CN1244517A - Long-acting sepiolite fertilizer - Google Patents
Long-acting sepiolite fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN1244517A CN1244517A CN 99115548 CN99115548A CN1244517A CN 1244517 A CN1244517 A CN 1244517A CN 99115548 CN99115548 CN 99115548 CN 99115548 A CN99115548 A CN 99115548A CN 1244517 A CN1244517 A CN 1244517A
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- fertilizer
- sepiolite
- breeze
- nitrogenous
- ammonium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Long lasting sepiolite fertilizer is a fertilizer including nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassic fertilizer, and recompounded the fertilizer with certain amount of sepiolite powder added. It can inhibit ammonolysis of nitrogen fertilizer to raise the total nitrogen absorbing amount of plants, prolong moisture holding period and increase the effective potassium, substituting calcium and magnesium contents in soil. Experiments show that it can increase the yield of rice, cotton and other crops, increase green leaf number of flowers and decrease the amount of nitrogen entering and polluting the environment.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of nitrogenous fertilizer, especially long-acting sepiolite fertilizer.
Applied nitrogen is important measures of increasing crop yield, but its utilization ratio is low, and effect of increasing production is day by day reduced, and even more serious is pollution of ecological environment.This is from synthetic ammonia because of the nitrogenous fertilizer preparation, and synthetic ammonia is the basic raw material of making nitrogenous fertilizer, and the nitrogenous fertilizer that is processed into by synthetic ammonia is divided into ammonium fertilizer, nitrate fertilizer, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, acyl ammonium fertilizer, cyanogen ammonium fertilizer by its nitrogen form.The bicarbonate of ammonia of using always in the existing nitrogenous fertilizer (nitrogen ammonium), urea, sulphur ammonium, oronain etc. are ammonium fertilizers, and ammonium fertilizer Chang Yi causes the volatilization of ammonium.For example the carbon ammonium is by NH
4 +And HCO
3 -These two kinds of ionic radius are big, and the weak colourless monoclinic crystal of being formed of the little combination of interionic attraction easily decomposes ammonification (HN
3), carbonic acid gas (CO
2) and water (H
2O), cause the volatilization loss of ammonia, most of nitrogen enters environment and pollutes, thereby nitrogen utilization efficiency is low.According to using N
15Isotope tracer technique is measured, sulphur ammonium [(NH
4) SO
4] utilization ratio is 44.1%, urea [(NH
4)
2CO] utilization ratio is 39.1%, and carbon ammonium utilization ratio is 26.3%, and the utilization ratio of powdery carbon ammonium top application paddy rice also has only (23.3 ± 6) %.Though applied nitrogen can produce all negative issues, nitrogen fertilizer amount is still many at present, occupies on phosphorus (P), the potassium fertilizer such as (K) at its portion on that increases grain yield.Therefore the long-acting added-acting of nitrogenous fertilizer becomes a difficult problem in world today's fertilizer field to improve its utilization ratio, so just has with the nitrogenous fertilizer of various forms through further processing development and the invention with the slowly-releasing attitude nitrogenous fertilizer that improves its utilization ratio.Existing slowly-releasing attitude nitrogenous fertilizer adopts two kinds of technology manufacturings: the urea formaldehyde that (1) is prepared from by chemical process, oxamide etc.; (2) utilize a coating and a pressure grain control release rate of nitrogen, as coating urea, pressure grain carbon ammonium, granulated fertilizer etc.And seek a kind of natural mineral matter, and utilize its characteristic also can play the slowly-releasing of nitrogen to nitrogenous fertilizer, free from environmental pollutionly also can improve the soil, this is the new problem of agrogeology and material mineralogical study in recent years.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of with mineral material and nitrogenous fertilizer physical mixed, utilizing the characteristic of mineral material to reach makes nitrogen fertilizer slow-releasing to improve its utilization ratio, contained some no element also can be used as nutrient in the mineral material simultaneously, its physical structure can be improved the soil again, and can make increasing crop yield, the long-acting sepiolite fertilizer of non-environmental-pollution again.
Sepiolite is a kind of clay mineral with interlamination region ion-exchange performance, strong absorption property and strong dispersing property (agglomeration resistance), contains a kind of clay mineral of the required nutrient of crop simultaneously again.The numerous characteristics of sepiolite can be used for agriculture production, main application has four: one, and its mineral structure determines its porosity very high, the specific surface area of hole reaches the 800-900 meters squared per gram, so its adsorptivity is strong, shelter has first of the mineral, the moisture content of its absorption can reach the 200-250% of own wt, the available nutrient of its energy fixing soil, as make fast potassium become " slow potassium ", alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen becomes " imitating attitude nitrogen late ", they need rule to discharge by plant under certain condition again.Therefore it is a chemical fertilizer, particularly the nitrogen sustained release agent of nitrogenous fertilizer; The 2nd, even adsorbing other material, it is soaking under the state, also have the mechanics resistance of not disintegration, so its dispersing property is good, can be used for preventing chemical fertilizer, the agricultural chemicals moisture absorption and the dispersion agent that lumps, make it to keep dispersion state for a long time and do not lose its effect; The 3rd, it is easy to dismiss to form irregular fibre network in solution, comprises this solution medium and shows as very strong rheological and make it to become stable suspension, can be used as the suspension agent of breeding; The 4th, it is a kind of clay mineral, and joining in the heavy soil of grittiness to increase clay, and its hole is grown very much, joins the heavy soil of viscosity and can improve its drain and ventilation property.Therefore it also is a kind of good soil improvement agent.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved in that and the present invention includes nitrogenous fertilizer (carbon ammonium, urea, sulphur ammonium, oronain) that phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, above-mentioned fertilizer are powdery or granular.It is characterized in that:
(1), in above-mentioned fertilizer, add a certain proportion of sepiolite breeze respectively and be mixed with sepiolite nitrogenous fertilizer, sepiolite compound fertilizer.Sepiolite content in the sepiolite breeze wherein should be greater than 25%, the SiO in its Chemical Composition
2Content range should be 55-65%, and MgO content should be 20-25%, and the sepiolite powder fineness should be generally about 300 orders greater than 200 orders, and moisture content should be less than 5%;
(2), described sepiolite nitrogenous fertilizer kind and configuration proportion thereof are as follows:
1. sepiolite carbon ammonium: sepiolite breeze 10-20%, carbon ammonium 80-90%;
2. sepiolite urea: Hai Pao ore deposit breeze 5-10%, urea 90-95%;
3. sepiolite sulphur ammonium: sepiolite breeze 7-15%, sulphur ammonium 85-93%;
4. sepiolite oronain; Sepiolite breeze 7-15%, oronain 85-93%.
(3) described sepiolite compound fertilizer comprises the paddy rice compound fertilizer special, the cotton compound fertilizer special; Need effective constituent according to crop nutrition content and prepare by a certain percentage with sepiolite nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer.
Below proportioning of the present invention and preparation technology are described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments.
One, material
1, sepiolite
The mineralogical composition of sepiolite mainly is sepiolite, quartz, talcum, calcite, and chemical ingredients is mainly Si, Mg, and its molecular formula is Mg
5[Si
12O
30] (CH)
4BH
2O.Sepiolite as long-acting sepiolite fertilizer must satisfy following three conditions.
1) scpiolitc content should be greater than 25%, and the mensuration of sepiolite is passed through following steps in the ore:
1. sampling: random acquisition in the breeze of having processed, being not less than that the sampling of 5 sampling points joins is a sample.
2. sample preparation: the sample for preparing is poured in the sample framework, vertically compressed moulding, its face is promptly as test surfaces.
3. test: with the scanning of X diffractometer.
4. mineralogical composition is determined: each sample repeats sample preparation three times at least, and each sample of making must scan secondary, presses the diffracted ray levels of accumulation then, obtains the content of sepiolite, quartz, calcite, talcum etc. according to formula.
2) SiO in the chemical ingredients of sepiolite
2Content range should be 55-65%, and the MgO content range should be 20-25%, and they are samples of gathering by the above-mentioned method of sampling, carries out that the silicate total analysis determines.
3) the sepiolite breeze that is processed into by sepiolite is finished through the following steps, and each step must satisfy desired condition.
1. raw ore removal of impurities: when mining (being generally opencast mining), remove foreign material such as stone, tree root by hand.
2. drying dewaters: require carrying out below 100 ℃, can adopt according to industrial scale:
A, seasoning: dry as under the sunlight, airing.
B, drying plant drying: as the calorifier drying.
3. be processed into breeze: require fineness＞200 orders, be generally about 300 orders, moisture＜5%, available R type Raymond machine is pulverized.
2, meet nitrogenous fertilizer, the potash fertilizer of international requirement and the trace element of joining fertile usefulness.
Two, preparation technology
1, the sepiolite breeze mixes with nitrogenous fertilizer by a certain percentage, requires its uniformity coefficient to reach more than 95%, looks turnout and can adopt:
1. manual mixing: mix thoroughly repeatedly by 2-3 human spades and to be no less than three times.
2. mechanically mixing: material is conveyed into stirrer by belt and stirs.
2, be incorporated with the woven bag of plastic film substrate after mixing thoroughly, the pack sealing, a bag face is indicated target level of product quality, weight.
Three, embodiment
1, sepiolite nitrogenous fertilizer
1. sepiolite carbon ammonium: sepiolite breeze 10-20%, carbon ammonium 80-90%.
2. sepiolite urea: sepiolite breeze 5-10%, urea 90-95%.
3. sepiolite sulphur ammonium: sepiolite breeze 7-15%, sulphur ammonium 85-93%.
4. sepiolite oronain: sepiolite breeze 7-15%, oronain 85-93%.
For example: impose on 1000 kilograms of the sepiolite carbon ammoniums of early rice, need 800 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, 200 kilograms of sepiolite breezes mix at normal temperatures, and uniformity coefficient should be more than 95%.The sepiolite carbon ammonium of late rice needs 850 kilograms of carbon ammoniums for 1000 kilograms, and 150 kilograms of sepiolite breezes mix at normal temperatures, and uniformity coefficient should be more than 95%.It is identical below 2., 3., 4. to plant compound method.
2, sepiolite compound fertilizer
Prepare in certain available nutrient ratio according to the crop nutrition content needs with sepiolite nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer.
1. paddy rice compound fertilizer special:
Available nutrient by sepiolite nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer is joined fertile principle according to surveying soil, and its ratio is N: P
2O
55: K
2O=1: 0.34: 0.35-1: 0.5: 0.6, add certain trace element simultaneously, as prepare 1000 kilograms of paddy rice compound fertilizer specials, need 470 kilograms of sepiolite carbon ammoniums, 130 kilograms in sepiolite urea, 275 kilograms in fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, 125 kilograms in Repone K, Zinc Sulphate Monohydrate 2.5-5 kilogram (nitrogen, phosphorus, the corresponding 2.5-5 kilogram that reduces altogether of potash fertilizer consumption).
2. cotton compound fertilizer special
Available nutrient ratio N in sepiolite nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.35: 0.75 and add certain trace element, as prepare 1000 kilograms of cotton compound fertilizer specials, need 300 kilograms in sepiolite urea, sepiolite carbon ammonium double centner, 420 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 180 kilograms in Repone K, micronutrient boron+zinc 5-10 kilogram (nitrogen, phosphorus, the corresponding 5-10 kilogram that reduces altogether of potash fertilizer).
3. the preparation technology of compound fertilizer
A, by the technology of sepiolite nitrogenous fertilizer requirement, make sepiolite nitrogenous fertilizer in proportion.
B, the ratio that provides by compound fertilizer special are made compound fertilizer special with the identical requirement of sepiolite nitrogenous fertilizer preparation technology.
C, need and the fertile powder of sepiolite compound can be processed into particle fertilizer by the user, particle is fertile to be made has plurality of devices such as compound to grind the formula tablets press promptly to be.
The present invention has carried out a series of correlation tests, and potted plant, lab scale, field experiment are arranged, and brief description is as follows as a result for it:
One, substitutes the sepiolite carbon ammonium that an amount of carbon ammonium forms and the contrast of normal ammonium bicarbonate with the sepiolite breeze
1, executes NH in the water layer of sepiolite carbon ammonium
4-N concentration is low, and it underspeeds very soon, and normal ammonium bicarbonate drops to below 1 mg/litre needs 60 days, and sepiolite carbon ammonium only needs 21 days to 45 days, and this just shows fully that using sepiolite carbon ammonium volatilize its nitrogen and run off greatly reduction from irrigate from water layer.
2, with execute NH in the water layer of sepiolite carbon ammonium
4It is NH in the soil that-N concentration reduces opposite
4-N concentration increases.Other nutrient such as fast K, replacement property Ca, replacement property Mg also increase, and reach 54.6% as fast K available nutrient, and replacement property Ca reaches 106.7%, NH
4-N surpasses 50%.The available nutrient height of soil is because of sepiolite adsorbs it, and discharges in the later stage.Therefore execute the NH of early stage in the water layer of sepiolite
4-N concentration is low, after it is drained, behind a wheat harvesting period, pours water NH in the water again
4-N concentration increases.
3, sepiolite can suppress the volatilization of carbon ammonium effectively, and the evaporation rate line of carbon ammonium is that same Dou is blunt to being evaporated completely, and after adding the sepiolite breeze, early stage, the evaporation rate curve was identical, and the later stage is then different to be become Dou and lead very low intimate horizontal line, shows that evaporation rate is very low.Have the carbon ammonium of 20-30% to be adsorbed by sepiolite this moment approximately, and this part that is adsorbed obviously can discharge in the later stage and be made for thing and draw.
Show that by test-results the present invention can suppress ammonium effectively and separate nitrogen, make the total amount of nitrogen sucking of plant improve 7-8%, prolong 7-26 days water conservation phase; Effective potassium in the soil, replacement calcium and magnesium all have raising in various degree.
Three, the present invention uses farm crop all remarkable effect of increasing production.
1, by long-acting sepiolite fertilizer in about 6500 mu of paddy rice, cotton, flowers and other crops, 11 batches of field test results, increasing production of rice 8-15%, cotton volume increase 9.51-13.8%, flowers greenery number improves about 14%, the leaf chroma color improves 27%.
2, sepiolite powder adds in the chemical fertilizer, can reduce the nitrogen manure consumption, and main point is to make particularly nitrogen fertilizer slow-releasing of chemical fertilizer, takes all factors into consideration the increase part of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil, and the nitrogen utilization efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizer can improve 10-12%.
Four, the present invention can reduce the pollution to environment
Because the nitrogenous fertilizer of the desirable generation 10-20% of sepiolite breeze, get its average out to 15%, as pressing 534.75 ten thousand tons in Hunan annual production nitrogenous fertilizer (statistical value in 1996), so then there are every year 80.2 ten thousand tons not enter environment, as 30% being effective rate of utilization (crop absorption) wherein, then reduced promptly 560,000 tons of the contamination leveies 70% of environment; Be applied to farm crop with 85% of nitrogenous fertilizer gross output again, as improving nitrogen utilization efficiency 10%, the contamination level that has then alleviated environment has 45.4 ten thousand tons.It is free from environmental pollution to reduce so many nitrogenous fertilizer, can also increase fertility of land to improve the soil, and can improve crop yield about 10% again, if there is not a costly environment-friendly engineering can't realize so at all.Therefore in fact can think, use long-acting sepiolite fertilizer on the agricultural and be the great environment-friendly engineering of a uncomplicated protection ecological agriculture easy to implement.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of long-acting sepiolite fertilizer comprises nitrogenous fertilizer (carbon fertilizer, urea, sulphur ammonium, oronain), phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and above-mentioned fertilizer is powdery or granular, it is characterized in that:
(1), in above-mentioned fertilizer, add a certain proportion of sepiolite breeze respectively and be mixed with sepiolite nitrogenous fertilizer, sepiolite compound fertilizer; Sepiolite content in the sepiolite breeze should be greater than 25%, the SiO in its chemical ingredients
2Content range should be 55-65%, and MgO content should be 20-25%, and the sepiolite powder fineness should be greater than 200 orders, and moisture content should be less than 5%;
(2), described sepiolite nitrogenous fertilizer kind and configuration proportion thereof are as follows:
1. sepiolite carbon ammonium: sepiolite breeze 10-20%, carbon ammonium 80-90%;
2. sepiolite urea: sepiolite breeze 5-10%, urea 90-95%;
3. sepiolite sulphur ammonium: sepiolite breeze 7-15%, sulphur ammonium 85-93%;
4. sepiolite oronain: sepiolite breeze 7-15%, oronain 85-93%.
(3), described sepiolite compound fertilizer comprises the paddy rice compound fertilizer special, the cotton compound fertilizer special; It is to prepare in certain available nutrient ratio according to the crop nutrition content needs with sepiolite nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer.
2, long-acting sepiolite fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that the paddy rice compound fertilizer special is the available nutrient ratio N in sepiolite nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.34: 0.35-1: 0.5: 0.6, add certain micro-formulated simultaneously.
3, long-acting sepiolite fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that the cotton compound fertilizer special is the available nutrient ratio N in sepiolite nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer: P
2O
3: K
2O=1: 0.35: 0.75 and add certain micro-formulated.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99115548 CN1244517A (en) | 1999-08-31 | 1999-08-31 | Long-acting sepiolite fertilizer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99115548 CN1244517A (en) | 1999-08-31 | 1999-08-31 | Long-acting sepiolite fertilizer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1244517A true CN1244517A (en) | 2000-02-16 |
Family
ID=5278490
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99115548 Pending CN1244517A (en) | 1999-08-31 | 1999-08-31 | Long-acting sepiolite fertilizer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1244517A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100363310C (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2008-01-23 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for producing mixed high-concentration slow-release fertilizer |
| CN100363311C (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2008-01-23 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for producing slow-release and release control fertilizer for tomatoes |
| CN102241548A (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2011-11-16 | 天津市昊昌实业有限公司兴马化肥厂 | Novel chemical fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102731206A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-17 | 安徽省司尔特肥业股份有限公司 | Nitrogen rich flower fertilizer and its preparation method |
| CN103083416A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2013-05-08 | 亳州市永刚饮片厂有限公司 | Production method of radix paeoniae alba decoction pieces |
| CN112898087A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-04 | 广西桉塔森农业科技有限公司 | Slow-release compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
-
1999
- 1999-08-31 CN CN 99115548 patent/CN1244517A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100363310C (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2008-01-23 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for producing mixed high-concentration slow-release fertilizer |
| CN100363311C (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2008-01-23 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for producing slow-release and release control fertilizer for tomatoes |
| CN102241548A (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2011-11-16 | 天津市昊昌实业有限公司兴马化肥厂 | Novel chemical fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102731206A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-17 | 安徽省司尔特肥业股份有限公司 | Nitrogen rich flower fertilizer and its preparation method |
| CN103083416A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2013-05-08 | 亳州市永刚饮片厂有限公司 | Production method of radix paeoniae alba decoction pieces |
| CN112898087A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-04 | 广西桉塔森农业科技有限公司 | Slow-release compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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