CN1211760C - 限制欺诈风险用的无接触或无接触混杂智能卡 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及无接触或无接触混杂智能卡,包括一在支持物上的天线,该天线是由至少一圈导电墨水构成的,它被丝网印刷在该支持物上,在支持物各个侧面上的两个卡体元件(24),每个卡体元件包括至少一塑料层,以及连接到天线上的芯片或模件(26)。该支持物由纸制成,其特点为每个角上有切口(22),两个卡体元件就在该处结合在一起,因此当卡被折弯时在产生力的地方它就会脱开,这可在事后揭示故意损坏卡的行为,因为卡上保留着折弯的痕迹,这代表着针对欺诈行为的一种反措施。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及智能卡,更具体地说,涉及一种混杂的接触和无接触的智能卡,它的天线是在像纸那样的纤维材料制成的支持物上。
现有技术:
无接触智能卡是在各个部门中得到日益增长使用的一种***。在运输部门,这种卡被开发成一作支付的手段。对于电子钱包情况也同样如此。许多公司也为它们的人员使用无接触智能卡而开发了识别装置。
在无接触卡和读出器之间的信息交换是通过在嵌入无接触卡中的天线和读出器中的第二天线之间的远程电磁耦合而实现的、为了建立、存储和处理信息,卡上装着芯片或电子模件并与天线相连接。天线和芯片一般都装在由塑料材料〔聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚酯(PET)、聚碳酸酯(PC)…〕制成的电介质支持物上。天线是用在支持物上对铜或铝的化学蚀刻或导电金属线绕制而成的。
卡通常都是整体的。天线的支持物通常是插在形成卡体上半部和下半部的两层塑料材料〔PVC、PET、PC、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)…〕之间的,然后通过热层压在压力下热胶合而成。芯片或模件用导电胶或类似物连接到天线上,这样能够形成欧姆接触。
但是,这种类型的卡有几个主要缺点。最显著的缺点是在层压处理期间实施的塑料热胶合操作会导致这种卡在对所吸收应力的复原方面只具有较差的机械性能。当碰到过分的弯曲或扭力时,所施加的全部应力都传递到芯片或电子模件上,并且主要是加到造成连接的胶合点上。胶合接头上的机械强度受到很大的应变,这将使得模件与天线或芯片与天线的连结断裂。天线也可能作为这些机械应用的结果而被切断。
这一特点可以被实施欺诈的人员所利用,促使他们利用公众可以得到“智能卡”的技术而实施欺诈行为。
除了需要大规模的装置和高度熟练的技术专家以及通过利用另外的技术部件以重现真实卡的性能这样大规模有组织的欺诈活动之外,个别人员的欺诈活动是最具潜在危险性的,因为这涉及到卡的发行单位的顾客这样的个人。
人们可以发现偶然的欺诈活动,这包括将卡用于不是原先设计所规定的用途,或者用于卡的发行者没有相应规定的使用条件。
非直接的故意的欺诈也会存在,在这种情况下,用户不熟悉这种技术而企图得到卡中没有规定的服务。这种情况可以是,例如,有人试图利用运输卡而在自动柜员机上取钱。
最后,最后一种类型的欺诈是直接的有意识的欺诈。在这种情况下,用户充分理解卡是怎样工作的并认识到它的薄弱环节。因此,对这种类型的人员来说,要尽可能干净地毁掉一张卡是比较容易的,当他拥有一张出售时带有一定信贷的卡(电话卡、公交卡、高速公路交费卡)而且这一信贷已经用完或即将用完而在以后又不可能证明有欺诈意图时,他可以使劲地重复折弯这个卡。然后就可以把天线切断,使芯片或模件断开而卡上仍看不出任何标记。由于它的内在性质,塑料可以有显著的变形而不表示出任何能看到的标记。
在这三种类型的欺诈中,故意欺诈的个人使得卡不能工作然后企图让卡的发行者换掉该卡或赔付损失。后者这时就会面临一个严肃的问题,因为它们想要公平地对待诚实的顾客但却不想因为盲目地赔付出毛病的卡而成为欺诈行为的牺牲品而付出沉重的代价。
这些卡的另一个缺点是它们包括了具有不同的热膨胀系数的胶合或热结合的塑料材料构成的复合叠层。因此,会观察到卡会受到***的不可接受的和不可逆的变形(扭曲、弯翘),同时在受到标准化的或等价的测试时会缺少机械耐受性。
此外,PVC表现出较差的热机械性质。在卡体的层叠处理时,材料的流动很明显,因此天线的形状因数不能维护。这导致天线因电气参数(电感和电阻值)的变化而误动作。尤为严重的是在出现强烈的剪切应力的区域天线遭受断裂的情况并不罕见。这种情况尤其会出现在转角处和电气跨接点。
叠层的ISO卡的总体厚度在780和840μm(微米)之间。考虑到上面所说的材料的流动,要向顾客保证卡的全体都在有限和受限的分布之内是非常困难的。
这些卡的另外一个主要缺点是在叠层之后,由铜的蚀刻得来的印痕在印刷过的卡体上是可见的。尽管这并不妨碍卡的正常工作,但用户常会强调这一缺陷,因为他们在审美的准则方面是非常在乎的。
最后,利用这一过程来制作卡的成本对于促使它们的使用得到实质性的增长是太高昂了。
本发明的公开
本发明的目的是通过提供一种无接触或混杂型接触及无接触的智能卡来减轻这些缺点,在任何企图毁坏这种卡时会留下一个标记从而使欺诈的风险受到限制,同时它能抵抗变形和具有良好的机械耐受性,从而保持它的外形因数并使其能保证电气参数的完整性。
因此本发明涉及一种无接触或混合接触的无接触智能卡,包括一在支持物上的天线,所述天线包括至少一圈丝网印刷在所述支持物上的导电墨;在所说支持物的每一面上的两个卡体,每个所说的卡体由至少一层塑料材料制成,一个芯片或模件连接到该天线上,所述智能卡的特征在于所说的支持物是由纸制成的并具有这样的特点:在每个角上有切口,所说的卡体就在切口处结合在一起,从而使得所说的支持物在折弯时就在由上述折弯产生力的位置处层离,从而使卡上保留折弯的痕迹,以在事后揭示故意损坏的行为。
附图简述
本发明的目的、对象和特点从下列的说明并结合附图将会变得更加明显,在附图中:
图1表示混杂型接触及无接触智能卡的纸支持物上的天线的倒置图。
图2表示和卡体相接触的支持物的侧面,卡体中铣出一个空腔以容纳混杂型接触及无接触智能卡的模件。
图3表示混杂型接触和无接触智能卡的最后的形式。
图4表示图3所示的智能卡沿轴线A-A的截面。
图5表示一张无接触智能卡的最后形式。
图6表示图5所示的智能卡沿轴线B-B的截面。
发明的详细说明
在图1中,按照本发明的智能卡包括一个纸支持物10,其上有丝网印刷的天线。天线包括用导电聚合物墨水丝网印刷的两个圈12和14,墨水含有导电元素,例如银、铜或碳。每一圈的一端连接到和模件相连的天线触点,它们也是丝网印刷的,图12连接到触点16而圈14连接到触点18。这两个圈相互连接到一个电桥,这通常都称之为“交叉跨接”(图中未示出)。一个绝缘墨水的绝缘条20用丝网印刷在交叉跨接和圈12之间。天线的图相对于ISO格式的智能卡用天线的正规画法而言是倒转的。这种特殊布置为混杂型接触和无接触智能卡提供一个空腔以容纳模件,这个空腔是铣制在卡体的载有丝网印刷的支持物的相反一侧的,这就是说,是在卡体中和没有丝网印刷的支持物那一侧相接触的。
在这种情况下,当把支持物翻转时(触点在左边),如图2所示,可以看出,模件的触点是在ISO格式的卡的标准化的位置上。
在纯粹的无接触卡的情况下,如图5和6所示,天线的画法没有反向。当芯片定位于天线支持物和卡体之一之间时,卡并不要有铣制空腔这一特点。这样,天线就不需要加以保护。这样一种卡的结构就成为更典型的。
在图3中,混杂型接触和无接触智能卡表示为其最终形式。如图2和3所示,支持物的每一角上有一缺口。在叠层处理时,由塑料材料制成的卡体24在缺口22处被热结合在一起。由于纸浆具有低的内部粘合力,当它遭受到剪切应力时就倾向于脱开叠层。这个物理性质被用来创造一种具有内在和可变应力标记的卡。通过把两个卡体结合在一起而使各个角封闭,这使所有的机械应力都导向卡的内部,其受力的位置是卡被折弯时应力所施加的地方。如果这些应力过于强烈,那么纸就会脱离叠层而卡就会裂开成为两部分(含有连接到模件的天线的那一部分能继续工作)。将卡体在四角处结合在一起可使卡仍能使用。在这种方式下,通过对纸的类型和它的内部粘合力的作用,我们可得到有可变敏感度的应力标记。
卡体所使用的塑料材料是聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚酯(PET、PETG)、聚碳酸酯或丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)。模件26安装在空腔中并连接到天线。这种识别卡沿轴线A-A的截面图示于图4中,它清楚地表明了它的结构。
纸的支持物是夹在两个卡体之间的。每个卡体包括一层塑料材料。每个卡体最好是由两层组成。即一层构成外表层,一层构成内部层。按照一个特殊的实施例,这两层可以有不同的刚度。在这种情况下,外表层由坚硬的PVC制成而内部层则由软性PVC制成,它具有较低的Vicat软化温度(该温度是PVC从坚硬状态转变为橡胶状态的温度)。这两层也可以有不同的厚度。因此外表层要比内部层更厚些。外表层的厚度约为310微米(μm),内部层的厚度则约为80μm。优选的塑料材料为PVC。丝网印制的天线则嵌在卡体的内部层中。由于所用的PVC的低刚度,在卡体的叠层处理期间它会变成液态并把丝网印刷部分陷在卡的材质之内。在这种情况下,在使用识别卡时天线抵抗机械应力的能力要大得多。
如图4所示,按照优选实施例,天线的纸质支持物28是插在两个卡体之间的,它包括了三层。每个卡体含有一个表面层30,它可以是一层透明的PVC薄膜或清漆层,一个刚性的PVC外表层32和一个软性PVC的内部层34。表面层30的厚度约为40μm,外表层的厚度为约为275μm,而内部层厚度约为40μm。这两层的厚度根据卡的最后的柔顺性是可以变化的。由双面电路36和芯片38构成的并由树脂覆盖模压保护的模件***到为此而设计的空腔内。这个空腔是对卡体进行铣制而得到的,铣制的面是印制天线的纸质支持物的相对一面。模件以这种方式安装好之后,就被连接到天线触点40。连接到触点之一的天线中的一圈42埋在由软PVC制成的卡体的内部层34中。模件被粘在卡上。为此目的使用了两种不同的粘合剂。第一种胶是导电的粘合剂44,它使模件连接到天线触点。这种粘合剂最好是一种含有银的粘合剂。第二种粘合剂46用来把模件固定在卡上。使用的是氰基丙烯酸盐胶。也可以使用一种薄膜型的“热熔”胶,在将模件***卡之前把它放在模件下面。
图5表示按照本发明的无接触智能卡。纸质的天线支持物的特点是在四角有切口48。这个支持物被夹在卡体50之间。和混杂型的接触和无接触卡不同,这两片卡体都没有空腔。这种卡没有模件,但其特点是有一个芯片52嵌在卡中,因此在卡的表面是看不到的。在图6中显示了这种长沿轴线B-B的截面图。
在图6中无接触卡和混杂型接触和无接触卡具有相同的结构。纸支持物54夹在两个卡体之间。根据一个优选实施例,每个卡体由三层构成。每个卡体包括一个表面56,它可以是一层透明的PVC薄膜或清漆层,一个刚性的外表PVC层58以及一个内部的软PVC层60。芯片62固定在支持物54上并且用导电胶直接连接到天线触点64上以建立起欧姆接触。连接到触点之一的天线的一圈68埋在由软PVC制成的卡体的内部层60中。这样,芯片就埋在纸支持物和两个卡体中的一个卡体之间。纯粹的无接触卡因此和混杂型接触和无接触卡同时具有相同的结构和相同的性质。
按照另一个特别的实施例,两个卡体的至少一个卡体包括透明层以便让纸支持物能够看得到,尤其是看到印刷在支持物上的图案影象。图形的印刷技术是众所周知并且可以完善地得到控制的。和在PVC类型的塑料支持物上所得的结果相比,所得的质量在分辨率和色彩的再现方面都是惊人的。纸的这个独特的性质可以用来制造这样的卡,在其中支持物的一个侧面可以指定用作高品质的图形印刷。因此这就变得很容易把广告、发行卡的公司的标记牌号等印在卡上,在作为个人的智能卡时,甚至可把识别用的照片印在卡上。
按照本发明的带有纸支持物的智能卡在工作时与单体的PVC卡有所不同。纸是一种含纤维的材料,当卡受到机械应力时它会部分地吸收所存储的能量。这种缓冲作用减弱了卡体的自然的弹簧作用。在智能卡的折弯和扭曲测试时,能量因此会传递到纸支持物的中央而不像单体PVC卡那样传递到模件或芯片和天线的触点上。因此可以保持模件或芯片的连接以及天线的整体性。
在这种方式下,按照本发明的卡对于使用它的公司来说有两个主要的品质:保持这种卡上的电气部件使其具有提高了的牢固性,以及在卡不正常工作时,纸的脱层性质可以弄清楚并没有因为欺诈目的使该卡受到强烈的折弯。当卡的用户故意或非故意地以过分的方式弯曲卡时,纸支持物会脱开。和PVC层不同,扭曲或折弯的标记会显示在卡上。在极度的折弯或扭曲的情况下,在卡体上会出现裂纹。尽管有这样的扭曲或折弯,卡仍日能工作。这种情况因此会使个别人不敢继续他/她的让卡不能工作的企图以便向发行单位提出赔付要求或换卡要求,因为在卡上留下了看得见的标记。
此外,在丝网印刷过程中所使用的聚合物墨水的粘弹性质能使天线圈更好地抵抗在叠层阶段所受到的机械应力。因此可以避免在受到强烈剪切应力地区的天线被折断。
最后,丝网印刷的天线圈的印刷痕迹在卡体上实际上是看不到的。这一特性虽与卡的工作没有关系,但对发行者和非常关心美学准则的用户来说却是极其重要的。
Claims (11)
1.一种无接触或接触-无接触混合智能卡,包括一在支持物上的天线,所述天线包括至少一圈丝网印刷在所述支持物上的导电墨;在所说支持物的每一面上的两个卡体,每个所说的卡体由至少一层塑料材料制成,一个芯片或模件连接到该天线上,
所述智能卡的特征在于所说的支持物是由纸制成的并具有这样的特点:在每个角上有切口,所说的卡体就在切口处结合在一起,从而使得所说的支持物在折弯时就在由上述折弯产生力的位置处层离,从而使卡上保留折弯的痕迹,以在事后揭示故意损坏的行为。
2.按照权利要求1的智能卡,其中所说的模件插进与所说的支持物的载有天线圈的一侧相反的卡体中铣制的空腔内。
3.按照权利要求1的智能卡,其中,所述芯片定位于上述支持物和上述卡体之一之间。
4.按照权利要求3的智能卡,其中所说卡体中的每一个包括至少两层塑料。
5.按照权利要求4的智能卡,其中形成上述卡体的两层具有不同的刚度和厚度。
6.按照权利要求5的智能卡,其中形成卡体的外面层的一片是由刚性的塑料材料制成的,而形成卡体的内部层的那一片是用具有低维卡软化温度的软塑料制成的。
7.按照权利要求6的智能卡,其中形成外面层的片比形成内部层的片更厚。
8.如权利要求7所述的智能卡,其中每个卡体包括另外一片塑料或一层清漆,用作表层。
9.按照前述权利要求之一的智能卡,其中形成卡体的塑料材料是聚氯乙烯PVC、聚酯PET、PETG、聚碳酸酯PC或丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯ABS。
10.按照权利要求9的智能卡,其中所说的丝网印刷圈的墨是含有导电元素的导电聚合物墨。
11.按照权利要求10的智能卡,其中两个卡体中至少一个是由透明片制成的,以便使印在所说纸支持物上的图形影象可见。
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FR9915020A FR2801709B1 (fr) | 1999-11-29 | 1999-11-29 | Carte a puce sans contact ou hybride contact-sans contact permettant de limiter les risques de fraude |
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1999
- 1999-11-29 FR FR9915020A patent/FR2801709B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2000
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- 2000-11-28 CN CNB008031940A patent/CN1211760C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-28 PT PT00985346T patent/PT1222624E/pt unknown
- 2000-11-28 EP EP00985346A patent/EP1222624B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-28 BR BRPI0007791-7A patent/BR0007791B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-28 IL IL14430200A patent/IL144302A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-28 DE DE60034805T patent/DE60034805T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-28 ID IDW00200101647A patent/ID29791A/id unknown
- 2000-11-28 WO PCT/FR2000/003323 patent/WO2001041062A2/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2000-11-28 KR KR1020017009242A patent/KR100766647B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-28 TR TR2001/02181T patent/TR200102181T1/xx unknown
- 2000-11-28 CA CA002360359A patent/CA2360359C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-28 JP JP2001542044A patent/JP4731780B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-28 RU RU2001123934/09A patent/RU2251742C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-28 AU AU21795/01A patent/AU776170B2/en not_active Ceased
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HK1044399B (zh) | 2006-02-03 |
AU776170B2 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
RU2251742C2 (ru) | 2005-05-10 |
TW511037B (en) | 2002-11-21 |
PT1222624E (pt) | 2007-08-17 |
FR2801709B1 (fr) | 2002-02-15 |
DE60034805D1 (de) | 2007-06-21 |
JP4731780B2 (ja) | 2011-07-27 |
ZA200105717B (en) | 2002-08-23 |
EP1222624A2 (fr) | 2002-07-17 |
HK1044399A1 (en) | 2002-10-18 |
BR0007791B1 (pt) | 2012-07-10 |
DE60034805T2 (de) | 2008-01-17 |
ATE362147T1 (de) | 2007-06-15 |
AU2179501A (en) | 2001-06-12 |
US20010002035A1 (en) | 2001-05-31 |
CA2360359C (fr) | 2010-01-05 |
CN1338086A (zh) | 2002-02-27 |
KR20010111255A (ko) | 2001-12-17 |
FR2801709A1 (fr) | 2001-06-01 |
WO2001041062A2 (fr) | 2001-06-07 |
NO20013403D0 (no) | 2001-07-09 |
ID29791A (id) | 2001-10-11 |
CA2360359A1 (fr) | 2001-06-07 |
KR100766647B1 (ko) | 2007-10-15 |
WO2001041062A3 (fr) | 2002-05-10 |
NO20013403L (no) | 2001-09-27 |
TR200102181T1 (tr) | 2002-03-21 |
IL144302A0 (en) | 2002-05-23 |
EP1222624B1 (fr) | 2007-05-09 |
JP2003515850A (ja) | 2003-05-07 |
US6390375B2 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
BR0007791A (pt) | 2002-02-05 |
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