CN1198125A - 制作中空件的注入张拉吹塑法 - Google Patents

制作中空件的注入张拉吹塑法 Download PDF

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CN1198125A
CN1198125A CN97191003A CN97191003A CN1198125A CN 1198125 A CN1198125 A CN 1198125A CN 97191003 A CN97191003 A CN 97191003A CN 97191003 A CN97191003 A CN 97191003A CN 1198125 A CN1198125 A CN 1198125A
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山口久雄
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Abstract

一种利用张拉吹塑法通过塑坯来生产像灯泡壳体和包装容器一类中空件的方法,其中的塑坯是利用像聚对酞酸乙二酯和聚碳酸酯一类合成树脂采用注模法制作。一具有所要求的外径的圆形树脂贮存槽17在上述腔模11和颈模12之间的分离段上围绕模腔14形成,并设置一个注入孔15。通过使注入孔15与在分离面上设置的注入通道18相通连使熔融树脂可以由树脂贮存槽17注入到模腔14。通过对注模成型的底部外表面上无注入孔的塑坯16进行张拉吹塑成型可以制作无注入孔的中空件,如灯泡壳体30。

Description

制作中空件的注入张拉吹塑法
本发明涉及利用张拉吹塑法制作塑坯来生产像灯泡(壳体)和包装容器一类中空件的方法，其中的塑坯是利用像聚对酞酸乙二酯(又称聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)、聚碳酸酯一类合成树脂采用注模法制作。
包括PET(聚对酞酸乙二酯)瓶的包装容器是采用张拉吹塑法生产的众所周知的中空件。张拉吹塑法这种技术是将采用注模法制作的塑坯在轴向张拉的同时通过向吹塑模吹入空气使其扩张而成为各种形状的瓶子。
图5示出用于制作塑坯供随后进行张拉吹塑使用的注塑模。此注塑模的构成包括用于形成塑坯体的腔模1、用于形成塑坯口的瓶颈模2和通过瓶颈模2***腔模1中的芯模3。这些部件组合形成一个延伸进入瓶颈模2的模腔4。熔融的树脂通过腔模底部的注入孔5注入到模腔4中并填充模腔4以形成预定的塑坯6。
采用这种传统方式得到的塑坯在瓶底的外表面上有一个注入孔痕迹，因为熔融树脂是通过腔模底部上的注入孔5注入和填充。在塑坯经张拉吹塑法制作成产品时，注入孔痕迹保留在最终产品的底部。在大多数情况下，此注入孔痕迹处于底部外表面的凹进部分，并且当最终产品处于垂直状态时从外边是察觉不到的。因此，这种注入孔痕迹对用于装水或碳酸饮料之类的PET瓶子没什么意义，因为容器不需要因所装的内容的种类而具有更高的附加价值。
然而，当此种容器用于盛装贵重产品如化妆品时，瓶底上的注入孔痕迹可能会减小容器的附加价值。尤其是如果存在这种注入孔痕迹而要将之去除时，经常会对容器造成致命的后果而使之成为废品。从而在采用模塑成形法制作用于盛装贵重产品的容器时人们很关心其成品率。
在采用张拉吹塑法制作灯泡壳时，塑坯上的注入孔痕迹位于球面的中心处。即使采用后处理也无法将此注入孔痕迹彻底去除。对用于室内的球面朝下的灯泡而言，对注入孔痕迹进行的后处理会在球面上产生细微的不规则处并使该部分的透光性由于光的漫反射在灯泡壳体上形成挡光部分而恶化。此外，由于经过处理的灯泡壳体的表面亮度有差别，所以注入孔痕迹在其表面上还是可以察觉的。因此，这就又产生了为了照明和装饰两种目的这种灯泡壳体的价值不如玻璃制品。
塑坯底部上的注入孔痕迹的问题可以通过将注入孔设置于与塑坯的颈部相应的位置上而得到解决，如日本专利说明书No.47-38548中所公开的。
然而，在此已知方法中，在一对颈模的分离面上有一个接触喷嘴段。因此，由于注入压力的作用使颈模被推开而打开，这导致必须为颈模设置专用模具夹紧用具。此种夹紧用具在传统的***中没有，因而造成使模塑成形机更加复杂化的问题。
对于模塑成形，因为熔融树脂是在侧面的一个位置上注入，熔融树脂很难均匀流动以实现彻底填充，因而注入常导致出现熔接处。因此，需要有一种先进的采用模塑成形方式制作塑坯的技术。利用上述已知方法很难解决这个问题。
本发明的目的是提供一种新的制作中空件的注入张拉吹塑法，这种方法可解决上述已知方法中的问题并可防止在使用中由于在其底部外表面上的注入孔痕迹而造成的麻烦和防止附加价值的减小，即使这一方法是如上述已知方法中所述的通过将注入孔设置于与塑坯的颈部相应的位置上而使其底部表面上没有注入孔痕迹并且在其后对此塑坯进行张拉吹塑的一种制作塑坯的注塑法。
为达到上述目的本发明采用如下的中空件张拉吹塑法，此方法包括的步骤为：将用于模塑成形塑坯体的腔模及用于模塑成形塑坯口的颈模合拢；将芯模通过颈模***使之到达模腔之内；将熔融树脂从圆形树脂贮存槽注入到模腔内以便对在底部外表面上没有注入孔痕迹的塑坯进行模塑成形，上述圆形树脂贮存槽具有所要求的外径以便在上述腔模和颈模之间的分离段上围绕模腔形成一个注入孔，上述注入孔与在腔模和颈模之间形成的注入通道相通连；并且，通过颈模来夹持塑坯口，将塑坯张拉吹塑成为中空件，此件底部的外表面上没有注入孔痕迹并且不需要进行后处理。
其次，本发明在进行张拉吹塑制作灯泡壳体时是对按如下方式制得的塑坯进行张拉吹塑：将熔融树脂由上述树脂贮存槽注入模腔，同时在使其模塑成形为灯泡壳体时在靠近上述树脂贮存槽处的凸缘部分上形成注入孔痕迹，而在底部外表面上无注入孔痕迹，也不须要进行会在上述壳体的发光部分的中心区造成光学缺陷的后处理。上述的凸缘部分与发光部分形成一个整体而成为用来固定灯泡壳体的凸缘。
此外，本发明在进行张拉吹塑制作容器时是对按如下方式制得的塑坯进行张拉吹塑：将熔融树脂由上述树脂贮存槽注入模腔，同时在使其模塑成形为容器时在靠近上述树脂贮存槽处的凸缘部分上形成注入孔痕迹，而在底部外表面上无注入孔痕迹，也不须要进行后处理。上述的凸缘部分与主体形成一个整体而成为用来接受瓶盖的凸缘。
本发明的另一特点是用于上述灯泡壳体模塑成形的材料是具有热阻的热塑树脂，如聚碳酸酯等，而用于上述容器模塑成形的材料是像聚酯树脂和聚碳酸酯之类的热塑树脂。
图1是根据本发明的注模的垂直剖视图，示出塑坯注模成形的过程。图2是示出球形灯泡壳体张拉吹塑成形吹塑模的垂直剖视图。图3是根据本发明模塑成形的球形灯泡壳体的垂直剖视图。图4是根据本发明的张拉吹塑成形法制作包装容器的吹塑模的垂直剖视图。图5示出的是采用注模成形法制作传统容器，如PET瓶子，所用的注模的垂直剖视图。
图1至图3示出根据本发明的模塑法制作灯泡壳体的一个实施例。
图1中标号10代表塑坯模塑成形用的注模。注模的构成包括用于形成塑坯体的腔模11、用于形成塑坯口的颈模12和通过颈模12***腔模11中的芯模13。芯模13形成一个进入颈模12内部的纵向模腔14。
用于向上述模腔14注入熔融树脂的注入孔15围绕模腔14设置在腔模11和颈模12之间的分离段上。具有所要求的外径的圆形树脂贮存槽17设置在分离段上。在树脂贮存槽17上设置上述注入孔15。注入孔15与在腔模11和颈模12之间形成的注入通道18相通连。
标号19代表基板，其上安置腔模11。标号20代表传送板，传送板由，比如，一个转动板构成，其背面安装有颈模12并可在水平方向上开合。传送板与位于其上的升降板21可相对腔模11一同上下移动而开闭注模。
图2中标号22代表由一对可在基板23上在互相移近或分开的的半模组成的吹(塑成形)模。当吹模关闭时，就形成一个吹腔24，用来形成球形体的灯泡壳体30。吹芯26设置在上部，可上下移动，其中有一根可伸缩的张拉杆25。
图中未示出上述壳体30的如下模塑成形过程。首先，注模10关闭，注塑机的喷嘴与分离面上的注入通道的注入孔连接。不透明的带色熔融聚碳酸酯树脂注入进注模中。注入压力由垂直方向上作用的夹持力顶住。设置在腔模11和颈模12之间的分离面上的注入通道18将由注入压力产生的作用于颈模一方的推力释放。由此，不需要夹持用具用于防止颈模12在横向上被强迫打开。
在上述树脂通道18中的熔融树脂通过注入孔15流入树脂贮存槽17。熔融树脂从模腔14的周边流进模腔14，流进时受到树脂贮存槽17的导引，并且形成一环形流。因此，熔融树脂流动均匀并且不会形成湍流，同时从腔模11和颈模12两边流入模腔，即或注入孔的位置只有一个。如此一来由腔模11形成本体16a，由颈模12形成带螺纹的外表面，而塑坯16形成时在塑坯口的周边由树脂贮存槽17形成凸缘31。
如上所述的塑坯16无熔接处，因为熔融树脂从模腔的周边是均匀注入的，否则当熔融树脂是通过一侧上的一个部分注入时，很容易出现熔接处。这又可防止在最终产品上出现由于熔接处而造成的不均匀部分。
其次，颈模12和芯模13向上移动打开注模。塑坯16从腔模11和芯模13中脱出并传送到上述的吹模22中，传送时由颈模12夹持塑坯口16b。之后采用传统的技术利用张拉吹塑成形制作出球形灯泡壳体30。模塑成形时，在半模闭合之后塑坯16的本体16a由张拉杆25在轴向上张拉并利用吹入的空气充满吹模模腔使塑坯16扩张而形成球形灯泡壳体30。
模塑成形结束后将注模打开并将灯泡壳体传送到另外的地点，传送时由颈模12夹持塑坯口。把塑坯口16b在凸缘上边的一部分去掉，这作为一种后处理。在这种灯泡壳体30中，在将由注入通道18形成的浇口去掉后注入孔痕迹存在于凸缘31的外缘上。因此，无须像传统方法中那样去处理壳体中心部分上的注入孔痕迹。如果有注入孔痕迹，也不会损害产品的外观，因为它是位于发光部分以外的部分。
塑坯口16b可以不去掉。相反，塑坯口外表面上的螺纹可以用于将灯泡壳体固定到灯座上。在塑坯口16b去掉时，凸缘31用作固定灯泡壳体的凸缘。
如上所述，在这种灯泡壳体的中心部分不会出现由于注入孔痕迹而产生阴影。在表面上看不到注入孔痕迹，否则的话，由于在处理后产生表面亮度的差异会看得到的。因此，由聚碳酸酯这样的合成树脂制作灯泡壳体的质量可以与玻璃制作的灯泡壳体相比。灯泡壳体用于照明和装饰目的的价值有很大提高。另外，其价格可以降低，因为可以采用张拉吹塑成形进行大量生产。
图4示出一个在底部外表面的中心部分没有注入孔痕迹的容器32的实施例。容器32的形成方式与灯泡壳体30的形成方式相同，是通过对塑坯16进行模塑成形并将塑坯16放置在具有模腔33的吹模34中通过张拉吹塑成形而形成为纵向容器。
在此容器32中，塑坯16是在吹模34中张拉吹塑成形，其过程是通过将熔融的聚对酞酸乙二酯树脂经由上述注模10的模腔14分离段上的树脂贮存槽17的注入孔15注入到模腔14之中。于是，注入孔就由在上述树脂贮存槽17的凸缘部分35上生成。结果，就可以提供底部外表面上没有注入孔痕迹，因而无须对底部外表面进行后处理的无注入孔的容器32。在上述容器32中，由树脂贮存槽17形成的凸缘35可与本体整体形成而成为用于容纳瓶盖的凸缘。
在张拉杆25所产生的垂直方向的张拉速率大于由吹入空气所产生的径向扩张速率时，塑坯16的中心会从张拉杆25端部的中心移开，即使两种速率的差别相当小。结果会使注入孔痕迹从传统的底部具有注入孔痕迹的容器底部的外表面的中心移开而使其外观变差。这种容器如果用来盛装的是如化妆品之类的产品时，由于具有较高附加值，就可能被作为废品剔除。而对于底部外表面上无注入孔的容器32就不存在这种问题。这就可以消除由于注入孔痕迹的移动而产生的废品并从而提高成品率。
上述的实施例所描述的是注模10是由下腔模11和上颈模12组成的，但是注模10也可由上述腔模和颈模上下颠倒设置而组成。此时腔模11可以延伸向下而安装在上基板上。颈模12与传送装置可设置在一起使颈模可相对腔模的背面上下移动。
如上所述，在具有所要求的外径的圆形树脂贮存槽中设置有一个注入孔，而树脂贮存槽则位于模腔的分离段上，这样就可以通过注模成形方式生成在底部外表面上无注入孔痕迹的塑坯，然后将之吹塑成形而成为在底部外表面上无注入孔痕迹的中空件。对灯泡壳体而言，可以消除否则会由于注入孔痕迹而造成的光学缺陷。对容器而言，可以防止否则会由于底部外表面上的注入孔痕迹而造成的附加值减小。在工业领域中的采用本发明是有益的。此外，与具有传统结构的注模和吹模相比并无重大改变。模塑成形时也不要求特别技术。因此，具有重大工业应用前景。

Claims (7)

1.一种制作中空件的注入张拉吹塑法，包括将熔融树脂注入到注模以形成所要求的塑坯，注模中的一个用于塑坯本体注模成形的腔模和一个用于塑坯口注模成形的颈模是闭合的，而且其中形成一个可通过颈模***芯模而到达颈模内部的模腔，并且在吹模中通过张拉吹塑使塑坯成形为中空件，其特征在于，熔融树脂是通过一圆形树脂贮存槽进入模腔以便通过模塑成形形成在底部外表面上无注入孔痕迹的塑坯，上述圆形树脂贮存槽具有所要求的外径以便在上述腔模和颈模之间的分离段上围绕模腔形成一个注入孔，上述注入孔与在腔模和颈模之间形成的注入通道相通连；并且，通过颈模来夹持塑坯口，将塑坯张拉吹塑成为中空件，此件底部的外表面上没有注入孔痕迹并且不需要进行后处理。
2.如权利要求1中所述的注入张拉吹塑法，其特征在于，在进行张拉吹塑制作灯泡壳体时是对按如下方式制得的塑坯进行张拉吹塑：将熔融树脂由上述树脂贮存槽注入模腔，同时在使其模塑成形为灯泡壳体时在靠近上述树脂贮存槽处的凸缘部分上形成注入孔痕迹，不须要进行会在上述壳体的发光部分的中心区造成光学缺陷的后处理。
3.如权利要求2中所述的注入张拉吹塑法，其特征在于，上述的凸缘部分与发光部分形成一个整体而成为用来固定灯泡壳体的凸缘。
4.如权利要求2中所述的注入张拉吹塑法，其特征在于，上述灯泡壳体模塑成形的材料是具有热阻的热塑树脂，如聚碳酸酯等。
5.如权利要求1中所述的注入张拉吹塑法，其特征在于，在容器的吹模中对按如下方式制得的塑坯进行张拉吹塑成形，即将熔融树脂由上述树脂贮存槽注入模腔，同时在使其模塑成形为容器时在靠近上述树脂贮存槽处的凸缘部分上形成注入孔痕迹，而在底部外表面上无注入孔痕迹，也不需更进行后处理。
6.如权利要求5中所述的注入张拉吹塑法，其特征在于，述容器是由像聚酯树脂和聚碳酸酯之类的热塑树脂制作。
7.如权利要求5中所述的注入张拉吹塑法，其特征在于，上述的凸缘部分与主体形成一个整体而成为用来接受瓶盖的凸缘。
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TW345529B (en) 1998-11-21
AU3635297A (en) 1998-02-20
DE69716029T2 (de) 2003-06-05
ID19318A (id) 1998-07-02
BR9706647A (pt) 1999-01-12
KR100441478B1 (ko) 2004-10-12
WO1998004396A1 (fr) 1998-02-05
AU712895B2 (en) 1999-11-18
MX9802503A (es) 1998-11-30
CN1064890C (zh) 2001-04-25
ES2186905T3 (es) 2003-05-16
EP0870593A4 (en) 1999-02-10
EP0870593B1 (en) 2002-10-02
JP3677690B2 (ja) 2005-08-03
KR19990063868A (ko) 1999-07-26
EP0870593A1 (en) 1998-10-14
JPH1044223A (ja) 1998-02-17
DE69716029D1 (de) 2002-11-07

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