CN1184333C - Multiple molten pool oxygen steel-making furnace for iron core reducing melting and its technological process - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses an iron ore reduction fusion oxygen gas steel making furnace with multiple melting baths and a process. Pellet ores or equivalent daran ores can produce a lot of crude steel molten steel by a sponge iron furnace and a fusion furnace of the present invention, the crude molten steel is smelted into steel in the oxygen gas furnace with multiple melting baths, a great amount of coal gas at high temperature is generated along with the processes of reduction fusion and steel making, the coal gas at the high temperature is used for heating furnace materials for raising the temperature of the molten steel and oxidizing roast in the mode of briquetting, and then, the coal gas at the high temperature enters a waste heat boiler and is all burnt off to cause power generation by high pressure steam; finally, hot flue gas is injected and exhausted into a dust removal material bin, the hot flue gas penetrates a material bed, reduces temperature, removes dust and preheats the furnace materials, and the hot flue gas is exhausted by a cloth bag; accordingly, the present invention obtains the effects of energy saving, power saving, water saving, low cost, high output, no pollution and no resource problem.

Description

Many molten baths of reducing and smelting iron ore oxygen steelmaking stove

The present invention is to be the metallurgical device of furnace charge large scale continuous prod steel with pellet or suitable natural ore deposit.

Now,, in prolonging usefulness and self-perfection process for a long time, developed into, the needs of steel and iron have been made major contribution for satisfying human society than proven technique based on the existing process for producing steel and iron of iron-smelting blast furnace, top-blown oxygen converter.

But top-blown oxygen converter relies on blast-melted steel-making; Blast-melted dependence coke is produced.And coke coking coal coking, coking coal is one of the coal of the most deficient sesame of the current property asked entirely, 10% of the not enough world of its reserves coal reserves, be in for a long time again in the excessive exploitation out of control, also have, coking, a large amount of obnoxious flavoures are discharged in ironmaking in process of production, environmental protection organization of United Nations has been to cause one of principal element of asking chamber warm in nature effect entirely with its example, that is to say that existing its survival and development of iron and steel technology are being faced with the puzzlement and row's war of serious resource and environmental issue, in addition, top-blown oxygen converter adopts mechanical smoke extraction for single stove fascinates periodically to produce, to making steel a large amount of high-temperature furnace gas that produced, can't accomplish that raw state shifts and utilization continuously, and state huge facility and the water of input that will spend huge sums and carry out control emission, prior art also has serious energy water waste problem except that above-mentioned resource environment protection problem in other words.

The objective of the invention is, provide a kind of without coking coal, without coke, also need not be blast-melted, and directly with making furnace charge in pellet or suitable natural ore deposit, be the new technology of the extensive reducing and smelting continuously of energy steel-making with self-produced waste heat: " many molten baths of reducing and smelting iron ore oxygen steelmaking stove and technology thereof ".

The scheme that adopts for above-mentioned purpose the present invention is: six significant combining of subsystem have been constituted " many molten baths of reducing and smelting iron ore oxygen steelmaking stove ".These six subsystems are respectively: " many molten baths oxygen steelmaking stove " abbreviation " many molten baths stove ", " waste heat hot metal mixer ", " oxygen melting furnace ", " sponge iron shaft furnace " abbreviation " sponge iron furnace ".And " the flue residue heat steam boiler " of fume exhaust system and " injection smoke evacuation dedusting feed bin " etc.

The logistics of " reducing and smelting iron ore oxygen steelmaking stove ", the hot-fluid flow process is: through the pellet of preheating and drying, be transported to the sponge iron shaft furnace by the dedusting feed bin, process preheating in the sponge iron furnace, fuse soaking and coal bath reduction and produce the pelletizing sponge iron in enormous quantities, then screen out the dry linting material through combing down totally-enclosed, band heat is sent in the high temperature feed bin of melting furnace continuously, after strengthening heating, the high temperature furnace charge is pushed in the molten bath of oxygen melting furnace successively, with the rapid fusion of oxygen gun blowing, liquid slag is regularly discharged, liquid metal flows into the hot metal mixer molten bath by bath bottom reflection tap hole, in order to satisfy the needs of oxygen steelmaking, the melten iron in hot-metal mixer carbon content optionally adds high-carbon through arrangement and returns powder and carry out appropriateness adjustment.Steely iron water is put into the tundish that can fascinate by the reflection iron notch in advance, then stands the iron mouth and is blended into steel melting furnace and smelts into steel.

The high-temperature furnace gas that steel-making produces, by hot metal mixer water conservancy diversion flue stream to the hot metal mixer molten bath, prolong the molten bath surface current again to the other end burner, enter melting furnace top along uptake, enter the high temperature feed bin in the lump with the melting furnace high-temperature furnace gas, the coal gas of high temperature of sponge iron furnace generation is meanwhile also sent into the high temperature feed bin from discharge port one end by gas main, thereby three big energy hot-fluids converge and burn at this, together furnace charge is strengthened heating with the melting furnace oxygen blast flame that sucks, then enter waste heat boiler and proceed the property controlled burning from the high temperature feed bin, its temperature in is controlled at about 1600 ℃, temperature out is controlled at about 800 ℃, and all coal gas all will be burnt in boiler.Exhaust-heat boiler flue gas adopts constant voltage operation to be controlled automatically by the injection blower fan fully.At last, all flue gases enter the dedusting feed bin by the injection blower fan, see through the bed of material again and enter in the factory building of the totally enclosed stock ground of large space, by a large amount of cloth bags with ventilator or chimney emptying.From then on " many molten baths of reducing and smelting iron ore oxygen steelmaking stove " finally finished by the whole process of ore deposit to steel by the conversion of logistics hot-fluid.

Because the present invention is a totally enclosed high-temperature systems, its waste heat has obtained reclaiming to greatest extent and utilizing in transfer process, it not only is the oxidation of total system, reduction, fusion and steelmaking process provide the sufficient energy, and high-temperature furnace gas has obtained cooling and purification in shifting utilization, from then on a large amount of waters of Steel Plant and water pollution problems and drop into huge purification facility and power-equipment carries out the flue gas cool-down dedusting, and the hard nut to crack that environmental pollution still can not get solving all will become history, but need not be blast-melted without coke without coking coal, and with the technology that steel-making of iron ore and a spot of coal reducing and smelting and white heat generate electricity, also will become a reality very soon.The steel that also has the present invention to produce is full sponge iron steel, the good cost of high purity quality is low, according to the practice of reaction narrow-necked earthen jar method and the use sponge iron steel-making of electric furnace factory, by calculating, only make one in furnace charge than using blast-melted steel-making with iron ore, the furnace charge cost has reduced more than 30%.

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, and Fig. 1 is technical process of the present invention and device structure form sectional view.

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is connected by " many molten baths oxygen steelmaking stove " 1, " waste heat hot metal mixer " 2, " oxygen melting furnace " 3, " sponge iron shaft furnace " 4, " flue residue heat boiler " 5 and " injection smoke evacuation dedusting feed bin " 6 and forms.

Many molten baths oxygen furnace 1 among Fig. 1 is a steel melting furnace that two or more molten baths are arranged, and each molten bath can both independent operation steel-making.Many molten baths oxygen steelmaking stove 1 mainly is made of body of heater 11 furnace crowns 12 two portions, and body of heater 1 is the association of two or three single bodies of heater normally.Each single-unit furnace all has corresponding tapping, is subjected to iron and the closed handle hole slag notch etc. of holding concurrently.All there is corresponding oxygen rifle hole in each molten bath on furnace crown 12, diffusing shape material hole, furnace lining, stove shape, heat size oxygen rifle are selected for use identical substantially with equal top-blown oxygen converter with smelting operation, different is that single-unit furnace furnace shell top is square body, the middle and lower part is a garden shape, but furnace bottom has handle sturcture to be fixed on the tray of rectilinear translation, extensible in case of necessity substitute, furnace crown 12 is that a rectangular cell body button of suspension type vault is placed on the conjuncted stove fire door, furnace crown 12 1 ends and hot metal mixer 2 water conservancy diversion flue UNICOMs, all the other position sealings.Adopt the purpose of many molten baths steel melting furnace 1, be for utilizing molten steel to contain the feature of constant substantially and furnace gas CO content height 〉=86% of＞0.2% o'clock composition of fumes of [C] amount, adopted Oxygen Furnace Steel and tapping are handed in each molten bath, can carry the higher high-temperature furnace gas of CO content continuously to closed system, accelerated the tapping frequency simultaneously, help continuous casting and steel rolling continuously, help dwindling found the factory investment and equipment scale, change 30t three molten bath stoves into as hundred tons of stoves, the overhead traveling crane that is equipped with will narrow down to 60t by 200t, and mill construction basis and auxiliary equipment all dwindle corresponding, and also having many molten baths stove 1 is a closed system, a molten bath tapping, other molten bath is at Oxygen Furnace Steel.A large amount of waste heats that steel-making produces influence each other each other and utilize, and tapping back temperature of furnace lining maintains the condition of high temperature all the time, can enter reaction between carbon and oxygen very soon after molten iron is blended into, and nothing waits the iron phenomenon, and the no temperature raising time, no cold operation does not have big spray accident.

" waste heat hot metal mixer " 2 among Fig. 1 is actually the open hearth of an end heat supply, the burner two ends dissolve stove 3 with oxygen respectively and " many molten baths steel melting furnace " 1 perforation is connected, a large amount of high-temperature furnace gas that steel-making produces, suitable inclination water conservancy diversion flue stream is to the molten bath, prolong weld pool surface again and flow to the other end burner, enter " oxygen melting furnace " 3 through uptake and converge with the melting furnace furnace gas.Hot metal mixer 2 adopts the reflection iron notch, and molten iron is blended into steel melting furnace by tundish, and a closed handle hole is arranged before the hot metal mixer 2.The main effect of hot metal mixer is to store the modified insulation molten iron of soaking, adjustment balance context.

" oxygen melting furnace " 3 among Fig. 1 is made of high temperature feed bin 31 and melting furnace 32 two portions.High temperature feed bin 31 is that a high-temperature furnace gas is concentrated the big volume storing flue that passes through.One end connects with melting furnace 32 opening for feeds and is connected, and the other end is connected with one or many high-order sponge iron shaft furnace 4 blow tanks sealings with flue residue heat steam boiler 5.

The pelletizing sponge iron enters high temperature feed bin 31 backs and is slowly pushed to melting furnace 32 baths by reciprocal vaporization cooling pushing device 33, and with steel-making, dissolve the high-temperature furnace gas convection current that stove 32 is come, and the lid that flame is carried out that is produced by a large amount of incendiary shaft furnace coal gas and melting furnace 32 bath lancings.Here youngster has concentrated all waste heats that furnace charge is strengthened heating.

Melting furnace 32 its molten baths are bigger constant volume molten baths of thermal capacity, do not cause that for reinforced bath temperature has big fluctuation, make every effort to accomplish quick and stable material and temperature raising, require reinforced batch, reinforced number of times, coordinate to set with the warm bath temperature of material.Molten bath temperature drop after common every batch of material adds ≯ 100 ℃.

Melting furnace 32 tap holes communicate with hot metal mixer 2 and are positioned at slope, hot metal mixer 2 molten bath top, are the place that the steel-making high-temperature furnace gas passes through here, and the process that the overflow molten steel flows into the molten bath along the stove slope is also made steel the process of high-temperature furnace gas heating.Tap hole bottom ladle canal communicates with bottom, melting furnace molten bath, is " U " shape communicating vessels passage, and when bath surface raise, bottom, molten bath molten steel can prolong duct and rise, and overflows automatically from tap hole successively to flow into hot metal mixer 2 molten baths.Melting furnace 32 is quick continuously important device of fusion furnace charges in a large number.

Sponge iron shaft furnace 2 among Fig. 1 is to bathe reduction furnace 42 two portions by oxidizing roasting stove 41 and coal to constitute, enter the pellet of stoving oven 41, process preheating in roasting Shanghai 41, roasting and equal thermal process, can roasting in enormous quantities become high temperature, the Well-recovered high price ferriferous oxide pelletizing of high strength, stoving oven 41 every square meter sections can be produced 5m in one hour usually ³/ hm ²About acid pellet, it becomes about 1200 ℃ of bulb temperatures, balling-up intensity 〉=200Kg/p.Ferrous content can drop to below 0.5%, has created an extraordinary condition thereby produce the above pelletizing sponge iron of ZHT-2 in enormous quantities for coal bath reduction.Coal liquid furnace 42 is big splendid holding furnaces of volume adiabatic condition, its wall as wall with flues be by self-produced coal gas of high temperature from top to bottom exhaust channel institute curtain become.After the high temperature oxidation pelletizing enters coal liquid furnace 42, go back the raw coal thorough mixing with spiral stoker 43 adds.

Coal is bathed the ball reduction and is begun from outward appearance to inner essence to carry out from high temperature, does not need long slowly heat temperature raising process, and reduction reaction carries out in moving under positive pressure, and go back raw coal and coal gas sufficient touch opportunity is arranged, so reduction reaction makes much progress.Bury the coal simulation test according to the high temperature ball, in 120 minutes, pelletizing sponge iron degree of metalization can reach the above level of ZHT-4.For this reason, coal is bathed, and reduction not only needs necessary space, but also needs the regular hour.The output of sponge iron furnace 4 does not determine the volume of coal liquid furnace 42, but depends on the cross-sectional area of stoving oven 41, " 8m ²The sponge iron furnace " be meant that stoving oven 41 cross-sectional areas are 8m ², be accompanied by the pelletizing coal in addition and bathe reduction, will there be a large amount of coal gas to produce.And the coal gas that is produced all will bathe the high temperature deficency district on about 1000 ℃ on upper strata by coal, almost do not have CO here ₂The condition that exists mainly is CO so there is not air intervention composition of fumes again.This part coal gas, except that part (about 1/2) was supplied with stoving oven 41 roasting oxidation pelletizings, remaining advanced gas pipeline transportation service in the high temperature product storehouse 31 of " oxygen melting furnace " 3 by the water-cooled vacuum breaker, is used for strengthening the heating furnace charge.Pelletizing sponge iron furnace 4 is not only the device of large scale continuous prod sponge iron, but also is a large-scale producer gas generator, and its bigger meaning also is to have opened new way out-of-the-way for the processing and utilization of realizing pure furnace charge steel-making of extensive full sponge iron and low-grade iron ore.

" flue residue heat boiler " 5 among Fig. 1 promptly is that an exit flue is again a recovery fume afterheat, causes high pressure steam to be used as the boiler of power generation energy resource.The high-temperature flue gas and the coal gas of being come by high temperature feed bin 31 all will pass through " flue residue heat boiler " 5; here; all remaining coal gas all will be burnt before leaving boiler; so promptly having accomplished keeps the safety in production has also protected ecotope; have surplus heat simultaneously, also obtained reclaiming to greatest extent and utilizing.

Injection smoke evacuation dedusting feed bin 6 among Fig. 1 connects with waste heat boiler 5 and is connected, flue gas passes the bed of material after entering the dedusting feed bin by injection blower fan 61, make flue gas can obtain the dedusting of lowering the temperature, also make furnace charge obtain preheating, flue gas ash removal feed bin 6 is to be background with zinc ore pelletizing smoke evacuation dry technology, in conjunction with characteristics such as the iron ore pellets particle diameter are little, the fume extractor of the extensive dry furnace charge of a kind of dry method cooling dedusting that is provided with, its main practice is to be provided with fixed simple type reinforced rail cage in the low level feed bin, on the iron cage by reciprocating type conveying belt uniform distribution, smoke evacuation in the iron cage, at the bottom of can passing the iron cage and enter the storehouse less than the powder of 6mm, feed bin bottom extending direction has program control blowing funnel of multiple spot and conveying belt 67.Enter the flue gas in the iron cage 65, can see through the big area bed of material 64 and enter in the room, totally enclosed large space stock ground, again by a large amount of cloth bag 63 emptyings, thereby the pollution problem of Steel Plant has fundamentally obtained improvement.

Claims (1)

1, many molten baths of a kind of reducing and smelting iron ore oxygen steelmaking stove, it is characterized in that: it by many molten baths oxygen steelmaking stove [1] waste heat hot metal mixer [2] oxygen melting furnace [3] sponge iron shaft furnace [4] flue residue heat boiler [5] injection smoke evacuation dedusting feed bin [6] complement each other connect connect constituted, described many molten baths oxygen steelmaking stove [1], have at least two above tops communicate can be asynchronous the molten bath of independent steel-making, bath furnace shell [11] is gone up and is the side, in be down garden shape, but be placed on the bottom tray of translation, furnace shell [11] has tap hole to be subjected to the iron mouth handle hole to be opened/closed slag flow port of holding concurrently, the top, molten bath is placed on the body of heater for suspension type vault flute profile furnace crown [12] button, and opening end and hot metal mixer [2] connect; Described oxygen smelting furnace [3] is made of melting furnace [32] and [31] two major portions of high temperature feed bin, high temperature feed bin [31] is a big volume storing discharge flue, all high-temperature residual heat furnace gas coal gas pass through and burning thus, the furnace charge is here strengthened heating, melting furnace [32] is a constant volume molten bath melting furnace, the bath temperature high heat capacity is big, continuously the Flashmelt furnace charge; Described sponge iron shaft furnace [4] is bathed reduction furnace [42] by oxidizing roasting stove [41] coal and is formed, oxidation oven [41] has material distributing machine [46] feed, combustion chamber [47] gas-fired provides pyrogen, pellet-roasting is become the Well-recovered acid pellet of high-temp and high-strength, it is a big splendid reduction furnace of volume adiabatic condition that coal is bathed reduction furnace [42], its wall is by self-produced coal gas of high temperature exhaust channel institute curtain line from top to bottom, and the raw coal of going back that high temperature oxidation pelletizing and screw stoker [43] add is bathed reduction at this abundant coal; Described injection smoke evacuation dedusting feed bin [6] is made up of the ventilative dynamic bed of material of injection blower fan [61] main flue [66] iron cage branch flue [65] [64] cloth bag [63] induced draft fan [62].