CN1187111C - 用于净化压缩空气***中的空气的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
通过使压缩空气***中的空气连续经过预滤器(6)、具有大孔的硅胶(7)、具有细小孔的硅胶(8)、分子筛(9)和精滤器(10)，从而对该空气进行清洁。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于净化压缩空气***中的空气的方法。本发明还涉及该方法的用途以及实现该方法的装置。
发明的背景技术
压气机将空气输送给压缩空气***。该空气通常经过空气干燥器，在该空气干燥器中，空气通过干燥剂或分子筛而干燥。
不过，来自压气机的空气是气体、固体微粒和液体微粒的混合物。该混合物称为气悬体(aerosol)。该微粒的尺寸通常的范围为0.001-15μm。该微粒可以形成较大的块(clod)，即所谓的凝聚块(agglomerate)。该较大的液体微粒可以被机械捕获。
有些微粒已经在供给压气机的空气中，而另一些微粒则在该压气机中加入，尤其是当该压气机为活塞型时(在该压气机中，润滑油将添加到空气中)。
分子筛的目的是吸收湿气，并被周期性地回收以除去该湿气。不过，众所周知，通过空气引入该分子筛内的所有其它物质都将损害该分子筛的功能，因此它必需不时进行更换。还有，离开分子筛的空气还将含有能够使压缩空气***出故障和受损害的物质，该问题随着分子筛的老化而变严重。
发明内容
因此，本发明的主要目的是消除目前使用空气干燥***而造成的上述缺陷，并对输送给压缩空气***的空气进行清洁，而不是仅仅进行干燥。
因此，通过使空气连续经过以下媒介，可实现本发明：
-一预滤器，该预滤器用于防止大于5μm的较大微粒、自由水和液体通过，且对于较大微粒来说效率较高，但是对于较小微粒来说效率有限；
-硅胶，其包含具有大孔的硅胶和具有细小孔的硅胶，具有大孔的硅胶的孔隙大小为120-130，用于防止较大的碳化合物通过和用于吸收液体形式的水；具有细小孔的硅胶用于防止较小的碳化合物通过和用于吸收蒸汽形式的水；
-一分子筛，所述分子筛是Zeolit；以及
-一精滤器，该精滤器可吸收在前面媒介中产生的小微粒，它由聚酯制造，或者可以选择由聚丙烯、羊毛和粘胶制造，且对于0.4μm微粒的效率至少为30％。
根据本发明的方法优选是用于汽车的压缩空气***中，尤其是重型运输车辆的压缩空气***中，但是也可以有其它用途。
普通的用于空气干燥器的筒有一柱形壳体，该柱形壳体有一柱形壁，该柱形壁将壳体分成一环形外隔室和一柱形中心隔室。在该筒中，预滤器和硅胶可以布置在外隔室内，分子筛和精滤器可以布置在中心隔室内。
附图说明
下面将参考附图进一步介绍本发明，该附图所示为穿过用于汽车空气干燥器的空气干燥器筒的剖视图。
具体实施例说明
图中所示的筒是主要用于重型运输车辆的压缩空气***的空气干燥器中的普通结构。同样，该筒、空气干燥器和压缩空气***是普通的，其本身并不构成本发明的任何部分。
图中所示的筒仅仅非常简单地进行了表示。它有一柱形壳体1，例如由塑料材料制成。如本领域技术人员公知，该筒的壳体1将布置在空气干燥器的罐(未示出)中并位于基座件(未示出)上。
柱形筒由柱形分隔壁2分成两个隔室：一柱形中心隔室和一环形外隔室。该中心隔室的容积可以等于外隔室的容积的一半，但也可以是其它比例。
在空气干燥器的基座件中形成有不仅能使空气在下部区域进出这两隔室而且还能使空气在上部区域在这两隔室之间流通的装置。
压缩弹簧3设在壳体1的顶端和外隔室及中间隔室的可动盖4、5之间。该弹簧的目的是保持隔室内容物处于一定压力下。
这种情况下，待进行干燥的空气能够在外隔室的底端进入该筒，还能从中心隔室的底端离开该筒。
这时，空气在流过该筒的过程中将经过以下清洁和干燥物质，该清洁和干燥物质将在下面进一步介绍：
-一预滤器6，该预滤器6将防止较大的微粒、水和液体通过；
-具有大孔的硅胶7；这将防止较大的碳化合物和其它化合物通过，且吸收液体形式的水；还有，将防止分子筛(参见后面)化学分解；
-具有细小孔的硅胶8；这将防止较小的碳化合物通过，且吸收蒸汽形式的水，还有，将防止分子筛暴露于自由水；
-干燥剂或分子筛9；从空气中除去剩余的湿气，并最大限度地降低露点；
-精滤器10，该精滤器10吸收在空气干燥器的前面部分中产生的小微粒。
输送给空气干燥器的空气来自于压气机。来自于压气机(尤其是活塞式压气机)的空气是气体、固体微粒和/或液体微粒的混合物。该混合物称为气悬体。
通常但不是排他，微粒的尺寸在0.001μm和15μm之间变化。该微粒可以凝聚成较大的块。
微粒的浓度随微粒大小而变化，似乎0.4μm微粒的浓度最大。微粒的最高确定数是140000000个微粒/m3空气。
大部分微粒是碳微粒，但是还有硫和氮微粒。与水组合时，这些物质形成不同的化学化合物，例如亚硝酸、亚硫酸、氮化合物和多种碳氢化合物。还可以形成不同类型的酯化合物。
污染物(化学化合物)将侵蚀筒中的分子筛以及在汽车压缩空气***中的橡胶或塑料材料制成的零件。
污染物阻塞分子筛，该分子筛的吸收湿气的能力将减小或完全消失。该分子筛的组成部分还会断裂，从而形成灰尘。该灰尘再阻塞过滤器，且还能够到达压缩空气***，在该压缩空气***处，它可能导致较大和较昂贵的损害。阻塞的过滤器将增加分子筛上的压降，并削弱其再生性(regeneration)。结果导致分子筛和其它部件的寿命缩短。
当聚合物材料暴露于不同化学化合物时，它们的特性可能发生巨大变化。该材料可能溶解、膨胀、收缩或以其它方式变化。这导致泄漏、增大摩擦和部分或总体功能失效。
预滤器6
该过滤器的目的是防止较大的微粒(凝聚块)、自由水和其它出现的液体/物质直接通过该过滤器和与后面的分子筛接触。目前所用的过滤器对于小于5μm的微粒来说效率非常有限，但是接下来的工作的目的在于发展一种对于较小微粒也有效的过滤器。实验显示，对于5μm的微粒来说，效率为50％。
硅胶7和8
硅胶为多孔、颗粒状、非晶体形式的硅酸或二氧化硅，并通过硫酸和硅酸钠之间的化学反应而合成制造(99.7重量％SiO2)。
硅胶的重要特征在于其化学惰性、无毒性和耐压性，且它对高极性液体例如醇、酯、醛、酮和有机酸有很高的吸收能力。硅胶的孔隙大小为20-140。
当需要保持良好的干燥能力时，仅用一种硅胶作为干燥剂并不合适。具有细小孔的硅胶有相对良好的水吸收能力，但是当暴露于自由水中时，某些类型将完全溶解。另一方面，具有大孔的硅胶有屏障作用，这意味着它能够吸收非常多的湿气，并有相对高的耐自由水性，而露点降低非常小。具有大孔的硅胶理论上能够吸收大小为C6或更大的碳氢化合物，而具有细小孔的硅胶能够吸收大小为C4-C8的化合物。
很难在具有大孔和小孔的硅胶之间画出一条明确的线，但是在实际实验中所用的、具有大孔的硅胶的孔大小为120-130。
实验显示，采用具有大孔的硅胶能够使大小为C8-C17的碳氢化合物到达分子筛的量减小大约80％，大小为C6-C7的碳氢化合物的量减小大约35％，而大小小于C6的碳氢化合物的通过量实际上没有减小。
目前正在进行实验，以便对具有细小孔的硅胶的效率进行评价。
分子筛9
所用的干燥剂材料或分子筛可以是Zeolit(但是也可以有其它选择)。它是硅石、铝和氧原子与钠、钾或钙离子组合而成的结晶状高度多孔材料。所采用的类型为Na12[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12]27H2O。孔的大小为4，它最主要的能力是吸湿性。分子筛的主要缺点是它可能由于自由水的机械作用而***，以及它将由于碳氢化合物而化学破裂和将由于油等而被阻塞。
精滤器10
精滤器的目的是对付在分子筛中产生或存在于分子筛中的微粒，从而防止它们继续进到压缩空气***。它可以由多种类型的材料制造。实际上，所用的是聚酯过滤器。也可选择，可以采用聚丙烯、羊毛和粘胶过滤器。该过滤器对于在筒内所产生的流速下的0.4μm微粒，其效率可以至少为大约30％。
在附后的权利要求范围内可以进行变化。例如，具有细小孔8的硅胶当布置在分子筛9之后时，也可以有效收集大小为C4-C6的碳化合物。
Claims (3)
1.一种净化压缩空气***中的空气的方法，其特征在于：使空气连续经过以下媒介：
-一预滤器(6)，该预滤器(6)用于防止大于5μm的较大微粒、自由水和液体通过，且对于上述较大微粒来说效率较高，但是对于较小微粒来说效率有限；
-硅胶，其包含具有大孔的硅胶(7)和具有细小孔的硅胶(8)，具有大孔的硅胶(7)的孔隙大小为120-130，用于防止较大的碳化合物通过和用于吸收液体形式的水；具有细小孔的硅胶(8)用于防止较小的碳化合物通过和用于吸收蒸汽形式的水；
-一分子筛(9)，所述分子筛(9)是Zeolit；以及
-一精滤器(10)，该精滤器(10)用于吸收在前面媒介中产生的小微粒，它由聚酯制造，或者由聚丙烯、羊毛和粘胶制造，且对于0.4μm微粒的效率至少为30％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：该压缩空气***用于汽车中。
3.用于实现权利要求1所述方法的装置，其中：一个用于普通空气干燥器的筒有一柱形壳体(1)，该普通空气干燥器在压缩空气***内并在压气机后面，该柱形壳体(1)有一柱形分隔壁(2)，该柱形分隔壁将壳体分成一环形外隔室和一柱形中心隔室，其特征在于：预滤器(6)和所述硅胶布置在外隔室内，分子筛(9)和精滤器(10)布置在中心隔室内，并且，将预滤器(6)，所述硅胶、分子筛(9)和精滤器(10)布置成这样，即，使空气能够连续经过预滤器(6)、具有大孔的硅胶(7)，具有细小孔的硅胶(8)、分子筛(9)和精滤器(10)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9903692A SE9903692L (sv) | 1999-10-14 | 1999-10-14 | Sätt och anordning för att rengöra luft i ett tryckluftsystem |
| SE99036923 | 1999-10-14 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1376087A CN1376087A (zh) | 2002-10-23 |
| CN1187111C true CN1187111C (zh) | 2005-02-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB00813510XA Expired - Fee Related CN1187111C (zh) | 1999-10-14 | 2000-10-12 | 用于净化压缩空气***中的空气的方法和装置 |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US6723154B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1229991B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4652649B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100625509B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1187111C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE244049T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU1068201A (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR0014705A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2384007A1 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE60003713T2 (zh) |
| SE (1) | SE9903692L (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2001026783A1 (zh) |
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| DE10126842A1 (de) * | 2001-06-01 | 2002-12-05 | Bsh Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Filtern verunreinigter Luft |
| KR100497431B1 (ko) * | 2002-11-01 | 2005-07-01 | 주식회사 케이피씨 | 치과용 공기정화장치 |
| DE10313575B4 (de) * | 2003-03-21 | 2014-01-23 | Wabco Gmbh | Kartuscheeinrichtung für einen Lufttrockner |
| SE526571C2 (sv) * | 2003-03-21 | 2005-10-11 | Haldex Brake Prod Ab | Lufttorkare försedd med en mellankassett |
| EP1626796B2 (en) * | 2003-05-19 | 2020-11-18 | WABCO GmbH | Air dryer cartridge |
| AU2004251494B2 (en) | 2003-06-25 | 2009-08-27 | Wabco Europe Bvba | Air dryer cartridge |
| US20050045041A1 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-03 | Hechinger Glenn R. | Removable cartridge for swing-type adsorption system |
| DE10351837B4 (de) * | 2003-11-06 | 2008-01-24 | Haldex Brake Products Gmbh | Verfahren zum Reinigen von Druckluft an Druckluftbeschaffungsanlagen von Kraftfahrzeugen sowie Kartusche hierfür |
| SE526569C2 (sv) * | 2003-11-28 | 2005-10-11 | Haldex Brake Prod Ab | Utbytbar kassett i en lufttorkare |
| DE102004059508C5 (de) | 2004-12-10 | 2008-07-03 | Haldex Brake Products Gmbh | Verfahren zum Reinigen von Druckluft an Druckluftbeschaffungsanlagen von Kraftfahrzeugen sowie Kartusche hierfür |
| DE102005003377B4 (de) * | 2005-01-24 | 2007-09-13 | Zander Aufbereitungstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Adsorptionstrockner für gasförmige Medien mit mindestens einem rohrförmigen Druckbehälter |
| GB0509946D0 (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2005-06-22 | Wabco Automotive Uk Ltd | Air dryer cartridge |
| DE102005039059B3 (de) * | 2005-08-18 | 2006-09-28 | Haldex Brake Products Gmbh | Kartusche zum Reinigen von Druckluft in Druckluftbeschaffungsanlagen von Kraftfahrzeugen |
| DE102006019865C5 (de) * | 2006-04-28 | 2012-05-03 | Haldex Brake Products Gmbh | Kartusche, Druckluftaufbereitungsanlage und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Druckluftaufbereitungsanlage |
| DE102006037307A1 (de) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-14 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Druckluftversorgungseinrichtung für ein Nutzfahrzeug und Lufttrocknerpatrone |
| US7789950B2 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2010-09-07 | Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems Llc | Air dryer with oil removal filter |
| DE102007034435A1 (de) * | 2007-07-20 | 2009-01-22 | Mann + Hummel Gmbh | Trockenmittelbox zum Entfeuchten von Luft |
| PL2052768T3 (pl) | 2007-10-25 | 2011-12-30 | Knorr Bremse Systeme Fuer Nutzfahrzeuge Gmbh | Układ filtru powietrza dla pojazdu użytkowego i sposób sterowania układem filtru powietrza |
| US8114194B2 (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2012-02-14 | On Site Gas Systems, Inc. | Gas separation vessel with internal partition |
| JP5542388B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-11 | 2014-07-09 | ナブテスコオートモーティブ株式会社 | 空気乾燥装置 |
| DE102010038064B4 (de) | 2010-10-08 | 2013-02-21 | Haldex Brake Products Gmbh | Lufttrocknungskartusche |
| US8557030B2 (en) | 2011-04-06 | 2013-10-15 | Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems Llc | Air dryer assembly |
| US9764268B2 (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2017-09-19 | Entegris, Inc. | Gas purification filter unit |
| US8852327B1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-10-07 | Haldex Brake Products Corporation | Air dryer cartridge with integrated check valve |
| KR101486058B1 (ko) | 2013-05-27 | 2015-01-23 | 박종길 | 수지조성물 및 이의 제조방법 |
| DE102013107405A1 (de) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-15 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Druckluftbehälter eines Straßen- oder Schienenfahrzeugs |
| US9375679B2 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2016-06-28 | Haldex Brake Products Corporation | Air dryer assembly with manifold system |
| CN105169898B (zh) * | 2015-07-10 | 2017-09-29 | 浙江诸暨东港液压机械有限公司 | 一种商用车空气干燥器振动再生式干燥罐 |
| US9908070B2 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2018-03-06 | Pall Corporation | Fuel tank inerting prefilter assemblies, devices, and methods of use |
| DE112017005305T5 (de) * | 2016-10-21 | 2019-07-04 | Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. | Trocknervorrichtung und Luftfederungssystem |
| PL71222Y1 (pl) * | 2017-08-04 | 2020-02-28 | Malinowski Ryszard Malinex Przed Produkcyjno Handlowo Uslugowe | Przenośny filtr pneumatyczny |
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-
1999
- 1999-10-14 SE SE9903692A patent/SE9903692L/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2000
- 2000-10-12 AT AT00971948T patent/ATE244049T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-12 CN CNB00813510XA patent/CN1187111C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-12 KR KR1020027004621A patent/KR100625509B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-12 EP EP00971948A patent/EP1229991B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-12 CA CA002384007A patent/CA2384007A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-12 WO PCT/SE2000/001974 patent/WO2001026783A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-10-12 DE DE60003713T patent/DE60003713T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-12 BR BR0014705-2A patent/BR0014705A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-12 AU AU10682/01A patent/AU1068201A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-12 JP JP2001529838A patent/JP4652649B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2002
- 2002-04-12 US US10/121,529 patent/US6723154B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1376087A (zh) | 2002-10-23 |
| WO2001026783A1 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
| JP4652649B2 (ja) | 2011-03-16 |
| US6723154B2 (en) | 2004-04-20 |
| SE9903692D0 (sv) | 1999-10-14 |
| AU1068201A (en) | 2001-04-23 |
| CA2384007A1 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
| JP2003511638A (ja) | 2003-03-25 |
| KR20020059614A (ko) | 2002-07-13 |
| US20020194991A1 (en) | 2002-12-26 |
| KR100625509B1 (ko) | 2006-09-20 |
| DE60003713T2 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
| SE9903692L (sv) | 2001-04-15 |
| DE60003713D1 (de) | 2003-08-07 |
| EP1229991A1 (en) | 2002-08-14 |
| BR0014705A (pt) | 2002-06-18 |
| EP1229991B1 (en) | 2003-07-02 |
| ATE244049T1 (de) | 2003-07-15 |
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