CN1230335A

CN1230335A - Fast hybrid seeds producing technology and seed bed with windbreaks culture process for 'Pinggu' mushroom

Info

Publication number: CN1230335A
Application number: CN 98105097
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邹书海
Original assignee: ZOU SUHAI
Current assignee: ZOU SUHAI
Priority date: 1998-03-26
Filing date: 1998-03-26
Publication date: 1999-10-06
Anticipated expiration: 2018-03-26
Also published as: CN1091343C

Abstract

The fast breeding technology adopts inoculation in the surface, inside and bottom of culture medium to increase sprouting points and leaves certain space inside the culture medium to ensure sufficient oxygen inside the culture medium for the fast growth of hypha. The cold bed culture process using straw includes two steps of softening straw and cold bed culture. The said method is suitable for large area culture of 'Pinggu' mushroom, can pick mushroom for 5-8 times and results in biological conversion rate as high as 120-200%.

Description

Flat simple and easy quick seed production technology and the cold frame culture method of eating

The invention belongs to edible mashroom cultivating technology and culture technique field, relate in particular to flat eat simple and easy quick seed production technology and cold frame culture method.

The conventional flat solid seeding technique of eating; Be that the medium that will be mixed with bacteriostatic agent is packed in the vial with carrying out steam sterilizing behind the tampon plug mouth, and in the air of drug disinfection, inoculate, under preference temperature, cultivate.What the sterilization of " simple edible mashroom cultivating method and mother culture media " CN1080464A, sterilization were promptly adopted is the boiling sterilization method.Because Ping Ru and the assorted bacterium that will eliminate belong to fungi big nation together, thus though having suppressed varied bacteria growing, disinfectant also reduced flat vitality of eating simultaneously, thus postponed the flat sprout time of eating mycelia; On the other hand; Steam sterilizing under the HTHP can cause bottle interior medium upper strata moisture content to volatilize in a large number, makes it to be not suitable for the germination and growth of mycelia; And in incubation, because heat that mycelial growth produced can constantly form water vapour, tampon the inner of plug mouthful will constantly absorb water vapour and outwards distribute, cause medium along with the growth of incubation time in withered disengagings bottle wall; Have, generally the 2cm at upper layer material is dark to culture medium inoculated owing to routine techniques again, thus medium in, lower floor just can't inoculate and sprout mycelia, mycelia have to be covered with bottle the end of to by last.Because above many unfavorable factors; Make and flat eat mycelia and under suitable 25-28 ℃, also want 25-30 talent to cover with bottle.In cultivation, though conventional bag is planted the success rate height, straw must be pulverized, and plastic bag cultivation cost height, complex procedures, time-consuming; Conventional bed is planted or cold frame culture, all is the close type cultivation that utilizes intact film wrapped to get up, and straw also must be pulverized.Because flat eating belongs to aerobic bacteria, adopts this cultivation method to be unfavorable for very much mycelial growth, and the breeding chance is provided for many anaerobic bacterias; And the oozy liquid of mycelial growth also can only accumulate on the counterdie, and the water vapour that the mycelia heat distributes can form the globule at the upper strata epiphragma again accumulate in charge level, and these all can cause, and mycelia water is secondary dead up and down, thus conventional plant, at the bottom of the cold frame culture success rate.In a word, no matter be that bag is planted, bed is planted or cold frame culture, can not utilize all that long straw crop commerial growing is flat eats and the anniversary produces, biological transformation efficient is low, can only lean on cultivate material inside can't absorb in other material the supply of trace element.

The objective of the invention is to provides a kind of flat eat simple and easy quick seed production technology and cold frame culture method at the flat slow peaceful low defective of cultivation biology conversion ratio of eating of conventional seeding technique mycelial growth of eating.

The objective of the invention is to realize by the following technical solutions:

Flat eat simple and easy quick seed production technology and adopted following method: make medium according to a conventional method, wet covering is crossed at medium charge level loam cake one deck in the charging back, so that behind the autoclave sterilization volatilization excessive moisture, the humidity that still can keep mycelial growth, the medium charge level is to expecting that there is a space at the end, be used to inoculate bacterial classification and supply with sufficient oxygen, guarantee in medium charge level, the material, the material end has bacterium colony to sprout simultaneously, be beneficial to mycelia and grow fast; It is internal layer that the acanthopore film is adopted in the sealing of production of hybrid seeds vessel port, and brown paper is outer field sealing means; Do not conform to disinfecting drug in the medium, without the disinfectant disinfecting air, and in the flame aseptic area, inoculate during inoculation, with flame disinfection utensil appearance.Flat cold frame culture method of eating, be to adopt flat the eating of the long straw cultivation of crop, concrete operations are carried out in two steps: (one) stalk is softening: will quantitatively lash as long stalk, and pile up an amount of immersion back, allow it interpenetrate suitable moisture content, on heat-insulation layer, build heap then, preserve moisture with film in the outside, heat-insulation layer is established on four-function and upper strata, feed steam at last, each the position temperature maintenance that makes material 50-70 ℃ 1-2 days, vexed again heap makes the Thermophilic Bacteria raised growth and hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin in the decomposing straw, makes it to be converted into carbohydrate; (2) cold frame culture: the long crops stalks after will softening is layered on the interior earth of cold bed, adopts layer to broadcast the method sowing, and charge level covers the acanthopore film, lid layer earth again on the acanthopore film, behind the long saturating composts or fertilisers of cultivating of mycelia, remove the acanthopore film, cover wet soil and go out to eat management.

Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in detail:

Of the present inventionly flat eat simple and easy quick seed production technology and adopted following method:

Make bacterium culture medium after corn flour is broken into half grain of rice size,, increase the sprouting point to increase postvaccinal bacterium colony number; Bottle behind the technology spice routinely, pinch the wet wood chip material of mistake under the current with have gentle hands at lid layer on the charge level after the bottling, and appropriate compacting, still can keep being fit to the humidity of mycelial growth behind the autoclaving volatilization excessive moisture that reaches a high temperature; Awl rod with thick fingers burrows the end of to from the medium charge level, be beneficial in the charge level, material at medium, material end inoculation, increase bacterium colony and sprout point, shortened the growth distance of each bacterium colony relatively, and guaranteed medium middle part and the required oxygen of bottom mycelial growth, and changing conventional cotton balls plug mouth and make internal layer for the acanthopore film, brown paper is made outer field sealing mode, film can be incubated, acanthopore can be breathed freely, and goes into the assorted bacterium of air outside brown paper can filter; Do not mix any disinfecting drug in the medium, without the disinfectant disinfecting air, and in the flame aseptic area that " germ-free air flow enlarge directed cover " enlarges, inoculate during inoculation, and, stop the stimulation of medicine mycelia with flame disinfection utensil appearance.

Flat eat the cold frame culture method, be mainly to utilize that the long stalk cold frame culture of crops is flat eats, concrete operations are divided into two and go on foot and carry out:

(1) stalk is softening: first raft was piled up after the long stalk of crops straw was quantitatively lashed, also soaks in right amount, allow it interpenetrate suitable moisture content, again by certain ventilation, on heat-insulation layer, carry out the liftoff heap of building, preserve moisture with film in the outside, establish heat-insulation layer with the upper strata all around, feeding steam at last makes each position temperature of material all maintain about 60 ℃ 24 hours, vexed again heap made the Thermophilic Bacteria raised growth in 40 hours and decomposed hemicellulose, cellulose and wood chip element in the straw, made it to be converted into carbohydrate;

(2) cold frame culture: the long straw base-material after will softening is shaken up and directly is layered on the interior earth of cold bed, bacterial classification adopts layer to broadcast method, because straw has the silk seam, actually cambium is broadcast and is added mixed seeding, can increase bacterial classification like this and sprout point, relatively shorten every bacterium colony and growth distance, charge level lid acanthopore film is preserved moisture and breathe freely, and the earth of acanthopore film upper cover 13 cm thicks is heat insulation, lucifuge, filtration are gone into the air bacterium of mixing outward; When the long saturating composts or fertilisers of cultivating of mycelia begins existing original hase, remove the acanthopore film, on cover 4 cm thicks wet soil go out to eat management.Because lower floor's earth can absorb the oozy moisture content of mycelial growth, the insulation of upper strata earthing can make the acanthopore film consistent with the material temperature, just can not be because of water vapour forms the globule, so the mycelia of the upper and lower bed of material can oedema death on the acanthopore film.

Adopt the flat simple and easy quick seed production technology of eating of the present invention, owing to do not contain disinfecting drug in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating, mycelium germination is not subjected to the inhibition of disinfecting drug, and sealing of medium container improves, and has guaranteed that medium has the humidity of suitable mycelial growth, simultaneously, in medium charge level, the material, material has mycelial growth in the end simultaneously, and oxygen abundance up and down is because above many technology are improved, under suitable temperature, inoculate the just visible sprouting mycelia of naked eyes after 16 hours.This flat eaten simple and easy quick seed production technology, and the mycelia growing way is fast, the fastest 7.5 days full bottles of original seed, test tube kind and produce kind of the fastest 8 days full bottles, and upper and lower cell age unanimity; Technology is simple, and production of hybrid seeds success rate is more than 98%.

Of the present invention putting down eaten the cold frame culture method, and crops straw need not be pulverized, and need not pack, and has simplified production process.Do not contain disinfecting drug in the medium, fully guaranteed spawn activity, mycelium germination is fast behind the cultivating bacterial spawn; Charge level lid acanthopore film and wet soil have played heat insulation, lucifuge, filtration and have gone into the effect of the assorted bacterium of air outward, cultivate material can not polluted.Adopt the flat cold frame culture method of eating of the present invention, because composts or fertilisers of cultivating all has earth up and down, the moisture content of secreting in the mycelial growth process just absorbs by earth, the insulation effect of upper strata earth, make the acanthopore film consistent with the material temperature, thereby avoided on film, forming the globule and can not cause the mycelia oedema death of layered material up and down, guaranteed the growth vigor of mycelia, thisly bury native cultivation and made full use of natural conditions cool in summer and warm in winter in the ground, the furrow face of going again shelters from heat or light, be equipped with artificial microclimate, can reach the cultivation of the annual four seasons; Adopt this method, mycelia can grow into four of furrow keep away with furrow bed mud soil 2cm about, the picked-up fruit body forms required trace element from earth, can adopt to estimate and eat the 5-8 tide, biological transformation ratio reaches 120-200%, the cultivation success rate reaches 100%, reaches high and stable yields, is the cultivation method of a kind of low input, high production.

Claims

1, flatly eat simple and easy quick system technology, technology makes medium routinely, it is characterized in that: cross wet covering at medium charge level loam cake one deck, after guaranteeing HTHP bacterium volatilization excessive moisture, medium still can keep being fit to the humidity of mycelial growth; The medium charge level is used to inoculate bacterial classification to expecting that there is a space at the end, makes in medium charge level, the material, the material end has mycelium germination simultaneously, and oxygen abundance up and down, is beneficial to mycelia and grows fast; It is internal layer that the acanthopore film is adopted in the sealing of production of hybrid seeds vessel port, and brown paper is outer field sealing means; Do not contain disinfecting drug in the medium, in the flame aseptic area, inoculate during inoculation, with flame disinfection utensil appearance;

2, flatly eat the cold frame culture method, it is characterized in that utilizing the long stalk cultivation of crop to put down and eat, concrete operations are carried out in two steps:

(1) stalk is softening: the long stalk of crop is quantitatively lashed, and an amount of immersion back accumulation, allow it interpenetrate suitable moisture content, building heap then on heat-insulation layer, preserves moisture with film in the outside, establishes heat-insulation layer with the upper strata all around, feed steam at last, each the position temperature maintenance that makes material 50-70 ℃ 1-2 days; Vexed again heap makes the Thermophilic Bacteria raised growth and hemicellulose in the decomposing straw, cellulose and quality not make it to be converted into carbohydrate;

(2) cold frame culture: the long crops stalks after will softening is layered on the interior earth of cold bed, and after planting, charge level covers the acanthopore film, reach and preserve moisture and breathe freely, lid layer earth again on the acanthopore film is behind the long saturating composts or fertilisers of cultivating of mycelia, remove the acanthopore film, cover wet soil and go out to eat management.