CN1179318C - 公用亭触摸板 - Google Patents
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- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
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- G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
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Abstract
一种简化的触摸板(21),在特定绝对定位可编程区或“输入/选择”区(29)中检测“触摸”,而非“叩击”。该触摸板(21)还具有内置在触摸板(21)中的听觉反馈器件用于立即的反馈,以及包括相对光标定位区(27)的触觉面(26)。通过使触摸板(21)简化为只包括基本功能,触摸板(21)操作更容易,制造更简单,更适合与通常采用触摸屏的图形界面显示***一起使用。本发明最好结合到公用亭(23)中,经过简化的用法具有很多好处。本发明一实施例包括一封闭体,将触摸板(21)相对于外部污染完全密封,使得触摸板(21)防水防尘。盖板(51)还对触摸板(21)的触觉面(26)提供耐久和额外的保护。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种诸如当前采用触摸屏这种图形用户界面***的改进界面控制。具体来说,本发明涉及一种具有规定的可编程输入区的触摸板,响应的是任何“触摸”或“挤压”,而不需要“叩击”来输入“输入/选择”命令。
背景
现在的计算机***追求“用户友好”。设计人员试图通过更简单、更明确说明的显示器以及更易使用的界面,使***对不论是专家还是初次用户来说都可理解。设计人员从这种用户友好***的需要出发开发了触摸屏显示器。操作者可在触摸屏显示器所包括的显示表面上有选择地显示信息或通过触摸该屏幕上按交互方式显示的图标来执行一功能。该触摸屏与一存储、计算并提供所需信息或所要执行功能的微处理器可操作地连接。若干触摸屏显示器及其应用在下列专利中有所说明:(于1998年4月7日)授予Denman的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,737,729;(于1998年2月10日)授予Doba的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,717,433;(于1996年11月5日)授予Sylvan的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,572,573;(于1996年1月2日)授予Hano的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,481,250;以及(于1995年10月10日)授予Sansone的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,457,636。
公用亭或小直立台用于推广或销售服务或商品,或者用于公众获取信息。如下面专利所给出的那样,公用亭在本技术领域内是众所周知的:(于1979年12月18日)授予Spencer的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,179,723;(于1981年5月5日)授予Johnson的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,265,059;(于1989年3月28日)授予Brown的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,817,043;以及(于1993年12月21日)授予Pearlson的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,271,669。公用亭其优点在于,可设置在公共场所,由于结合该公用亭提供了简单安全的***,因而可为许多操作人员所使用。公用亭通常包括微处理器和用于与操作人员交互作用的可视显示器或监视器。这种交互作用通常是简单的,而且允许操作人员通过在键盘上敲击基本命令或在触摸屏界面上选择选项,按步骤经过若干个预置选项,来执行内部功能,诸如运算或显示信息,分发货品或钱币,或与一打印设备和纸张源相连的话,便打印输出。
触摸屏当前用于许多商业领域和非商业领域,包括例如工厂及流程控制这种工业控制***,例如与邮政、照相、复印中心、可视电话、医院以及ATM***商业控制***一起使用的常规公用亭,例如在许多旅游区、图书馆和饭店中使用的那些信息公告亭,以及需要简单的与操作人员交互作用的装置的许多其他***。许多***还将触摸屏与例如数字键键盘或数字字母键盘(例如ATM)以及其他更为简化的功能键结合在一起。触摸屏***如其所现有的那样,功能很多,但仍有若干不足。首先,触摸屏显示器相对昂贵。通常的触摸屏花费大于非触摸屏显示器。
第二,由于触摸屏的屏幕需要触摸来启动,而且触摸屏释放热量,因而触摸屏不容易与环境保持绝对的密封。该缺点在显示器需要用于会经受灰尘、化学或细菌污染的地方,或带湿接触危险较高的地方尤为明显。因为,该***并未全部密封和与其周围相隔离,因而采用仔细、彻底的清洁方法,存在污染会损坏该设备内部部件或与下一用户接触的危险。
第三,一旦触及该屏幕,操作人员必须等待计算机,对触摸屏按得力量足够大和时间足够长以登录该选定的用户进行表示。该时间经过取决于该***的处理忙到何种程度,可能是几乎一瞬间,或可能费些时间。通常这种延迟造成那些作出的选择是处理器不登录或未足够快地显示的用户感到落空,而无意中再按一次,进行第二次不需要的选择。
所拥有的设备与触摸屏同样对用户友好,但花费较低,对污染密封且便于清洁的,并且在操作人员作选择时得到即时反馈,是较为有利的。
本领域众所周知对用户友好的计算机输入设备。若干种输入设备其中之一是熟悉的“鼠标器”。与图形用户界面结合时,鼠标器与敲击键盘命令相比,其使用可方便得多。通过在一表面内移动,操作人员使得光标在显示屏上相应移动。对于有经验的还是初学的计算机用户来说,都将鼠标器作为“对用户友好”的输入设备,提供一简单的与计算机交流的装置。但由于通常需要一在其上面操作的自由滚动的表面(例如桌面),鼠标器在许多应用中有许多不足。这样,鼠标器不适合在有限空间中使用,或与公用亭等触摸屏应用一起使用时所存在的表面空间几乎没有的场合。而且,鼠标器所包括的机械部分可能会堵塞,变脏变旧,通常无法对外面的污染保持密封。
为了回应对各种空间要求(不论是否有限)均适合的更为方便的输入设备的长期存在的需求,提出了各种替代的输入设备。这些替代输入设备包括常称为跟随球、跟随笔和跟随指点器的设备,以及检测指点物体在位置传感面上位置的种种设备。检测指点物体在传感面上位置的设备,通常具有使用简单、可靠、简易、小型,而且容易与当前的计算机和其他计算设备结合这些优点。
多种输入设备采用位置传感面。不同专利参考文献中提出了种种例子。例如,(于1975年5月27日)授予Rodgers等人的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.3,886,311揭示了一种用于检测书写板所产生的时间变化的静电场的书写笔。(于1987年6月9日)也授予Rodgers等人的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,672,154则揭示了一种无绳铁笔,从导电性笔筒末端发出的定向性电场由具有X-Y座标系的数字化板检测。(于1987年7月14日)授予Yoshikawa等人的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,680,430揭示了一种包括电阻膜在内用于确定指端或其他负载的触及所指示的平面上点的座标位置数据的板状座标检测装置。(于1978年7月25日)授予Bobick的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,103,252揭示了一种在其检测区域边界上定位有电极、通过作为一振荡器其中一部分的RC网络因改变时间常数的触摸所造成的电容充电变化来检测人体触摸的位置传感板。(于1988年4月5日)授予Matzke的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,736,191揭示了一种包括分立导电板的触摸启动控制设备,其中用户在覆盖该板的电介质层上的触摸,是通过按顺序使板中各个扇区分别充电和放电以确定该扇区所增大的电容进行检测的。(于1985年10月29日)授予Mabusth的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,550,221揭示了一种触觉敏感设备,将触摸位置变换为输出信号,所包括的基板支持第一和第二交织的、紧密间隔的、非重叠导电板。(于1987年1月27日)授予Rympalski等人的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,639,720揭示了一种电子素描板,包含一具有透明电容像素阵列的图形输入盘,其电容特性响应导电性末端笔在板表面上通过而发生变化。(于1993年7月6日)授予Miller的欧洲专利公报EP.Pat.No.574,213揭示了一种贴近传感器,其包括的传感器矩阵阵列对与位置传感板连接的水平和垂直导体间的电容变化进行检测,以确定xyz位置信息。
近来对位置传感板领域的附加技术当中,有(于1994年4月19日)授予Gerpheide的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,305,017。Gerpheide专利的设备和方法包括一触觉输入板,用户方便地用手指将其上面的位置信息输入。操作过程中,用户的指端处于与触觉板的位置传感面的顶面接近。Gerpheide专利的设备检测出指端在触摸板水平(“x”)和垂直(“y”)方向上的位置以及手指相对于传感面在z方向上的接近程度。具有相对位置传感面、主要是靠操作人员手指的触摸进行操作的设备,通常称为触摸板。除了手指以外,Gerpheide和许多其他触摸板也可由其他导电性物体操作。
触摸板对置于或接近传感面的手指进行检测,并将手指的运动变换为显示屏上光标相应的运动。采用触摸板作为输入设备,其中一个优点在于节省空间。具体来说,触摸板可固定在某个地方,操作人员仍可操控显示屏上的光标。此特性在空间限制受重视时是很重要的。
具体来说,就触摸板技术来说,触摸板已经就用户友好性方面至反馈***方面的增加进行了修改。开发了具有触觉反馈控制***的触摸板,来辅助操作人员通过触摸相对于不同的触摸板区域让操作人员手指休息的地方进行确定。(于1996年11月12日申请的)Gerpheide所共有的、共同待审的国际公开号WO97/18546揭示了一例触觉反馈,在此通过引用归并在一起。Gerpheide所揭示的触觉反馈包括板面上的纹理和***的脊棱相组合,表示可编程“按钮”部分,当叩击时执行可编程分配给该按钮的功能。
开发了具有听觉反馈控制***的触摸板,来辅助操作人员当选定了触摸板其中一部分时进行确定。一例听觉反馈包括一微处理器,采用PC扬声器发出一音调来表示进行过选定。但如触摸屏显示***所示,这种听觉反馈取决于处理器的响应时间,可能较慢。
触摸板而且适合通过规定触摸板其中一部分板面上的数字键盘或数字字母键盘来执行附加功能。最近,触摸板的适应性修改也通过增加笔和例如加州Chattsworth的高级识别技术有限公司(Advanced Recognition Technologies,Inc.)和加州Santa Clara的CyberSIGN有限公司(CyberSIGN,Inc.)商业销售的用于识别签名和手写体的图案识别软件。
除了本领域现有的触摸板所给出的许多优点以外,还存在不足,既有一般如前面所提到的,也有现有的触摸板用于特定应用时出现的。首先,现有的触摸板,即便触摸板面上具有输入区,仍需要用户对该板面的叩击加以组合,将“鼠标按钮点击”或“输入/选择”命令发送给主计算机。例如,某些触摸板需要一较慢、较实、时上时下的手指叩击动作来产生“鼠标按钮点击”命令。虽然对专家用户来说较方便有效,但给定触摸板的叩击其较合适的时间和力度,学习起来较费时,并且可能让人困惑,甚至对初学用户带来烦恼,甚至专家用户面对一新***也会如此。此外,有些人由于身体限制,无法执行现有的触摸板上所需的叩击组合,或现有鼠标设备所需的双击组合。第二,现有的触摸板包括许多在很多简单应用(例如信息公告亭或其他图形界面)中不需要的功能。这些附加功能会使触摸板的操作变得复杂,并让操作人员产生疑惑。第三,现有的触摸板对许多应用不够耐用。由于通常采用薄塑料层来保护传感面,触摸板在持续、频繁的使用后会变旧或变差。此外,在发现公用亭***是在诸如工厂、餐馆、复印中心、医院、ATM这种场合,以及在例如图书馆或其他信息中心会被某人或多人频繁使用触摸板的其他环境下,通常在触摸板传感面上用的薄塑料层可能不足以使传感面承受磨损环境。第四,对外部污染未做到完全密封的触摸板,不足以应付尘埃、化学物品、湿度或其他污染较普遍或暴露于液体的危险较高的场合。
拥有这样一种触摸板,它易学易用,仅包括简单应用(例如图形用户界面)所需功能,比现有触摸板更为耐久,可对外部污染完全密封,通知操作人员作出过选择所提供的听觉反馈不取决于处理器速度,是较为有利的。
发明概述
本发明包括一用于公用亭或诸如桌面计算机这种其他图形用户界面***的触摸板。为了易于使用,触摸板可以具有一相对光标定位触觉区,一绝对定位触觉区以及一听觉反馈设备。触觉板还可以具有编程为根据操作人员的手指在该区域内的移动方向而向上滚屏或向下滚屏的第二绝对定位触觉区。另外,触摸板还可以由一壳体封闭该触摸板来相对于外部污染做到完全密封。一实施例中,有一刚性、耐久的保护板置于触摸板传感面上,来增加触摸板寿命。另一实施例中,还采用触觉反馈来辅助操作人员靠触摸区分触摸板各区。
在其便于使用、对用户友好、耐久性和实用性方面,可了解本发明的某些优点。通过建立“触”觉绝对定位区,不需要操作人员了解或使用“叩击”来操作***,而可代之以象操作机械按钮但没有与机械按钮有关缺点那种方式对触摸板面上的区域进行操作。通过简化触摸板,使之仅包括图形用户界面应用所需的基本功能(例如指点和点击,向上和向下滚屏),触摸板易于为初学者和专家使用。通过将触摸板相对于外部污染全部密封,触摸板变得防水、防尘,使得触摸板更易于清洁,在污染环境中更为可靠。通过用保护板覆盖触觉面,触摸板将更为耐久,这样在存在使用繁忙因素或需要额外保护的场合会更为长久地用于各种环境。最后,通过附加灵敏的反馈表示各个区域的差异,当选定了某一区域时,触摸板对用户更为友好,对操作人员很有用。
在考虑附图和相关说明后,本发明其他特征和优点将会更清楚。
附图简要说明
附图中图示的是本发明当前较佳的实施例,其中相同标号表示不同视图中同样的部分。
图1是采用图形监视器和触摸板的公用亭的主视图。
图2是触摸板触觉面和分解开以突出单个部件的保护性封闭体其较佳实施例的截面透视图。
图3是示出“输入区”、“滚屏区”以及“相对光标定位区”的简化触觉面较佳
实施例的俯视图。
图4是示出保护盖、触觉面、扬声器以及电子部件的触摸板较佳实施例的侧视图。
图5是采用监视器和适用于数字字母或符号输入以及相对光标定位的交互作用面板的主视图。
图6是数字字母触摸板实施例的主视图。
图7是采用图形界面监视器和具有滚屏区、输入区以及相对光标定位区的触摸板的交互信息面板的主视图。
图8是诸如ATM那种公用亭的主视图,示出监视器和具有相对光标定位区、输入区、数字输入区以及供笔签名输入的签名验证区的触摸板。
实施发明的最佳方式
图1示出除了触摸屏监视器25通常用于公用亭23中的较佳触摸板21,或以常规监视器25替代通常靠触摸进行的触摸功能。触摸板21包括一可编程触觉面26,至少具有2个邻接区:相对光标定位区27以及“输入”或“选择”区29。“输入”或“选择”区29是一绝对定位的可编程区域29,最好编程为当该区域的触觉面检测出操作人员手指触及时,便将“输入”、“选择”或“鼠标按钮点击”命令登录到主计算机(未图示)。“触摸”包括在可编程区域29内完成的任何形式的触及动作,例如按压、叩击,甚至只是使手指处于基本上接近可编程区29。导电体例如手指离开触觉面越远,可表面检测其存在的可能性越小。距给定触觉面设置导电体、并被检测出的距离,随各个表面而变化,从而可由本领域中普通技术人员方便地确定。
现有的触摸板所需的“叩击”,输入“输入”或“选择”命令,或在触摸板表面上选择一可编程区域,需要一特定持续时间以及有效的表面区域(或z值)来正确登录该接触至功能。与现有触摸板选择可编程区域所需的“叩击”不同,本发明允许的“触摸”不论该接触持续时间如何,都登录该可编程区域29内的接触,并输入该命令。换言之,一旦接触,或基本上一旦接触,本发明便登录“触摸”接触并输入该命令,由此模拟机械按钮,而相反,现有的触摸板不是一旦接触,而是一旦释放,只有在该***所建立的时间窗内一直保持“触摸”时间要求的持续时间(不太长也不太短),才输入命令。这样,本发明的可编程区29利用编程中所规定的有效z值来响应任何“触摸”,没有时间要求。较好是还对相对定位区27进行编程,使之无法延迟“输入/选择”命令。这意味着,利用许多触摸板面来启动“输入/选择”命令的“叩击”,最好起不到利用“输入/选择”区域29在一触摸板上启动“输入/选择”命令的作用。通过创建仅当“输入/选择”区29被触摸时才延迟一“输入/选择”命令的触摸板21,操作人员不太可能错误地作出选择。
“触摸”能力对于触摸板特别有用,因为初学者和专家级触摸板用户可以迅速和容易地学习和执行采用简化设备的操作,不需要首先掌握给定触摸板的“叩击”时间。还可预期,可编程区29的“触摸”能力还可替代地编程为仅对足够长持续时间(例如比现有触摸板所需“叩击”持续时间长的持续时间)的“触摸”进行响应。通过需要一延续的“触摸”,可更加方便地避免无意的“触摸”。
虽然本领域技术人员可将该触觉面编程为以另外的方式响应,但最好当用户手指实际触摸触觉面26或与触觉面26靠得足够近表示这种意图时,便由触觉面26检测出“触摸”。本实施例的输入/选择区29最好与邻接的相对定位区27基本一致,并编程使得手指从相对定位区27“滑动”通过一绝对定位可编程区29不会登录为该区域内的“触摸”,而会被视为仿佛只是滑动通过相对定位区27中的另一部分。但如果手指当前未与触摸板面接触,便在该触觉面26中触摸到或靠得足够近以便触觉面检测出“触摸”、“输入/选择”命令会与主计算机(未图示)通信。可预期,可以对输入/选择区29编程来延迟其他命令,编程为具有其他功能的多个输入/选择区还可以置于触觉面上来模拟机械按钮。虽然由于许多应用中存在机械按钮固有的问题而最好避免机械按钮,但可预期,除了模拟的机械按钮以外,该设备还可以实施机械按钮。
除了本发明的“触摸”特性而非“叩击”特性对机械按钮进行模拟以外,对于耐久性和实用性来说,触摸板21最好用一透明盖板31覆盖加以保护,并最好延伸到触摸板21的边界33,这样盖板31的宽度和长度应与触觉面26的相对应或超出。虽然为了耐久和美观,盖板31最好用玻璃形成,但也可以在不需要很高耐久性的场合较理想地用诸如聚碳酸酯或聚酯这种聚合体形成,与触觉面26粘结或粘贴。盖板31的厚度会随所用的触摸板21的种类而变化,因为不同的触摸板采用不同技术,每一种具有不同的容许值。但本领域技术人员可对与一给定触摸板21一起使用的盖板31运算允许的最大尺寸。但对于Gerpheide在美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,305,017中揭示的触摸板技术来说,作为一耐久可靠的***,盖板31最好在0.0254至0.1016厘米(0.01至0.07英寸)。但该盖板31的厚度,可根据给定应用所需的保护水平与响应可靠性之比来增加或减少。虽然该盖板最好通过粘接剂固定到公用亭面板上,但可以替代地用螺丝或等效装置来固定。因为,现有的许多触摸板需要手指与操作用触摸板面实际接触,这样盖板便会造成触摸板无法操作,可预想盖板最好只用于某些实施例的保护,但本发明则不需要这样。
操作人员通过使手指或其他导电体靠近触摸板21的表面,并在触摸板边界33以内移动,可对监视器25(也称为“显示器”)上表示的光标37进行导航。要选定监视器25上表示的一个功能,操作人员采用相对光标定位区27对光标37进行导航,并置于监视器25上与所需功能(通常用一图形符号39,或为“图标”来表示)相对应的地方。操作人员接下来通过使手指或其他导电体靠近或接触触摸板处于输入/选择区29以内的触觉面26。利用这样一种***采用触摸板选择对象而非采用触摸屏的一个特定优点在于,与触摸屏相比,它能够使更小的图标39得到选定。因为光标37可编程为如所需的那样小显现并选择对象,所以采用触摸板,甚至很大的手指都能选择很小或很密分布的图标39。
图2示出将触摸板21相对于外部污染完全密封的较佳触摸板封闭体41。封闭体41包括一大小和形状足以容纳触摸板21的基座43以及任何相关部件45(见图4)。触摸板21设置在基座43内,该基座最好还包括一***边缘47,用于密封触摸板21,并包括一边框49,其上设置盖51和盖垫53来密封该封闭体41。可选的盖板31最好设置在盖垫53和触摸板触觉面26之间用作附加的防护。尽管这样会增大盖51和触摸板触觉面26之间距离,进而降低可靠性,但对于某些应用,盖板31还可以置于盖51上,或者可以将盖51形成为盖板31。盖板31最好是透明的,以允许触摸板21表面上触觉区的可见表示(例如由墨制成)透过该盖板31可见。但作为盖板31来说,可进行标记来表示这种区域,故不需要透明度,可以采用先前说明的触觉反馈装置,或在某些应用当中也可以最好没有触觉区的表示。在需要完全防水和防尘的封闭体的场合,最好使触摸板电缆(未图示)密封,提供没有机械按钮的***。
图2实施例中,基座43进一步包括足以容纳触摸板电缆57的触摸板电缆通孔55(见图4)。该触摸板电缆通孔55用置于触摸板电缆通孔55内环绕触摸板电缆57的电缆垫59密封(例如做到防水和防尘)(图4)。该触摸板封闭体41这种防水和防尘特性可通过相对于触摸板电缆通孔55、触摸板电缆57(未图示)以及电缆垫59使用粘接剂或其他密封剂来进一步加强。虽然,本发明不需要,但盖51和盖垫53最好用粘接剂与基座和触摸板固定以得到更好的密封。可以另外可选地使触摸板电缆57与保护层密封在一起,以进一步防止污染。
可将盖51制成与基座43啮合,使得盖51与基座43紧固,并通过盖垫53形成密封(例如咬合、粘合或螺合)。基座43和盖51可以由聚合体形成,或由例如铝这种金属形成。若采用金属,最好应放置另一层绝缘材料来使触摸板触觉面26与金属绝缘。同样,垫圈53和59及其制造方法均是本领域公知的。
对于密封***来说,盖51或盖垫53最好足够多地覆盖触摸板边界33,以便密封实现水密和尘密,并与基座43相关联,除了这里说明的其他密封以外,还起到使触摸板电路相对于外部污染完全密封的作用。若该触摸板所用的区域细菌或化学污染受到关注,并且缝隙由于潜在的污染特性而不理想的场合,盖板31可包括无缝或无孔的整体面板作为替代。在这种情况下,触摸板21最好用粘接剂与面板的背面粘贴或利用一结构支持,监视器也置于该面板之后,用一结构来支持。
图3示出触摸板21的俯视图,其中示出触摸板边界33、相对光标定位区27以及输入/选择区29。而且包括一可选的滚屏区61。该输入/选择区边界67最好***用于触觉反馈,或者使输入/选择区29形成纹理。除了输入/选择区67上设有触觉反馈以外,或并非输入/选择区67上设有触觉反馈,而是滚屏区61和相对光标定位区27也可以具有带纹理或***的部分用于提供触觉反馈。
作为替代,该触觉反馈69可设置在盖板31(见图4)表面上。如图4实施例所示,盖板31直接搁置在触摸板21上面,触觉反馈69最好与触摸板触觉面26上的有关区域相对应。该输入/选择区29还可以在盖板31的反面用印刷的图案向用户表示,与操作人员的触摸隔开,最好用红墨标注词语“输入”和表示输入/选择区边界的圆圈(见图3)。同样,滚屏区61也可滚屏区61位置的墨图来表示。盖板31上的墨还可以用于提供装饰性设计或标志。
较佳实施例中,盖板31是薄层玻璃,其正面通过气喷、酸腐蚀或其他公知工艺来雾化处理。经雾化处理的纹理通过减少手指和玻璃表面间摩擦力来适宜触摸。在此情况下,腐蚀的图案可以用于表示输入/选择区29或滚屏区61。该腐蚀图案可以与玻璃背面墨图的利用相结合。该玻璃背面最好经雾化处理来提高墨图的附着力,若用粘接剂将盖板31与触摸板21固定,还提高粘接剂效果。
薄塑料盖,例如通常用在触摸板上的,可作为替代用作盖板31来取代玻璃。在这种情况下,输入/选择区29和滚屏区61可以如(于1996年11月12日申请的)Gerpheide的国际公开号WO97/18546公报中所说明的那样用表面纹理变化表示,或通过浮雕或镂刻工艺用于在塑料中产生脊棱。这些方法中任一方法具有较为方便地***作人员的触摸所检测的优点。作为替代,可通过油墨印刷(最好在透明的塑料盖的背面)表示各区域。
图4示出触摸板21一实施例,在触摸板21背面上安装有触摸板的电子部件45。该实施例还包括一可选的扬声器71用于听觉反馈。该扬声器71最好是压电体声音提示或本领域公知的其他器件,可直接与触摸板21相连,以便选定触摸板触觉面26预先指定区域时便立即响应。通过将扬声器与触摸板21直接相连,听觉反馈并非取决于主微处理器的处理速度,用户可真正得到立即的反馈。但可预期,主处理器也可以用于产生听觉反馈的声音。另外,对于另外的有用反馈,实施例中还可加入编程为当选定过某一区域时便发出闪光或光照作为视觉反馈进行表示的设备。(于1997年9月4日申请的)Glad所共有的、共同待审的美国专利申请Ser.No.08/923,677中给出一例这种视觉反馈。图4也示出用于与主微处理器通信的触摸板电缆57。还可预期,给定***可同时采用多种形式的感觉反馈,即听觉、触觉以及视觉的反馈。
图5示出本发明一较佳实施例,与需要图形用户界面和数字字母界面两者的***一起使用,但缺乏键盘所需空间。所示的实施例而且会如同图2所示实施例所说明的那样工作在需要完全密封***的应用中。这样一种***在工厂、科学实验室、医院、厨房、甚至暴露在天气中公用亭中,处于空间受到重视而且与流体接触的污染几率高这样一种环境特性中,是很有用的。
图5所示的是包括监视器25、触摸板21和盖板31的面板73。触摸板的可编程触觉面26与先前说明的实施例一样,不仅包括相对光标定位区27和输入/选择区29,还包括其他的绝对定位区75。这些绝对定位区75,与输入/选择区29同样,每一个都直接与给定功能相对应,当选定相应区域75时便通知微处理器。(于1997年9月4日申请的)Glad所共有的、共同待审的美国专利申请Ser.No.08/923,677中给出一例绝对定位区。这些区域可与所熟悉的一些功能相对应,例如数字字母或数字输入功能、或对某一给定***特定的其他功能。如本领域技术人员将会清楚的那样,触觉反馈对于本实施例区分上述区域中每一个也是有益的。绝对定位区还可以编程为与交替切换触摸板工作方式的功能相对应,以便触摸板其中一部分要么作为相对定位区,要么作为绝对定位区工作,来增加触摸板的功能和实用性。还可预期,本发明的实施例可以包括编程为触摸时通知“保持”、“拖曳锁定”、“释放”或多种其他命令的多项绝对定位区。
图6示出触摸板21较佳实施例的主视图,其具有的盖板31标记为与响应作为数字字母键盘的触摸板一同使用。对于与所示盖一起使用的触摸板21来说,触摸板触觉面26包括多个绝对定位区29,每一个编程为通过将区域29内所示的功能发至与触摸板相关的微处理器(未图示)来独立响应区域29内的触摸。本实施例所示的定向区域81最好作为相对定位区运作,但可作为替代地编程为按例如标准键盘所见到的那种具有4个独立光标定位区这样进行响应。作为替代或另外的方式,可以提供一功能键(未图示)以便触觉面或其中一部分可在多个绝对定位区和单个相对定位区之间就功能进行交替切换。最好,各区的边界***用于区分各区的触觉反馈。如同结合本揭示所说明的其他实施例,也可采用其他形式的感觉反馈,来利用本触摸板实施例辅助触摸板操作人员。
图7示出本发明用作一信息公告亭的实施例。图7示出的公告亭面板73容纳一具有图形符号39与所分配功能相对应的监视器25、触摸板21以及盖板31。用于信息公告亭的本实施例,其优点在于其简单和低成本。采用图形用户界面的信息公告亭需要操作人员选择屏幕上的对象来获取特定信息。操作人员选择特定信息后,通常需要向上或向下滚屏来查看整个内容。本实施例特别有用的典型应用例是操作人员查看web网页。在有操作人员要浏览的web链接的场合下,操作人员可简单地通过采用触摸板对屏幕光标进行导航,直到该光标指向所需的链接。操作人员接着只需要触摸输入/选择区,该公告亭将给出下一链接全都是信息的屏幕。这样一种简单的触摸板21,仅仅具有相对光标定位区27、触觉输入/选择区29以及滚屏区61,对于初学者和专家两方面来说都容易使用,而且与触摸屏相比花费相当低。可预期本发明不仅是用于公用或频繁使用的***。需要简化用户界面的桌面或便携式计算机会同样从这样一种设备当中受益。
如本领域技术人员将会清楚的那样,触摸板可编程为与标准、熟悉的图形用户界面(例如微软视窗Microsoft WINDOWS或互联网浏览器)一起运作,不需要专门的驱动软件。同样,触摸板可在没有触摸屏界面所需的专用软件的情况下,包含任意给定***中需要起作用的所有功能。
图8示出本发明与诸如ATM这种公用亭一起使用的另一实施例。图8示出监视器25、触摸板21、盖板31以及笔77。本实施例的触摸板21包括一相对光标定位区27、一输入/选择区29、部分用作数字键盘而设置的若干绝对定位区75、以及签名识别区79。
图9是示出与一微处理器相关的触觉绝对定位区操作方法的框图。首先,监测该区域(触摸该区域)的z值。其次,当该区域z值超出规定水平时,与该区域相关的功能命令便接力传递至微处理机。该功能命令继续接力传递,直到仍处于被监测状态的z值低于规定水平。这样,绝对定位区响应时很像机械按钮。例如,采用图7所示的触摸板实施例,若绝对定位区29编程为象“选择”功能按钮一样操作,当按足够的z值触摸了该区域29时,该选择功能便会继续,或进行选择或保持选择,直到触摸释放到低于规定z值的某一点为止。这样,为了操作该触摸板21,用户移动或“滑动”手指通过相对定位区27来控制监视器25上示出的光标其相应的移动。当光标接近所要选择的图标39时,用户再从触摸板相对定位区表面27移开手指,点光标的移动便在此停止,接着触摸绝对定位区29来作出选择。对于在触摸该绝对定位区29之后手指继续触摸该触摸板面的持续时间来说,光标最好是不移动,选择功能会接力传递至微处理器。当手指再一次置于相对定位区27,光标便再一次响应相对的手指移动。
如本领域技术人员将会清楚的那样,所说明的本发明不限于某一具体的触摸板类型或实施例。可适宜与本发明一起发挥很好作用的标准触摸板例子有犹他州盐湖城的CIRQUE制造的TSM920触摸板,以及加州San Jose的ALPS、加州San Jose的SYNAPTICS、加州Freemont的LOGITECH制造的、或其他诸如在此说明的触摸板。为了简化操作,可由本领域技术人员通过修改触摸板微处理器程序或编写主处理器的软件,使标准的触摸板适宜于提供触觉输入/选择区功能。本领域技术人员可编写软件或配置硬件来检测手指对输入/选择区域内表示手指触及的绝对座标位置的触摸。该软件另外可选地包括或最好是包括例行程序来确认,手指不象标准触摸板所需的那样仅“叩击”输入/选择区,以保证只是有意识的触摸才被执行。该软件另外可选地包括或最好是包括例行程序来确认,触摸后没有明显的手指动作,以保证只是有意识的触摸才被执行。此外,在此区域内检测出触摸后,最好禁止光标动作来辅助用户作出正确的选择。
由于许多用户难以在标准的触摸板上形成叩击动作的合适“上下”时间,因而输入/选择区便特别有利。由于这种困难和再保证随机械按钮而来的机械“咔嗒”声,触摸板通常与机械按钮相伴,可由操作人员按下产生“鼠标按钮点击”命令。本发明的输入/选择区较简单,而且易于使用,这样便不需要机械按钮。这种配置的极大好处在于可靠、节省成本、以及该公用亭制造商更容易设计。
可预期,本发明的触摸板可以与监视器(不论是否具有触摸屏能力)一起使用。但最好与上述附图相关说明的触摸板其不同实施例,用作图形界面***中触摸屏监视器的低花费替代品。还预期,由于将上述***相对于污染和流体做到完全密封的能力,本发明结合未在这里专门说明的许多应用将很有用。
Claims (30)
1.一种触摸板,其特征在于,包括:一包含多个可编程输入区在内的触觉面,每一可编程输入区编程为将相对的光标定位输入传送给一与所述触摸板可工作地关联的微处理器,所述多个可编程输入区其中至少一个编程为当一导电体接近它时便模拟一机械按钮。
2.如权利要求1所述的触摸板,其特征在于,所述多个可编程输入区是多个可编程触摸响应区。
3.如权利要求1所述的触摸板,其特征在于,所述多个可编程输入区其中所述至少一个包括一输入/选择区。
4.如权利要求3所述的触摸板,其特征在于,所述多个可编程输入区还包括一滚屏区。
5.如权利要求3所述的触摸板,其特征在于,当所述导电体接近所述输入/选择区时,便禁止光标移动。
6.如权利要求1所述的触摸板,其特征在于,所述触觉面还包括与所述多个可编程输入区其中至少一个相对应的感觉反馈。
7.如权利要求6所述的触摸板,其特征在于,所述感觉反馈,包括包含纹理在内的触觉反馈。
8.如权利要求6所述的触摸板,其特征在于,所述感觉反馈所包括的触觉反馈,包含与所述多个可编程输入区其中所述至少一个的边界相对应的***脊棱。
9.如权利要求6所述的触摸板,其特征在于,所述感觉反馈包括一扬声器设备,其编程为当所述导电体接近所述多个可编程输入区其中所述至少一个时,便发出声音。
10.如权利要求9所述的触摸板,其特征在于,所述扬声器设备与所述触摸板结合在一起。
11.如权利要求6所述的触摸板,其特征在于,所述感觉反馈所包括的视觉反馈,包含一发光体,其编程为当所述导电体接近所述多个可编程输入区其中所述至少一个时,便发亮。
12.如权利要求1所述的触摸板,其特征在于,还包括与所述触觉面邻近设置的玻璃盖板。
13.如权利要求1所述的触摸板,其特征在于,进一步包括一封闭体,其中包括:
一基座,具有足以***述触摸板的井部,所述触摸板设置于该井部以内;
一盖子,设置于所述触摸板上面,并与所述基座固定;以及
至少一个垫,与所述盖子、触摸板以及基座密封地关联。
14.如权利要求13所述的触摸板,其特征在于,所述封闭体将所述触摸板相对于外部环境完全密封。
15.如权利要求1所述的触摸板,其特征在于,所述多个可编程输入区包括至少一个区域,其编程为按数字键盘响应。
16.如权利要求1所述的触摸板,其特征在于,所述多个可编程输入区包括至少一个区域,其编程为按数字字母键盘响应。
17.如权利要求1所述的触摸板,其特征在于,所述多个可编程输入区包括至少一个区域,其编程为按识别区响应。
18.如权利要求1所述的触摸板,其特征在于,所述多个可编程输入区包括至少一个区域,其编程为按状态选择区响应,以便在绝对位置识别功能和相对位置识别功能间交替切换多个可编程输入区其中一部分。
19.如权利要求1所述的触摸板,其特征在于,所述导电体是手指。
20.如权利要求1所述的触摸板,其特征在于,所述多个可编程输入区其中所述至少一个,编程为当所述导电体初次接近与所述多个可编程输入区其中所述至少一个很接近的所述触觉面时便模拟一机械按钮,还编程为当所述导电体初次接近与所述多个可编程输入区其中所述至少一个不够接近的所述触觉面时便将相对的光标定位输入传送给所述微处理器。
21.一种触摸板交互控制***,其特征在于,包括:
一触摸板,包括一非机械触觉面,所具有的多个可编程输入区编程为将相对的光标定位输入传送给一与所述触摸板可工作地关联的微处理器,所述多个可编程输入区其中至少一个编程为当一导电体接近它时便模拟一机械按钮;以及
一与所述微处理器关联的显示设备。
22.如权利要求21所述的触摸板交互控制***,其特征在于,所述多个可编程输入区其中所述至少一个是一输入/选择区。
23.如权利要求21所述的触摸板交互控制***,其特征在于,还包括一封闭体,所述封闭体***述触摸板和所述显示设备。
24.如权利要求23所述的触摸板交互控制***,其特征在于,所述封闭体将所述触摸板和显示设备相对于外部环境完全封闭。
25.如权利要求21所述的触摸板交互控制***,其特征在于,还包括一与所述触觉面邻近设置的耐久透明盖板。
26.如权利要求25所述的触摸板交互控制***,其特征在于,该耐久透明盖板包括玻璃。
27.如权利要求21所述的触摸板交互控制***,其特征在于,所述触摸屏运作一图形用户界面。
28.一种改进的公用亭,具有一壳体,其中包含与一显示器和一用户输入设备关联的微处理器,以便用户可与微处理器交互作用,在该显示器上访问并显示信息,其特征在于,改进包括:
作为用于与微处理器交互作用的用户输入设备具有一触摸板,其包括一触觉面,具有多个可编程输入区,每一可编程输入区编程为将相对的光标定位输入传送给所述微处理器,所述多个可编程输入区其中至少一个还编程为当一导电体接近它时便传递一功能至所述微处理器。
29.如权利要求28所述的改进的公用亭,其特征在于,所述功能是一输入/选择命令。
30.一种触摸板操作方法,其特征在于,包括:
提供一具有多个可编程输入区的触摸板,多个可编程输入区其中至少一个是一相对定位区,多个可编程输入区其中至少另一个是一绝对定位区;
使一导电体与所述相对定位区接触;
通过在整个相对定位区和整个绝对定位区内移动该导电体接近所述相对定位区,来控制光标移动至所需位置;
使该导电体接近所述绝对定位区,所述绝对定位区对其进行响应,传递一功能命令至一关联的微处理器。
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1999
- 1999-07-02 CN CNB998081531A patent/CN1179318C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-02 JP JP2000558510A patent/JP2002520706A/ja active Pending
- 1999-07-02 CA CA002337796A patent/CA2337796A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-02 WO PCT/US1999/015161 patent/WO2000002188A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-07-02 EP EP99933690A patent/EP1093655A4/en not_active Ceased
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CA2337796A1 (en) | 2000-01-13 |
EP1093655A4 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
EP1093655A1 (en) | 2001-04-25 |
JP2002520706A (ja) | 2002-07-09 |
US6262717B1 (en) | 2001-07-17 |
CN1322341A (zh) | 2001-11-14 |
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