CN105470513A - Electrode active material for lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Electrode active material for lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105470513A CN105470513A CN201511002991.8A CN201511002991A CN105470513A CN 105470513 A CN105470513 A CN 105470513A CN 201511002991 A CN201511002991 A CN 201511002991A CN 105470513 A CN105470513 A CN 105470513A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium ion
- ion battery
- electrode active
- active material
- substituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
- H01M4/602—Polymers
- H01M4/604—Polymers containing aliphatic main chain polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses an electrode active material for a lithium ion battery and the lithium ion battery. The electrode active material has the following formula (1) shown in the specification, wherein m and n are integers more than or equal to 1, and R1 to R5 are one of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, carbon atom with substituent group, double bond of carbon to oxygen with substituent group, double bond of carbon to sulfur with substituent group, aromatic ring with substituent group and heterocyclic ring with substituent group. The capacity of a sulfur-containing high-molecular polymer is greater than 300mAh/g when the sulfur-containing high-molecular polymer is taken as the electrode active material, the charging and discharging cycle performance of the lithium ion battery also can be improved, and the lithium ion battery has relatively high stability. Moreover, the lithium ion battery does not contain heavy metal when using the electrode active material, cannot discharge heavy metal pollution to the environment, and is free from the limitation of precious metal resource increasingly shrinking; and further, the lithium ion battery using the electrode active substance for the lithium ion battery is lighter in whole weight.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lithium ion battery, particularly relate to a kind of electrode active material and lithium ion battery of lithium ion battery.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery possesses very high-energy-density and power density, has vital status, also day by day increase its demand in mobile electronic device field as intelligent movable mobile phone, portable computer, game machine etc.In addition, the application of lithium ion battery in the field such as electric automobile and energy-accumulating power station be positive fast development also, has great demand.The energy density improving lithium ion battery is the important method meeting the demand, and also extremely people expect.At the new material research of lithium ion battery, multi-element type developing state is also presented to its research.In many lithium battery new technology groups, the research and development of organic positive electrode are paid attention to very much, and its central principle is that use reversiblely can carry out redox organic compound as electrode active material.Capacity can change with MOLECULE DESIGN, reaches as high as nearly 900mAh/g; Heavy metal free pollutes, not by the restriction of rare metal resources scarcity; Amount is light, is expected to be applied to the considerable advantage that flexible electronic device etc. is organic positive electrode.Organic positive electrode also has weak point: the energy density of such as unit volume is lower; Lithium current potential (2 ~ 3.5V) on the low side when making positive pole.To realize high-energy-density, design is needed to possess the organic electrode materials of high power capacity.
Sulphur series organic compound be known can as one of electrode active material.Sulphur series organic compound refers in organic compound, usually contain the sulfur-bearing covalent bonds such as sulphur sulfide linkage, carbon sulphur singly-bound, carbon sulphur double bond, nitrogen sulfide linkage organic molecule or organic polymer.But sulphur series organic compound is as less stable during electrode active material, and capacity is too low, does not possess practicality.
Therefore, prior art has yet to be improved and developed.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electrode active material and lithium ion battery of lithium ion battery, be intended to solve existing electrode active material existence and stability poor, capacity is too low, does not possess the problem of practicality.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
An electrode active material for lithium ion battery, wherein, has the structure shown in following formula (1):
（1）
In formula (1), m, n be>=integer of 1; R
1~ R
5be hydrogen atom, halogen atom, there is substituent carbon atom, there is substituent C=O bond, there is substituent carbon sulphur double bond, there is substituent aromatic ring, the one had in substituent heterocycle.
An electrode active material for lithium ion battery, wherein, has the structure shown in following formula (2):
（2）
In formula (2), m, n be>=integer of 1; R
1~ R
5be hydrogen atom, halogen atom, there is substituent carbon atom, there is substituent C=O bond, there is substituent carbon sulphur double bond, there is substituent aromatic ring, the one had in substituent heterocycle.
Described lithium ion battery, wherein, R
1~ R
5be hydrogen atom.
The electrode active material of described lithium ion battery, wherein, has the structure shown in following formula (3):
（3）
In formula (3), m, n be>=integer of 1; R
1~ R
5be hydrogen atom, halogen atom, there is substituent carbon atom, there is substituent C=O bond, there is substituent carbon sulphur double bond, there is substituent aromatic ring, the one had in substituent heterocycle.
A kind of lithium ion battery, comprises positive pole, negative pole and electrolyte, and wherein, at least one in described positive pole and negative pole is containing, for example the lithium ion battery electrode active material described in any one of claim 1-4.
Described lithium ion battery, wherein, containing described lithium ion battery electrode active material as positive pole, containing have store and the electrode active material of release lithium ion ability as negative pole, the salt formed containing anion and cation is as electrolyte.
Described lithium ion battery, wherein, containing described lithium ion battery electrode active material as negative pole, to store and the electrode active material of release lithium ion ability is positive pole containing having, and the salt formed containing anion and cation is as electrolyte.
Described lithium ion battery, wherein, described electrolyte is solid electrolyte or the liquid electrolyte containing organic solution.
Beneficial effect: sulfur-bearing high molecular polymer of the present invention can be used as electrode active material, it is greater than 300mAh/g as capacity during electrode active material, and can improve the charge/discharge cycle characteristics of lithium ion battery, makes lithium ion battery possess good stability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the infrared spectrogram before and after polymerization rubeanic acid polymerization obtained in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of polymerization rubeanic acid obtained in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the cyclic voltammetry curve figure of polymerization rubeanic acid obtained in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 4 is first three charging and discharging curve figure of polymerization rubeanic acid obtained in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 5 is charge-discharge performance and the efficiency chart of polymerization rubeanic acid obtained in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 6 is first three charging and discharging curve figure of the rubeanic acid of contrast.
Fig. 7 is charge-discharge performance and the efficiency chart of the rubeanic acid of contrast.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of electrode active material and lithium ion battery of lithium ion battery, for making object of the present invention, technical scheme and effect clearly, clearly, the present invention is described in more detail below.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
The sulphur series organic compound possessing multiple sulfur-bearing electrode activity functional group has had capacity to be greater than 300mAh/g, but the less stable of this sulphur series organic compound.Therefore, this invention exploits a kind of novel sulphur system high molecular polymer as electrode active material, the theoretical capacity of described novel sulphur system high molecular polymer is the tallest and the biggest in 300mAh/g, and can improve the charge/discharge cycle characteristics of lithium ion battery, possesses good stability.Below the principle of sulphur system of the present invention high molecular polymer as electrode active material is described.Carbon sulphur double bond (C=S) or C=O bond (C=O) can obtain two electronics and be combined with a pair lithium ion, as shown in following reaction equation A and B, therefore, in principle, the sulphur system high molecular polymer of carbon containing sulphur double bond or C=O bond can as electrode active material, and namely the sulphur system high molecular polymer of carbon containing sulphur double bond or C=O bond can be used as the electrode active material of lithium ion battery.
（A）
（B）
The invention provides a kind of electrode active material of lithium ion battery, wherein, there is the structure shown in following formula (1):
（1）
In formula (1), m, n be>=integer of 1; R
1~ R
5be hydrogen atom, halogen atom, there is substituent carbon atom, there is substituent C=O bond, there is substituent carbon sulphur double bond, there is substituent aromatic ring, the one had in substituent heterocycle.The sulphur system high molecular polymer of above-mentioned formula (1) structural formula is greater than 300mAh/g as capacity during electrode active material, and can improve the charge/discharge cycle characteristics of lithium ion battery, makes lithium ion battery possess good stability.
The invention provides a kind of electrode active material of lithium ion battery, wherein, there is the structure shown in following formula (2):
（2）
In formula (2), m, n be>=integer of 1; R
1~ R
5be hydrogen atom, halogen atom, there is substituent carbon atom, there is substituent C=O bond, there is substituent carbon sulphur double bond, there is substituent aromatic ring, the one had in substituent heterocycle.The sulphur system high molecular polymer of above-mentioned formula (2) structural formula is greater than 300mAh/g as capacity during electrode active material, and can improve the charge/discharge cycle characteristics of lithium ion battery, makes lithium ion battery possess good stability.
Further, in the above-mentioned formula of the present invention (1) and formula (2), R
1~ R
5hydrogen atom can be.
The electrode active material of lithium ion battery of the present invention, wherein, has the structure shown in following formula (3):
（3）
In formula (3), m, n be>=integer of 1; R
1~ R
5be hydrogen atom, halogen atom, there is substituent carbon atom, there is substituent C=O bond, there is substituent carbon sulphur double bond, there is substituent aromatic ring, the one had in substituent heterocycle.
The lithium ion battery electrode active material of above-mentioned formula (1) of the present invention, formula (2) and formula (3), owing to having macromolecular chain, carbon sulphur double bond avtive spot is evenly distributed on main chain, active function groups proportion can be improved, and reduce electrode active material dissolving in the electrolytic solution, thus effectively play high-energy-density and good cyclical stability.In addition, the present invention is also by changing R
1~ R
5, to reduce the solubility of electrode active material further, wherein, described R
1~ R
5hydrogen atom (comprise is all hydrogen atom), halogen atom can be respectively, there is substituent carbon atom, there is substituent C=O bond, there is substituent carbon sulphur double bond, there is substituent aromatic ring, the one had in substituent heterocycle.
Based on above-mentioned lithium ion battery electrode active material, the present invention also provides a kind of lithium ion battery, comprise positive pole, negative pole and electrolyte, wherein, at least one in described positive pole and negative pole is containing, for example the lithium ion battery electrode active material described in upper any one.Lithium ion battery electrode active material of the present invention, not containing heavy metal, to environmental emission heavy metal pollution, also can not be subject to the restriction that Precious Metals Resources is day by day deficient.In addition, the proportion of sulphur system high molecular polymer is lighter than conventional inorganic metal, therefore uses the overall weight of the lithium ion battery of the electrode active material of lithium ion battery of the present invention lighter.
Lithium ion battery of the present invention, wherein, containing described lithium ion battery electrode active material as positive pole, containing have store and the electrode active material of release lithium ion ability as negative pole, the salt formed containing anion and cation is as electrolyte.The present invention preferred sulphur system high molecular polymer is as lithium ion battery electrode active material, and capacity is greater than 300mAh/g when described sulphur system high molecular polymer being used as positive pole, and the charge/discharge cycle characteristics of lithium ion battery can be improved, make lithium ion battery possess good stability.
Lithium ion battery of the present invention, wherein, containing described lithium ion battery electrode active material as negative pole, to store and the electrode active material of release lithium ion ability is positive pole containing having, and the salt formed containing anion and cation is as electrolyte.The present invention preferred sulphur system high molecular polymer is as lithium ion battery electrode active material, and capacity is greater than 300mAh/g when described sulphur system high molecular polymer being used as negative pole, and the charge/discharge cycle characteristics of lithium ion battery can be improved, make lithium ion battery possess good stability.
Electrolyte of the present invention can be solid electrolyte or the liquid electrolyte containing organic solution.The described liquid electrolyte containing organic solution comprises solvent and supports salt.Described support salt can adopt the support salt usually adopted in lithium ion battery or non-water class double electric layer capacitor.
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Preparation polymerization rubeanic acid by the following method.
Get 2.14 grams (12mmol) 1,1-mercapto be dissolved in the DMF of 15 milliliters for carbonyl dimidazoles (TCDI) and 3.34 milliliters of (24mmol) triethylamines.1.44 grams of (12mmol) rubeanic acids (DTOA) are dissolved in 15 milliliters of DMF, are slowly added drop-wise to 1,1-mercapto with vigorous stirring in carbonyl dimidazoles/DMF solution, strong agitation 48 hours under room temperature argon shield.After reaction terminates, product is sedimentation in ethyl acetate, and the washing of gained solid repeatedly, preserve by vacuumize subsequently.Gained sample carries out sign with front aggressiveness rubeanic acid and contrasts, and for infrared, active amine hydrogens is from 3100-3400cm
-1migrate to 3400-3600cm
-1, as shown in Figure 1.The ESEM of gained polymerization rubeanic acid as shown in Figure 2.
Using the sulfur-bearing macromolecule high polymer of preparation as electrode active material and as positive pole, SuperP (super charcoal) is conductive agent, PVDF(Kynoar) make binding agent, NMP(N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-) be made electrode plates for solvent furnishing slip is applied on aluminium foil.Be to electrode with metal lithium sheet, concentration of electrolyte is the sulfimide salt (the ethers electrolyte as LiTFSI) of 1mol/L, and fibreglass diaphragm, is assembled into button cell in the glove box being full of argon gas, carries out electro-chemical test.Test battery is under the test voltage of 1.5-4.0V, and the cyclic voltammetry curve of polymerization rubeanic acid as shown in Figure 3, demonstrates two groups of obvious redox peaks.When the current charge-discharge electricity of 100mAh/g, second time and for the third time charge/discharge capacity are all more than 250mAh/g, and first three charging and discharging curve as shown in Figure 4.During 100mAh/g, charge and discharge cycles 20 is enclosed, and specific discharge capacity still maintains about 250mAh/g, and cycle performance and efficiency are as shown in Figure 5.Shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, charge/discharge capacity and stability are all better than front aggressiveness rubeanic acid.
In sum, a kind of lithium ion battery electrode active material of the present invention and lithium ion battery, sulfur-bearing high molecular polymer of the present invention can be used as electrode active material, it is greater than 300mAh/g as capacity during electrode active material, and the charge/discharge cycle characteristics of lithium ion battery can be improved, make lithium ion battery possess good stability.In addition, sulfur-bearing high molecular polymer of the present invention, as lithium ion battery electrode active material, not containing heavy metal, to environmental emission heavy metal pollution, also can not be subject to the restriction that Precious Metals Resources is day by day deficient.In addition, the proportion of sulphur system high molecular polymer is lighter than conventional inorganic metal, therefore uses the overall weight of the lithium ion battery of the electrode active material of lithium ion battery of the present invention lighter.
Should be understood that, application of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned citing, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improve and convert the protection range that all should belong to claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. an electrode active material for lithium ion battery, is characterized in that, has the structure shown in following formula (1):
（1）
In formula (1), m, n be>=integer of 1; R
1~ R
5be hydrogen atom, halogen atom, there is substituent carbon atom, there is substituent C=O bond, there is substituent carbon sulphur double bond, there is substituent aromatic ring, the one had in substituent heterocycle.
2. an electrode active material for lithium ion battery, is characterized in that, has the structure shown in following formula (2):
（2）
In formula (2), m, n be>=integer of 1; R
1~ R
5be hydrogen atom, halogen atom, there is substituent carbon atom, there is substituent C=O bond, there is substituent carbon sulphur double bond, there is substituent aromatic ring, the one had in substituent heterocycle.
3. lithium ion battery according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, R
1~ R
5be hydrogen atom.
4. the electrode active material of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, has the structure shown in following formula (3):
（3）
In formula (3), m, n be>=integer of 1; R
1~ R
5be hydrogen atom, halogen atom, there is substituent carbon atom, there is substituent C=O bond, there is substituent carbon sulphur double bond, there is substituent aromatic ring, the one had in substituent heterocycle.
5. a lithium ion battery, comprises positive pole, negative pole and electrolyte, it is characterized in that, at least one in described positive pole and negative pole is containing, for example the lithium ion battery electrode active material described in any one of claim 1-4.
6. lithium ion battery according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, containing described lithium ion battery electrode active material as positive pole, containing have store and the electrode active material of release lithium ion ability as negative pole, the salt formed containing anion and cation is as electrolyte.
7. lithium ion battery according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, containing described lithium ion battery electrode active material as negative pole, to store and the electrode active material of release lithium ion ability is positive pole containing having, the salt formed containing anion and cation is as electrolyte.
8. lithium ion battery according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described electrolyte is solid electrolyte or the liquid electrolyte containing organic solution.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108701830A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2018-10-23 | 株式会社Lg化学 | Polymer-sulfur copolymer, preparation method and the lithium-sulfur cell comprising it |
| CN110148787A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-08-20 | 中南大学 | A kind of electrolyte and lithium-sulfur cell improving lithium-sulfur cell capacity |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3776955A (en) * | 1968-05-29 | 1973-12-04 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Pesticidal semicarbazide and biuret derivatives |
| US3818104A (en) * | 1968-05-29 | 1974-06-18 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Use of dithiobiurets as fungicides |
| EP1191394A2 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-03-27 | Eastman Kodak Company | High speed photothermographic materials and method of making and using same |
| CN103959519A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2014-07-30 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Battery |
-
2015
- 2015-12-29 CN CN201511002991.8A patent/CN105470513B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3776955A (en) * | 1968-05-29 | 1973-12-04 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Pesticidal semicarbazide and biuret derivatives |
| US3818104A (en) * | 1968-05-29 | 1974-06-18 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Use of dithiobiurets as fungicides |
| EP1191394A2 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-03-27 | Eastman Kodak Company | High speed photothermographic materials and method of making and using same |
| CN103959519A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2014-07-30 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Battery |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108701830A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2018-10-23 | 株式会社Lg化学 | Polymer-sulfur copolymer, preparation method and the lithium-sulfur cell comprising it |
| CN108701830B (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2021-05-07 | 株式会社Lg化学 | Polymer-sulfur copolymer, method of preparing the same, and lithium-sulfur battery comprising the same |
| CN110148787A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-08-20 | 中南大学 | A kind of electrolyte and lithium-sulfur cell improving lithium-sulfur cell capacity |
| CN110148787B (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2022-08-26 | 中南大学 | Electrolyte for improving capacity of lithium-sulfur battery and lithium-sulfur battery |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105470513B (en) | 2018-11-20 |
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