CN117848848A - Discrete tunnel mold-melting excavation method for model test - Google Patents
Discrete tunnel mold-melting excavation method for model test Download PDFInfo
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- CN117848848A CN117848848A CN202410010034.2A CN202410010034A CN117848848A CN 117848848 A CN117848848 A CN 117848848A CN 202410010034 A CN202410010034 A CN 202410010034A CN 117848848 A CN117848848 A CN 117848848A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
- B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
- B29C67/241—Moulding wax
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0298—Manufacturing or preparing specimens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Remote Sensing (AREA)
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- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a bulk tunnel fused mould excavation method for a model test, which comprises the following steps: calculating the quality of the paraffin wax; melting paraffin, pouring the melted paraffin into a tunnel mold, and arranging heating resistance wires in the melted paraffin; removing the tunnel mould and taking out the solidified paraffin; calculating the quality of the required surrounding rock material, and preparing the surrounding rock according to the surrounding rock material; placing the solidified paraffin at a designated position in the surrounding rock; and melting the solidified paraffin by using a heating resistance wire, and monitoring and recording deformation and damage conditions of surrounding rocks. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the bulk tunnel fused mould excavation method in the prior art is optimized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel model tests, in particular to a bulk tunnel fused model excavation method for a model test.
Background
The demand for infrastructure such as traffic tunnels is increasing. Because the tunnel is built underground, a series of engineering geological disasters, such as water and mud bursting, surrounding rock collapse, ground collapse and the like, can be caused by geological action and artificial engineering activities, so that huge casualties and property loss are caused. At present, research on tunnel theory at home and abroad is mature, but a plurality of practical problems still exist in truly combining with the actual tunnel condition on site, so that a certain deficiency exists in pure theoretical research.
Tunnel model testing is an important means of studying tunnel science. The model test has the advantages of high reduction degree, high measurement precision, strong operability and the like, and is widely used for researching the time-space evolution rule of the deformation of the urban deep-buried subway tunnel under the action of external load. However, how to form a tunnel with a target shape and size in the model test process is a difficult problem for experimenters, and especially for tunnels with bulk media such as tillite, gravelly soil and coarse-grained soil, the ordinary excavation method is easy to cause surrounding rock disturbance and further cause tunnel collapse, so that the development of the bulk tunnel excavation method which is simple to operate, reliable in technology and good in effect and is suitable for geomechanical model tests is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a bulk tunnel mold-melting excavation method for a model test, which is used for optimizing the bulk tunnel mold-melting excavation method in the prior art.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a bulk tunnel fused mould excavation method for a model test, which comprises the following steps: calculating the quality of the paraffin wax; melting paraffin, pouring the melted paraffin into a tunnel mold, and arranging heating resistance wires in the melted paraffin; removing the tunnel mould and taking out the solidified paraffin; calculating the quality of the required surrounding rock material, and preparing the surrounding rock according to the surrounding rock material; placing the solidified paraffin at a designated position in the surrounding rock; and melting the solidified paraffin by using a heating resistance wire, and monitoring and recording deformation and damage conditions of surrounding rocks.
Further, laying the heating resistance wire in the melted paraffin comprises:
the number of the heating resistance wires is multiple, and the distance between two adjacent heating resistance wires is 10cm to 20cm.
Further, preparing the surrounding rock from the surrounding rock material includes:
surrounding rock includes plain rock formations and discrete rock formations;
mixing the surrounding rock materials into a common stratum and a discrete stratum, uniformly stirring, and pouring into a model box;
the plain strata and the discrete strata are hammered to the design compactness.
Further, hammering the normal formation and the discrete rock formation comprises:
the thickness of each hammering by using the rammer is 5-10cm.
Further, monitoring and recording deformation damage conditions of the surrounding rock comprises:
during the paraffin melting process of the heating resistance wire, displacement and strain indexes of the surrounding rock are measured and recorded through the sensor assembly.
Further, the sensor assembly comprises a soil pressure box, an accelerometer, a grating strain gauge and a displacement meter, wherein the soil pressure box is used for measuring the internal stress of surrounding rock; the accelerometer is used for measuring acceleration of the surrounding rock; the grating strain gauge is used for measuring the strain of the surrounding rock surface; the displacement meter is used for measuring the displacement of the surrounding rock.
Further, melting the paraffin wax includes:
the paraffin is placed in a heating pot, and the electromagnetic oven is utilized to completely melt the paraffin.
Further, calculating the required mass of paraffin wax includes:
the required paraffin mass was calculated from the space volume of the tunnel and paraffin density and weighed 1.3 times the required paraffin mass.
Further, calculating the required mass of surrounding rock material includes:
and calculating the quality of the required surrounding rock material according to the size and density of the surrounding rock of the tunnel.
Further, the tunnel mould comprises a first mould and a second mould, the first mould is connected with the second mould through a fastener, a containing cavity is formed after the first mould is connected with the second mould, and the containing cavity is used for containing melted paraffin.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the invention provides a bulk tunnel fused mould excavation method for a model test, which comprises the following steps: calculating the quality of the paraffin wax; melting paraffin, pouring the melted paraffin into a tunnel mold, and arranging heating resistance wires in the melted paraffin; removing the tunnel mould and taking out the solidified paraffin; calculating the quality of the required surrounding rock material, and preparing the surrounding rock according to the surrounding rock material; placing the solidified paraffin at a designated position in the surrounding rock; and melting the solidified paraffin by using a heating resistance wire, and monitoring and recording deformation and damage conditions of surrounding rocks. By adopting the scheme, the paraffin with the same shape as the tunnel is prefabricated to replace the excavated body, and the heating resistance wire is embedded in the paraffin in advance; embedding paraffin into the corresponding position of the tunnel in the test process; when the tunnel is required to be excavated, the heating resistance wire is electrified to melt paraffin so as to finish the tunnel excavation. The bulk tunnel fused mould excavation method can optimize the existing mechanical excavation method, so that the aims of improving the precision and success rate of model tests are achieved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a bulk tunnel fusion excavation method for model test provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a tunnel mold provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a side view of the tunnel mold of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of the structure of the solidified paraffin wax of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a surrounding rock and paraffin wax provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the above figures include the following reference numerals:
10. paraffin wax;
20. a tunnel mold; 21. a first mold; 22. a second mold;
30. surrounding rock;
40. the resistance wire is heated.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a bulk tunnel fusion excavation method for model test, including:
calculating the required mass of the paraffin 10;
melting the paraffin 10, pouring the melted paraffin 10 into the tunnel mold 20, and arranging a heating resistance wire 40 in the melted paraffin 10;
removing the tunnel mould 20 and taking out the solidified paraffin 10;
calculating the mass of the required surrounding rock material, and preparing the surrounding rock 30 according to the surrounding rock material;
placing the solidified paraffin 10 at a designated location within the surrounding rock 30;
the solidified paraffin 10 is melted by the heating resistance wire 40, and deformation damage of the surrounding rock 30 is monitored and recorded.
By adopting the scheme, the paraffin 10 with the same shape as the tunnel is prefabricated to replace the excavated body, and the heating resistance wire 40 is embedded in the paraffin 10 in advance; embedding paraffin 10 into the corresponding position of the tunnel in the test process; when tunnel excavation is required, the heating resistance wire 40 is electrified to melt the paraffin 10 to complete tunnel excavation. The bulk tunnel fused mould excavation method can optimize the existing mechanical excavation method, so that the aims of improving the precision and success rate of model tests are achieved.
In this embodiment, the tunnel mold 20 is made of a light steel material having a wall thickness of 1cm, and the steel material has the advantages of light weight, good thermal stability, and the like. Taking an arched tunnel as an example, the tunnel mold 20 is composed of a first mold 21 and a second mold 22, wherein the first mold 21 and the second mold 22 are fixed by fastening bolts; when the tunnel filling body is required to be manufactured, the bolts of the tunnel mold 20 are screwed to form an inner space in the shape of a tunnel; pouring the melted liquid paraffin 10 into the tunnel mold 20, removing the bolts after the paraffin 10 is cooled, separating the first mold 21 and the second mold 22 of the tunnel mold 20, and taking out the manufactured tunnel paraffin 10 model.
In this embodiment, the arrangement of the heating resistance wire 40 in the melted paraffin 10 includes:
the number of the heating resistance wires 40 is plural, and the distance between two adjacent heating resistance wires 40 is 10cm to 20cm.
By adopting the arrangement mode, the distance between two adjacent heating resistance wires 40 is set to be 10-20cm, so that the paraffin 10 can be melted rapidly, and the test efficiency is improved.
Specifically, preparing the surrounding rock 30 from the surrounding rock material includes:
surrounding rock 30 includes both plain and discrete formations;
mixing the surrounding rock materials into a common stratum and a discrete stratum, uniformly stirring, and pouring into a model box;
the plain strata and the discrete strata are hammered to the design compactness.
By the arrangement, the common rock stratum and the discrete rock stratum which are formed by mixing surrounding rock materials can be uniformly stirred and poured into a model box to prepare the common rock stratum and the discrete rock stratum; the plain, discrete rock formations are then hammered to a design compaction to achieve the actual desired strength.
It should be noted that: conventional formations are typically made of lime, gypsum, river sand, and water mixed, and discrete formations are typically made of lime, graded gravel, river sand, and water mixed in proportions determined by prior strength tests.
Wherein hammering the normal rock formation and the discrete rock formation comprises:
the thickness of each hammering by using the rammer is 5-10cm.
In the scheme, the rammer can be used for ramming the normal rock stratum and the discrete rock stratum with the thickness of 5-10cm each time, so that the normal rock stratum and the discrete rock stratum can be fully mixed, and layering is more rammed.
Specifically, monitoring and recording deformation damage to the surrounding rock 30 includes:
during melting of paraffin 10 by heating resistance wire 40, displacement and strain indicators of surrounding rock 30 are measured and recorded by the sensor assembly.
In this embodiment, the sensor assembly is used to measure and record the displacement and strain index of the surrounding rock 30 during the paraffin wax 10 melting process by the heating resistance wire 40, so as to achieve the purpose of testing and provide theoretical data support for actual tunnel excavation.
The sensor assembly comprises a soil pressure box, an accelerometer, a grating strain gauge and a displacement meter, wherein the soil pressure box is used for measuring the internal stress of the surrounding rock 30; the accelerometer is used to measure acceleration of the surrounding rock 30; the grating strain gauge is used for measuring the strain of the surface of the surrounding rock 30; the displacement meter is used to measure the displacement of the surrounding rock 30.
By adopting the arrangement mode, the soil pressure box is arranged to measure the internal stress of the surrounding rock 30; providing an accelerometer may measure acceleration of the surrounding rock 30; the strain of the surface of the surrounding rock 30 can be measured by arranging a grating strain gauge; a displacement meter is provided to measure the displacement of the surrounding rock 30.
In this embodiment, melting the paraffin 10 includes:
the paraffin 10 was placed in a heating pot, and the paraffin 10 was completely melted using an induction cooker.
This allows to rapidly melt the paraffin 10, wherein the power of the induction cooker is greater than 2000W.
Specifically, the calculation of the required mass of paraffin 10 includes:
the required mass of paraffin 10 was calculated from the space volume of the tunnel and the density of paraffin 10, and weighed 1.3 times the required mass of paraffin 10.
This facilitates the creation of an excavated tunnel through paraffin 10.
In this embodiment, calculating the required mass of surrounding rock material includes:
from the surrounding rock 30 size and density of the tunnel, the mass of surrounding rock material required is calculated.
In this way, the material can be prepared according to the actual situation.
In this scheme, tunnel mold 20 includes first mould 21 and second mould 22, and first mould 21 and second mould 22 pass through the fastener and connect, and first mould 21 and second mould 22 are connected the back and are formed the holding chamber, hold the chamber and are used for holding paraffin 10 after melting.
The first mold 21 and the second mold 22 are provided to facilitate the manufacture of a tunnel model of the paraffin 10.
The discrete tunnel fused mould excavation method for the model test by utilizing the scheme comprises the following specific steps of:
1. calculating the quality of the needed paraffin according to the space volume and the paraffin density of the tunnel; the paraffin wax was weighed 1.3 times as much as required for the subsequent test.
2. The paraffin wax is melted by using a high-power electromagnetic oven (more than 2000W) and a heating pot, and the paraffin wax is heated to be completely melted.
3. And cleaning the tunnel mould, screwing the bolt, and pouring the melted liquid paraffin into the mould. At this time, heating resistance wires are uniformly distributed in the liquid paraffin at equal intervals (10-20 cm), and then the liquid paraffin is left to stand at normal temperature until the liquid paraffin is completely solidified.
4. And (3) removing the tunnel mould, taking out the solid tunnel paraffin model, and brushing the tunnel mould clean for the next test.
5. According to the geometric dimensions and density of each layer of the tunnel surrounding rock, calculating and weighing the mass of similar materials required by each layer, and proportioning and mixing the materials according to the similar materials (a common rock stratum is usually formed by mixing lime, gypsum, river sand and water, a discrete rock stratum is usually formed by mixing lime, graded gravel, river sand and water, and the proportion is determined by a preliminary strength test); and uniformly stirring the mixture by adopting a small stirrer, uniformly spraying the weighed water to the stirrer, and uniformly stirring again.
6. Pouring the uniformly stirred wet materials into a model box, compacting to the designed compactness by adopting a specially processed small rammer, and controlling the thickness of each hammering to be 5-10cm for ensuring the compacting effect and compacting the mixture layer by layer. In the surrounding rock model manufacturing process, placing the tunnel paraffin model taken out in the step 4 at a set position; if the tunnel needs to be excavated in sections, the paraffin models at different positions are placed according to the excavation sequence, and the adjacent paraffin models are divided by using heat-insulating aluminum foils.
7. And (6) repeating the step until the model reaches the designed height, and finishing the model laying. The model was air dried naturally for the next test.
8. And (5) starting a tunnel excavation test. And (3) connecting heating resistance wires in the paraffin blocks to melt the tunnel paraffin model to form a tunnel geomechanical model, and recording deformation and damage conditions of tunnel surrounding rock through sensors (a soil pressure box, an accelerometer, a grating strain gauge and a displacement meter) in the process of melting the tunnel geomechanical model, wherein the deformation and damage conditions are determined according to displacement and strain indexes. Note that if a test of the partial excavation of the tunnel needs to be performed, the corresponding tunnel paraffin model needs to be sequentially melted in order, so that the partial excavation of the tunnel is realized.
9. After the test is completed, the corresponding test model is removed, heating resistance wires are collected, and each test device is properly placed for the next test.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual scale for convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the azimuth or positional relationships indicated by the azimuth terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal", and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify the description, and these azimuth terms do not indicate and imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth or be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention; the orientation word "inner and outer" refers to inner and outer relative to the contour of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "upper surface at … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial location relative to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures would then be oriented "below" or "beneath" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" may include both orientations of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to define the components, and are only for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meaning unless otherwise stated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A bulk tunnel fused mould excavation method for a model test is characterized by comprising the following steps:
calculating the required mass of the paraffin (10);
melting the paraffin (10), pouring the melted paraffin (10) into a tunnel mold (20), and arranging a heating resistance wire (40) in the melted paraffin (10);
removing the tunnel mould (20) and taking out the solidified paraffin (10);
calculating the mass of the required surrounding rock material, and preparing surrounding rock (30) according to the surrounding rock material;
placing the solidified paraffin (10) at a designated position within the surrounding rock (30);
melting the solidified paraffin (10) by using the heating resistance wire (40), and monitoring and recording deformation and damage conditions of the surrounding rock (30).
2. The bulk tunnel mold tunnel excavation method for a model test according to claim 1, characterized in that laying a heating resistance wire (40) in the melted paraffin (10) comprises:
the number of the heating resistance wires (40) is multiple, and the distance between two adjacent heating resistance wires (40) is 10-20cm.
3. The bulk tunnel molder excavation method for model testing of claim 1, wherein preparing the surrounding rock (30) from the surrounding rock material comprises:
the surrounding rock (30) comprises a plain rock formation and a discrete rock formation;
uniformly stirring the common rock stratum and the discrete rock stratum which are formed by mixing the surrounding rock materials, and pouring the mixture into a model box;
hammering the common rock stratum and the discrete rock stratum to the designed compactness.
4. A bulk tunnel molder excavation method for model testing as defined in claim 3, wherein hammering said plain formation, said bulk formation comprises:
the thickness of each hammering by using the rammer is 5-10cm.
5. The bulk tunnel molder excavation method for model testing of claim 1, wherein monitoring and recording deformation failure conditions of the surrounding rock (30) comprises:
during melting of the paraffin (10) by the heating resistance wire (40), displacement and strain indicators of the surrounding rock (30) are measured and recorded by a sensor assembly.
6. The bulk tunnel molder excavation method for model testing of claim 5, wherein the sensor assembly includes a soil pressure cell for measuring internal stress of the surrounding rock (30), an accelerometer, a grating strain gauge, and a displacement gauge; the accelerometer is for measuring acceleration of the surrounding rock (30); the grating strain gauge is used for measuring the strain of the surrounding rock (30) surface; the displacement meter is used for measuring the displacement of the surrounding rock (30).
7. The bulk tunnel mold-melting excavation method for a model test according to claim 1, characterized in that melting the paraffin wax (10) comprises:
and placing the paraffin (10) in a heating pot, and completely melting the paraffin (10) by using an electromagnetic oven.
8. The bulk tunnel mold tunnel liner excavation method for model testing of claim 1, wherein calculating the required mass of paraffin wax (10) comprises:
the required mass of the paraffin (10) is calculated from the space volume of the tunnel and the density of the paraffin (10), and is weighed 1.3 times the required mass of the paraffin (10).
9. The bulk tunnel molder excavation method for model testing of claim 1, wherein calculating the mass of surrounding rock material required comprises:
the required mass of the surrounding rock material is calculated from the size and density of the surrounding rock (30) of the tunnel.
10. The bulk tunnel fusion excavation method for model experiments according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel mold (20) comprises a first mold (21) and a second mold (22), the first mold (21) and the second mold (22) are connected through a fastener, and a containing cavity is formed after the first mold (21) and the second mold (22) are connected, and the containing cavity is used for containing the melted paraffin (10).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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