CN1266400A - 用于建筑物表面等等的覆盖元件以及它的制造方法 - Google Patents

用于建筑物表面等等的覆盖元件以及它的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1266400A
CN1266400A CN98808004A CN98808004A CN1266400A CN 1266400 A CN1266400 A CN 1266400A CN 98808004 A CN98808004 A CN 98808004A CN 98808004 A CN98808004 A CN 98808004A CN 1266400 A CN1266400 A CN 1266400A
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拉尔夫·艾塞曼
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用来制造用于建筑物表面等等的耐抗的覆盖元件,特别是制造用于地面的装饰性覆盖元件的方法,这种方法采用几层通过压力和热的作用按三明治的方式相互结合,覆盖元件具有一个设置在装饰性一侧上的透明的上覆盖层(2),一个装饰层(4),一个底板(5)和一个下覆盖层(6),其中上覆盖层(2)由基底层(7)预制成,它里面埋入耐磨材料(8)并设有结合剂(9)。装饰层(4)做在底板(5)上或上覆盖层(2)的底面(2b)区域内,并与底板(5)或上覆盖层(2)一起加工成一个预制层。

Description

用于建筑物表面等等的 覆盖元件以及它的制造方法
本发明涉及一种用于建筑物表面等等的耐抗(widerstandsfaehig)的覆盖元件的制造方法，特别是用于制造地面的装饰性覆盖元件的制造方法，采用多层通过压力和热的作用以三明治方式相互连接的方法，覆盖元件具有一个设在装饰面上的透明的上覆盖层，它也称为表层纸(Overlay-Papier)；有一个装饰层；有一个底板和一个下覆盖层，其中上覆盖层由一种基体层预制成，它里面埋入耐磨材料并设有结合剂，本发明还涉及一种由一个底板，一个设在可见一侧上的透明覆盖层、一个装饰层以及一个下覆盖层的按上述方法制成的覆盖元件，它带一个吸附层(Zugschicht)，吸附层设置在朝向建筑物表面的底板底面上。
对于迄今为止已知的所谓这一类型的覆盖元件预制好四种不同的层，然后将它们在压力和热的作用下按三明治方式相互连接。
已知覆盖元件的上覆盖层的基体层主要具有纤维素。耐磨材料以刚玉颗粒的形式埋入纤维素层内。
装饰层按照已知的方法涂覆在一个特制的层上，特制层必须单独地预制以加上装饰。这个层至少由三层拼合成，第一层是由纸等等组成的特殊的白色装饰承受层。在它上面例如用加压方法压制上主要由颜料组成的装饰层。接着相互结合的层，装饰承受层和装饰层至少在它们共同的表面，尤其是它们的上表面和底面上涂上结合剂。例如应用三聚氰氨树酯或者含三聚氰氨树酯的制剂作为结合剂。
也就是说到此为止带装饰层的这一层特别是在随后的顺序中由四层拼合成，一个上结合剂层、装饰层、装饰承受层以及下结合剂层。
覆盖元件的制造者自己主要加工底板，向供货商购买表层纸，带装饰层的特殊层以及下覆盖层。供货商们按要求的设计生产装饰层。
覆盖元件可以一直用到透明的上覆盖层完全磨损并经继续使用装饰层破裂为止。在已知覆盖元件中缺点是仅仅位于装饰层表面的上结合剂层对于提高覆盖元件的耐磨性有帮助。装饰承受层本身对此并没有什么作用。
设置在底板外观可视侧上的装饰承受层以及透明的上覆盖层的基底层在经受压力和高温的加工过程中产生同方向的内应力。这个内应力造成覆盖元件主要在其纵向的弯曲，其中弯曲曲线从覆盖元件延伸所在的平面起垂直向外运动。为了补偿这个弯曲在底板的下侧加上下覆盖层。下覆盖层配有一个吸附层。吸附层同样产生内应力，并抵消弯曲。这个吸附层必须建立和设置在底板外观侧上的那层同样大小的内应力，从而达到内应力的平衡，并使底板或者覆盖元件不出现弯曲。
吸附层必须能够建立象设置在底板外观侧上的装饰承受层和基底层共同的同样大小的内应力。在装饰承受层、基底层和吸附层具有大致相同的材料质量的前提下，吸附层的厚度必须正确地等于装饰承受层和基底层厚度之和。因此对于吸附层需要很多材料，并增加了重量。这伴随着覆盖元件制造、贮存和运输成本的增加。
本发明的目的在于，创造一种覆盖元件以及它的制造方法，用这种方法可以方便地制造薄的、轻的覆盖元件，其中材料、制造、贮存和运输的费用也下降。
按照本发明这个目的这样来解决，装饰层涂在底板上或覆盖层的底面区域内，并和底板或覆盖层一起加工成一个预制层。在用这种方法制造的覆盖元件中在上覆盖层的基底层和底板之间设置单独的装饰层和一个结合剂层。下覆盖层的吸附层的层厚基本上相当于基底层的层厚。
通过这个简单的措施预制层的数量减少到最多三层。取消了用于装饰层的特殊层。相反它和透明的上覆盖层合并成一层，作为一种选择它也可以和底板合并成一层。在后一种情况下装饰层涂在朝向上覆盖层的底板上表面上。
通过预制层的减少只需要较少的制造工序并降低制造成本。
覆盖元件的总厚度可以做得较小，并且覆盖元件可以比迄今为止的轻。通过这种方法减少了材料、贮存和运输费用。
在覆盖元件的外观可视侧上底板仅仅只覆盖了一层，它起着内应力的作用，这一层也就是上覆盖层的基底层。由此下覆盖层的吸附层可以优良地做得比迄今为止更薄，也就是说基本上正好和上覆盖层的基底层的厚度一样厚。
如果可以保持已知覆盖元件的总厚度，那么按照新方法制造的覆盖元件提供另一个优点。也就是说上覆盖层的基底层可以做得像迄今为止基底层和装饰层一起具有的那样厚。由此优良地得到带有耐磨材料的双倍厚的层，它在同样的利用率时，可以保持已知覆盖层双倍的使用寿命。这时下覆盖层的吸附层的厚度相当于双倍的基底层的厚度。
除建筑物表面以外当然其他表面，例如家具表面优良地用这种方法制造。其中对于厨房工作面板它特别合适，这种厨房砧板需要特别高的耐抗力。
装饰层适合于通过用涂料涂覆的方法制造。如果装饰层涂在覆盖层基底层的底面上特别有利。换一种方法覆盖层基底层的底面上可以先涂上结合剂层然后在它上面涂装饰层。这样这种预制的覆盖层可以由制造商预制来用作表层纸，并由覆盖元件的制造商购进并继续加工。
由这个方法的技术基础来看，装饰层涂在底板的上表面上可能是有利的。在那里它仅仅在以后的某个时刻与结合剂接触。
装饰层的颜色优先按照已知的印制方法涂上。
下面对本发明举例说明并借助于附图加以描述。其中表示：
图1(现有技术状况)，表示一个覆盖元件的预制层，它根据已知的方法制造，
图2按新方法制造的具有较小总厚度的覆盖元件的预制层，
图3已知的覆盖元件，
图4按新方法制造的具有较小总厚度的覆盖元件，
图5按新方法制造的具有双倍基底层厚度的覆盖元件，
图6按新方法制造的覆盖元件的一种结构形式的预制层，
图7按新方法制造的覆盖元件的另一种结构形式的预制层。
所有附图都是各个层横剖面的示意图。这些层用不同的阴影线图案表示。
图1中表示四个层，用已知方法制造的覆盖元件1由它们拼合成。它们是一个透明的上覆盖层2，一个具有装饰层4的特殊层3，一个底板5以及一个下覆盖层6。在所有图形中由于装饰层4厚度小它都仅仅以符号4标出，而不像其他层那样用特别的阴影线图案表示。在图1中这四层按上面所说的顺序相互重叠地画出。这些层按这个顺序在压力机上在热作用下相互压制在一起。图3中画出了由这些层结合在一起的完工构件1。
按图1预制的上覆盖层2具有一个基底层7，它主要由纤维素构成，它在压力和热的作用下和其它层结合在一起后它变成透明的。在纤维素内埋入刚玉颗粒形式的耐磨材料8。带耐磨材料8的基底层7在四周裹以结合剂9。在本结构形式中结合剂9由三聚氰氨树酯组成，并形成两个三聚氰氨树酯层9a和9b，其中三聚氰氨树酯层的外露表面9a形成地面的覆盖元件的可在上面行走的表面。这个表面由于磨损逐渐地磨掉。
特殊层3借助于一种专门的装饰承受层10制成，它由一种白纸组成。在装饰承受层10的上侧面10a上是由涂料组成的装饰层4，它用彩色印刷方法做在上面。在这个工序以后层3四周涂上结合剂12。同样采用三聚氰氨树酯作为结合剂12，它形成两个三聚氰氨树酯层12a和12b。
底板5由HDF板(高密度纤维板)构成。作为选择它可以由MDF(中密度纤维板)、木屑板、桌面板、胶合木板或其他板材构成。
下覆盖层6基本上由纸质吸附层13制成。它的四周同样用一种结合剂14包裹。结合剂14目前也由三聚氰氨树酯组成，并形成三聚氰氨树酯层14a和14b。在图1中吸附层13的厚度相当于基底层7和装饰承受层10厚度之和，因此覆盖元件不会由于层7、10和13内的内应力而弯曲。
装饰承受层10缺憾地不能对提高覆盖元件1的耐磨性有所帮助，因为它位于装饰层4之下。
吸附层13做得厚于基底层7。厚度的增加量相当于装饰承受层10的厚度。装饰承受层10增大了覆盖元件1总的厚度。由于装饰承受层10做得比较厚的吸附层13又增加覆盖元件1的总厚度。因此对于已知覆盖元件需要许多材料，这增加了重量。
图2中表示按新方法制造的覆盖元件1的预制层。由这些层拼合成的覆盖元件1在图4中画出。上覆盖层2和特别是设置在它里面的基底层7的厚度相当于在图1中对于上覆盖层2以及基底层7所表示的厚度。但是如图4中所见，拼合完工后覆盖元件1的总厚度D2明显地小于按图3的按已知方法制造的覆盖元件1。这个结果是由于取消了特殊层3和与按图3的结构相比做得只有一半厚的吸附层13。
这里按图2的预制的上覆盖层2同样具有一个基底层7，它主要由纤维素组成，并且在它里面埋入刚玉颗粒形式的耐磨材料8。放弃了具有特殊装饰承受层10的特殊层3。在这种结构形式中装饰层4用彩色印刷的方法做在基底层7的底面7a上。在所有多层在热作用下相互压制在一起以后位于基底层7下面的装饰层4是可见的。它通过这道工序后变得透明。
带有印刷在上面的装饰层4的基底层7在印刷以后四周用三聚氰氨树酯结合剂9包裹，它形成两个三聚氰氨树酯层9a和9b。下覆盖层6的吸附层13的厚度有利地只剩了这么大，就像上覆盖层2的基底层7的厚度一样。
图3中表示按现有技术状况的完工覆盖元件。它具有比较高的总厚度D1。借助于下面的图4和5显示出了按新方法制造的覆盖元件的优点。
按图4的覆盖元件的结构形式表示按新方法制造的覆盖元件，它具有一个比按图3的已知覆盖元件小的总厚度D2，因为它放弃了特殊的装饰承受层10。它较轻并用较小的材料费用制成。
在图5中表示另一种结构形式。这里总厚度D3相当于图3中的总厚度D1。在这两种覆盖元件的底板5的厚度相同以及总厚度相同(D1＝D3)的情况下图5中所示的基底层7比图3中已知覆盖元件的基底层7的厚度的两倍还厚。按图5的结构形式的优点在于：在装饰层4以上存在比两倍还多的耐磨材料8，同时覆盖元件1由于基底层7的厚度比两倍还厚，它的使用寿命也大致像按图3的覆盖元件两倍那样长。
在图6中表示按本发明的覆盖元件的一种结构形式，其中装饰层4不是直接做在上覆盖层2基底层7的底面上。在这个实施例中基底层7上首先涂上三聚氰氨树酯结合剂9，它形成两个三聚氰氨树酯层9a和9b。装饰层4做在下三聚氰氨树酯层9b上。
在图7中画出了按本发明的覆盖元件的又一种结构形式。在这种方法中装饰层4印刷在底板5的上侧面上。
按图6和图7所示的结构形式的覆盖元件的总厚度明显地小于按图3的已知覆盖元件的总厚度。
                   符号表1  覆盖元件                    9b  三聚氰氨树酯层2  透明上覆盖层                10  装饰承受层3  特殊层                      10a 上表面(装饰承受层)4  装饰层                      12  结合剂5  底板                        12a 三聚氰氨树酯层5a 上表面(底板)                12b 三聚氰氨树酯层5b 底面(底板)                  13  吸附层6  下覆盖层                    14  结合剂层7  基底层                      14a 三聚氰氨树酯层7a 上表面(基底层)              14b 三聚氰氨树酯层7b 底面(基底层)                D1  总厚度8  耐磨材料                    D2  总厚度9  结合剂                      D3  总厚度9a 三聚氰氨树酯层

Claims (12)

1.用于建筑物表面等等的耐抗的覆盖元件的制造方法，特别是制造用于地面的装饰性覆盖元件的方法，覆盖元件采用许多层在压力和热的作用下按三明治的形式相互结合在一起，覆盖元件具有一个设置在装饰一侧上面的透明的上覆盖层(2)，一个装饰层(4)，一个底板(5)和一个下覆盖层(6)，其中上覆盖层(2)由一个基底层(7)预制成，它里面埋入耐磨材料(8)，并设有结合剂(9)，其特征在于：装饰层(4)做在底板(5)上或上覆盖层(2)的底面(2b)区域内，并与底板(5)或上覆盖层(2)一起加工成一个预制层。
2.按权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：装饰层(4)由用涂料的涂层制成。
3.按权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于：装饰层(4)做在覆盖层(2)基底层(7)的底面(7b)上。
4.按权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于：在上覆盖层(2)基底层(7)的底面(7b)上涂上结合剂层(9)，再在结合剂层上涂上装饰层(4)。
5.按权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于：装饰层(4)做在底板(5)的上表面(5a)上。
6.按权利要求2至5之任一项的方法，其特征在于：印制装饰层(4)的颜色。
7.用于制造耐抗的建筑物表面等等，特别是制造具有装饰性外观表面的地面的、按上述权利要求之任一项的方法制造的覆盖元件，至少由一个底板(5)、一个设置在外观可视面上的由带埋入里面的耐磨材料(8)以及一个至少覆盖基底层(7)外观面(5)的结合剂层的基底层(7)制成的透明的上覆盖层(2)、一个可以透过上覆盖层(2)看得到的装饰层(4)，以及一个带吸附层(13)的下覆盖层(6)组成，吸附层设置在底板(5)朝向建筑物表面的底面(5b)上，其特征在于；在上覆盖层(2)的基底层(7)和底板(5)之间单独地设有装饰层(4)和结合剂层(9)，吸附层(13)的层厚基本上相当于基底层(7)的层厚。
8.按权利要求7的覆盖元件，其特征在于：装饰层(4)由涂料组成。
9.按权利要求7或8的覆盖元件，其特征在于：装饰层(4)设置在上覆盖层(2)基底层(7)的底面(7b)上。
10.按权利要求7或8的覆盖元件，其特征在于：在上覆盖层(2)基底层(7)的底面(7b)上设置一个结合剂层(9)和在它上面的装饰层(4)。
11.按权利要求7或8的覆盖元件，其特征在于：装饰层(4)设置在底板(5)上表面(5a)上。
12.按权利要求8至11之任一项的覆盖元件，其特征在于：装饰层(4)的颜色是印制在上面的。
CN98808004A 1997-08-14 1998-08-14 用于建筑物表面等等的覆盖元件以及它的制造方法 Pending CN1266400A (zh)

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