 02120846 A CN02120846 A CN 02120846A CN 1317782 C CN1317782 C CN 1317782C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a polysulfo-conjugated polymer anode active substance which has a high specific capacity and is used for the anode materials of lithium batteries. The anode active substance of the present invention is prepared from polyhalogeno-conjugated polymers and alkali metal polysulfide in a polar solvent. Each constitutional repeating unit of polysulfo-polymers is connected with polysulfur chains-(Sm)p-through carbon-sulfur bonds. The anode material has an initial specific capacity higher than 500 mAh/g and also has favorable cycle performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a positive active substance of a positive material, namely a poly-thio conjugated polymer, and an application of the positive active substance in a lithium battery.
Background
With the rapid development of social economy and the change of science and technology, lithium batteries are widely applied to the social, scientific and technological fields such as communication tools, office equipment, instrument remote sensing and the like, and military fields. The characteristics of high specific capacity, long cycle life or high specific power, safety, no pollution and the like are the development direction of the battery in the future. It is well known that sulfides containing S-S functional groups can undergo redox reactions as follows: based on this property, this class of S — S functional group-containing materials can be used as a positive electrode active material for a battery. Elemental sulfur has a small electrochemical equivalent, is inexpensive and has little toxicity, and has been used as a positive electrode material for alkali metal/sulfur batteries, such as US 3,532,543; 3,907,591, respectively; 4,469,761, respectively; rauh, et al, j.electrochem.soc., 1979, 126(4), 523-527; yamin, et al, J.electrochem.Soc., 1988, 135(5), 1045-1048; peled, et, J.of Power resources, 1989, 26, 269-271. The alkali metalpolysulfide formed by the alkali metal/sulfur battery during discharging is easily dissolved in the electrolyte to generate self discharging and block the diaphragm; a passivation layer is easily formed on the surface of the positive active material during charging, and ion and electron migration is difficult to perform, thereby resulting in a decrease in the specific capacity and a poor cycle life of the battery.
In order to improve the electrochemical activity and the utilization rate of the elemental sulfur, documents report that the elemental sulfur is adsorbed on the surface of the activated carbon or forms a complex with a conductive polymer, such as Kavan, et al, Electrochimica Acta, 1988, 33, 1605-1602; perichaud, etal, US 4,664,991, Armand, etal, US 4,739,018.
Okamoto, et al, US 5,441,831 reported polycarbosulfide positive electrode materials (CS)x)nWhereinThe value of x is between 1.2 and 2.3, and n is more than or equal to 2; polycarbosulfides (CS) in US 5,601,947 and 5,609,702x)nWherein x is 2.3-50, and n is not less than 2. Polysulfide chain- (S) in these carbon-sulfur polymersm) - (m.gtoreq.3) and the carbon skeleton of the polysulphide carbon in the form of a covalent bond, the polysulphide chain- (S)m) Within the carbon skeleton backbone or in the branches. Since the energy storage mechanism of polycarbosulfides is by the polysulfide chain- (S)m) The breaking and formation of S-S bonds in the-S-group is achieved, so that the specific discharge capacity of the polysulfide carbide containing polysulfide chains is higher than that of the corresponding organic disulfides (see J.electrochem. Soc.,1997, 144(6), L170-172), and has better cycle performance.
De Jonghe, ethanol, U.S. Pat. No. 4,833,048; 4,917,974 describes organodithiol cathode materials (RS)2Wherein the R group represents straight orbranched low molecular weight organic functional groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl groups and derivatives thereof. Polyorganodisulfide positive electrode active materials- [ (-SRS-)n]-, such as polydithiopiperazine. Formation of RS upon discharge of organic disulfides and polyorganodisulfides, respectively-M+And+M-SRS-M+the ionic compounds, which are then dissolved in the electrolyte, cause a decrease in self-discharge and specific capacity, and thus their utilization and cycle life in lithium batteries are affected,
although the above documents report various positive active materials that are expected to be used for making lithium batteries with high specific capacity and good cycle life, they all have the problem of poor cycling performance due to low utilization of the active materials due to the generation of small molecules of alkali metal sulfides or organic sulfides that are easily dissolved in the electrolyte during discharge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a positive electrode active material of a multi-substituted conjugated polymer and a preparation method thereof. The poly-sulfo conjugated polymer is prepared by using poly-halogenated conjugated polymer and alkali metal polysulfide in polar solventThe skeleton of the multi-sulfur conjugated polymer is conductive conjugated polymer, each repeating unit and multi-sulfur chain- [ (S)m)p]And the carbon-sulfur covalent bonds C-S are bonded together, so that soluble sulfide is not easily generated in the discharging process, and the utilization rate and the cycle life of the positive active material are improved.
The invention relates to a positive electrode material of a lithium battery, which is prepared by applying a multi-sulfur conjugated polymer positive electrode active substance, wherein the positive electrode material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
(a) the positive active material multi-sulfur conjugated polymer has the molecular formula: - { R [ (S)m)p]v}n-, wherein R is a repeating structural unit in the polymer, S is a sulfur atom, and m is a polysulfide chain- (S) bonded between intermolecular structural units of the polymerm) The number of S sulfur atoms in the polymer is 2-15, and p is a polysulfide chain- (S) bonded to a repeating structural unit of the polymerm) A number of between 1 and 10, v being a polysulfide chain- [ (S) bonded to a repeating structural unit of the polymerm)p]-a number of between 1 and 10, n representing the degree of polymerization of the polymer monomer.
(b) The conductive agent is conductive carbon black, graphite, acetylene black, a carbon nanotube, a carbon nanofiber, a conductive polymer and metal powder.
(c) The adhesive is polyethylene oxide (PEO) and Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), the additive is mainly gamma-butyrolactone, conductive additive, electrolyte and metal oxide and its complex compound.
The chemical structural formula of the multi-sulfur conjugated polymer positive active substance related by the invention is as follows:
(a) polythiopolyacetylene, (b) polythiopolyphenylene, (c) polythiopolyaniline and (d) polythiopolypyrrole (R ═ NH —) and polythiopolythiophene (R ═ S —). The structural formula is a repeating structural unit in the multi-sulfur conjugated polymer, and S is a sulfur atom; m is a polysulfide chain- (S) bonded between intermolecular structural units of thepolymerm) The number of sulfur atoms S in-is between 2 and 15; p, p1Is polymerizedA polysulfide chain- (S) bonded to a repeating structural unit of the compoundm) A number of-p is between 1 and 10, p1Between 0 and 10; and n is the polymerization degree of the conjugated polymer monomer.
The raw materials of the polyhalogenated conjugated polymer are polyhalogenated polyacetylene, polyhalogenated polyphenylene, polyhalogenated polythiazole, polyhalogenated polypyrrole, polyhalogenated polythiophene, polyhalogenated polyaniline and derivatives thereof, each repeating structural unit in the polyhalogenated conjugated polymer is bonded with at least two halogen atoms, and the halogen atoms are fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
The invention relates to alkali metal polysulfides M2SmWherein M is an alkali metal element Li, Na, K or Ru, and M is an integer of 2 to 15.
The polar solvent of the present invention is water, ethanol, acetonitrile, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), etc., and a mixed solvent thereof.
The weight percentage of the positive active substance multi-sulfur conjugated polymer in the positive material of the lithium battery is 30-95%.
The electrolyte of the lithium battery is a liquid electrolyte, a gel electrolyte and a solid electrolyte.
The negative electrode material of the lithium battery is metal lithium and alloy materials of the metal lithium and other metals.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a poly-sulfo conjugated polymer, which adopts the following raw materials: polyhalogenated polyacetylenes, polyhalogenated polyphenylenes, polyhalogenated polythiophenes, polyhalogenated polypyrroles, polyhalogenated polythiophenes and polyhalogenated polyanilines and derivatives thereof, alkali metal polysulfides M2Sm(M is an alkali metal element Li, Na, K, Ru, M is an integer of 2-15), and the polar solvent is water, acetonitrile, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methylpyridine-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and the like and a mixed solvent thereof.
Alkali metal polysulfides M used according to the invention2SmM is an alkali metal element Li, Na, K, Ru, M is an integer of 2-15. The preparation method of the alkali metal polysulfide comprises the steps of adding 2-10 mmol of alkali metal sulfide and 2-50 mmol of sulfur into 3-15 ml of polar solvent under the protection of nitrogen according to the molar ratio of 1: 1-14, carrying out reflux reaction for 2-12 h, completely dissolving the elemental sulfur in the solvent, and obtaining the alkali metal polysulfide M2SmThe solution is ready for use.
The preparation method of the polythio conjugated polymer comprises the following steps: adding 1mmol of polyhalogenated conjugated polymer into 2-10 mmol of alkali metal polysulfide M2SmStirring and heating the reaction solution in 3-15 ml of polar solvent under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the reaction temperature is 80-180 ℃, the reaction time is 6-48 h, filtering is carried out after the reaction is finished, the obtained precipitate is washed by distilled water and AgNO is used for washing3And (3) soaking the solution in 0.1mol/L ammonia water overnight until the solution is detected to be free from turbidity, grinding and washing the solution with acetone until the filtrate is colorless, and drying the filtrate in vacuum at the temperature of 50-120 ℃ for 3-48 hours to obtain the electroactive poly-thio conjugated polymer.
A poly-thio conjugated polymer is obtained through a poly-halo conjugated polymer vulcanization reaction and is used for a lithium battery anode material; the initial discharge specific capacity is higher than 500mAh/g, and the good circulation performance is achieved.
Detailed Description
Example 1
11.5g (0.36mol) of sulfur, 21.6g (0.09mol) of sodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na)2S·9H2O) and 150ml DMF are respectively added into a 250ml three-mouth round bottom flask, reflux reaction is carried out for 6h under the protection of nitrogen, then 3.1g (0.016mol) of trichloro polyaniline is added to react for 18h at 120-130 ℃, filtration is carried out, 50ml multiplied by 8 is washed by distilled water, AgNO is used for washing3And (3) detecting the solution to have no turbid phenomenon, soaking the solution in 0.1mol/L ammonia water overnight, grinding and washing the solution by acetone until the filtrate is colorless, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain 3.4g of black powdery solid poly-thio-polyaniline. Elemental analysis results (wt%): n4.62, C25.14, H0.98, Cl 1.54, S48.08.
Example 2
11.5g (0.36mol) of sulfur, 21.6g (0.09mol) of sodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na)2S·9H2O)、100ml DMFAnd 50ml of H2And O is respectively added into a 250ml three-neck round-bottom flask, the reflux reaction is carried out for 8 hours under the protection of nitrogen, then 3.1g (0.016mol) of trichloro polyaniline is added, and the reflux reaction is continued for 24 hours. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was poured into 300ml of a 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, filtered, washed with distilled water (50 ml. times.10), and then washed with AgNO3And (3) detecting the solution to have no turbidity, soaking the solution in0.1mol/L ammonia water overnight, washing the solution with 0.1mol/L ammonia water for 80ml multiplied by 16, grinding and washing the solution with acetone until the filtrate is colorless, and drying the filtrate in vacuum at 50 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain 3.2g of black powdery solid poly-thio-polyaniline. Elemental analysis results (wt%): n4.65, C25.14, H0.48, Cl 1.12, S66.70.
Example 3
3.84g (0.12mol) of sulfur, 7.2g (0.03mol) of sodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na)2S·9H2O) and 30ml of 95 percent ethanol are added into a 100ml single-neck round-bottom flask and reflux reaction is carried out for 8 hours under the protection of nitrogen to prepare a disodium pentasulfide solution.
2.9g (0.015mol) of trichloropolyaniline, 0.359g (0.0015mol) of tetraethylammonium bromide and 60ml of DMF are sequentially added into a 250ml three-neck round-bottom flask, and then the spare disodium pentasulfide solution is added into a reaction bottle under the protection of nitrogen, and the reflux reaction is continued for 24 hours. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was poured into 200ml of water, filtered, washed with 50ml of distilled water × 10, and then with AgNO3And (3) detecting the solution to have no turbid phenomenon, grinding and washing the solution by acetone until the filtrate is colorless, extracting the solution by using carbon disulfide for 5 hours, and performing vacuum drying at 180 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain 2.3g of black powdery solid poly-thio-polyaniline. Elemental analysis results (wt%): n7.37, C37.24, H1.18, Cl 20.81, S24.47.
Example 4
The product of example 1, namely the polythiopolyaniline, the conductive carbon black and the PEO are uniformly mixed according to the weight percentage of 50: 35: 15, added with n-propanol-water (V/V is 4: 1) and ground into paste, coated on an aluminum foilcurrent collector, dried at room temperature, and then dried in vacuum at 50 ℃ for 24 hours and cut into 0.64cm2The pole piece of (2).
Example 5
The product, prepared in example 2, of polythiopolyaniline, conductive carbon black, PEO and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF)3SO3) Mixing at weight ratio of 50: 30: 15: 5, adding n-propanol-water (V/V is 4: 1), grinding into paste, coating on aluminum foil current collector, drying at room temperature, vacuum drying at 50 deg.C for 24 hr, and cutting into 0.64cm pieces2The pole piece of (2).
Example 6
The electrode plate prepared in example 4 was used as a positive electrode, a lithium foil as a negative electrode, a polypropylene film as a separator, and an electrolyte solution used was LiCF of 1mol/L3SO3The solvent of the solution is a mixed solution of 50% of 1, 3-dioxolane, 35% of diglyme and 15% of dimethylethane (by volume). The open-circuit voltage of the battery is 3.2V, 3.0-1.5V and 0.1mA/cm2The first discharge specific capacity is 530mAh/g, and the 50 th cycle discharge specific capacity is200mAh/g。
Example 7
The electrode plate prepared in example 5 was used as a positive electrode, a lithium foil as a negative electrode, a polypropylene film as a separator, and an electrolyte solution used was LiCF of 1mol/L3SO3The solvent of the solution is a mixed solution of 50% of 1, 3-dioxolane, 35% of diglyme and 15% of dimethylethane (by volume). The open-circuit voltage of the battery is 3.2V, 3.0-1.5V and 0.1mA/cm2The first discharge specific capacity is 725mAh/g, the discharge platform is 2.5V, the 50 th cycle discharge specific capacity is 300mAh/g, and the 100 th cycle discharge specific capacity is 145 mAh/g.
Claims (8)
1. The positive pole material of lithium cell is characterized by that the positive pole material of lithium cell mainly is positive pole active material polythio conjugated polymer, and is a polythio conjugated polymer prepared from polyhalogenated conjugated polymer and alkali metal polysulfide in polar solvent, and the five-membered or six-membered aromatic ring of every repeating structural unit of said polythio conjugated polymer is passed through carbon-sulfur covalent bond C-S and polythiol chain- [ (S)m)p]-connected.
2. The positive electrode material for a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positive electrode material for a lithium battery is:
(a) the positive active material multi-sulfur conjugated polymer has the molecular formula: - { R [ (S)m)]v}n-, wherein R is a repeating structural unit in the polymer, S is a sulfur atom, and m is a polysulfide chain- (S) bonded between intermolecular structural units of the polymerm) The number of S sulfur atoms in the polymer is 2-15, and p is a polysulfide chain- (S) bonded to a repeating structural unit of the polymerm) A number of between 1 and 10, v being a polysulfide chain- [ (S) bonded to a repeating structural unit of the polymerm)p]-the number of-is between 1 and 10, n is the degree of polymerization of the polymer monomer;
(b) the conductive agent is conductive carbon black, graphite, acetylene black, activated carbon fiber, carbon nano-tube, carbon nano-fiber, conductive polymer and metal powder;
(c) binders, electrolytes, metal oxides, and metal complexes.
3. The positive electrode material for a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, which is prepared by a method comprising:
(a) adding alkali metal sulfide and sulfur into a polar solvent according to the molar ratio of 1: 1-14, and performing reflux reaction for 2-12 h to prepare alkali metal polysulfide M2SmA solution;
(b) to solutions of alkali metal polysulfides, according to polyhalogenated conjugated polymers and alkali metal polysulfides M2SmAdding a polyhalogenated conjugated polymer into the mixture according to the molar ratio of 1: 2-10;
(c) stirring and heating the reaction solution in the step (b), wherein the reaction temperature is 80-180 ℃, and the reaction time is 6-48 h, so as to generate the electroactive poly-thio conjugated polymer.
4. The positive electrode material for a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyhalogenated conjugated polymer is polyhalogenated polyacetylene, polyhalogenated polyphenylene, polyhalogenated polythiazole, polyhalogenated polypyrrole, polyhalogenated polythiophene and polyhalogenated polyaniline and derivatives thereof.
5. The positive electrode material for a lithium battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein at least two halogen atoms are bonded to each repeating structural unit in the polyhalogenated conjugated polymer.
6. The positive electrode material for lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alkali metal polysulfide M is an alkali metal polysulfide2SmM is an alkali metal element Li, Na, K or Ru, and M is an integer of 2-15.
7. The positive electrode material for a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polar solvent is water, ethanol, acetonitrile, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and a mixed solvent thereof.
8. The positive electrode material for a lithium battery as claimed in claim 2, wherein the positive electrode material contains 30 to 95% by weight of the polythio-conjugated polymer as a positive electrode active material.
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1770515B (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2010-05-12 | 中国科学院成都有机化学有限公司 | Anode, cathode material conductive agent for lithium-ion secondary battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN102127828B (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2012-11-21 | 华南师范大学 | Porous nano carbon fiber material, lithium battery cathode material and cathode plate |
| JP2014523094A (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2014-09-08 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | Electrode material containing metal sulfide |
| JP6256485B2 (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2018-01-10 | 株式会社リコー | Polythiophene derivative, method for producing the same, positive electrode active material for secondary battery, and secondary battery |
| CN105098140B (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-08-24 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Liquid metal negative material and room temperature liquid metal battery, preparation method and purposes |
| CN108511695A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2018-09-07 | 天津大学 | Lithium-sulfur cell based on sulphur nitrogen auto-dope positive electrode active materials |
| CN108503834B (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2020-08-21 | 天津大学 | Sulfur-nitrogen self-doped 4-methyl-5-vinyl thiazole-sulfur copolymer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108493410B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2020-11-17 | 浙江衡远新能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material |
| CN112909254B (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2023-06-30 | Sk新能源株式会社 | Positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery and method for manufacturing same |
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| US6201100B1 (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2001-03-13 | Moltech Corporation | Electroactive, energy-storing, highly crosslinked, polysulfide-containing organic polymers and methods for making same |
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| US6201100B1 (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2001-03-13 | Moltech Corporation | Electroactive, energy-storing, highly crosslinked, polysulfide-containing organic polymers and methods for making same |
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