CN117898227A - Application of shrimp pool algae bait in artificial breeding of western tongue - Google Patents
Application of shrimp pool algae bait in artificial breeding of western tongue Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to application of a shrimp pond algae bait in artificial breeding of a western tongue, and relates to the technical field of aquaculture. According to the invention, the shrimp pond algae is taken as a main material, and the concentrated chlorella (algae paste) is taken as a bait, so that the requirements of growth and survival of floating larvae, juvenile mollusks and juvenile mollusks of the western tongue on the bait are met, meanwhile, on the basis of regulating and controlling the bait to meet the nutritional requirements of the western tongue in different stages, the dry-running water stimulation is adopted to successfully induce the western tongue to discharge sperm eggs, the accumulation of harmful substances in the seedling raising pond is reduced by adopting an 'attaching plate and pond bottom' attaching mode, the damage of flushing substrate and bottom replacement to seedlings is avoided, and a good seedling picking effect can be obtained; the adopted 'closed seedling raising' mode is suitable for being used as a cultivation mode of the Xishi tongue from planktonic larvae to young shellfish, so that a great amount of labor and water and electricity can be saved, and damage of water changing and pond pouring to the Xishi tongue shellfish seedlings can be avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to application of shrimp pool algae bait in artificial breeding of western tongue.
Background
The western tongue (Coelomactra antiquata, spengler, 1802), commonly known as the imperial concubine, sea clam, belongs to the phylum Mollusca (molusca), the class of lamellida (Lamellibranchia), the order of lamellida (Veneroida), the family of clamaceae (MACTRIDAE), and the genus of mactra (Coelomaetra).
The Xishi tongue has crisp and tender meat quality, sweet and delicious taste and high edible value. With the increase of the fishing strength of the western tongue year by year, the resource quantity of the western tongue is declined year by year. Researchers have conducted many researches on artificial breeding techniques of the western tongue, mainly focusing on the aspects of physiology, ecology, propagation occurrence, growth and development, population genetics, artificial breeding and the like of the western tongue, and the technical researches on the artificial breeding of the western tongue are to be further deepened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide application of shrimp pool algae bait in artificial breeding of western tongue, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the invention provides application of a shrimp pond algae bait in artificial breeding of a western tongue.
As a further preferred aspect of the invention, the shrimp pool algae are supplemented with concentrated chlorella as a bait for planktonic larvae, larvae and juveniles.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the bait has a feed density ratio of: shrimp pond algae: chlorella vulgaris=10:1.
As a further preferred aspect of the invention, the bait is fed every day during the cultivation of planktonic larvae, once a day and once a night, the feeding amount is 1X 10 4-2×104 cells/ml each time; feeding the baits every day during the cultivation of young shellfish, wherein the feeding amount is 2X 10 4-3×104 cells/ml each time; feeding the baits every day from young shellfish to young shellfish cultivation, wherein the feeding amount is 5X 10 4-10×104 cells/ml each time, and each time is once in the morning and evening.
As a further preferred aspect of the invention, the application process comprises the steps of: the method comprises the steps of adopting running water to stimulate and induce parent shellfish to discharge sperm eggs, and using the shrimp pool algae and the concentrated chlorella as the baits of planktonic larvae, juvenile shellfish and juvenile shellfish; culturing planktonic larvae to juvenile mollusks by adopting a closed seedling culture mode, and picking seedlings by adopting an attaching plate and pool bottom attaching mode; culturing young shellfish to young shellfish by adopting a bottomless closed seedling culture mode;
The closed seedling raising mode is characterized in that water is not changed and a pool is not fallen down during the cultivation period;
the substrate-free closed seedling raising mode is characterized in that water is not changed during the cultivation period, a pool is not fallen down, and a substrate is not paved at the bottom of the pool.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the parent shellfish is a 3-4-year-old Xishi tongue.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, seedling collection is performed during the adulteration period.
As a further preferred aspect of the invention, the shrimp and the algae are supplemented with concentrated chlorella as feed for planktonic larvae, juvenile mollusks and juvenile mollusks, and photosynthetic bacteria or nitrifying bacteria of planktonic larvae, juvenile mollusks and juvenile mollusks Bei Siwei.
More preferably, the concentration of photosynthetic or nitrifying bacteria in the body of aquaculture water is 10-20ppm.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the Xishi tongue is Zhanjiang coastal Xishi tongue.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the method further comprises the step of drying the western tongue in the shade before the step of inducing the parent shellfish to discharge sperm eggs by using the stimulation of flowing water.
More preferably, the time of the running water stimulation is 0.5-1h, and the time of the drying in the shade is 3-4h.
As a further preferred aspect of the invention, the temperature of water is controlled to be 25.5-26.5 ℃ during incubation of fertilized eggs, the salinity is controlled to be 27-28, and the pH is controlled to be 7.9-8.1; controlling the water temperature to be 25.5-27.5 ℃ and the salinity to be 27-28 and the pH to be 7.9-8.1 during the cultivation of planktonic larvae; controlling the water temperature at 26.5-28 ℃ during the cultivation of young shellfish, the salinity at 27-28 and the pH at 7.9-8.1; controlling water temperature at 27.5-29.7deg.C, salinity at 26-28, and pH at 7.9-8.1 during the period from young shellfish to young shellfish.
As a further preferable mode of the invention, the artificial breeding season is spring and autumn, specifically, 4 months of the last ten days to 7 months of the last ten days, 9 months of the last ten days to 10 months of the last ten days.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
The invention provides an application of a shrimp pond algae bait in artificial breeding of the western tongue, which takes the shrimp pond algae as a main material and takes concentrated chlorella (algae paste) as the bait, so that the requirements of growth and survival of floating larvae, young shellfish and young shellfish of the western tongue on the bait are met, meanwhile, on the basis of regulating and controlling the bait to meet the nutritional requirements of the western tongue in different stages, the selective egg discharge of the western tongue is successfully induced by adopting a shade-running water stimulation, the accumulation of harmful substances in a breeding pond is reduced by adopting an 'attaching plate+pond bottom' attaching mode, the damage of flushing substrate and bottom replacement on the seedlings is avoided, and a better seedling collecting effect can be obtained; the adopted 'closed seedling raising' mode is suitable for being used as a cultivation mode of the Xishi tongue from planktonic larvae to young shellfish, so that a great amount of labor and water and electricity can be saved, and damage of water changing and pond pouring to the Xishi tongue shellfish seedlings can be avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows the harvested Xishi tongue ((110.81.+ -. 4.79) cm X (83.+ -. 2.35) cm);
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the drying of western tongue in the shade;
FIG. 3 illustrates the running water stimulation of the western tongue;
FIG. 4 shows initial glossing larvae (D-larvae, (83.+ -. 2.81) μm X (70.+ -. 1.96) μm);
FIG. 5 shows the western tongue ((272.+ -. 10.01) μm× (253.+ -. 9.67) μm) developing into the adherance phase;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of Xishi juvenile mollusk ((3.26.+ -. 0.12) mm× (3.10.+ -. 0.09) mm);
FIG. 7 is a female parent of the western tongue;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a male parent of the western tongue;
FIG. 9 is a four cell phase of the cleavage phase of the Xishi tongue;
FIG. 10 is an eight cell phase of the cleavage phase of the Xishi tongue;
FIG. 11 shows the blastula stage of the western tongue;
FIG. 12 shows initial larvae ((130.+ -. 3.67) μm× (120.+ -. 3.24) μm) of the top of the Xishi tongue shell;
FIG. 13 shows mid-roof larvae of the Xishi tongue (165.+ -. 5.79) μm× (146.+ -. 4.83) μm);
FIG. 14 is a top post-shell larvae ((246.+ -. 8.20) μm× (230.+ -. 7.75) μm);
FIG. 15 is a Xishi tongue creeping larvae ((263.+ -. 8.96) μm× (249.+ -. 7.42) μm);
FIG. 16 shows juvenile mollusks ((509.+ -. 44.21) μm× (443.+ -. 39.97) μm) in the single stage of the western tongue;
FIG. 17 shows juvenile mollusks ((750.+ -. 50.86) μm× (660.+ -. 45.32) μm) in the double water line stage of the Xishi tongue;
FIG. 18 shows the culture of seedlings (juveniles, (2.15.+ -. 0.07) cm× (2.04.+ -. 0.03) cm) in the Xishi tongue;
figure 19 is the shell length and shell height of the hiking larvae of the cissing tongue at different ages;
fig. 20 shows shell length and shell height of young spatulas of different ages.
Wherein: ovaries; TE, spermary; CF: a bar-shaped foot; OP: a water outlet pipe; IP: and a water inlet pipe.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present invention. The specification and examples of the present invention are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
EXAMPLE 1 artificial propagation of the Xishi tongue
(1) Selection and treatment of parent shellfish
Collecting the western tongue of 3-4 years old in the Shanjiang- xu wen sea area of the overseas Harbour seaarea after the new bang in 2023, sampling and observing the gonad development condition of parent seas, selecting healthy individuals with strong bodies and shell non-invasive as parent seas, wherein the shell length is 110.81 +/-4.79 cm, the shell height is 83+/-2.35 cm, and the weight is 186.21 +/-9.07 g (figure 1), transporting to a mussel seedling farm of the Zhejia Zhenjia, immediately checking and transporting to cause the damage condition of the western tongue, and removing the damaged parent seas. Because of the large amount of sediment stored on the surface of the shell and the outer cavity of the parent shell which is just caught, the parent shell is placed in a water tank, the surface of the shell is cleaned, the parent shell naturally discharges sediment in the body in water, and water is changed once every 30 minutes until the parent shell completely discharges sediment in the body.
(2) Induced spawning and hatching of parent shellfish
The double shells are tightly closed when the spatulate parent shellfish is exposed to the air, the color of the gonad is difficult to observe, the male and female parent shellfish is difficult to distinguish from the appearance, the spawning is induced by mixing male and female individuals, and the female and female individuals are dried in the shade and the running water stimulates the parent shellfish to discharge sperm eggs. Firstly drying in the shade for 3-4h (figure 2), placing parent shellfish in a plastic basket (specification of 26cm multiplied by 19cm multiplied by 8 cm), then hanging the plastic basket with parent shellfish in 4 seedling raising ponds of 2.8m multiplied by 8m multiplied by 1.8m (practical water depth of 1.6 m), hanging at 20cm below the water surface, stimulating with a submerged pump and increased aeration running water for 0.5-1h (figure 3), discharging fine eggs from parent shellfish, taking out female parent shellfish when the density of eggs reaches 8-10 eggs/ml, and placing in other ponds for continuous discharge. When the emission of the parent shellfish is performed, the sperm density is controlled, the emission of the male shellfish is performed in a smoke shape, and when a plurality of male shellfish are found to be simultaneously emitted, part of the male shellfish can be properly taken out and placed in other water tanks to be continuously emitted, so that the excessive number of sperm is avoided. The fertilized eggs of the Xishi tongue have the diameter of 50-60 mu m, and are smaller and difficult to wash, so that embryos are hatched in an original pool after fertilization is finished, the eggs are not washed, penicillin 1ppm is applied in pool water, and bacteria reproduction in the pool water is inhibited. The water temperature during incubation is 25.5-26.5 ℃, the salinity is 27-28, the pH is 7.9-8.1, the continuous aeration of the micro-wave is kept, and EDTA-2Na 5ppm is applied in the pond water. And after the spawning induction and incubation are finished, counting the total egg mass, the fertility rate and the incubation rate.
(3) Cultivation and attachment of larvae
The western tongue embryo develops to the initial stage of the glossodes planatus (D-type larva) (figure 4) and begins to select, the upper layer D-type larva is dragged by using a 350-mesh bolting silk net, or the upper layer D-type larva is selected by a siphoning method, and the rest D-type larva is continuously cultivated in a primordial pool, and the selecting operation is continuously completed for 3 times. The selected larvae are placed in a seedling raising pond with the specification of 2.8X8X1.8m 3 (practical water depth of 1.6 m), and the larva raising density is 2-3/ml.
During larva cultivation, natural water temperature variation range is 25.5-27.5 ℃, salinity is 27-28, pH is 7.9-8.1, the continuous aeration of micro-wave is maintained, the shrimp pool algae is fed every day, the concentrated chlorella (algae paste) is added, and the feeding density ratio is as follows: shrimp pond algae: the concentration of the chlorella=10:1, the feeding amount is 1×10 4-2×104 cells/ml each time in the morning and evening, the light algae color of pool water is maintained, and the water color becomes clear after 2 hours of feeding, so that the larvae can be considered to feed normally. The larva cultivation period adopts a closed seedling mode, no water is changed and the pond is not reversed in the whole course, and 10-20ppm of photosynthetic bacteria are fed in proper amounts every other day). During the cultivation of the larvae, the growth (shell length, shell height) and density of the larvae are measured every day, the ingestion and health condition of the larvae and the quality condition of baits are checked, environmental indexes such as water temperature, salinity and the like are monitored, and photosynthetic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria are properly applied once every other day.
When the eyespot and balance capsule of the larva appear, feet start to form, the larvae are marked to enter the settlement stage, the eyespot of the Xishi tongue larva is arranged at the back of the foot ganglion and at the two sides of the foot base, the eyespot is clearly visible when the larva stretches and crawls under an optical microscope, and the larva starts to collect seedlings when the eyespot is observed to reach 30%. The seedling picking is carried out by adopting an adhesion plate and pool bottom adhesion mode, wherein the adhesion plate is a black plastic plate with the specification of 30cm multiplied by 30cm,10 plates are connected in series, the layer spacing is 12cm, and no substrate (no substrate) is paved at the pool bottom.
(4) Cultivation of young shellfish and pond
The initial juvenile mollusks with metamorphosis are attached, the shells are colorless and transparent, the water outlet pipe is in a film shape, the foot stick shape can secrete foot threads, the foot threads are clearly visible on the black attaching plate (figure 5), the newly attached juvenile mollusks and the foot threads are fragile, the attaching plate is not touched and lifted off the water surface at will, and when the juvenile mollusks are inflated, the air stones avoid the attaching plate as much as possible, so that the juvenile mollusks are prevented from being separated from the plate due to external interference. After the young shellfish in the initial metamorphosis stage is attached for 7-10 days, the young shellfish starts to be detached successively, and the young shellfish enters the life of the pool bottom.
The young shellfish is cultivated in a mode of 'closed seedling culture without substrate', no water is changed in the whole process, no pool is poured, and no substrate is paved at the bottom of the pool. The young shellfish culture water temperature is 26.5-28 ℃, the salinity is 27-28, the pH is 7.9-8.1, the continuous aeration of the micro-wave is kept, the shrimp pool algae is fed every day, the concentrated chlorella (algae paste) is added, and the feeding density ratio is as follows: shrimp pond algae: the concentration of the chlorella=10:1, the feeding amount is 2×10 4-3×104 cells/ml each time in the morning and evening, the water color is observed after 2 hours of feeding, and the clear water color shows that the feeding of the young shellfish is normal. Siphoning young shellfish at the bottom of the pond every day, checking ingestion, growth and health condition of young shellfish, checking quality condition of bait, monitoring environmental indexes such as water temperature, salinity and the like, and applying photosynthetic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria (10-20 ppm) once every other day. After the young shellfish is cultivated for about 25 days, the young shellfish can be taken out of the pool after the average shell length of the young shellfish reaches more than 2mm (figure 6), young shellfish seedlings are screened into two specifications by a 20-mesh bolting silk net, and the intermediate cultivation of the seedlings is carried out according to different specifications. After the young shellfish leaves the pool, counting the number of young shellfish and the survival rate of the young shellfish.
(5) Intermediate cultivation of young shellfish and lower sea
Intermediate cultivation of the Xishi tongue, namely, the process of cultivating young shellfish (the shell length is not less than 2 mm) from a pond to young shellfish with the shell length exceeding 2cm in an indoor seedling raising pond.
The intermediate cultivation uses 20 cement ponds (specification is 2.8X1.8m 3), the cultivation density is 1.3 grains/cm 2, and the number of young shellfish seedlings in each pond is about 30 ten thousand grains. The mode of 'no substrate closed seedling' is adopted during the middle cultivation, no water is changed in the whole process, no pool is fallen down, and no substrate is paved at the bottom of the pool. Natural water temperature variation range is 27.5-29.7 ℃, salinity is 26-28, pH is 7.9-8.1, the continuous aeration of micro-wave is kept, the shrimp pool algae is fed every day, the concentrated chlorella (algae paste) is added, and the feeding density ratio is: shrimp pond algae: concentration of chlorella=10:1, once in the morning and evening, feeding amount is 5×10 4-10×104 cells/ml each time. The ingestion, growth and health condition of the spat are checked every day, environmental indexes such as water temperature, salinity and the like are monitored, the quality condition of the bait is checked, and photosynthetic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria (10-20 ppm) are applied once every other day. After the young shellfish coming out of the pond is cultivated for about 45 days, the average shell length reaches more than 2cm, and the young shellfish can come out of the pond and go into the sea, and the intermediate cultivation stage is completed. Counting the number of seedlings before the middle culture seedlings (young shellfish) are discharged from the pond are put down in the sea, and calculating the survival rate of the middle culture.
Index determination of the embodiment of the invention:
Fertilization rate and hatching rate determination: the fertilized egg is marked by the appearance of fertilized membrane around egg cells and polar body below fertilized membrane, and hatching refers to the process of fertilized egg forming initial larvae (D-shaped larvae) through cleavage and embryo development. 3 nursery ponds were randomly selected, 3 spots were sampled in each nursery pond (3 spots were mixed into 1 sample), and the fertility rate and the hatchability were determined by the visual field method, respectively, and expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n=3), i.e., fertility rate=fertilized egg/total egg number×100%, hatchability=d-shaped larva/fertilized egg×100%.
Measurement of larval shell length and shell height growth: the shell length refers to the maximum distance between the front end and the rear end of the shell, and the shell height refers to the maximum distance from the top of the shell to the abdomen.
Growth rate measurement: the growth rate was calculated by measuring the shell length and shell height of 30 larvae at a time, expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n=0), i.e. growth rate = (current larval length-initial larval length)/time.
Larval survival rate determination: larval viability is the percentage of existing larval density to initial larval density, 3 nursery ponds are randomly selected, 3 spots are sampled in each nursery pond (3 spots of samples are mixed into 1 sample), i.e. viability = existing larval density/initial larval density x 100%, expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3).
Measurement and data statistics of juvenile shell length and shell height growth are equivalent to larvae.
And (5) measuring the survival rate of young shellfish: the survival rate of young shellfish is the percentage of the number of young shellfish in the pond and D-shaped larvae, 3 seedling raising ponds are randomly selected, the number of young shellfish in the pond and the number of D-shaped larvae are counted, the survival rate of young shellfish is expressed as mean value + -standard deviation (n=3), and the survival rate of young shellfish is Chi Zhibei/D-shaped larvae multiplied by 100%.
Medium culture survival rate: the survival rate of medium culture is the percentage of the number of the young shellfish cultivated in the middle and the number of young shellfish coming out of the pool, the statistics of the survival rate of medium culture is the same as that of the young shellfish, and the survival rate of medium culture is =young shellfish/young shellfish coming out of the pool multiplied by 100%.
The induction, fertilization and hatching effects of the embodiment 1 of the invention are as follows:
The development of the gonads of the Xishi tongue is sampled 15 parent seas, and anatomical observation shows that the development of the gonads of the Xishi tongue reaches 73 percent of individuals in the mature period, the Xishi tongue can be identified as a male and female variant by naked eyes, the female gonads are milky white (figure 7), the male gonads are beige (figure 8), the gonads are distributed in gaps between two sides of viscera and striated muscles at the base of the gastropod, dendritic bifurcation is formed, the gonads of each branch are like a series of grapes, and the tail ends of the grapes swell to form follicles. The damage to parent shellfish caused by transportation from the picking and catching site to the seedling raising field is small, and the transportation survival rate reaches 96%. And in combination with the stimulation of the dry running water, the healthy parent shellfish is induced to discharge sperms and egg.
The parent shellfish of the embodiment 1 of the invention has the effects of induced spawning and hatching:
As shown in Table 1, the total egg mass was 4536.99 thousands of fertilized eggs, and the fertilization rate reached 87.01.+ -. 2.57%, and 3947.63 thousands of fertilized eggs were obtained in total. Under the condition of water temperature of 25.5-26.5 ℃, the fertilized eggs of the Xishi tongue develop to initial larvae of the face plate (D larvae, figure 4) through embryo development stage (figures 9-11), the hatching time is 20-22h, the hatching rate reaches 91.99+/-3.46%, and 3631.41 ten thousand larvae of D larvae are obtained.
TABLE 1 Induction, fertilization and hatching Effect of Xishi tongue
Cultivation and seedling picking effects of planktonic larvae in embodiment 1 of the invention:
Under the condition of natural water temperature variation range of 25.5-27.5 ℃, adopting a closed seedling raising mode to cultivate planktonic larvae, wherein the growth of planktonic larvae with shell length and shell height is shown in figure 1, the growth speed of larva shells is 9.92+/-0.26 mu m/d, and the growth speed of shells with high growth speed is 10.19+/-0.41 mu m/d. The survival rate of planktonic larvae is 84.26 +/-3.78 percent. After 12-17 days, the planktonic larvae develop and pass through initial larvae of the top of the shell (figure 12), middle larvae of the top of the shell (figure 13), later larvae of the top of the shell (figure 14) and creeping larvae (figure 15) in turn, enter an adhesion metamorphosis period (figure 5), and the Xishi larvae complete adhesion metamorphosis to form initial larvae, and the larvae reach (279+/-14.25) mu m× (257+/-11.73) mu m.
The cultivation effect of juvenile mollusks of the embodiment 1 of the invention is as follows:
The development of juvenile mollusks at natural water temperature 26.5-28 ℃ passed through juvenile mollusks in single water pipe stage (shell length x shell height, (509± 44.21) μm× (443±39.97) μm, fig. 16) and juvenile mollusks in double water pipe stage (shell length x shell height, (750± 50.86) μm× (660±45.32) μm, fig. 17). The growth of young shellfish is shown in FIG. 2, the growth rate of young shellfish is 101.33+ -5.36 μm/d, and the growth rate of shell is 96.37+ -4.47 μm/d. Starting from the initial young shellfish, after 30 days of cultivation, 617.34 ten thousand young shellfish were accumulated in the pool with a shell length of 3.26.+ -. 0.12mm and a shell height of 3.10.+ -. 0.09mm (FIG. 6), and the survival rate of young shellfish was 17.00.+ -. 1.93% (Table 2).
TABLE 2 cultivation Effect of Xishi tongue young shellfish
The intermediate cultivation effect of the embodiment 1 of the invention:
Culturing young shellfish at natural water temperature range of 27.5-29.7deg.C for about 45 days to obtain 257.99 ten thousand grains (figure 18) of middle culture seedling (young shellfish) with shell length of 2.15+ -0.07 cm and shell height of 2.04+ -0.03 cm, wherein the survival rate of middle culture is 41.79 + -2.51%.
Figure 19 is a shell length and shell height of planktonic larvae of different ages; FIG. 20 shows shell length and shell height for young shellfish of different ages.
The sex of the western tongue belongs to male and female variants, the female gonad is milky white, and the male is beige. The gonads are distributed in the gaps between the two sides of viscera and the striated muscle at the base of the gastropod, are branched in a dendritic shape, and the tail ends of the gonads expand to form follicles. The western tongue is susceptible to sperm shellfish, and the fertilized egg can be obtained by the time phase development of the chromosome of the egg cell to the initial oocyte, so that the fertilized egg can be artificially fertilized by both an anatomical method and an induction method. The gonad histology observation of Zhanjiang Xishi tongue shows that gonad development is in the growing period and the mature period, namely 4-7-9-10-7 months, so that the propagation season of Zhanjiang Xishi tongue is spring and autumn. According to the invention, artificial breeding of the Xishi tongue in spring is carried out, the Xishi tongue parent shellfish is collected in the Zhanjiang xu wen sea area at the beginning of 4 months, the development condition of the Xishi tongue gonad is observed through dissection, the individual of the parent shellfish gonad development to the mature stage reaches 73%, the propagation period of the Xishi tongue in Zhanjiang coast is 1 month earlier than that of Fujian coast, and 2 months earlier than that of Shandong coast. The water temperature for normal temperature seedling raising in Zhanjiang coast in 7 months is often 30 ℃ or even exceeds 30 ℃ each year, and the high temperature becomes a main cause of failure of artificial seedling raising, so artificial seedling raising in Zhanjiang coast Xishi tongue is preferably carried out in 4 months, and the seedling raising is preferably completed before the high temperature of 7 months comes. Although artificial fertilization can be realized through an anatomical method to obtain fertilized eggs, a large number of parent shells are lost, and from the viewpoint of western tongue resource protection, the invention adopts an induced spawning method, namely, the total egg amount 4536.99 thousands of eggs of the western tongue are collected by combining with shade drying-running water stimulation, the average fertilization rate is 87.01%, and the 3947.63 thousands of fertilized eggs are obtained. Under the condition of water temperature of 25.5-26.5 ℃, the western tongue embryo develops, from fertilization, through the cleavage stage, blastula stage and basilar larva stage, the western tongue embryo develops to D-shaped larva for about 20-22 hours, and the average hatching rate reaches 91.99%, so as to obtain 3631.41 ten thousand grains of D-shaped larva. After the parent shellfish is first induced spawning, the parent shellfish is further induced spawning, after 15 days of induced spawning, the parent shellfish is subjected to second induced spawning, although fertilization and hatching are normal, in the planktonic larva stage, the larva specification difference is obvious, the death rate is high, the second artificial breeding after the parent shellfish is induced spawning is unsuccessful, the quality of the sperm eggs obtained by the second induced spawning is possibly poor, and the application of the gonad of the western tongue in the production of offspring seed for multiple maturation and multiple spawning needs to be further studied. According to the invention, the artificial hatching of the first batch of eggs of the Xishi tongue obtained by the induction method is successful, and from the scale production angle of the Xishi tongue offspring seeds, the first batch of eggs are recommended to be collected, so that high-quality sperm egg cells can be obtained.
In the past traditional artificial culture of bivalve shellfish, the culture of unicellular algae bait organisms is generally carried out in coastal, the work becomes an important part of the culture work, 3-5 unicellular algae baits such as golden algae, chaetoceros, flat algae, chlorella, pavlova and the like are generally cultured in production, and the successful culture of the unicellular algae baits provides reliable guarantee for the large-scale production of various bivalve shellfish. However, in recent years, the artificial breeding of Zhanjiang coastal shellfish starts to be commonly used, and the shrimp pool algae is supplemented with the algae paste prepared by chlorella, so that the change of the bait organism culture work saves a great deal of cost for the artificial breeding of shellfish, including manpower, places, hydropower and the like. In the past, the bait culture of the unicellular algae requires 1 technician and 2-3 workers on manpower, and the bait culture comprises seed conservation (primary culture), algae seed expansion culture (secondary culture) and productive unicellular algae culture (tertiary culture) which occupy about 20 percent of the space of a seedling raising field. In addition, zhanjiang coast enters a high-temperature season in the middle and late 5 months each year, the difficulty of seed conservation, expanding cultivation and productive cultivation of baits is increased, and phenomena of bait pollution, death and the like often occur, so that the mass production of shellfish offspring seeds is difficult to meet. The Zhanjiang prawn industry is developed, rich prawn pond resources exist along the periphery of the shellfish seedling field, and in the prawn culture process, residual baits in the prawn pond and excrement excreted by the prawns are easy to cause mass propagation of phytoplankton in the prawn pond, and are not influenced by high temperature, so that rich prawn pond algae are formed.
The algae paste prepared from the fresh chlorella enters a commercial production mode, the algae paste is purchased locally, the algae paste is frozen and stored in a refrigerator (the shelf life is 1 year), the use of the algae paste is convenient, excessive algae liquid is prevented from entering Bei Miaochi, and sufficient baits can be provided for the cultivation of the young shellfish particularly in the young shellfish and medium culture process.
The western tongue is a typical buried living shellfish, and similar to other buried living shellfish, a short attachment life is started by secreting podites to attach to the foreign object before entering the buried living shellfish. In the past researches, researchers usually adopt sand trays or pond bottoms to spread sand as an adhesion matrix to collect seedlings, so that a good seedling collecting effect is obtained, and plastic plates are used as the adhesion matrix to collect seedlings, so that the preliminary experiments of using plastic plates as the western tongue adhesion matrix for picking seedlings, such as Chen Suwen, prove that the plastic plate seedling collecting effect is better than the sand-paved seedling collecting effect, and the researches further find that the plastic plate seedling collecting is unfavorable for the later growth of the juvenile mollusks of the western tongue, and consider that the reason of high later death rate is that the attached seedlings are large and the water changing amount is small.
The invention adopts a mode of 'attaching plate + pool bottom' for carrying out productive seedling picking on the Xishi tongue, wherein the attaching plate is a black plastic plate (figure 5) commonly used for pearls Bei Caimiao, the pool bottom attaching seedling is a seedling picking method that fine sand is not paved on the pool bottom, and larvae in the attaching stage of the Xishi tongue are directly attached to the pool bottom. The research shows that after 7-10 days of attachment life, the Xishi tongue attachment larvae start to break away from the attachment matrix and enter the pool bottom for life, and as fine sand is not paved on the pool bottom, the larvae freely creeping and sliding movement on the pool bottom by means of the gastropods. In traditional spat seedling raising, young shellfish is cultivated in a sand tray or pool bottom sanding mode, along with the growth of individuals of spat young shellfish, the feeding amount is continuously increased to meet the feeding of young shellfish, excrement (feces and mucus) of young shellfish, residual bait, other organic matters in water and the like are continuously deposited and spoiled in a sand layer along with the extension of time, the inside of the sand layer is blackened and generates hydrogen sulfide odor, the substrate is deteriorated, the young shellfish cannot adapt to life in the bottom to drill out sand surfaces, and even cause mass death of young shellfish, the adopted measures are usually periodic bottom washing, and new sand is thoroughly replaced before the substrate is deteriorated. The invention adopts the mode of 'attaching plate + pool bottom', which not only reduces the accumulation of harmful substances in the seedling raising pool, but also avoids the damage of flushing and bottom replacement to the seedlings, and the invention obtains better effect by research, the average survival rate of young shellfish is 17.00%, 617.34 ten thousand seedlings in the pool are obtained, the average survival rate of middle culture is 41.79%, and 257.99 ten thousand seedlings in the Xishi tongue are obtained.
In the cultivation of bivalve larvae and juvenile mollusks, the maintenance of the stability of a water ecological system of a seedling pool is a key to the success of seedling. In the traditional shellfish raising, the planktonic larva raising stage usually adopts a mode of changing water 1-2 times a day, changing water 1/3-1/2 each time, and pouring the water once in 5-7 days, and in the juvenile mollusc raising stage, along with the continuous increase of the ingestion amount of juvenile mollusc, the juvenile mollusc excrement is continuously increased, and a mode of changing large water (changing new water in the whole pond every day) and running water raising is usually adopted, so that good water quality is kept. In recent years, a "closed seedling raising" mode, i.e., a mode of raising seedlings in one pond by water, is increasingly used. In the bivalve shellfish seedling raising process, water is easy to cause stress death of shellfish seedlings, so that seedling raising fails, and 'closed seedling raising' is to prevent water from changing and falling into a pool in the whole seedling raising process, and the microbial ecological agents such as photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and the like are used for adjusting water quality, keeping the ecological balance of pool water microorganisms and promoting healthy growth of shellfish seedlings.
The water changing, pool pouring and running water cultivation method is still adopted in the bivalve shellfish seedling cultivation in the north coast, so that a good seedling cultivation effect is achieved, high-density artificial seedling cultivation can be carried out, the larva cultivation density can reach 10-20/ml, however, in the south coast, the success rate of water changing and seedling cultivation is very low, and the water changing and seedling cultivation is possibly related to the difference of water quality caused by climate in the south and the north, especially temperature. The invention adopts a 'closed seedling culture' mode to cultivate the Xishi tongue from planktonic larvae to young shellfish, and obtains better seedling culture effect. The 'closed seedling culture' of the invention is not suitable for high-density seedling culture, and the larva culture density is preferably 2-3/ml.
The invention takes the Xishi tongue of 3-4 years old collected in Zhanjiang xu wen sea area as parent shellfish, and the parent shellfish is induced to discharge sperm eggs through the stimulation of shade drying and running water. The shrimp pool algae is used as planktonic larvae, juvenile mollusks and juvenile Bei Erliao, and the concentrated chlorella (algae extract) is used as auxiliary materials. The cultivation of planktonic larvae and juvenile mollusks is carried out by adopting a closed seedling raising mode, the seedling picking is carried out by adopting an 'attaching plate and pool bottom' attaching mode, and the juvenile mollusks are cultivated by adopting a 'closed seedling raising' mode. The result shows that the parent shellfish is induced, fertilized and hatched to obtain 4536.99 thousands of fertilized eggs, the fertilization rate reaches 87.01 +/-2.57%, and the fertilized eggs 3947.63 thousands of eggs are obtained. The water temperature is 25.5-26.5 ℃, the fertilized eggs of the western tongue develop to initial larvae (D-shaped larvae) through embryo development stage after 20-22h, 3631.41 thousands of D-shaped larvae are obtained, and the hatching rate reaches 91.99+/-3.46%. The water temperature is 25.5-27.5 ℃, the growth speed of the planktonic larva shells is 9.92+/-0.26 mu m/d, the growth speed of the shells is 10.19+/-0.41 mu m/d, and the survival rate of planktonic larva shells is 84.26 +/-3.78%. After 12-17d, planktonic larvae complete the attachment metamorphosis to form the initial juvenile mollusks. The young shellfish develop through single-water-pipe-period young shellfish (509+/-44.21) mu m x (443+/-39.97) mu m and double-water-pipe-period young shellfish (750+/-50.86) mu m x (660+/-45.32) mu m, the growth speed of young shellfish at the water temperature of 26.5-28 ℃ is 101.33+/-5.36 mu m/d, and the growth speed of shell height is 96.37+/-4.47 mu m/d. Starting from the initial young shellfish, culturing for 30d to obtain 617.34 ten thousand young shellfish with the survival rate of 17.00+/-1.93% and the young shellfish of (3.26+/-0.12) mm× (3.10+/-0.09) mm. Culturing young shellfish at 27.5-29.7deg.C for 45d to obtain 257.99 ten thousand seedlings (young shellfish) with a length of (2.15+ -0.07) cm (2.04+ -0.03) cm, and culturing to obtain culture survival rate of 41.79 + -2.51%.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the shrimp pond algae bait in artificial breeding of the western tongue.
2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the shrimp pool algae are supplemented with concentrated chlorella as bait for planktonic larvae, larvae and juveniles.
3. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that the bait has a feed density ratio of: shrimp pond algae: chlorella vulgaris=10:1.
4. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that the bait is fed daily during the cultivation of planktonic larvae, once a day, each time in the morning and evening, in an amount of 1 x 10 4-2×104 cells/ml per feeding; feeding the baits every day during the cultivation of young shellfish, wherein the feeding amount is 2X 10 4-3×104 cells/ml each time; feeding the baits every day from young shellfish to young shellfish cultivation, wherein the feeding amount is 5X 10 4-10×104 cells/ml each time, and each time is once in the morning and evening.
5. The application according to claim 2, wherein the application process comprises the steps of: the method comprises the steps of adopting running water to stimulate and induce parent shellfish to discharge sperm eggs, and using the shrimp pool algae and the concentrated chlorella as the baits of planktonic larvae, juvenile shellfish and juvenile shellfish; culturing planktonic larvae to juvenile mollusks by adopting a closed seedling culture mode, and picking seedlings by adopting an attaching plate and pool bottom attaching mode; culturing young shellfish to young shellfish by adopting a bottomless closed seedling culture mode;
The closed seedling raising mode is characterized in that water is not changed and a pool is not fallen down during the cultivation period;
the substrate-free closed seedling raising mode is characterized in that water is not changed during the cultivation period, a pool is not fallen down, and a substrate is not paved at the bottom of the pool.
6. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that on the basis of the shrimp pool algae supplemented with concentrated chlorella as feed for planktonic larvae, larvae and larvae, and larvae Bei Siwei photosynthetic or nitrifying bacteria; the concentration of photosynthetic bacteria or nitrifying bacteria in the culture water body is 10-20ppm.
7. The use according to claim 5, wherein the parent is a 3-4 year old xishi tongue; seedling collection is carried out in the settlement metamorphosis period.
8. The use according to claim 1, wherein the western tongue is a Zhanjiang coastal western tongue.
9. The use according to claim 5, wherein the temperature of water is controlled between 25.5 and 26.5 ℃, the salinity is controlled between 27 and 28, and the pH is controlled between 7.9 and 8.1 during incubation of fertilized eggs; controlling the water temperature to be 25.5-27.5 ℃ and the salinity to be 27-28 and the pH to be 7.9-8.1 during the cultivation of planktonic larvae; controlling the water temperature at 26.5-28 ℃ during the cultivation of young shellfish, the salinity at 27-28 and the pH at 7.9-8.1; controlling water temperature at 27.5-29.7deg.C, salinity at 26-28, and pH at 7.9-8.1 during the period from young shellfish to young shellfish.
10. The use according to claim 1, wherein the artificial breeding season is spring and autumn.
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| CN114600806A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-06-10 | 广东海洋大学 | Ripening promoting method for cultivating Xishi lingual parent shellfish by using pond algae |
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| US5692455A (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 1997-12-02 | University Of Hawaii | Fluidized bed production of oysters and other filter feeding bivalve mollusks using shrimp pond water |
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