CN1183539A - 低压降热交换器 - Google Patents

低压降热交换器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1183539A
CN1183539A CN97123171A CN97123171A CN1183539A CN 1183539 A CN1183539 A CN 1183539A CN 97123171 A CN97123171 A CN 97123171A CN 97123171 A CN97123171 A CN 97123171A CN 1183539 A CN1183539 A CN 1183539A
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heat exchanger
water tank
liquid refrigerant
chamber
limit
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CN1129754C (zh
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爱德华A·许尼格
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Carrier Corp
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Carrier Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/02—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F28D7/1638—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing with particular pattern of flow or the heat exchange medium flowing inside the conduits assemblies, e.g. change of flow direction from one conduit assembly to another one
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/02—Details of evaporators
    • F25B2339/024—Evaporators with refrigerant in a vessel in which is situated a heat exchanger
    • F25B2339/0242—Evaporators with refrigerant in a vessel in which is situated a heat exchanger having tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/0071—Evaporators

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种双通道热交换器。第一通道包括多个装设在液体致冷剂中的管道,当用作一汽化器时,液体致冷剂从流经管道内的水提取热量,从而使水冷却并使液体致冷剂汽化。第二通道为一不必装设在液体致冷剂中的单一管子。该双通道热交换器也可被用作一冷凝器。

Description

低压降热交换器
使流经多根管道的水与在壳体一侧上的致冷剂成热传递关系的管壳式热交换器常被用作汽化器和冷凝器，并与至少一个压缩机和其他部件一起形成一组装水冷装置。作为一个组装件，更换一个部件往往影响到其他结构。例如，汽化器可用作压缩机或冷凝器的支承。
冷却装置设计的另一个一般约束是在水侧具有多个偶数通道，故可将所有水管接合配件装设在热交换器壳体一端，从而可从另一端清除或维修管道而不干涉水管接合配件。
在一些场合，需要减少热交换器的尺寸以满足一组给定的热及压降要求，但由于冷却装置各种部件的相互关系而不可能减少热交换器壳体的尺寸。例如。为与所需性能特性匹配，最好采用一长度较短的冷凝器与一长度较长的冷却装置壳体组合，但冷却装置组件作为一个结果将进行折衷。
对于一热交换器而言，降低的热交换要求是通过提供一双通道设计而使所有要求的热传递均发生在一个通道中来做到的。该一个通道采用具有用于所需热传递和压降的所需直径和表面特性，而第二或回程通道则采用一单一大直径管子或管道。具体来说，一双通道管壳式热交换器的第二通道用一回程通道代替通常的多根管子。这在不要求非常高的热传递性能时可大大减少热交换器总的管子数量，而没有通常伴随的水侧压降方面的增加。此外，这种布局能在第一通道的管道中保持相对较高的水侧速度以有效地利用热传递表面。在一汽化器中，由于第二通道因其热传递表面积有限而只有名义上的热传递，故不必将第二通道装设在液体致冷剂内，可降低致冷剂的液位并因此而减少***中的致冷剂用量。
本发明的一个目的在于允许去除热交换器的大部分构件而不牺牲水侧压降和抽汲功率。
本发明的另一个目的在于通过在总的热交换器水侧压降无通常的提高的情况下保持在相对较高水侧速度和有效地利用低成本且增强的热传递管道。
本发明的又一个目的在于允许对用于水冷却装置单元的热交换器进行最优化而不影响其他冷却装置部件的设计。
本发明的再一个目的在于减少一致冷***中的致冷剂用量。这些目的及其他在后面变得明显的目的通过本发明得以实现。
本发明基本上是通过使第二通道具有一主要作为一回流的单一管道而使一双通道热交换器变为一等价单通道热交换器。该热交换器可被用作一汽化器或一冷凝器。
图1为一采用本发明的热交换器的剖视图；以及
图2为图1中沿2-2线的剖视图。
图中，标号10总的为一表示一汽化器的双通道管壳式热交换器，而一冷凝器与前者不同之处仅在其流体连接方面而不是在结构方面。热交换器10具有一分别带有端件13和14的通常为圆柱形的壳体12。端件13与管道片15共同作用以限定中间水箱20。端件14与管道片(板)16以及隔板18共同作用以分别限定进水箱21和出水箱22。热交换器10具有一从进水箱21延伸到水箱20的一第一通道热交换器并包括许多小直径热传递管道30。管道30典型地为内部和/或外部增强型以促进热交换。热交换器10的第二通道热交换器为一从中间水箱20延伸到出水箱22的一大直径管子或管道40。
管道30和管子40被设置在一由壳体12和管道片15及16限定的通常为圆柱形的腔50内。腔50在如图所示作为一汽化器工作时接受从冷凝器(未示)经入口12-1来的液体致冷剂60。由于通常并不依赖管道40来提供热传递，液体致冷剂60的液面必须仅仅超过管道30，并必须不覆盖管子40。管子40的热传递区域与总的管道30相比将较小。当作为一冷凝器工作时，12-2为一接受气体致冷剂的入口。气体致冷剂由于与管道30中的水的热传递而冷凝，而已被冷凝的液体致冷剂则通过作为出口的12-1排出。
在作为一汽化器工作时，液体致冷剂60系从冷凝器(未示)经入口12-1供给至腔50，从那里提取热量并因而冷却流过管道30的水，同时液体致冷剂60汽化。气体致冷剂从腔50经出口12-2流至压缩机(未示)的吸入口。致冷***的闭环冷却回路(未示)的水是从房屋冷却***供给至进水箱21。水然后流过管道30与液体致冷剂60进行热交换。液体致冷剂从水提取热量并因而使水冷却，同时液体致冷剂60汽化。热传递发生在由管道30限定的第一通道中，只有少量热传递是通过管子40提供的，不管管子40是否被设置在液体致冷剂60中。流过由管子40限定的第二通道的水进入出水箱22并由此流入闭路循环的房屋冷却***以提供冷却。
当作为一冷凝器工作时，气体致冷剂系被供给至腔50，在那里由于与流过管道30的水和较小程度上与流过管子40的水的热传递而被冷却并冷凝，而已被冷凝的液体致冷剂则收集在腔50的底部，通常在管道30平面的下方。液体致冷剂被排出并供至汽化器(未示)。

Claims (6)

1.一种热交换器(10)，其特征在于，包括：
一壳体(12)和与一对所述壳体密封的端件(13，14)；
一与所述一对端件中的一第一端件(13)共同作用以限定一中间水箱(20)的第一管道片(15)；
一与所述一对端件中的一第二端件(14)和一隔板(18)共同作用以限定一进水箱(21)和一出水箱(22)的第二管道片(16)；
所述第一管道片和第二管道片与所述壳体共同作用以限定一腔(50)；
一包括多个从所述进水箱通过所述腔延伸到所述中间水箱的热传递管道(30)的第一通道；
一由一从所述中间水箱通过所述腔延伸到所述出水箱的单个大直径管子(40)限定的第二通道，由此通过所述进水箱、所述中间水箱、所述第二通道以及所述出水箱得以连续限定一水回路。
2.如权利要求1所述的热交换器，其特征在于，
所述腔内装有液体致冷剂(60)，所述第一通道在所述液体致冷剂中。
3.如权利要求1所述的热交换器，其特征在于，
所述第二通道被设置在所述液体致冷剂上方。
4.如权利要求1所述的热交换器，其特征在于，
所述壳体通常为圆柱形并为水平朝向；
一第一口(12-1)设置在所述壳体底部并与所述腔流体连通，以及
一第二口(12-2)设置在所述壳体顶部并与所述腔流体连通。
5.如权利要求4所述的热交换器，其特征在于，所述第一口为一流体入口，所述热交换器为一汽化器。
6.如权利要求4所述的热交换器，其特征在于，所述第一口为一流体出口，所述热交换器为一冷凝器。
CN97123171A 1996-11-21 1997-11-20 低压降热交换器 Expired - Fee Related CN1129754C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/754,371 US6161613A (en) 1996-11-21 1996-11-21 Low pressure drop heat exchanger
US08/754371 1996-11-21

Publications (2)

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CN1183539A true CN1183539A (zh) 1998-06-03
CN1129754C CN1129754C (zh) 2003-12-03

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US (1) US6161613A (zh)
EP (1) EP0844453B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP3056151B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100256115B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1129754C (zh)
AU (1) AU733794B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR9705811A (zh)
CA (1) CA2219699C (zh)
DE (1) DE69722899T2 (zh)
MY (1) MY119615A (zh)
SG (1) SG60140A1 (zh)
TW (1) TW396267B (zh)

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CN101600919B (zh) * 2006-11-22 2011-06-01 约翰逊控制技术公司 具有不同多通路管道的多通路热交换器
CN102226606A (zh) * 2011-04-25 2011-10-26 浙江盾安人工环境股份有限公司 污水源热泵用满液式蒸发冷凝两用换热器
CN102494427A (zh) * 2011-12-31 2012-06-13 陈穗 过热蒸气先浸润液化再卸载热负荷的蒸发压缩式热力***
CN104154771A (zh) * 2014-07-25 2014-11-19 中能服(北京)节能投资有限公司 一种夏季降低背压冬季回收乏汽余热的装置
CN105020944A (zh) * 2014-04-25 2015-11-04 重庆美的通用制冷设备有限公司 冷水机组及其换热器
CN105299965A (zh) * 2015-10-29 2016-02-03 天津市国民制药机械有限公司 一种高温热泵冷凝装置
WO2021057645A1 (en) * 2019-09-25 2021-04-01 Ningbo Geely Automobile Research & Development Co., Ltd. Air conditioning system for a vehicle

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CN101600919B (zh) * 2006-11-22 2011-06-01 约翰逊控制技术公司 具有不同多通路管道的多通路热交换器
CN102226606A (zh) * 2011-04-25 2011-10-26 浙江盾安人工环境股份有限公司 污水源热泵用满液式蒸发冷凝两用换热器
CN102494427A (zh) * 2011-12-31 2012-06-13 陈穗 过热蒸气先浸润液化再卸载热负荷的蒸发压缩式热力***
CN105020944A (zh) * 2014-04-25 2015-11-04 重庆美的通用制冷设备有限公司 冷水机组及其换热器
CN105020944B (zh) * 2014-04-25 2019-08-30 重庆美的通用制冷设备有限公司 冷水机组及其换热器
CN104154771A (zh) * 2014-07-25 2014-11-19 中能服(北京)节能投资有限公司 一种夏季降低背压冬季回收乏汽余热的装置
CN104154771B (zh) * 2014-07-25 2016-07-13 中能服能源科技股份有限公司 一种夏季降低背压冬季回收乏汽余热的装置
CN105299965A (zh) * 2015-10-29 2016-02-03 天津市国民制药机械有限公司 一种高温热泵冷凝装置
WO2021057645A1 (en) * 2019-09-25 2021-04-01 Ningbo Geely Automobile Research & Development Co., Ltd. Air conditioning system for a vehicle

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AU4529197A (en) 1998-05-28
JP3056151B2 (ja) 2000-06-26
KR100256115B1 (ko) 2000-05-01
DE69722899T2 (de) 2003-12-04
MX9708912A (es) 1998-05-31
AU733794B2 (en) 2001-05-24
US6161613A (en) 2000-12-19
EP0844453B1 (en) 2003-06-18
CN1129754C (zh) 2003-12-03
SG60140A1 (en) 1999-02-22
JPH10176874A (ja) 1998-06-30
KR19980042616A (ko) 1998-08-17
DE69722899D1 (de) 2003-07-24
EP0844453A3 (en) 1998-12-23
CA2219699A1 (en) 1998-05-21
CA2219699C (en) 2002-08-13
EP0844453A2 (en) 1998-05-27
MY119615A (en) 2005-06-30
TW396267B (en) 2000-07-01
BR9705811A (pt) 1999-05-25

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