CN1280476A - 关节(膝关节) - Google Patents

关节(膝关节) Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1280476A
CN1280476A CN98811722.3A CN98811722A CN1280476A CN 1280476 A CN1280476 A CN 1280476A CN 98811722 A CN98811722 A CN 98811722A CN 1280476 A CN1280476 A CN 1280476A
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joint
cam
guide rail
half shell
cylinder
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CN1155349C (zh
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约瑟夫·格拉芬格
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/38Joints for elbows or knees
    • A61F2/3836Special connection between upper and lower leg, e.g. constrained
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/60Artificial legs or feet or parts thereof
    • A61F2/64Knee joints
    • A61F2/642Polycentric joints, without longitudinal rotation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/01Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces
    • A61F5/0102Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces specially adapted for correcting deformities of the limbs or for supporting them; Ortheses, e.g. with articulations
    • A61F5/0123Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces specially adapted for correcting deformities of the limbs or for supporting them; Ortheses, e.g. with articulations for the knees

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Nursing (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)

Abstract

可限制摆动位置的双摆动杆关节(膝关节),其中通过弧形的导轨(6,6’;7,7’)产生组合式转动和滑动运动,本发明的特征是,一个与其中一个摆动杆例如下股骨相连的凸轮体(8),它最好在两侧具有两个凸轮(10,11:13,14),该凸轮与弧形导轨(6,6’;7,7’)相互作用,而且该凸轮设置在半壳(3,4)内,所述半壳与例如上股骨的第二摆动杆相连。该方案可以相对简单的方式更换磨损件,而且更换时可改变运动方式。

Description

关节(膝关节)
本发明涉及一种可限制摆动位置的双摆动杆关节(膝关节),特别是人体关节,其中通过弧形的导轨产生组合式转动和滑动运动。
设计各种关节,特别是膝关节的困难在于,应当模拟关节的自然运动,然而这种自然运动并不是纯转动,而是一种转动和滑动的组合。
在文献AT PS393620中公开了一种用于膝部假肢的关节,其中在一个第一假肢上有两个弧形导轨,其中限制两个假肢摆动角度的第二假肢的端头与该弧形导轨啮合。该端头或轴销位于另一个端头的弧形导轨轴线的端部位置。但是这种结构无法模仿膝盖的自然运动。
在文献US A5009223中公开了一种膝部假肢关节,其中除了有两个弧形导轨外,还有另外两个弧形导轨,这两个额外的导轨构成了一个“T”形,其中在“T”形的一个边上有一个枢轴,在“T”形的另一个边上有另一个枢轴,它属于另一个假肢。这种公知构造也不能模拟自然的运动过程。
本发明的任务是,提供一种上述类型的关节,它可产生组合式转动和滑动运动,特别是(但不仅限于)作为膝关节假肢。该方案还应实现以相对简单的方式更换磨损件,而且更换时也可改变运动方式。
以上任务的解决方案是,一个与其中一个摆动杆例如下股骨相连的凸轮体,它最好在两侧具有两个凸轮,该凸轮与弧形导轨相互作用,而且该凸轮设置在半壳内,所述半壳与例如上股骨的第二摆动杆相连。
这种结构可实现转动和滑动的组合运动,即便改变弧形导轨也可适应相应的条件。更换磨损件的方式也相对简单。
根据一个优选的实施例,本发明所述凸轮体具有在圆角棱边处相交的、构成一个凸轮的圆柱面,并且具有在垂直于摆动方向上凸出的、构成第二个凸轮的凸台,所述导轨在半壳内分成两段。
其中优选的结构是,所述凸轮体的横截面具有尖端为圆角的弧边三角的形状。
所述凸出的第二个凸轮在弧边三角的、位于两个圆柱面的相交棱边对面的一侧构成。
最好将一个摆动杆的连接件设置在两个圆柱面的相交棱边对面。
为了固定两个半壳,所述两个半壳被一个固定件部分包围,在该固定件上设置了另一个摆动杆的连接件。
所述半壳在所述固定件内采用滑入方式构成,所以易于更换。
下面对照附图所示实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明不受该实施例的限制。
其中图1表示本发明所述关节的立体图;图2表示图1所示关节的分解图;图3表示关节位于伸展状态时的纵向剖视图;图3a表示关节处在图3所示位置时的主要导轨;图4表示关节处在最大弯曲位置的纵向剖视图;图4a表示关节处在图4所示位置时的主要导轨;图5表示沿垂直于图3所示剖面将关节剖开的局部视图。
图中所示的实施例是一个膝部假肢。其中在一个固定件1上设有连接杆2,它可与上股骨相连。在固定件1内可***两个半壳3和4,它们通过孔5和未画出的螺钉紧固在固定件1上。
在半壳3和4内有弧形导轨6、6’和7、7’,其中的导轨7、7’相对导轨6、6’构成台阶形。
所述半壳3,4内容纳了一个凸轮体8,该凸轮体上连接着一个杆9,该杆可与下股骨相连。所述凸轮体8的横截面大致为一个弧边三角形。两个圆柱面10和11相交于一个带有圆角的棱边12,该棱边位于杆9对面。所述两个圆柱面10和11构成一个凸轮,以引导凸轮体8。该凸轮或圆柱面10和11与弧形导轨7、7’相互作用。
在所述凸轮体8的侧面有凸起的凸轮13和14,它们与弧形导轨6、6’相互配合。该凸轮13和14在图中所示的实施例中大致呈椭圆形截面,其中的一个部分15具有较大的曲率半径,它构成了弧边三角形的第三个边,另两个部分16具有较小的曲率半径,它们与弧形导轨6、6’相配合。
如图3和图3a所示,在关节处于伸展位置时,圆柱面10靠在导轨7上,圆柱面11是自由的。伸展位置是通过杆9靠在半壳3和4上限定的。为了保证精确定位,杆9靠在半壳3和4上时,最好采用一个机械定位块,它是在圆柱面10和导轨7之前构成大约呈1度的机械挡块。
如图4和图4a所示,在关节处于最大弯曲位置时,杆9靠在半壳3和4的对面的定位面上。在该位置上,圆柱面11靠在导轨7上,而圆柱面10是自由的。同样,杆9靠在半壳3和4上时,最好采用一个机械定位块,它是在圆柱面11和导轨7之前构成大约呈1度的机械挡块。
在本发明的范围内可实现许多变化。例如本发明所述关节可自由选择控制单元,用于其他人体关节和假肢。若在其他领域中要求实现组合式转动和滑动,则也可使用本发明所述关节。

Claims (7)

1、可限制摆动位置的双摆动杆关节(膝关节),其中通过弧形的导轨(6,6’;7,7’)产生组合式转动和滑动运动,本发明的特征是,具有一个与其中一个摆动杆,例如下股骨相连的凸轮体(8),它最好在两侧具有两个凸轮(10,11;13,14),该凸轮与弧形导轨(6,6’;7,7’)相互作用,而且该凸轮设置在半壳(3,4)内,所述半壳与第二摆动杆,例如上股骨相连。
2、如权利要求1所述的关节,其特征是,所述凸轮体(8)具有在圆角棱边(12)处相交的、构成一个凸轮的圆柱面(10,11),并且具有在垂直于摆动方向上凸出的、构成第二个凸轮(13,14)的凸台,所述导轨(6,6’;7,7’)在半壳(3,4)内分成两段。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的关节,其特征是,所述凸轮体(8)的横截面具有尖端为圆角的弧边三角的形状。
4、如权利要求3所述的关节,其特征是,所述凸出的第二个凸轮(13,14)在弧边三角的位于两个圆柱面(10,11)的相交棱边(12)对面的一侧构成。
5、如权利要求2至4中任何一项所述的关节,其特征是,一个摆动杆的连接件设置在两个圆柱面(10,11)的相交棱边(12)对面。
6、如以上权利要求中任何一项所述的关节,其特征是,所述两个半壳(3,4)被一个固定件(1)部分包围,在该固定件上设置了另一个摆动杆的连接件。
7、如权利要求6所述的关节,其特征是,所述半壳(3,4)在所述固定件(1)内采用滑入方式构成。
CNB988117223A 1997-12-19 1998-12-18 关节 Expired - Fee Related CN1155349C (zh)

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AT0215097A AT405903B (de) 1997-12-19 1997-12-19 Gelenk (kniegelenk)
ATA2150/1997 1997-12-19

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CN1155349C CN1155349C (zh) 2004-06-30

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US (1) US6488711B1 (zh)
EP (1) EP0925766B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2001526081A (zh)
CN (1) CN1155349C (zh)
AT (1) AT405903B (zh)
AU (1) AU743554B2 (zh)
DE (1) DE59808350D1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2212209C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO1999032052A1 (zh)

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CN108000508A (zh) * 2018-01-25 2018-05-08 西南石油大学 一种运动调节装置
CN112815187A (zh) * 2019-11-18 2021-05-18 名硕电脑(苏州)有限公司 脚架模块与电子装置
CN112888405A (zh) * 2018-10-23 2021-06-01 奥托·博克保健产品有限公司 矫形外科技术关节和矫形外科技术装置

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CN108000508A (zh) * 2018-01-25 2018-05-08 西南石油大学 一种运动调节装置
CN108000508B (zh) * 2018-01-25 2024-01-26 西南石油大学 一种运动调节装置
CN112888405A (zh) * 2018-10-23 2021-06-01 奥托·博克保健产品有限公司 矫形外科技术关节和矫形外科技术装置
CN112815187A (zh) * 2019-11-18 2021-05-18 名硕电脑(苏州)有限公司 脚架模块与电子装置

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RU2212209C2 (ru) 2003-09-20
EP0925766B1 (de) 2003-05-14
CN1155349C (zh) 2004-06-30
EP0925766A1 (de) 1999-06-30
ATA215097A (de) 1999-05-15
AU743554B2 (en) 2002-01-31
WO1999032052A1 (de) 1999-07-01
US6488711B1 (en) 2002-12-03
AU1646499A (en) 1999-07-12
AT405903B (de) 1999-12-27
DE59808350D1 (de) 2003-06-18
JP2001526081A (ja) 2001-12-18

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