CN105349725A - Spontaneous combustion reduction method iron-smelting method and smelting device - Google Patents
Spontaneous combustion reduction method iron-smelting method and smelting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105349725A CN105349725A CN201510748497.XA CN201510748497A CN105349725A CN 105349725 A CN105349725 A CN 105349725A CN 201510748497 A CN201510748497 A CN 201510748497A CN 105349725 A CN105349725 A CN 105349725A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a non-blast-furnace smelting technology which achieves new energy development, replaces coke with coal and is low in cost and energy consumption, environment-friendly and short in technological procedure, and relates to a spontaneous combustion reduction method iron-smelting method and a smelting device. The method comprises the steps of furnace charge preparing, drying, preheating and roasting and smelting. According to the method, no sintering material or coke is adopted, and no coal gas is generated. The smelting device comprises a tunnel kiln and a smelt separation furnace. Waste heat generated by the smelt separation furnace is all used for drying and preheating of furnace charge blocks. Negative pressure operation and weak reduction smelting atmosphere completely opposite to those in a traditional iron-smelting method are adopted, the heat value of fuel is given into full play to the greatest extent, and energy is utilized most effectively.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgy and technical field of new energy development, particularly a kind of iron smelting method and smelting device.
Background technology
Iron and steel is the grain of industry, and be the lifeblood of national economy, therefore the science technology and economy of progress to whole country of iron smelting method all has great importance.
Iron smelting method the most ripe is at present blast furnace ironmaking, and its advantage is that the furnace life of blast furnace is long, production capacity is large, energy consumption is low, it is simple and easy to operate.But blast furnace ironmaking is very harsh to the requirement of furnace charge, and raw material has to pass through sintering, stock column must be done with coke.
The refining of coke coking coal obtains, and coking coal has listed world's scarce resource in.Coking coal reserves account for 5% of the reserves of coal, and what have extraction value only has 30% ~ 40%.Over more than 100 year, particularly over nearly 50 ~ 60 years, people have carried out extremely hard and bitter effort, have paid huge manpower and financial resources, have explored one and do not rely on coke, the iron-smelting process technology of briquet replacing coke.Meanwhile, in blast furnace ironmaking, the construction investment of sintering and these two step production lines of coking is huge, consume a large amount of heats, and environmental pollution is serious.
Non-blast furnace ironmaking method, " direct-reduction process " and " smelting reduction process " two large class can be divided into, but direct-reduction process can only produce sponge iron, melting and reducing rule is that the sponge iron of different metal rate direct-reduction process obtained is smelted into metallic iron further, is the continuation of direct-reduction process.Therefore, these two class methods are not independent, complete iron smelting methods, and have that production capacity is lower, energy consumption is comparatively large, furnace life is short, require high a series of shortcoming to the ferrous grade of raw material.Except COREX stove realizes except scale production, other non-blast furnace ironmaking method all also there is no the state of the art of scale production.Further, existing smelting reduction process often adopts the two-step approach of prereduction-reduction at end to realize, and complex procedures, cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of spontaneous combustion reduction method iron smelting method and smelting device, it belongs to the melting, reducing and smelting technique of non-blast furnace ironmaking category of a kind of low cost, less energy-consumption.
As a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a kind of spontaneous combustion reduction method iron smelting method, comprise following steps:
(1) furnace charge preparation: by iron-bearing material, coal, fusing assistant and binding agent, grind to form powdery respectively, complete batching in proportion; Add water batching stirring, and extrusion molding obtains furnace charge block; Air-dry;
(2) drying, preheating, roasting: furnace charge block is sent in the firing chamber of sealing, make high-temperature furnace gas flow from the kiln Caudad kiln hood of firing chamber; Allow furnace charge block be moved to kiln tail by kiln hood, drying, preheating and roasting are carried out to furnace charge block; Furnace charge block is warming up to and starts spontaneous combustion (temperature of spontaneous combustion is 500-550 DEG C); Furnace charge block, without cooling, is namely pushed in stove; Meanwhile, to jet in firing chamber combustion-supporting gas;
(3) melting: furnace charge block enters the solid charge district of stove, continues to be heated by the high-temperature furnace gas risen, and starts softening fusing; Furnace charge block after softening falls to solid charge and the slag mixing zone of stove, reaches and melts completely; The depositing separation area that molten iron and the slag of fusing fall to entering stove is separated, then discharges from iron notch and slag notch respectively.
Preferably, roasting and melting are carried out in weakly reducing atmosphere.
Drying, preheating, calcination steps and melting step are carried out under condition of negative pressure.
The high-temperature furnace gas produced in melting step enters firing chamber, for the drying of furnace charge block, preheating and roasting.
In drying, preheating and roasting process, furnace charge block keeps shape intact.
In melting step, First air winding-up is carried out to solid charge and slag mixing zone, material in stove is rolled.
In melting step, secondary air winding-up is carried out to solid charge district, make rate of combustion >=95% of the carbon monoxide in solid charge district.
First air is jetted and/or secondary air is jetted, and the combustion-supporting gas used heats in advance in kiln.
First air is jetted and/or secondary air is jetted, and the gas used is oxygen rich gas or air.
Furnace charge block is normal temperature ~ 80 DEG C in the temperature of drying stage; It is 80 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C in the temperature of pre-heating stage; It is 600 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C in the temperature of firing stage.
In the solid charge district of stove, furnace charge block is heated to 1500 DEG C by high-temperature furnace gas, and furnace gas temperature reduces due to heat exchange simultaneously.
As a second aspect of the present invention, the invention allows for a kind of smelting device, comprise kiln and stove, wherein, kiln comprises firing chamber, and be provided with kiln car walking track bottom firing chamber, the kiln car being mounted with furnace charge block orbits; The two ends of kiln are provided with tightness system; Be provided with induced draft fan at kiln hood to carry out drawing wind, make high-temperature furnace gas flow from kiln Caudad kiln hood; Be provided with high-temperature discharging device at kiln tail, the sidewall of the kiln relative with high-temperature discharging device is provided with opening; Stove comprises blanking flue and body of heater; Body of heater is divided into solid charge district, solid charge and slag mixing zone, depositing separation area from top to bottom; Stove is communicated by the opening of blanking flue with the sidewall of kiln, and the high-temperature furnace gas that stove produces is entered in kiln by blanking flue.
Preferably, described induced draft fan makes to keep negative pressure in tunnel furnace by drawing wind.
Be provided with secondary air injection system in kiln and be blown into combustion-supporting gas, impel remaining CO gas perfect combustion in the high-temperature furnace gas in kiln.
First air spray gun is set at the solid charge of stove and the furnace wall place of position, slag mixing zone, carries out First air winding-up, material in stove is rolled.
Secondary-wind spray gun is set at the furnace wall place of the position, solid charge district of stove, carries out secondary air winding-up, make rate of combustion >=95% of the carbon monoxide in solid charge district.
Be provided with heating duct in kiln, the combustion-supporting gas that described First air spray gun and/or secondary-wind spray gun use is heated by the heating duct in kiln in advance.
The gas that described First air spray gun and/or secondary-wind spray gun use is oxygen enrichment or air.
As a third aspect of the present invention, the invention allows for a kind of drying of furnace charge, preheating, roasting method, it is characterized in that, comprise following steps:
(1) furnace charge block is sent in the firing chamber of sealing, make high-temperature furnace gas flow from kiln Caudad kiln hood;
(2) make furnace charge block be moved to kiln tail by the kiln hood of firing chamber, drying, preheating and roasting are carried out to furnace charge block;
(3) start spontaneous combustion when furnace charge block is warming up to 500-550 DEG C in warm, and then by the high-temperature furnace gas roasting from smelting furnace, under the acting in conjunction of two thermals source, complete rapidly the roasting process of furnace charge block.
(4) in firing chamber, combustion-supporting gas is blown into.
Preferably, also comprise step: (5) arrange induced draft fan at kiln hood, make to keep negative pressure in kiln.
Furnace charge block is normal temperature ~ 80 DEG C in the temperature of drying stage; It is 80 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C in the temperature of pre-heating stage; It is 600 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C in the temperature of firing stage.
Below principle of the present invention and technique effect thereof are elaborated:
In the present invention, furnace charge preparation method is different from the distribution of existing iron-smelting process, specifically, the present invention is according to material balance and Heat balance calculation achievement, whole furnace charge (Iron concentrate, coal, fusing assistant and binding agent) is once weighed, mix, is solidificated in equably in furnace charge block.The material of each component is directly brought into molten point stove by furnace charge block, does not need additional spray (adding) coal and sprays into Sweet natural gas or special cementation process, also no longer adding fusing assistant etc.Secondly, the material Homogeneous phase mixing of various component, before furnace charge does not melt, they do not need to carry out strong agitation in fusion process all the time together, avoid high strength stirring operation and due to violent stirring washing away furnace lining.
After furnace charge preparation process, carry out drying, preheating and calcination steps successively, this is the distinctive operation of the present invention.
The first, furnace charge block is heated to 800 ~ 1200 DEG C from normal temperature state, directly enters smelting furnace, decrease the thermal load of smelting furnace to greatest extent, directly enhance the combustion intensity of smelting furnace without cooling;
The second, hot furnace charge block directly enters smelting furnace, and not cooled, also just thermosteresis does not occur, the heat of system obtains effective utilization; And in prior art, often adopt the mode of heat insulation tank, be delivered to smelting furnace, have certain thermosteresis.
3rd, the waste heat of the furnace gas that drying, preheating and roasting mainly utilize smelting furnace to produce, utilize waste heat direct heating furnace charge, smelting furnace no longer needs other bootstrap systems additional and equipment;
4th, furnace charge block is in drying, preheating and roasting process, and furnace charge is block-shaped to be remained intact, and can not burst, not produce dust completely, and environment is very friendly;
5th, the spent air temperture of tunnel furnace discharge is 35 DEG C ~ 70 DEG C, and system thermosteresis is very little, does not substantially produce thermal pollution to environment;
6th, in roasting process, although furnace charge block is in oxidizing atmosphere, but, furnace charge block inside but remains strong reducing atmosphere, the oxide compound price of the iron in furnace charge is reduced and a small amount of metallic iron is reduced out (being fixed in furnace charge block), the reducing and smelting for smelting furnace is worked as leading.
Utilizing the spontaneous combustion of furnace charge block to produce heat, is another peculiar operation of the present invention.The primary combustion of furnace charge, primary combustion produces certain heat, and the oxide compound simultaneously having a small amount of iron is reduced.This reduction may be that the price of iron is reduced, or a small amount of metallic iron is reduced out, but is cured in furnace charge block.
Roasting carries out under the high temperature conditions, lays in a large amount of carbon in furnace charge block, no matter is that oxygen or carbon dioxide diffuse into furnace charge block, all generation burning produced the oxide compound that Carbon monoxide reduction gas carrys out reduced iron.
In addition, hot furnace charge block is discharged into molten point stove, greatly reduces the thermal load of molten point stove, makes the melting of molten point stove become light, thus improves the production capacity of molten point stove.And baked furnace charge is without cooling, is directly pushed to melting in molten point stove, is also better than the mode that employing heat insulation tank of the prior art slowly reduces.
Melting step is carried out in molten point stove.Reduce from the ignition of furnace charge block, until furnace charge melts termination completely.The carbon more more than needed than the oxide compound of reduced iron, from the preparation of furnace charge block, always with the oxide compound of iron until fusing, the feature of this process is high-carbon anoxic.Along with the temperature of furnace charge raises, the chemically reactive of two kinds of materials also raises.When arriving fusing, reduction reaction completes instantaneously.
In reduction process of the present invention, do not need to manufacture reducing gas, more do not need heat reduction gas, do not need carburizing in fusion process, because carbon just fully mixes with Iron concentrate when prepared by furnace charge; Do not need to force to stir to increase the touch opportunity of Oxidizing and Reducing Agents because Oxidizing and Reducing Agents already erect-position complete.
In calcination steps in the present invention and melting step, the reduction process of the oxide compound of iron is carried out (so-called weakly reducing atmosphere, refers to carbon monoxide concentration≤30% in environment, preferably≤5%) under weakly reducing atmosphere.Existing iron smelting method is all carry out in strong reducing atmosphere, and the carbon monoxide concentration in its environment is greater than 50%.The thermal value of the perfect combustion of carbon is unburnt 3.5 times, and metallurgical central task is slag making, furnace charge from drying and dehydrating, be heated to 1500 DEG C, then melt phase transformation, need to consume a large amount of heats.Traditional technology is in order to keep the reducing atmosphere of furnace gas, and need to produce a large amount of CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas, this makes the burning of carbon insufficient, and calorific value is not in full use, to such an extent as to energy consumption remains high.Iron-smelting process of the present invention carries out in weakly reducing atmosphere, makes rate of combustion >=70% of carbon monoxide, or even >=95%, make full use of calorific value, slag sluicing system effect is fine simultaneously.
In spontaneous combustion reduction method iron smelting method of the present invention, drying, preheating and calcination steps and melting step all operate under condition of negative pressure.Namely negative-pressure operation controls kiln inner pressure lower than normal atmosphere, such as, according to circumstances the pressure difference inside and outside kiln can be controlled at 10Pa-2000Pa.In existing iron smelting method, be all positive pressure operation in iron-smelting furnace, in positive pressure operation, gas easily leaks the pollution caused environment.Negative-pressure operation is then conducive to focusing on of pollutent and discharges in order.In addition, negative-pressure operation has better protecting effect to furnace lining: negative-pressure operation is conducive to the maintenance to stove simultaneously.
The a little higher than envrionment temperature of spent air temperture, the volume of waste gas is approximately 1.1 times that enter system gas volume, then can carrying out drawing wind at the kiln hood of tunnel furnace by arranging induced draft fan, realizing negative-pressure operation.
The high-temperature furnace gas that in the present invention, melting step produces directly enters tunnel furnace, for the drying of furnace charge block, preheating and roasting, the spent air temperture of tunnel furnace is 35 DEG C ~ 70 DEG C, take full advantage of the waste heat that molten point stove produces, any other waste heat utilization facility need not be taked, decrease the thermal pollution to environment significantly.
In described melting step, be blown into the carbon of combustion-supporting gas burning precipitation bath surface to molten point stove and form high temperature, reaching heat fused furnace charge, keep the effect of melt temperature and intensified smelting process.
To sum up, this invention takes reducing and smelting atmosphere weak with the antipodal negative pressure of traditional iron smelting method, the emphasis point smelted is placed on fusing and the slag making aspect of furnace charge, plays the calorific value of fuel to greatest extent and utilize energy most effectively.There is no numerous and diverse additional and subsystem in system, also eliminate the burden of picture cogeneration and coal-gas recovering storage and so on.Reduction is the oxide compound that the carbon of being had more than needed more than twice by reduction carbon amounts follows the tracks of iron all the time, and in high temperature environment, furnace charge spontaneous combustion process completes the reduction process of the oxide compound of iron.
Compared with prior art, iron smelting method of the present invention has following advantage:
Iron smelting method Production Flow Chart of the present invention is short, comprises furnace charge preparation, drying, preheating, roasting and melting step, completes continuously; Without sintered material, completely without coke, do not produce coal gas.Processing unit is simple, and the construction period is short, and operational safety is reliable, and major equipment is tunnel furnace and molten point stove, and without the need to bootstrap system, the waste heat that molten point stove produces, all for drying and the preheating of furnace charge block, thermo-efficiency is high.
Compared with existing blast furnace iron-making process, iron-smelting process of the present invention has excellent technico-economical comparison, specifically: construction investment is the 750 yuan/t pig iron [blast furnace is approximately the 1500 yuan/t pig iron (containing coking system)]; Energy consumption can be reduced to 460kg standard coal/t pig iron [blast furnace is approximately 650kg standard coal/t pig iron (not containing the energy consumption of coking and sintering)]; And environmental friendliness, the waste gas of pollutant discharge amount minimizing more than 50%, 95% can accomplish that low temperature discharges in a organized way; Sewage is treated to be recycled, in principle not outer row; Grain slag is cement producting material, does not have other solid waste discharges.
Finally, the production cost of iron-smelting process of the present invention is lower, and according to current market conditions, all charges adds every expenses of taxation and adds up to the 1500 yuan/t pig iron, profit margin large (existing market price is the 1800 yuan/t pig iron, and profit margin is the 300 yuan/t pig iron).
It is emphasized that method of the present invention and device are except can be used for ironmaking in addition, may be used for the smelting process of other metal equally, its principle is similar.Only the iron-bearing material in raw material need be replaced with other metallic ore powder, remaining step and device all can be suitable for, and detail is no longer set forth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is drying in spontaneous combustion reduction iron-smelting method of the present invention, preheating, sinter process figure.
Fig. 2 is the thermal technology's graphic representation in tunnel furnace of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the top down layout view of smelting device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of smelting device of the present invention.
Wherein 1 is kiln end sealing device, and 2 is induced draft fans, and 3 is return fans, 4 is secondary air injection systems, and 5 is hot air ducts, and 6 is high-temperature discharging devices, 7 is kiln tail sealing devices, and 8 is molten point stoves, and 9 is First air spray guns, 10 is tunnel furnace, and 11 is kiln hood seal sections, and 12 is iron notchs, 13 is slag notches, and 14 is secondary-wind spray guns, and 15 is blanking flues, 16 is furnace charges, and 17 is kiln cars, and 18 is urgent escape orifices.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail.But, persons of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that in each embodiment of the present invention, proposing many ins and outs to make reader understand the application better.But, even without these ins and outs with based on the many variations of following embodiment and amendment, each claim of the application technical scheme required for protection also can be realized.
First embodiment:
First embodiment of the present invention relates to spontaneous combustion reduction method iron smelting method, carries out according to following step:
(1) furnace charge preparation:
By iron-bearing material (such as Iron concentrate), coal, fusing assistant and binding agent, grind to form powdery respectively, disposablely in proportion complete batching; Add water batching stirring, and extrusion molding obtains furnace charge block; Air-dry.
Iron concentrate is that ferrous grade is greater than 55%(mass percent) the oxide compound of iron.
Fixed carbon in coal is reductive agent and fuel.Kind for coal does not have strict requirement, coke, bituminous coal, hard coal.The content (sulphur, phosphorus etc.) of the detrimental impurity of coal used performs national standard.Above-mentioned Iron concentrate and the charging capacity of coal make the quality of ferro element and carbon be 1:0.3 ~ 1:0.6 than scope.
Unslaked lime is as fusing assistant and binding agent.The consumption of unslaked lime is determined according to the potential of hydrogen of the quality of furnace charge middle acid substance and slag, and potential of hydrogen is generally 0.8 ~ 1.2; Wherein, the detrimental impurity content of unslaked lime performs national standard.
Wilkinite is as the binding agent added in addition.Bentonitic consumption is generally 1% ~ 3% of furnace charge total mass; Because bentonitic water-retaining capacity is strong, natural moisture content is not laid down hard and fast rule.Bentonitic montmorillonite component content requires >=80%.
Concrete implementation data:
Take following furnace charge raw material: Iron concentrate: 1.6t(ton) (ferrous grade 60%); Hard coal: 0.5t(thermal value be 6300 kilocalories/kilogram); Unslaked lime: 0.23t; Wilkinite: 0.045t.
Iron concentrate in advance through crushing grinding, coal in advance through crushing grinding powdering, unslaked lime in advance through crushing grinding powdering, wilkinite in advance through crushing grinding powdering, bentonitic montmorillonite component content >=80%.
Feed bin will be delivered to through mixed uniformly powdery furnace charge by furnace charge delivery port, stir in dry mix machine; Add water, continue to stir in stirrer; Then enter vacuum banded extruder and carry out vacuum extrusion, in blank cutter, cut base shaping.By the furnace charge block of forming, pile up on the kiln car of tunnel furnace, shelve nature or machine is air-dry.
Above-mentioned furnace charge block also can adopt other alternative to make, and shape comprises and is not limited to the various forms such as bulk, spherical, bulk.
(2) drying, preheating and roasting
Furnace charge block 16 is sent into the tunnel furnace 10 of sealing, make high-temperature furnace gas flow from kiln Caudad kiln hood; And allow furnace charge block be moved to kiln tail by kiln hood, successively drying, preheating and roasting are carried out to furnace charge block; Furnace charge block is warming up to spontaneous combustion gradually; Furnace charge block, without cooling, is namely pushed in the blanking flue 15 of molten point stove 8; Meanwhile, blowing gas (see accompanying drawing 1-2) in tunnel furnace.Specifically:
Dry: object removes the gravity water in furnace charge block, and temperature range is≤80 DEG C.By drying, furnace charge block forms surface strength.
Preheating: object improves the temperature of furnace charge block, and the capillary water removed in material and crystal water.Temperature range is 80 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C.
Roasting: object further improves the temperature of furnace charge block, the temperature range of roasting is 600 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C.
The spontaneous combustion of furnace charge block is the peculiar operation of the present invention.Produce certain heat by the spontaneous combustion of furnace charge, the oxide compound simultaneously having a large amount of iron is reduced.This reduction makes the price of the oxide compound of iron reduce, and a small amount of metallic iron is reduced out, but is cured in furnace charge block.
Roasting is carried out in oxidizing atmosphere, roasting is simultaneously carried out again under the high temperature conditions, a large amount of carbon is comprised in furnace charge block, no matter be that oxygen or carbon dioxide diffuse into furnace charge block, all will burn, and Carbon monoxide reduction gas can only be produced and form the oxide compound that strong reducing atmosphere carrys out reduced iron.
Said process completes in tunnel furnace, carries out heat exchange by furnace charge and furnace gas inverse motion.High-temperature furnace gas flows, along with the temperature of carrying out of heat exchange reduces gradually from kiln Caudad kiln hood; And furnace charge block moves from kiln hood to kiln tail, be then subject to the continuous heating of the high-temperature furnace gas that temperature constantly raises, realize drying, preheating and roasting (as shown in Figure 1) successively.
Drying, preheating and the heat needed for roasting from the heat that the high-temperature furnace gas of molten point stove carries, are secondly mainly the heats that the spontaneous combustion of furnace charge block sends.High-temperature furnace gas from molten point stove contains a small amount of CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas, after entering tunnel furnace, makes its perfect combustion by secondary air injection system blows air or oxygen rich gas.Therefore in spontaneous combustion reduction method iron-smelting process process, there is no coal gas process and recovery system.
The drying of furnace charge, preheating and roasting are carried out in oxidizing atmosphere.In drying, preheating and roasting process, furnace charge block keeps shape intact.
Being undertaken drawing wind by arranging induced draft fan 2, making to keep negative pressure in tunnel furnace, solve dusty gas race and emit phenomenon, be conducive to focusing on of waste gas, and negative-pressure operation can reduce the thermosteresis of tunnel furnace to a great extent.Also realize high-temperature furnace gas from kiln tail to the motion of kiln hood simultaneously.
Specifically:
Kiln car loads furnace charge block and enters tunnel furnace 10, and move from the kiln hood seal section 11 of tunnel furnace to kiln tail, be provided with induced draft fan 2 at the kiln hood of tunnel furnace, induced draft fan carries out drawing wind, the furnace gas in tunnel furnace is flowed from kiln Caudad kiln hood; Furnace gas in tunnel furnace, in the mode of transmission of heat by convection, carries out drying, preheating and roasting to furnace charge block, and igniting self-combustion when furnace charge block is warming up to 500 DEG C ~ 550 DEG C, the temperature of the furnace charge block after roasting reaches 800 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C.
(3) melting:
Furnace charge block enters solid charge district by the blanking flue 15 of molten point stove, continues to be heated by the high-temperature furnace gas risen, and starts softening fusing; Furnace charge block after softening falls to solid charge and slag mixing zone, is reached melt completely by slag parcel; The molten iron of fusing enters depositing separation area with slag whereabouts and is separated, then discharges from iron notch and slag notch respectively.
Specifically:
Furnace charge enters molten point stove with 800 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C high temperature, is heated to 1500 DEG C, and reaches soft heat degree in solid charge district by high-temperature furnace gas.This process consumes the heat of aniseed, makes furnace gas temperature be reduced to 1200 DEG C ~ 1400 DEG C from 1500 DEG C ~ 1800 DEG C.The solid charge district of visible body of heater is again strong reduction section, and reduction intensity is strengthened along with the rising of temperature, theoretical completely contrary with traditional ironmaking.
Be solid charge and slag mixing zone below solid charge district, solid material BOB(beginning of block) melts, and has finally reached the degree of fusing.Meanwhile, First air winding-up is carried out to solid charge and slag mixing zone, material in stove is rolled, be conducive to the carrying out reacting (oxidation and induction).Under the winding-up effect of First air, the carbon of precipitation produces vigorous combustion at solid and slag boundary surface layer, and furnace temperature will more than 1500 DEG C, the highlyest may reach 1800 DEG C, and load melting process is also the process that the oxide compound of iron is reduced.
Meanwhile, carry out secondary air winding-up to solid charge district, with the CO gas burnt in furnace gas, the rate of combustion controlling CO in furnace gas reaches 70% ~ 95%.
Be depositing separation area bottom, temperature is controlled in about 1400 DEG C.
The experimental technique economic target of the present embodiment is: pig iron amount: 1000kg; Consumption carbon amounts: 460kg; Produce the quantity of slag: 500kg; The carbon dioxide gas scale of construction of discharge: 1130kg.
In addition, it is emphasized that the device that the present invention uses is not limited to tunnel furnace and molten point stove.Can by transformation existing tunnel furnace, rotary kiln, shaft furnace, the various equipment such as (end) stove, smelting furnace, shaft kiln, pipe furnace, revolving drum of turning, adopt above-mentioned thermal process and discharge way to realize, kiln car also can use the allied equipments such as drying grate to substitute.
Second embodiment:
Second embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of smelting device.
Smelting device of the present invention mainly comprises tunnel furnace 10 and melts point stove 8(see accompanying drawing 3-4).Wherein tunnel furnace comprises firing chamber, and be provided with kiln car walking track bottom firing chamber, the kiln car 17 being mounted with furnace charge block orbits; The two ends of tunnel furnace are provided with tightness system 1 and 7; Be provided with induced draft fan 2 at kiln hood to carry out drawing wind, be provided with high-temperature discharging device 6 at kiln tail, high-temperature discharging device can adopt the allied equipment such as push rod, push pedal.Tunnel furnace inside being provided with secondary air injection system 4, for being blown into fresh air or oxygen rich gas, impelling the carbon monoxide perfect combustion in furnace gas.Tunnel furnace is divided into dryer section, preheating section, firing section from kiln hood to kiln tail.Kiln car loads furnace charge block and enters tunnel furnace, along with the motion of kiln car, successively through dryer section, preheating section, firing section, after completing drying, preheating and roasting, by high-temperature discharging device 6, furnace charge block is discharged to molten point stove.
A molten point stove comprises blanking flue and body of heater; Following function district can be divided into from top to bottom: solid charge district, solid charge and slag mixing zone, depositing separation area in body of heater.
A molten point stove is communicated with the sidewall opening of tunnel furnace by blanking flue, and the high-temperature furnace gas that molten point stove produces is entered in tunnel furnace by blanking flue.
Blanking flue is ensureing under the prerequisite that high-temperature furnace gas passes through smoothly, heating furnace charge block.
Smelting furnace is entered from blanking flue by the furnace charge block heated, more descending to bottom from the upper strata in solid charge district, constantly absorb by the heat of the high-temperature furnace gas that reaction zone rises, until be warming up to fusing point.Burning reflects that the high-temperature furnace gas produced is in the process by solid charge district, progressively consumes the heat in molten point stove, reduces its temperature.
Solid charge then enters solid charge and slag mixing zone, is here wrapped up by red-hot slag, constantly softening fusing, and after fusing, a large amount of carbon discharges because of the decomposition of solid state, and be floated to slag upper surface, iron and the slag of melting flow to depositing separation area.
First air spray gun 9 is set at the molten point solid charge of stove and the furnace wall place of position, slag mixing zone, carries out First air winding-up, material in stove is rolled.After First air winding-up enters solid charge and slag mixing zone, part generates reducing gas carbon monoxide, reacts with the oxide compound of remaining iron.A large amount of oxygen is combined with carbon, and distribution vigorous combustion generates carbonic acid gas, releases a large amount of heats, supplements the heat of molten point stove.The reaction that mixing zone occurs is complicated and hockets.
In tunnel furnace, arrange heating duct 5, the hot gas that spray gun uses is in advance by the heating duct heating in tunnel furnace.
The molten iron of fusing enters depositing separation area with slag whereabouts and is separated, then discharges from iron notch 12 and slag notch 13 respectively.
Secondary-wind spray gun 14 is set at the furnace wall place of the position, solid charge district of molten point stove, carries out secondary air winding-up, the carbon monoxide partial in solid charge district is burnt; Secondary wind is the furnace gas atmosphere controlling solid charge district, allows a large amount of CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas burn.Only retain a small amount of (concentration of carbon monoxide is approximately 1 ~ 5%) CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas, to improve the calorific value of carbon.
3rd embodiment
The drying used in above-mentioned iron smelting method, preheating, roasting method (technique), except may be used for iron manufacturing process, can also be used for other metallurgical process.The present embodiment proposes further the drying of furnace charge in a kind of metallurgical process, preheating, roasting method (technique) on the basis of inventing before.Make full use of heat that furnace charge sends when reaching spontaneous combustion at preheating, maturing temperature and come dry, preheating and roaster mix.Utilize simultaneously and pass into air or oxygen rich gas toward firing chamber in, dry, the preheating of the heat that the CO burning in high-temperature furnace gas is produced and roaster mix, this process does not re-use other heats, makes production process no longer produce coal gas yet.
Said process completes in the firing chamber of tunnel furnace, carries out heat exchange by furnace charge and furnace gas reverse convection.High-temperature furnace gas flows, along with the temperature of carrying out of heat exchange reduces gradually from kiln Caudad kiln hood; And furnace charge block moves from kiln hood to kiln tail, be then subject to the heating of the high-temperature furnace gas that temperature constantly raises, realize drying, preheating and roasting successively.
The process of furnace charge block spontaneous combustion is the process of the violent reduction of metal oxide, substantially increases the metallurgical performance of furnace charge, and degree of metalization is fixed with the time of spontaneous combustion and the change of temperature, ideally can reach 100%.
Specifically, following steps are comprised:
(1) furnace charge block is sent in the firing chamber of sealing, make high-temperature furnace gas flow from kiln Caudad kiln hood;
(2) make furnace charge block be moved to kiln tail by the kiln hood of firing chamber, drying, preheating and roasting are carried out to furnace charge block;
(3) furnace charge block is warming up to beginning spontaneous combustion gradually in warm;
(4) in firing chamber, pass into combustion-supporting gas, impel the CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas perfect combustion in high-temperature furnace gas.
Preferably, present method also comprises step (5) and arranges induced draft fan at kiln hood, makes to keep negative pressure in kiln.This can solve the race of dust-laden gas in kiln and emit phenomenon, is conducive to focusing on of waste gas; And can furnace building material be protected, the thermosteresis in kiln can be reduced simultaneously to a great extent.
And furnace charge block is normal temperature ~ 80 DEG C in the temperature of drying stage; It is 80 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C in the temperature of pre-heating stage; It is 800 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C in the temperature of firing stage.
Persons of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that the respective embodiments described above realize specific embodiments of the invention, and in actual applications, various change can be done to it in the form and details, and without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (21)
1. an iron smelting method, is characterized in that, comprises following steps:
(1) furnace charge preparation: by iron-bearing material, coal, fusing assistant and binding agent, grind to form powdery respectively, complete batching in proportion; Add water batching stirring, and extrusion molding obtains furnace charge block; Air-dry;
(2) drying, preheating, roasting: furnace charge block is sent in the firing chamber of sealing, make high-temperature furnace gas flow from the kiln Caudad kiln hood of firing chamber; Allow furnace charge block be moved to kiln tail by kiln hood, drying, preheating and roasting are carried out to furnace charge block; Furnace charge block, without cooling, is namely pushed in stove; Meanwhile, to jet in firing chamber combustion-supporting gas;
(3) melting: furnace charge block enters the solid charge district of stove, continues to be heated by the high-temperature furnace gas risen, and starts softening fusing; Furnace charge block after softening falls to solid charge and the slag mixing zone of stove, reaches and melts completely; The depositing separation area that molten iron and the slag of fusing fall to entering stove is separated, then discharges from iron notch and slag notch respectively.
2. iron smelting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: roasting and melting are carried out in weakly reducing atmosphere.
3. iron smelting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: drying, preheating, calcination steps and melting step are carried out under condition of negative pressure.
4. iron smelting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the high-temperature furnace gas produced in melting step enters firing chamber, for the drying of furnace charge block, preheating and roasting.
5. iron smelting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in drying, preheating and roasting process, and furnace charge block keeps shape intact.
6. iron smelting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: carry out First air winding-up to solid charge and slag mixing zone in melting step, and material in stove is rolled.
7. iron smelting method according to claim 6, is characterized in that: carry out secondary air winding-up to solid charge district in melting step, makes rate of combustion >=95% of the carbon monoxide in solid charge district.
8. iron smelting method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described First air is jetted and/or secondary air is jetted, and the gas used heats in advance in kiln.
9. iron smelting method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described First air is jetted and/or secondary air is jetted, and the gas used is oxygen rich gas or air.
10. iron smelting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: furnace charge block is normal temperature ~ 80 DEG C in the temperature of drying stage; It is 80 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C in the temperature of pre-heating stage; It is 600 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C in the temperature of firing stage.
11. iron smelting methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the solid charge district of stove, furnace charge block is heated to 1500 DEG C by high-temperature furnace gas, and furnace gas temperature reduces due to heat exchange simultaneously.
12. 1 kinds of smelting devices, comprise kiln and stove, wherein,
Kiln comprises firing chamber, and be provided with kiln car walking track bottom firing chamber, the kiln car being mounted with furnace charge block orbits; The two ends of kiln are provided with tightness system; Be provided with induced draft fan at kiln hood to carry out drawing wind, make high-temperature furnace gas flow from kiln Caudad kiln hood; Be provided with high-temperature discharging device at kiln tail, the sidewall of the kiln relative with high-temperature discharging device is provided with opening;
Stove comprises blanking flue and body of heater; Body of heater is divided into solid charge district, solid charge and slag mixing zone, depositing separation area from top to bottom; Stove is communicated by the opening of blanking flue with the sidewall of kiln, and the high-temperature furnace gas that stove produces is entered in kiln by blanking flue.
13. smelting devices according to claim 12, is characterized in that: described induced draft fan makes to keep negative pressure in kiln by drawing wind.
14. smelting devices according to claim 12, is characterized in that: be provided with secondary air injection system in kiln and be blown into gas, impel remaining CO gas perfect combustion in the high-temperature furnace gas in kiln.
15. smelting devices according to claim 12, is characterized in that: arrange First air spray gun at the solid charge of stove and the furnace wall place of position, slag mixing zone, carry out First air winding-up, material in stove is rolled.
16. smelting devices according to claim 15, is characterized in that: arrange secondary-wind spray gun at the furnace wall place of the position, solid charge district of stove, carry out secondary air winding-up, make rate of combustion >=95% of the carbon monoxide in solid charge district.
17. smelting devices according to claim 16, is characterized in that: be provided with heating duct in kiln, and the gas that described First air spray gun and/or secondary-wind spray gun use is heated by the heating duct in kiln in advance.
18. smelting devices according to claim 16, is characterized in that: the gas that described First air spray gun and/or secondary-wind spray gun use is oxygen enrichment or air.
The drying of 19. 1 kinds of furnace charges, preheating, roasting method, is characterized in that, comprises following steps:
(1) furnace charge block is sent in the firing chamber of sealing, make high-temperature furnace gas flow from kiln Caudad kiln hood;
(2) make furnace charge block be moved to kiln tail by the kiln hood of firing chamber, drying, preheating and roasting are carried out to furnace charge block;
(3) furnace charge block is warming up to beginning spontaneous combustion;
(4) in firing chamber, combustion-supporting gas is blown into.
20. methods according to claim 19, is characterized in that: also comprise step:
(5) induced draft fan is set at kiln hood, makes to keep negative pressure in kiln.
21. methods according to claim 19, is characterized in that: furnace charge block is normal temperature ~ 80 DEG C in the temperature of drying stage; It is 80 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C in the temperature of pre-heating stage; It is 600 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C in the temperature of firing stage.
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| CN106082973A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-11-09 | 侯绪华 | A kind of chromium slag brickmaking technology |
| CN107523660A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2017-12-29 | 徐州贝克福尔节能环保技术有限公司 | A kind of siderite, which suspends, decomposes Flash Smelting pig iron equipment and technique |
| CN108486305A (en) * | 2018-05-01 | 2018-09-04 | 河北方成环保科技有限公司 | A kind of low-grade Iron concentrate directly melts the method and its device of ironmaking |
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| CN104928428A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-09-23 | 钢铁研究总院 | Pulverized coal melt separation and recovery method for low-grade iron resources |
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| CN101497933A (en) * | 2009-03-02 | 2009-08-05 | 王号德 | Method for rapidly and directly reducing haematite or limonite into ferrous powder |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107523660A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2017-12-29 | 徐州贝克福尔节能环保技术有限公司 | A kind of siderite, which suspends, decomposes Flash Smelting pig iron equipment and technique |
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Application publication date: 20160224 |