CN1235676C - 多反应床的下流型反应器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一个多反应床的下流型反应器,包括垂直地隔开的反应床(2a,2b),优选地为催化剂颗粒床,并且在相邻的反应床之间,具有用于混合液体的混合装置(5),该混合装置(5)包括:(i)一个基本上为水平的收集板(6),(ii)在收集板(6)下面的用于混合液体的漩涡室(7),该漩涡室有一个直接与收集板(6)的上面(9)流体连通的上端口部份,和一个在它下端的出口(10),(iii)在漩涡室(7)下面的一个基本上为水平的分配板(13),该分配板(13)为下流的液体和气体提供了多个开口或下导管(14),在该反应器内,每个反应床都安装在具有中心孔(25)的支撑板(3)上,并且该反应器还包括端部开口的管道(23)延伸穿过每个中心孔(25),以致形成一个垂直的滑槽(24),从混合装置(5)上面的反应床(2a)通到混合装置(5)下面的反应床(2b),其中混合装置(5)的漩涡室(7)位于开口管道(23)的周围。本发明进一步涉及在烃类处理时这种反应器的使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一个具有用于混合流体的混合装置的多反应床下流型反应器,并且涉及在碳化氢处理中这种反应器的使用。
背景技术
一个多反应床下流型反应器是一个反应器,在该反应器内气体和液体同时向下流经一些安排成一个在另一个下面的反应床。这种反应器用于化学工业和石油精炼工业的各种处理过程,比如催化脱蜡,氢化处理和氢化裂解。在这些过程中液相典型地与气相混合,并且混合流体流过反应床中的颗粒催化剂。
当这些流体同时通过反应床时,相对于反应范围以及温度分布,横跨反应床的液体和气体的分布容易变得不均匀而导致不利的结果。为了获得均匀的液体和气体的分布,以及进入下一层反应床的液体的均匀温度分布,通常在反应床之间设置一液体混合装置,该混合装置有许多不同的类型。这些装置提供了液体-液体、气体-气体和气体-液体混合,并且为下一层反应床上的混合流体提供了均匀的分布。
在技术上已知一些这样的流体混合装置。已知的流体混合装置,例如在EP 716 881,WO 97/46303,和WO 99/28024中公开。
当催化剂的活动性不再满足需要的时候,该催化剂需要被新鲜的或再生的催化剂代替。在较重的碳化氢油(比如真空蒸馏生成的较重的馏分)的特殊情况下,加氢处理通常形成过量的焦炭,这些焦炭会引起催化剂颗粒凝聚成固体块,以致除去使用过的催化剂通常需要相当的时间和工作量。现有各种不同的方法除去结块的催化剂。方法之一是给支撑板设置一些开口,在催化剂被切成小块之后,经过这些开口被清除。再经由同样的开口给催化剂床提供新鲜的或再生的催化剂。
为了减少费用、节约时间、保障人员健康和安全,希望能在外部装卸催化剂,即,不需要人员直接进入反应器。在技术上(例如从EP679 431)已知,使用穿过反应器(如一个混合装置)内部的垂直管道可以装卸催化剂颗粒。
这种管道位于反应器容器的纵向中轴线时是有利的,因为这减小了卸载的催化剂床的任何一点到该卸载管道之间的距离。而且,由于现存的反应器容器在其顶部通常有一个中间的较宽的检修人孔,在中间的卸载管道的情形下,这个检修人孔可以用于钻孔和喷水。因此,一个经过反应器内部的中间大管道特别适用于在外部装卸催化剂。
然而,用于装卸催化剂的中间大管道的缺点是,在正常的操作期间,当使用技术上已知的流体混合装置时,它将会妨碍气体和液体的均匀分布,而且妨碍进入下一层催化剂床的液体温度的均匀分布。
业已发现,如果使用了有漩涡室的用于混合流体的混合装置,并且漩涡室同轴地安装在管道周围,也可以在具有可用于卸载催化剂的中间大管道的反应器中获得非常好的气体和液体分布。
发明内容
因此,本发明涉及的多反应床的下流型反应器包括垂直地隔开的反应床,优选地是催化剂颗粒床,并且在相邻的反应床之间,有用于混合液体的混合装置,该混合装置包括:
(i)一个基本上为水平的收集板,
(ii)在收集板下面的用于混合液体的漩涡室,该漩涡室有一个直接与收集板的上面流体连通的上端口部份,和一个在它下端的出口,
(iii)在漩涡室下面的一个基本上为水平的分配板,该分配板为下流的液体和气体提供了多个开口或下导管,
在该反应器内,每个反应床都安装在具有中心孔的支撑板上,并且该反应器还包括端部开口的管道延伸穿过中心孔,以致形成一个垂直的滑槽,从混合装置上面的反应床通到混合装置下面的反应床,其中混合装置的漩涡室位于开口管道的周围。
管道可以有任何的几何形状。例子包括圆筒形的,矩形或锥形管道。 每个管道的内径应该足够大,允许用水喷射切割、机械的钻机切割、或使用通过管道的扩张气体夹头来形成催化剂块,并且允许使用已知的外部操作方法进行准确的切割和钻孔,即,不需要人进入反应器。适当的内径可以从20cm到1m。优选的管道内径在30到75cm的范围内。
在反应器的正常操作期间,每个管道的上端可以装一个可移去的隔板,例如EP 679 431所公开的一种中断板。具有可移去隔板的管道的优点是在正常的操作期间没有气体和液体的旁路经过管道到达下一层的反应床。
如果管道有一个隔板,每个管道会典型地从催化剂床的下端延伸到该床下面的分配板或者到下一层催化剂床的上面。假如管道没有隔板,管道会典型地从催化剂床的下端延伸到下一层催化剂床的某处。在这种情况下,在反应器的正常操作期间,管道可典型地被低空隙度的惰性填充物(如陶瓷的颗粒)填充。
已经发现,如果漩涡室的长度和直径为某一特定比值,根据本发明的反应器可以为大范围的气体和液体装载量提供极佳的混合操作,典型地是从正常装载量的33%到200%。为了获得最佳的流体混合,尤其在下降速比大的情况下,优选的漩涡室的长度至少是其内径的0.35倍,是其内径的0.50倍更好,最好是其内径的0.65倍。为了限制混合装置的长度和它在反应器中所占的体积,长度通常不超过其内径的1.5倍。
这里,漩涡室的长度是指入口的最低点和它的出口之间的垂直距离。在多边形漩涡室的情况下,它的内径是指在相对侧壁之间、通过漩涡室中轴线的最大横截面的距离。
根据本发明的混合装置,除了安排一个漩涡室绕着中心管道,可以安排另外的一个或多个的漩涡室。
混合装置的基本上为水平的收集板可以是弯曲的或锥形的,并且漩涡室的上端部份直接与收集板的最低点的上表面流体连通。这里所述的基本上为水平的板是指该板有与水平面垂直的对称轴线。优选地,收集板是平的。
优选地,收集板还设有气体的通道装置,其形式为至少一个下导管延伸穿过收集板,下导管提供了位于收集板上部的气体进口和位于收集板下表面水平处或下面的气体出口。下导管最好在气体进口的上部设有一个液体的导流板。气体出口可以是轴向的或径向的。优选的,下导管有一个使用弯板的径向出口,为了将压力下降减到最小,该弯板将气体引导到径向出口。
为了多反应床下流型反应器的反应床之间对流出物冷却,混合装置可以进一步包括一个在收集板上方的分配急冷流体的装置。在技术上已知一些分配急冷流体的装置,如专利,EP 427 733、US 3,787,189和US 3,855,068中有说明。
在漩涡室出口的下面,该混合装置有一个分配板,用于在液体进入下一反应床之前均匀地分配气体和液体。在技术上已知一些适当的分配板,如在EP 716 881,EP 715 544,和US 5,989,502中公开。优选的分配板是在EP 716 881中公开的。
混合装置可以进一步包括在漩涡室和分配板之间的基本上为水平的预分配板。在技术上这种预分配板是已知的。在外形上预分配板可以是圆形,正方形或矩形的,最好它的直径比分配板的直径小。最好,在预分配板的周边有一个溢流堰。该板具有多个开孔,最好位于它的周边附近。有预分配板的优点是它使液体更均匀地散布到分配板上,并且有助于促进液体-液体交互作用,进而使液体平衡。
根据本发明的反应器至少有一个气体和/或液体的进口,至少一个反应器流出物的出口,和至少二个连续的反应床,典型地是催化剂颗粒床,每个床装在一个支撑板上。在技术上这些适当的支撑板的结构是已知的。例如,普遍使用的支撑板包括一个或多个能透过的板,比如装在支撑梁上的筛子板,而催化剂床装在所述的能透过的板上。在催化剂床发生反应而形成的气体和液体产品通过所述的能透过的板,送到后面的催化剂床或反应器出口。这种反应器典型地用于烃类油的加氢处理。
在另一方面,本发明涉及多反应床的下流型反应器的使用,像上述的烃类处理,最好用于催化脱蜡,氢化处理,氢化裂解,或加氢脱硫处理。
附图说明
现在通过图1和2用举例的方式说明本发明的反应器。
图1是根据本发明的反应器的部分的纵剖面图。
图2是图1所示的混合装置的气体下导管道的纵剖面图,该剖面为通过图1的II-II线并且在与图1所示平面相垂直的平面内。
具体实施方式
在图1中,示出了多催化剂床反应器的侧壁1和两个相邻的催化剂床2a和2b的一部份。催化剂床2a和2b安装在筛板3上,被支撑梁支撑着(未示出)。混合装置5位于催化剂床2a和2b之间。该混合装置5包括一个平的水平收集板6和一个位于收集板6下面的漩涡室7。漩涡室7有四个进口喷嘴28(仅示出了两个进口喷嘴),这些喷嘴直接与收集板6的上表面9流体连通。该漩涡室还有在该漩涡室的环形出口10附近的风扇29和在液体通过它时产生漩涡运动的装置11。混合装置5还包括气体通道装置,该装置有三个延伸穿过收集板6的气体下导管12(仅示出一个下导管)。位于漩涡室7的下面是一个设有多个下导管14的分配板13,在漩涡室7和分配板13之间是一个有溢流堰16和多个开口17的预分配板15。混合装置还包括一急冷环18。
反应器有一个端部开口的中间大管道23,形成从催化剂床2a到下面的催化剂床2b的垂直滑槽24,用于催化剂的装卸。催化剂床2a固定在筛板3上,筛板3设有一个中心孔25,开口管道23延伸穿过该孔。管道23也延伸穿过混合装置5。漩涡室7同轴地绕在管道23的外面。在它的上端,管道23被中断板26关闭。在图1中所示的实施例中,管道23的上端位于筛板3的上表面的上方,催化剂床2a固定在筛板3上。在那种情况下,反应床位于在管道23的上端下面的那部份充满了惰性的支撑材料,例如陶瓷的颗粒层27。于是催化剂床2a位于惰性的支撑材料层27之上。
在图1所示的混合装置的正常操作期间,催化剂床2a的流出物被急冷环18的急冷流体冷却。流出的液体集中在收集板6上,并且通过其进口喷嘴28进入漩涡室7。在漩涡室7中,扰动装置11使流体产生漩涡运动。用于使流体产生漩涡运动的适当装置在技术上是已知的,例如一个切线的进口、旋转风扇、或者装在漩涡室的侧壁内表面的挡板、或类似装置。另在液体上的漩涡作用和漩涡室的长度相结合,导致在液体和气体通过量很宽范围内生产液体-液体极好的混合。根据本发明的混合装置的一个优点就是在漩涡室7中形成的液体-液体的混合程度实际上与气体的装载量无关。混合液体经由出口10离开漩涡室7。最好,漩涡室7在出口附近装有风扇29或类似装置,以停止液体的漩涡运动,因此会增加扰动并进一步的改善液体-液体混合。来自催化剂床2a的流出气体经由气体下导管12通过收集板6。部分流出气体可以经由漩涡室7通过收集板6。应该明白什么部分流出气体将通过气体通道装置,什么部分流出气体将通过漩涡室尤其取决于气体和液体的装载量,漩涡室进口的大小、形状和位置,和气体通道装置的气体进口的大小、形状和位置。
作为替代方案,根据本发明的反应器没有气体通道的分开装置,在这种情况下所有的流出气体将经过漩涡室而通过收集板。
在根据本发明的混合装置中,气体-气体混合物受到急冷和气体通过下导管气体12和/或漩涡室7的影响。
离开漩涡室7的液体集积在预分配板15上,在那里经过开孔17向下通到分配板13,或者有时,越过溢流边16。气体被预分配板15改变方向而流到分配板13。
在分配板13,平衡的气体和液体被带到一起。分配板13有两个目的。第一,在液体进入下一层反应床2b之前,均匀地分配液体和气体,第二,它允许液体和气体之间相互接触,以提供液体-气体交互作用。
在图2中,更为详细地示出图1的一个气体下导管12。下导管12有一个在收集板6上面的气体进口19,一个径向的气体出口20,位于收集板6下面,位于气体进口19上面的导流板21,和一个弯曲的板22引导气体通过下导管直到径向的气体出口20。
Claims (9)
1.一个多反应床的下流型反应器,包括垂直地隔开的催化剂颗粒床,并且在相邻的催化剂颗粒床之间,具有用于混合液体的混合装置,该混合装置包括:
(i)一个水平的收集板,
(ii)在收集板下面的用于混合液体的漩涡室,该漩涡室有一个直接与收集板的上面流体连通的上端口部份,和一个在它下端的出口,
(iii)在漩涡室下面的一个水平的分配板,该分配板为下流的液体和气体提供了多个开口或下导管,
在该反应器内,每个催化剂颗粒床都安装在具有中心孔的支撑板上,并且该反应器还包括端部开口的管道延伸穿过每个中心孔,以致形成一个垂直的滑槽,从混合装置上面的催化剂颗粒床通到混合装置下面的催化剂颗粒床,其中混合装置的漩涡室同轴地绕在开口管道的外面。
2.根据权利要求1的反应器,其特征在于在正常的操作期间,管道的上端装有一个可移去的隔板。
3.根据权利要求2的反应器,其特征在于所述的可移去的隔板是一个中断板。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项的反应器,其特征在于漩涡室的长度至少是其内径的0.35倍,和最大为其内径的1.5倍。
5.根据权利要求1的反应器,其特征在于收集板还设有气体的通道装置。
6.根据权利要求5的反应器,其特征在于气体的通道装置为至少一个下导管延伸穿过收集板,下导管提供了位于收集板上部的气体进口和位于收集板下表面水平处或下面的气体出口。
7.根据权利要求1的反应器,其特征在于该反应器还包括分配急冷流体的装置,该装置位于收集板上方。
8.根据权利要求1的反应器,其特征在于该反应器还包括在漩涡室和分配板之间的水平的预分配板。
9.根据权利要求1所述的多反应床下流型反应器用于烃类处理。
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EP (2) | EP1341875B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP2004524137A (zh) |
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CN (2) | CN100430458C (zh) |
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CN1479776A (zh) | 2004-03-03 |
US7070745B2 (en) | 2006-07-04 |
CA2431271A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
DE60105445D1 (de) | 2004-10-14 |
KR100830073B1 (ko) | 2008-05-16 |
KR20030053065A (ko) | 2003-06-27 |
EP1341875A1 (en) | 2003-09-10 |
US20040037759A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
EP1341876B1 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
DE60104894T2 (de) | 2005-04-21 |
JP2004524138A (ja) | 2004-08-12 |
DE60105445T2 (de) | 2005-09-22 |
CA2431271C (en) | 2010-11-09 |
US7078002B2 (en) | 2006-07-18 |
ATE273370T1 (de) | 2004-08-15 |
CN100430458C (zh) | 2008-11-05 |
DE60104894D1 (de) | 2004-09-16 |
JP4274794B2 (ja) | 2009-06-10 |
AU2002217112A1 (en) | 2002-06-24 |
KR20030065538A (ko) | 2003-08-06 |
KR100833826B1 (ko) | 2008-06-02 |
WO2002048286A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
CN1479775A (zh) | 2004-03-03 |
CA2431269A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
JP2004524137A (ja) | 2004-08-12 |
WO2002048287A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
AU2002233259A1 (en) | 2002-06-24 |
EP1341876A1 (en) | 2003-09-10 |
EP1341875B1 (en) | 2004-08-11 |
US20040028579A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
ATE275614T1 (de) | 2004-09-15 |
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