CN1218628A - Crude drug composition for feed addition for improving cultivation of fish grow - Google Patents
Crude drug composition for feed addition for improving cultivation of fish grow Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is medicinal composite as feed additive for sea fish and freshwater fish. The medicinal composite includes 13 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials of haw, licorice, Fructus Aurantii, Radix Platycodi, Pericarpium Citri, Reticulatae Viride, etc.,and it may further have the mixture of Amomum cardamonum, honeysuckle, Cortex Acanthopanacis Radicis and other Chinese medicinal materials added. The composite can raise the survival rate and growth rate of fish, raise feed efficiency and protect environmental pollution, and it is safe and unharmful to fish and the fish eater.
Description
The fish meal that the present invention relates to add when breeding seawater fish or fresh-water fishes in the feed of throwing and fish adds uses crude drug composition, said composition promotes the growth of fish, the efficient of raising feed, particularly environmental pollution is minimized owing to reducing excreta, and all harmless to fish and human body.
Because the overfishing aquatic resources face exhaustion just gradually, aquaculture gets most of the attention recently.But because the self-pollution in fish farm, coastal waters and red tide infringement, the productivity during marine fish culture is subjected to threatening significantly, and also has excreta and feed slag to pollute the problem at water source, upstream during freshwater aquiculture.Therefore between aquaculture and environmental problem, produce friction, and the exploitation of newly culturing the fish farm also is accompanied by the problem that output is difficult to increase considerably.
But just at present, though the open new fish farm difficulty of culturing, main is finds and promotes fish growth, improves productive method.It is to add animal growth hormone in the feed of throwing and fish that the long method of sashimi (raw fish) is cultured in present promotion.But this method is inappropriate, and this is because also just taken in the hormone of throwing with fish when people food fish, and the hormone that fish eats in the remaining feed slag together flows away, and has polluted the river.
Therefore need find the growth that promotes the object fish by the efficient that improves the feed of supplying with cultured fishes, and reduce the method that flows into the excreta in the river and reduce environmental pollution, the condition of this moment is must be all harmless to fish and human body.
The present invention promptly proposes at the problems referred to above, its objective is provides the fish feed compositions of additives, when throwing and added the feed of said composition, cultured fishes can improve digestion and the absorbability of fish, and make excreta reduce to minimum and reduce environmental pollution simultaneously, said composition also promote fish growth, improve productivity, and particularly to fish and to eat the human body of this fish all harmless.
Another object of the present invention provides the method for using described composition to promote cultivation of fish grow.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides the feed addictive composition that promotes cultivation of fish grow, wherein comprise crude drug powder.
For reaching above-mentioned another purpose, the invention provides the method that promotes cultivation of fish grow, it comprises to cultured fishes throws and the feed that is added with feed addictive composition, and described composition comprises crude drug powder.
The crude drug that uses in feed addictive composition of the present invention is hawthorn (CrataegiFructus), Radix Glycyrrhizae (Glycyrrhizae Radix), Fructus Aurantii (Aurantii Fructus), balloonflower root (Platycodi Radix), rascal (Aurantii Immatri Pericarpium), the banksia rose (Saussureae Radix), the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge (Cyperi Rhizoma), ageratum (AgastachisHerba), Fructus Hordei Germinatus (Hordei Fructus Germinitus), Divine Comedy (Massa MedicataFermentata), spina date seed (Zizyphi Spinosi Semen), fructus amomi (Amomi Semen) and fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus) also can further add Amomum cardamomum (Amoni Cardamomi Fructus) if desired, (Alpiniae KatsumadaiiSemen) in one's early teens, honeysuckle (Lonicerae Flos), cortex acanthopanacis (Acanthopanacis Cortex), the capsule of weeping forsythia (Forsythiae Fructus), schizonepeta (Nepetae Spica), the root of Dahurain angelica (AngelicaeDahuricae Radix), Chinese yam (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), lotus seeds (NelumbinisSemen), dried orange peel (Aurantii Nobilis Pericarpium), the mixture of the bark of official magnolia (MagnoliaeCortex) etc.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to accompanying drawing.
Brief Description Of Drawings:
Figure 1 shows that the flesh of fish to the processed group of raising with the feed of the crude drug composition that is added with the present invention and control group carries out organoleptic test's result.
Figure 2 shows that comparison in the total amount of the processed group of raising free amino acid relevant with taste and the related thing of nucleic acid with the flesh of fish in the control group with the feed of the crude drug composition that is added with the present invention.
Method provided by the invention can promote the growth of cultured fishes, and reduce simultaneously excreta as the cultured fishes of the reason of water pollution, wherein add a kind of Chinese medicine nutrient combination in the use in fish breeding feed, the main component of said composition is to use for a long time, can guarantee the crude drug of security. Be included in crude drug in the crude drug composition that feed of the present invention adds usefulness and be hawthorn, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Fructus Aurantii, balloonflower root, rascal, the banksia rose, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, spina date seed, ageratum, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy, dried orange peel, the bark of official magnolia, fructus amomi, Amomum cardamomum, in one's early teens, fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae, honeysuckle, cortex acanthopanacis, the capsule of weeping forsythia, schizonepeta, the root of Dahurain angelica, Chinese yam and lotus seeds. The physiologically active of these crude drugs and effect are as follows: the effect of hawthorn is the digestive pharmaceutical as animal fodder, Radix Glycyrrhizae can be in harmonious proportion the toxic action of the property of medicine, Fructus Aurantii, balloonflower root, rascal, the banksia rose, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge are strengthened activity, the spina date seed calmness of calming the nerves, fructus amomi, Amomum cardamomum, in one's early teens, fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy, dried orange peel magnolia obovata promote digestion, honeysuckle, cortex acanthopanacis, the capsule of weeping forsythia, schizonepeta and the root of Dahurain angelica strengthen the repellence of skin with disease of skin, and Chinese yam and lotus seeds can make muscle increase elasticity.
As of the present invention crude drug composition of cultured fishes with the feed addictive use, the composition (1) that preferably comprises hawthorn, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Fructus Aurantii, balloonflower root, rascal, the banksia rose, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, ageratum, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy, spina date seed, fructus amomi and fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae in the above-mentioned crude drug, also in the composition of (1), further add Amomum cardamomum, in one's early teens, the composition of the mixtures of honeysuckle, cortex acanthopanacis, the capsule of weeping forsythia, schizonepeta, the root of Dahurain angelica, Chinese yam, lotus seeds, dried orange peel, the bark of official magnolia etc. Especially, most preferably in the composition of above-mentioned (1), further add Amomum cardamomum, in one's early teens, honeysuckle, cortex acanthopanacis, the capsule of weeping forsythia, schizonepeta and the root of Dahurain angelica; In the composition of above-mentioned (1), further add Amomum cardamomum, in one's early teens, honeysuckle, cortex acanthopanacis, the capsule of weeping forsythia, schizonepeta, the root of Dahurain angelica, Chinese yam and lotus seeds; And in the composition of above-mentioned (1), further add dried orange peel, the bark of official magnolia, Chinese yam and lotus seeds.
The particularly preferred crude drug composition of the present invention has following constituent. (1) hawthorn: 24 weight portions, Radix Glycyrrhizae: 20 weight portions, Fructus Aurantii, balloonflower root, rascal, the banksia rose, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, ageratum: each 18 weight portion, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy, spina date seed: each 12 weight portion, fructus amomi, Amomum cardamomum, in one's early teens, fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae, cortex acanthopanacis, the capsule of weeping forsythia, schizonepeta: each 8 weight portion, honeysuckle: 10 weight portions, the root of Dahurain angelica: 6 weight portions. (2) hawthorn: 24 weight portions, Radix Glycyrrhizae: 20 weight portions, Fructus Aurantii, balloonflower root, rascal, the banksia rose, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, ageratum, Chinese yam, lotus seeds: each 18 weight portion, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy and spina date seed: each 12 weight portion, fructus amomi, Amomum cardamomum, in one's early teens, fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae, honeysuckle: each 8 weight portion, cortex acanthopanacis, the capsule of weeping forsythia, schizonepeta: each 6 weight portion, the root of Dahurain angelica: 5 weight portions. (3) hawthorn, Fructus Aurantii, balloonflower root, rascal, the banksia rose, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, ageratum, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy, spina date seed, fructus amomi, dried orange peel, the bark of official magnolia, fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae: each 3 weight portion, Chinese yam, lotus seeds, each 4 weight portion of Radix Glycyrrhizae.
Particularly, above-mentioned composition (1) has skin disease that prevention takes place in the common fry, strengthens eupepsy, makes the effect of fish body health. Composition (2) can improve the eupepsy of carnivority fish especially, increases feed coefficient, and improves growth rate. Composition (3) has the eupepsy that strengthens the fish that eat plant feed, the effect of calming the nerves, improving growth rate, increase feed coefficient.
Cultured fishes of the present invention preferably mix the ratio (being the 0.1-1.0 % by weight) of 10g in the 1kg fish meal with the feed addictive crude drug composition throws and fish.
Below will be described in more detail the present invention according to embodiment.But following examples just are used for explanation, but not limit the scope of the invention.Preparation embodiment (1) forms the preparation of the crude drug composition of (1): hawthorn: 24g, Radix Glycyrrhizae: 20g, Fructus Aurantii, balloonflower root, rascal, the banksia rose, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, ageratum: each 18g, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy, spina date seed: each 12g, fructus amomi, Amomum cardamomum, in one's early teens, fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae, cortex acanthopanacis, the capsule of weeping forsythia, schizonepeta: each 8g, honeysuckle: 10g, the root of Dahurain angelica: 6g;
With the hawthorn in the above-mentioned crude drug, spina date seed, fructus amomi, Amomum cardamomum, fry in shallow oil to the surface with fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae and be light/dark balance in one's early teens, remaining crude drug is pulverized, and is dry simply, merges and mixes, and wears into attritive powder with grinder then.(2) preparation of the crude drug composition of composition (2): hawthorn: 24g, Radix Glycyrrhizae: 20g, Fructus Aurantii, balloonflower root, rascal, the banksia rose, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, ageratum, Chinese yam, lotus seeds: each 18g, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy and spina date seed: each 12g, fructus amomi, Amomum cardamomum, in one's early teens, fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae and honeysuckle: each 8g, cortex acanthopanacis, the capsule of weeping forsythia and schizonepeta: each 6g, the root of Dahurain angelica: 5g;
With the hawthorn in the above-mentioned crude drug, spina date seed, fructus amomi, Amomum cardamomum, fry in shallow oil to the surface with fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae and be light/dark balance in one's early teens, remaining crude drug is pulverized, and is dry simply, merges and mixes, and wears into attritive powder with grinder then.。(3) preparation of the crude drug composition of composition (3): hawthorn, Fructus Aurantii, balloonflower root, rascal, the banksia rose, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, ageratum, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy, spina date seed, fructus amomi, dried orange peel, the bark of official magnolia and fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae: each 3g, each 4g of Chinese yam, lotus seeds and Radix Glycyrrhizae;
Hawthorn in the above-mentioned crude drug, spina date seed, fructus amomi and fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae fried in shallow oil to the surface be light/dark balance, remaining crude drug is pulverized, and is dry simply, merges and mixes, and wears into attritive powder with grinder then.Embodiment 1: at the comparison to the fry growth of bolti of the addition of test (1) crude drug composition of fresh-water fishes effect
When freshwater aquiculture, the fry with bolti (Oreochromis niloticus) is an object in test, and the suitable inventory of the present invention's crude drug composition is estimated.
The fry that the hatching just of the bolti that will produce by artificial incubation is come out is divided into 5 groups, in 3 weeks that begin to eat food, be placed in the tank 150L capacity, that be provided with lautertuns, also be provided with 5 small-sized fences in this tank, for putting 45 in a suitable place to breed, 3 week backs are during to 7 weeks, be placed on respectively in the square glass flume of 150L capacity to raise, in this tank for the raising water that has through circulating filtration.The experimental session water temperature is 28 ± 2 ℃, and the maintenance dissolved oxygen is 4.7-6.8mg/l.
The experiment feed is that (crude protein is more than 55.0% with feed for commercially available eel, crude fat is more than 3.0%, crude fibre is more than 3.0%, coarse ash is more than 19.0%, calcium is more than 2.0%, and phosphorus is more than 2.7%, nutritional agents and other materials 7.8%), add the crude drug composition (3) 0% (control group), 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% of above-mentioned preparation therein respectively in following ratio, and supply with solid feed 6-9 time until having enough every day.
When determination experiment begins and the fish body weight and the total length in 3,5 and 7 whens week, the fish body weight is measured with 1mg unit, and total length is measured with 1/100mm with slide measure.After measuring the fish body, calculate growth rate (percent weight gain), day growth rate (specific growth rate), feed coefficient (feed coefficiency) and coefficient of condition (condition factor), with One-wayANOVA the conspicuousness of experimental result is tested then.
Experimental result sees Table 1.By in the table as can be seen, 3 weeks that were grown in of control group and crude drug composition processed group the time show marked difference (P＜0.05), the growth of 2.0% processed group, growth rate and day growth rate are all than other processed group low (P＜0.05).In the experimental result in 7 weeks, the growth rate of 0.5% crude drug composition processed group the highest (P＜0.05), the feed coefficient of 0.25% processed group is the highest, and the coefficient of condition of 1.0% processed group is the highest.
Table 1
Growth rate (%)
1: (final body weight-beginning body weight)/beginning body weight * 100 day growth rates
2: (final body weight-beginning body weight) * 100/ growth fate (day) feed coefficient
3: the feed gross dry weight of picked-up/TBW increases the number grossness all
4: body weight/total length
3The interpolation of * 1000 (2) crude drug compositions is to the comparison of the adult fish growth of bolti
| Experimental project | Experimental group (crude drug composition adds %) | ||||
| ????0％ | ?0.25％ | ?0.5％ | 1.0％ | 2.0％ | |
| Fish body weight (g) experiment beginning 5 all 7 weeks of 3 weeks | ?0.011±0.003 ?0.172±0.003 ?0.872±0.017 ?3.021±0.011 | ?0.011±0.003 ?0.238±0.009 ?1.401±0.010 ?5.362±0.027 | ?0.011±0.003 ?0.239±0.009 ?1.415±0.011 ?5.424±0.030 | 0.011±0.003 0.243±0.010 1.411±0.008 5.369±0.167 | 0.011±0.003 0.199±0.004 1.047±0.001 3.738±0.076 |
| Growth rate (%) 15 all 7 weeks of 3 weeks | ?1524.2±30.2 ?406.5±11.9 ?246.7±5.8 | ?2147.5±87.0 ?488.6±21.6 ?282.8±9.6 | ?2158.2±81.6 ?491.5±19.1 ?283.4±3.01 | ?2187.7±94.5 ?482.6±25.3 ?280.5±3.13 | ?1775.3±4.0 ?422.6±4.7 ?257.1±7.5 |
| The day growth rate 25 all 7 weeks of 3 weeks | ?5.76±0.04 ?5.03±0.07 ?3.86±0.05 | ?6.60±0.16 ?5.50±0.11 ?4.16±0.02 | ?6.61±0.14 ?5.51±0.10 ?4.17±0.02 | ?6.69±0.16 ?5.47±0.13 ?4.17±0.03 | ?6.08±0.01 ?5.15±0.01 ?3.95±0.07 |
| Feed coefficient 3 | ?0.877±0.01 | ?0.577±0.02 | ?0.615±0.03 | ?0.646±0.03 | ?0.910±0.04 |
| Coefficient of condition 4 | ?22.18±0.12 | ?23.44±0.33 | ?23.66±0.30 | ?25.88±0.11 | ?24.45±0.20 |
It is to be divided into 2 groups in 5 tons the rectangle concrete water tank to raise 30 days that body weight is placed on capacity the bolti of 200-250g, infeeds the raising water through circulating filtration in described tank.The water temperature of experimental session is 27.0-30.0 ℃, and dissolved oxygen remains on 2.0-4.5mg/l.In each experimental group, if the situation of individual death takes place, then the fish with same body weight replaces and proceeds testing.
The experiment feed is that (crude protein is more than 34.0% with feed for commercially available eel, crude fat is more than 4.0%, crude fibre is more than 4.0%, coarse ash is more than 18.0%, and calcium is more than 10%, and phosphorus is more than 1.8%, nutritional agents and other materials 2.8%), add the crude drug composition (3) of above-mentioned preparation therein respectively in following ratio: 0% (control group), 0.3% (processed group), and dry, supply with 4 every day until having enough.
Experiment beginning back served as to divide at interval to measure fish body weight, growth rate, day growth rate and feed coefficient 2 times with 15 days.In each experimental trough, extract 6 fishes then at random out, carry out composition analysis as object with muscle and liver.Press AOAC (1990) method,, analyze thick protein,, analyze coarse ash with direct ashing method with Soxhlet extraction analysis crude fat with the Kieldahl azotometry with normal pressure heat drying method analysis moisture.Use Student ' s t-test that experimental result is carried out significance test.
The growth fraction of control group and 0.3% crude drug composition processed group the results are shown in Table 2.As can be seen from Table 2, the crude drug composition processed group is compared with control group, and growth has very large significant difference (P＜0.05), growth rate, day growth rate and feed coefficient that the difference (P＜0.05) of conspicuousness is also all arranged.
The fish bulk-growth comparative result of control group and 0.3% crude drug composition processed group sees Table 3.As can be seen from Table 3, in the moisture of muscle of back, protein, fat and the ash analysis analysis result, do not have significant difference (P＞0.05) between experimental group and the crude drug processed group, the liver analysis also shows same tendency.Therefore, add the variation that crude drug composition of the present invention does not cause the fish body composition of bolti.
Table 2
| Experimental project | Experimental group (crude drug composition adds %) | |
| ????0％ | ????0.3％ | |
| All the body weight (kg) of fishes experiment beginning is after 15 days after 30 days | ????98.4±0.92 ????129.8±2.17 ????154.9±0.49 | ????97.5±1.74 ????140.3±0.91 ????175.9±1.04 |
| Growth rate (%) is after 15 days after 30 days | ????31.9±2.66 ????19.3±1.63 | ????43.9±1.19 ????25.40±1.13 |
| The day growth rate is after 15 days after 30 days | ????0.80±0.06 ????0.51±0.04 | ????1.05±0.04 ????0.66±0.03 |
| Feed coefficient is after 15 days after 30 days | ????0.96±0.07 ????1.54±0.11 | ????0.78±0.03 ????1.17±0.07 |
Table 3
(3) add the comparison of crude drug composition to the growth of bolti adult fish
| Experimental project | Experimental group (crude drug composition adds %) | |
| ????0％ | ????0.3％ | |
| Average weight (g) | ????519.4±19.92 | ????529.4±39.61 |
| Muscle of back analysis result thick protein crude fat coarse ash moisture | ????19.4±0.02 ????0.2±0.06 ????1.1±0.01 ????78.4±0.09 | ????19.9±0.41 ????0.3±0.03 ????0.8±0.53 ????78.0±0.5 |
| Muscle of back analysis result thick protein crude fat coarse ash moisture | ????9.17±0.69 ????4.75±2.00 ????1.0±0.05 ????68.4±1.0 | ????9.1±0.5 ????4.3±0.37 ????0.9±0.03 ????68.8±0.8 |
It is to be divided into 2 groups in 58 tons the rectangle concrete water tank to raise 175 days that body weight is placed on capacity the bolti adult fish of 498.0-510.0g, infeeds the raising water through circulating filtration in described tank.The water temperature of experimental session is 23.0-25.0 ℃, and dissolved oxygen remains on 2.5-4.0mg/l.
The experiment feed is crude drug composition (3) 0% (control group), 0.3% (processed group) of mixing above-mentioned preparation in commercially available tilapia feed, with automatic demand loader feed.
After experiment finished, the fish body weight of determination experiment group, growth rate, day growth rate and feed coefficient carried out significance test with One-way ANOVA to experimental result then.
The death rate of each experimental group is 1.52-2.48% in the experimental session, does not have significant difference (Student ' s t-test:p＞0.05) between crude drug composition processed group (1.79 ± 0.23%) and the control group (2.16 ± 0.35%).The growth experiment of crude drug composition processed group and control group the results are shown in Table 4.The result shows that whole fish body weight, growth rate and day growth rate all increase significantly (p＜0.05) than control group in the crude drug processed group, and feed coefficient is then than the remarkable reduction of control group.
Table 4
Embodiment 2: at the comparison to the fry growth of flatfish of experiment (1) the crude drug composition addition of seawater fish effect
| Experimental project | Experimental group (crude drug composition adds %) | |
| 0％ | 0.3％ | |
| All fish body weight (kg) experiments begin experiment and finish | 1416.1±60.7 2586.1±202.1 | 1437.7±50.8 2848.1±24.0 |
| Growth rate (%) | 82.7±7.3 | 98.3±6.7 |
| The day growth rate | 0.150±0.01 | 0.170±0.01 |
| Feed coefficient | 1.98±0.14 | 1.78±0.04 |
Concerning marine fish culture, the fry with flatfish (Paralichthys olivaceus) when the suitable inventory of the crude drug composition of estimating the present invention is an experimental subjects.
The fry of flatfish is divided into four groups, in 6 weeks when beginning to eat food, under common flatfish raising condition, raise, and supply with feed until having enough, described feed is that (crude protein is more than 48.7% at the experiment feed, crude fat 12.6%, coarse ash are more than 16.6%, and nutritional agents and other materials are more than 12%) in add the crude drug composition (1) of above-mentioned preparation with 0% (control group), 0.15%, 0.30% and 0.60% ratio.
At average fish body weight, day growth rate, feed coefficient and the coefficient of condition of these group fishes of measuring space in when beginning experiment and 2 weeks, it the results are shown in Table 5.By this table as can be seen, the crude drug processed group is compared with control group in 4 whens week of experiment and is shown significant difference, and wherein 0.3% interpolation group is being preferred in all are organized on growth, day growth rate, feed coefficient and the coefficient of condition.
Then the survival rate of these groups is studied, consequently control group is 86.11 ± 4.37%, crude drug composition 0.15% processed group is 92.78 ± 2.08%, crude drug composition 0.30% processed group is 99.44 ± 0.79%, crude drug composition 0.60% processed group is 98.89 ± 0.79%, the crude drug composition processed group is significantly than control group height, and particularly the survival rate of crude drug composition 0.30% processed group in processed group is best.
Table 5
Feed coefficient
1: the long comparison of interpolation contrast order sashimi (raw fish) of whole wet weights/TBW recruitment (2) crude drug composition of picked-up feed
| Experimental project | Experimental group (crude drug composition adds %) | |||
| ????0％ | ????0.15％ | ????0.30％???????? | ????0.60％???? | |
| Average fish body weight (g) experiment beginning 4 all 6 weeks of 2 weeks | ????0.79±0.02???? ????2.09±0.03???? ????3.32±0.01???? ????4.66±0.09???? | ????0.80±0.01??? ????2.10±0.04???? ????3.58±0.03???? ????5.29±0.30???? | ????0.79±0.01??? ????2.14±0.07??? ????3.83±0.10??? ????5.94±0.19??? | ????0.78±0.02?? ????2.14±0.06???? ????3.74±0.13???? ????5.74±0.15???? |
| 2 weeks 4.28 of day growth rate (%) ± 0.20 3.29 ± 0.47 5.07 ± 0.06 | 7.47 6 weeks of ± 0.25 4 week all | ?????????????????? ????7.42±0.22??? ????3.51±0.22???? ????2.61±0.15??? ????4.55±0.10??? | ?????????????????? ????7.69±0.37???? ????3.99±0.14??? ????2.99±0.39???? ????4.84±0.16???? | ????7.72±0.38???? ????4.49±0.20???? ????3.37±0.05???? ????5.18±0.12???? |
| ????1.33±0.07???? ????1.52±0.10???? ????1.43±0.10???? ????1.44±0.05???? | Feed coefficient 16 weeks of 4 weeks, 2 weeks all | ????1.36±0.04 ????1.71±0.13 ????1.61±0.10 ????1.67±0.09 | ????1.35±0.06???? ????1.54±0.03???? ????1.48±0.13???? ????1.50±0.02???? | ????1.32±0.08??? ????1.35±0.11???? ????1.31±0.03??? ????1.32±0.06 |
| ????928.34±1.38 ????976.91±3.09 ????976.47±1.08 ????990.05±6.48 | Coefficient of condition (%) experiment beginning 4 all 6 weeks of 2 weeks | ????929.17±1.58 ????969.61±6.31 ????970.32±9.16 ????961.94±12.11 | ????927.65±1.93 ????972.02±3.82 ????970.19±0.68 ????971.83±6.45 | ????929.38±1.85 ????979.59±3.43 ????995.96±8.28 ????999.78±10.81 |
The fry of flatfish is divided into 2 groups, in 48 weeks when beginning to eat food, under common flatfish raising condition, raise, and supply with feed until having enough, described feed is that (crude protein is more than 31.6% at the experiment feed, crude fat 5.0%, moisture 35.2%) add the crude drug composition of above-mentioned preparation (2) with the ratio of 0% (control group), 0.30% (processed group) in.
Average fish body weight, day growth rate, feed coefficient and coefficient of condition these group fishes of measuring space in when beginning experiment and 4 weeks.Table 6 illustrates when testing beginning, 24 all backs and the results after 48 weeks.Then the survival rate of these groups is studied, consequently control group is 80.89 ± 4.53%, crude drug composition 0.30% processed group is 92.89 ± 1.66%, and the crude drug composition processed group is high significantly.
Table 6
Embodiment 3: the evaluation of meat quality test
| Experimental project | Experimental group (crude drug composition adds %) | |
| ????0％ | ????0.3％ | |
| After average 24 48 weeks of back week of fish body weight (g) experiment beginning | ????17.18±0.07 ????276.77±2.84 ????860.40±19.79 | ????17.16±0.06 ????421.00±3.60 ????1023.72±17.91 |
| The day growth rate is whole after 24 weeks | ????1.99±0.08 ????1.25±0.01 | ????1.70±0.05 ????1.31±0.01 |
| Feed coefficient is whole after 24 weeks | ????1.62±0.03 ????2.01±0.02 | ????1.58±0.03 ????1.77±0.01 |
| Coefficient of condition (%) experiment beginning 24 week back all | ????960.4±0.4 ????1258.1±9.4 ????1290.9±16.6 | ????960.2±1.6 ????1369.1±5.5 ????1430.5±13.4 |
In the evaluation of meat quality test, the flatfish of raising with the feed of the crude drug composition that is added with the present invention is carried out the organoleptic test, and measure physical property and taste composition.
Method (Kim, D.S. with people such as gold; Y.B.Moon; C.H.Jeong, B.S.Kim andY.D.Lee, Production of All-Female Diploid and Triploid Populations inParalichthys olivaceus, J.Aquaculture, 7:159-164 (1994)) cultivates all female flatfish, and to use forage feed, described feed be the crude drug composition (2) that adds above-mentioned preparation in mixed fodder (freezing tuna and commercially available viscosity commodity each 50% mix) with the ratio of 0% (control group) and 0.3% (processed group).Shoot the oblongata of experiment with fish to death, the fish of having put to death is divided into 3, the meat with the back experimentizes immediately.(1) organoleptic test
The student who celebrates university's breed subject with 15 trained stills carries out taste inspection and identification check as object.The taste inspection is that test portion is cut into about 5mm is thick, carries out outward appearance, smell, texture, integrated taste inspection then, and opinion scale is divided into 7 ranks: control group is 0, compares with control group fabulous to be+3, and very bad is-3.Identification check is that nine projects such as transparency, gloss, smell, hardness, elasticity are carried out by+3 to-3 7 other evaluations of level totally.
Figure 1 shows that the result that the processed group of raising with the feed of the crude drug composition that is added with the present invention and control group are carried out the organoleptic test.As shown in the drawing, the flesh of fish that adds the processed group of feed raising with crude drug composition all shows better in all items that taste is checked, in identification check, except that transparency, smell and tack, all items all has significant difference.That is to say, compare with control group that the meat of processed group is particularly more excellent aspect gloss, consistency and elasticity, and be evaluated as that meat is wet and slippery, skin texture is delicate, this all has very big influence to taste and the integrated taste degree that causes appetite.(2) determination of physical appearance
Estimate hardness, elasticity and the compendency of the test portion that is cut into (15 * 15 * 9) mm with Sun Rheometer compact-100.Each group is got 5 test portions, and every test portion is measured 5 times, the results are shown in Table 7.As can be seen from Table 7, the processed group of adding the feed cultivation with crude drug composition all significantly improves than control group on hardness, elasticity and compendency, and its meat is more solid.
Table 7
(3) mensuration of taste composition
| Control group | Processed group | |
| Hardness (dyne/cm 2) the elasticity compendency | ????46.44±7.49 ????0.54±0.04 ????0.36±0.80 | ????55.97±10.64 ????0.59±0.04 ????0.42±0.08 |
With Moore method (Moore, S., Biol.Chem.238,235 (1963)) test portion homogenizing that will about 10g, after extracting free amino acid, under living body fluid analysis condition, free amino acid is analyzed with the OPA XRF with Intelligent HPLC system (Jasco company).Analysis condition is that pump is that PU980, internal temperature are 60 ℃, injects 10 μ l with the AS-950-10 Autosampler, measures the extinction of 348nm, the beam split of 455nm with Jasco FP 920 detectors.
About 5g test portion is chopped up, grinds, go out the related thing of nucleic acid, use Gilson-805 HPLC quantitative then with people's such as Lee method (Lee, Eung-Ho wait the people, Bull.Korean Fish Soc.17 (5), 368-372 (1984)) extracting.Analysis condition is to use μ-Bondapak C
18(3.9mm i.d. * 30.0cm) post, 1% triethylamine-phosphoric acid (pH6.5) liquid are that 2.0ml/ branch, detector are that UV detector (254nm), temperature are 40 ℃ as the phase that flows, flow velocity.
So free amino acid of measuring and the related thing of nucleic acid the results are shown in following table 8 and table 9.As shown in table 8, the processed group of cultivating with the present invention's crude drug composition interpolation feed increases than control group is remarkable on the total amount of free amino acid, particularly lysine, alanine, arginic content.As can be seen from Table 9, in the related thing of nucleic acid, processed group is the ATP height, control group is the IMP height, cause the effect of ATP dephosphorylation behind the animal dead, the form with IMP before corruption is accumulated, and can infer thus that control group takes place rapidly than processed group in the variation of the related thing of nucleic acid.
Table 8
| Free amino acid | Control group (mg%) | Processed group (mg%) |
| Asp Thr Ser Glu Pro Gly Ala Cys Val Met Ile Leu Tyr Phe Lys His Arg amounts to | ????N.D. ????1.7 ????2.2 ????1.1 ????1.6 ????0.9 ????5.6 ????N.D. ????1.0 ????0.9 ????0.7 ????1.1 ????0.7 ????0.9 ????9.0 ????1.7 ????2.6 ????31.7 | ????N.D. ????3.3 ????2.8 ????2.0 ????3.0 ????1.8 ????6.2 ????0.5 ????0.8 ????1.0 ????0.5 ????0.9 ????0.8 ????1.0 ????14.1 ????2.2 ????4.0 ????44.9 |
Table 9
| ???ATP (μmol/g) | ??ADP (μmol/g) | ??AMP (μmol/g) | ????IMP (μmol/g) | Inosine (μ mol/g) | Hypoxanthine (μ mol/g) | |
| Control group | ????2.70 | ????0.97 | ????0.36 | ????4.27 | ????0.65 | ????0.35 |
| Processed group | ????5.07 | ????0.79 | ????0.28 | ????3.22 | ????0.62 | ????0.56 |
Figure 2 shows that in the processed group of raising and control group the comparison of the total amount of free amino acid relevant and the related thing of nucleic acid with taste with the feed of the crude drug composition that is added with the present invention.By among this figure as can be seen, the content of free amino acid relevant such as glutamine, proline, glycine, alanine, methionine etc. with flesh of fish flavor, processed group is 14.0mg%, than the 9.1mg% height of control group.With relevant ATP, ADP, AMP, the IMP total amount of taste of the flesh of fish, processed group (9.36 μ mol/g) is than control group height, but do not have significant difference.
In sum, cultured fishes crude drug composition for feed addition of the present invention can improve survival rate and the growth rate of fish and fresh-water fishes, particularly improves the efficient of feed, has relatively reduced excremental amount, has prevented environmental pollution. Therefore, advantage of the present invention is that the feed cost when having reduced fresh-water fishes and marine fish culture is used and standing charges, and taste and the quality of the fish of interpolation said composition cultivation all are excellent, when peddling, than the value height of general cultivation fish, produce extraordinary economic benefit.
And different by the method that the hormone that feeds intake improves growth rate from former aquaculture, raw material of the present invention is safe and nontoxic known Chinese herbal medicine, is characterized in that fish and human body are not all had harm.
Claims (11)
1, promotes the feed addictive composition of cultivation of fish grow, wherein comprise crude drug powder.
2, composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein comprises hawthorn, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Fructus Aurantii, balloonflower root, rascal, the banksia rose, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, ageratum, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy, spina date seed, fructus amomi and fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae.
3, composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein further add Amomum cardamomum, in one's early teens, the mixture of honeysuckle, cortex acanthopanacis, the capsule of weeping forsythia, schizonepeta, the root of Dahurain angelica, Chinese yam, lotus seeds, dried orange peel, the bark of official magnolia etc.
4, composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein add Amomum cardamomum, in one's early teens, honeysuckle, cortex acanthopanacis, the capsule of weeping forsythia, schizonepeta and the root of Dahurain angelica.
5, composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein add Amomum cardamomum, in one's early teens, honeysuckle, cortex acanthopanacis, the capsule of weeping forsythia, schizonepeta, the root of Dahurain angelica, Chinese yam and lotus seeds.
6, composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein adds dried orange peel, the bark of official magnolia, Chinese yam and lotus seeds.
7, composition as claimed in claim 4, it is the hawthorn by 24 weight portions, the Radix Glycyrrhizae of 20 weight portions, be respectively Fructus Aurantii, balloonflower root, rascal, the banksia rose, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge and the ageratum of 18 weight portions, be respectively Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy and the spina date seed of 12 weight portions, be respectively the fructus amomi, Amomum cardamomum of 8 weight portions, in one's early teens, fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae, cortex acanthopanacis, the capsule of weeping forsythia and schizonepeta, the honeysuckle of 10 weight portions, and the root of Dahurain angelica of 6 weight portions is formed.
8, composition as claimed in claim 5, it is the hawthorn by 24 weight portions, the Radix Glycyrrhizae of 20 weight portions, be respectively Fructus Aurantii, balloonflower root, rascal, the banksia rose, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, ageratum, Chinese yam and the lotus seeds of 18 weight portions, be respectively Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy and the spina date seed of 12 weight portions, be respectively the fructus amomi, Amomum cardamomum of 8 weight portions, in one's early teens, fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae and honeysuckle, the cortex acanthopanacis of 6 weight portions, the capsule of weeping forsythia and schizonepeta, and the root of Dahurain angelica of 5 weight portions is formed.
9, composition as claimed in claim 6, it is by each 3 weight portion of hawthorn, Fructus Aurantii, balloonflower root, rascal, the banksia rose, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, ageratum, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy, spina date seed, fructus amomi, dried orange peel, the bark of official magnolia and fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae, and each 4 weight portion of Chinese yam, lotus seeds and Radix Glycyrrhizae are formed.
10, promote the method for cultivation of fish grow,, be added with the feed addictive composition that comprises crude drug powder in this feed wherein to cultured fishes throwing and feed.
11, as the method for claim 10, wherein in the cultured fishes feed, add described composition with the ratio of 0.1-1.0 weight %.
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