CN110108564A - High-ground stress goaf tunnel model test method is worn under one kind - Google Patents
High-ground stress goaf tunnel model test method is worn under one kind Download PDFInfo
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- CN110108564A CN110108564A CN201910477900.8A CN201910477900A CN110108564A CN 110108564 A CN110108564 A CN 110108564A CN 201910477900 A CN201910477900 A CN 201910477900A CN 110108564 A CN110108564 A CN 110108564A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the Tunnel Engineering technical field in ground and underground engineering, it is related to wearing high-ground stress goaf tunnel model test method under one kind.Goaf analog material is made according to a certain ratio using quartz sand, gypsum, blanc fixe, water in this method, has larger porosity and stronger discreteness, more actually simulates practical goaf；Tunnel model test case is formed by welded steel, and size is big, intensity is high, can bear higher stress；The assembling of lining cutting mold is simple, and when making lining model, plastic film and steel wire are pasted in lining cutting mold, is easy to take out molding lining model, and lining model rigidity is big；Using servo-pressing machine vertical and laterally accurately apply pressure to tunnel model test case, compared with real simulation high-ground stress, final test result can more embody truth.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Tunnel Engineering technical field in ground and underground engineering, it is related to wearing high-ground stress under one kind mined out
Area's tunnel model test method.
Background technique
The theory analysis of tunnel mechanics can not reflect Practical Project situation completely, therefore lot of domestic and international scholar proposes
Model investigation method can avoid the difficulty on mathematics and mechanics under conditions of substantially meeting the principle of similitude, true, complete
Face, stress characteristic, deformation tendency and the stability feature for intuitively reflecting country rock during tunnel excavation, therefore tunnel model tries
Test the important method for becoming research tunnel problem.Wherein, during tunnel model test, selection with prototype tunnel lining cutting,
Prototype country rock material, the similar cast material of prototype gob material mechanical property are basis and the model examination of model test
Test the key of success.Weak intercalated layer is the special mass for having larger danger coefficient to Practical Project, compared to other rocks
Body, mined out region have the characteristics that larger porosity, stronger discreteness and surrounding rock stability are poor.Therefore, for accurate mould
Draw up the goaf in rock mass structure, it is desirable to be able to meet the goaf cast material of similarity relation and the tunnel based on the material
Model test method.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide the model examinations for wearing goaf Analyses of Tunnel Wall Rock Stability research under one kind
Proved recipe method, material therefor and leiomyoma cells have closely similar physics, mechanical property, can sufficiently simulate high-ground stress and under wear
Goaf tunnel surrounding actual condition.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
High-ground stress goaf tunnel model test method is worn under one kind, and country rock analog material, mined out analog material are filled out
It is filled with tunnel model test case and carries out tunnel During Geotechnical Tests, which comprises the following steps: consolidate tunnel model test case
Surely it is placed in ground and levels；Lining model is made, and arranges several for testing its pressure in lining model inner side and outer side
The foil gauge of power and deformation；Country rock analog material is successively layered to filling tunnel model test case, every layer loads progress after the completion
Compacting of vibrating is placed in lining model, continues to fill up when it is A that the country rock analog material, which is loaded with the first plane vertical range,
Country rock analog material is in close contact country rock and lining model, and arranges several pressure cells, displacement meter on country rock, described
First plane is the plane where tunnel model test bottom seat, when the country rock analog material is loaded to vertical with the first plane
When distance is B, continue to insert the angle of side and first plane of the country rock analog material to country rock far from ground to be 15 ° to 30 °
Position, vibrate compacting after goaf analog material is continuously and uniformly filled along country rock, according to test requirements document arrange respective thickness
Goaf, then arrange several pressure cells, displacement meter on the goaf, then along the direction far from first plane
Continuously and uniformly placement in layers country rock analog material stops filling until reaching when the vertical range away from first plane is C,
Wherein C > B > A, according to the size of experiment demand adjustment A, B, C；After the completion of the maintenance of country rock analog material, using being enclosed on sheet-steel cover
Rock, and apply pressure with the direction that servo-pressing machine is parallel and perpendicular to the first plane to tunnel model test case, during which acquire
And analyze pressure, displacement and the pressure of lining cutting, deformation of country rock.
Preferably, use is to lining cutting mold when making lining model, the lining cutting mold include internal model, external mold, fixed link,
Die bottom plate and die cover plate assemble, and the through-hole to match with fixed link is provided in the internal model and external mold, described
Steel plate is equipped on the outside of internal model and on the inside of external mold；The external mold includes the first external mold and the second external mold, and passes through external mold connector
Carry out splicing fixation；Internal model and external mold are fixed on die bottom plate by fixed link, then will be outside first by external mold connector
Mould and the splicing of the second external mold are fixed, and the preparation of lining cutting mold is completed.
Preferably, lining model production method specifically: on the outside of internal model and on the inside of external mold successively fixed plastics film and
Steel mesh；Lining model material is poured slowly into the gap of internal model and external mold composition after mixing evenly, and is vibrated with vibrating head
Lining model material；Vaseline is coated in lining cutting die cover plate, and is sealed lining cutting mold with the lining cutting cover board；In room temperature ring
The molding lining model of a couple of days taking-up is stood in border.
Preferably, displacement meter is evenly arranged in the goaf close to and far from the endface of the lining model.
Preferably, pressure cell is arranged around lining cutting along parallel or/and direction perpendicular to the first plane.
Preferably, the pressure cell includes for the horizontal pressure force box of testing level directional pressure and for testing vertical side
To the vertical pressure box of pressure, the horizontal pressure force box are arranged in pairs with vertical pressure box, to test the horizontal pressure of same position
Power and vertical pressure.
Preferably, lining model material, country rock analog material and goaf analog material are brilliant by quartz sand, gypsum, weight
Successively 1:1:1.8:2,1:1:5.5:0.6 and 1:1.5:2.5:0.8 are mixed in mass ratio for mountain flour, water.
Preferably, A be 600mm to 800mm, B be 640mm to 850mm, C be 2000mm to 2200mm, the thickness in goaf
For 200mm to 250mm.
Preferably, fill country rock analog material when every layer with a thickness of 8cm to 15cm.
Preferably, the tunnel model test case is formed using welded steel.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: tunnel model test case is formed by welded steel, and size is big, intensity is high, can be with
Bear higher stress；The assembling of lining cutting mold is simple, and when making lining model, plastic film and steel wire are pasted in lining cutting mold
Net is easy to take out molding lining model, and lining model rigidity is big；Goaf analog material is by quartz sand, gypsum, barite
Powder, water 1:1.5:2.5:0.8 in mass ratio are mixed, and larger porosity and stronger discreteness, physical and mechanical properties are steady
It is fixed, more actually simulate practical goaf；Using servo-pressing machine vertical and laterally accurately applied to tunnel model test case
Plus-pressure, compared with real simulation tunnel high-ground stress, final test result can more embody truth.
Other advantages, target and feature of the invention will be illustrated in the following description to a certain extent, and
And to a certain extent, based on will be apparent to those skilled in the art to investigating hereafter, Huo Zheke
To be instructed from the practice of the present invention.Target of the invention and other advantages can be realized by following specification and
It obtains.
Detailed description of the invention
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is made below in conjunction with attached drawing excellent
The detailed description of choosing, in which:
Fig. 1 is tunnel model test case main view in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is tunnel model test case left view in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is lining cutting mold assembly structure diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is goaf paving location schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is displacement meter layout drawing in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is pressure cell layout drawing in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate embodiments of the present invention below by way of specific specific example, those skilled in the art can be by this specification
Other advantages and efficacy of the present invention can be easily understood for disclosed content.The present invention can also pass through in addition different specific realities
The mode of applying is embodied or practiced, the various details in this specification can also based on different viewpoints and application, without departing from
Various modifications or alterations are carried out under spirit of the invention.It should be noted that diagram provided in following embodiment is only to show
Meaning mode illustrates basic conception of the invention, and in the absence of conflict, the feature in following embodiment and embodiment can phase
Mutually combination.
Wherein, the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are merely schematic diagrams, rather than pictorial diagram, should not be understood as to this
The limitation of invention；Embodiment in order to better illustrate the present invention, the certain components of attached drawing have omission, zoom in or out, not
Represent the size of actual product；It will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain known features and its explanation may be omitted and be in attached drawing
It is understood that.
The same or similar label correspond to the same or similar components in the attached drawing of the embodiment of the present invention；It is retouched in of the invention
In stating, it is to be understood that if there is the orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as term " on ", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear"
To be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, be merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than indicate or
It implies that signified device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore is described in attached drawing
The term of positional relationship only for illustration, is not considered as limiting the invention, for the ordinary skill of this field
For personnel, the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term can be understood as the case may be.
Please refer to Fig. 1-Fig. 6, the element numbers in attached drawing respectively indicate: tunnel model test case 1, chamber pedestal 11,
Grid frame 12, side pressure load plate 13, front shroud 14, country rock 2, lining model 3, internal model 31, the first external mold 32, the second external mold
33, external mold connector 34, fixed link 35, die bottom plate 36, goaf 4, displacement meter 5, horizontal pressure force box 61, vertical pressure box
62。
The present invention, which provides, wears high-ground stress goaf tunnel model test method under one kind, by country rock analog material, mined out
Analog material is packed into tunnel model test case 1 and carries out corresponding tunnel During Geotechnical Tests.
In the present embodiment, tunnel model test case 1 is welded by the chamber pedestal 11 of steel, grid frame 12, front shroud 14
It connects and assembles, rectangular parallelepiped structure, both sides are additionally provided with the side pressure load plate 13 for loading level pressure.The tunnel mould
Length × height × width of type chamber 1 is 2.5m × 2.5m × 1.25m, and the size likelihood ratio is 1:30.
In the present embodiment, lining cutting mold includes internal model 31, external mold, fixed link 35, die bottom plate 36 and die cover plate assembling
It forms, the through-hole to match with fixed link 35 is provided in the internal model 31 and external mold, the external mold includes 32 He of the first external mold
Second external mold 33, first external mold 32 and the second external mold 33 carry out splicing fixation by external mold connector 34.To increase mold
Rigidity, the steel plate of 1.5mm thickness is equipped on the inside of the outside of internal model 31 and external mold.Internal model 31 and external mold are passed through admittedly when use
Fixed pole 35 is fixed on die bottom plate 36, then is fixed the first external mold 32 and the splicing of the second external mold 33 by external mold connector 34,
Complete the preparation of lining cutting mold.
It is as follows that the step of tunnel ground is tested is carried out using above-mentioned tunnel model test case 1 and lining cutting mold:
(1) tunnel model test case 1 is fixedly placed in ground, and leveled.
(2) lining model 3 will be made using lining cutting mold, and arranges several in 3 inner side and outer side of lining model
For testing the foil gauge of its pressure and deformation.
(3) country rock analog material is successively layered to filling tunnel model test case 1, carries out pressure of vibrating after the completion of every layer of filling
Real, every layer with a thickness of 10cm；When it is A that the country rock analog material, which is loaded with the first plane vertical range, it is placed in step (2) institute
The lining model 3 stated, continues to fill up country rock analog material, is in close contact country rock 2 and lining model 3, and arrange on country rock 2
Several pressure cells, displacement meter 5, first plane are the plane where chamber pedestal 11；When the country rock analog material
When filling is extremely B with the first plane vertical range, continue the folder for inserting country rock analog material to country rock 2 upper surface and the first plane
The position that angle is 15 ° to 30 °；It vibrates and continuously and uniformly fills goaf analog material along country rock 2 after being compacted, according to test requirements document
The goaf 4 for arranging respective thickness, then arranges several pressure cells, displacement meter 5 on the goaf；Finally again along separate
The direction layering filling country rock analog material of first plane, until reaching the vertical range away from first plane is C, it is complete
At filling for entire country rock 2；Wherein C > B > A, according to the size of experiment demand adjustment A, B, C.
(4) after the country rock 2 in the step (3) conserves 40 days, 2 top of country rock covers the steel plate of 1.5cm thickness, with servo pressure
Power machine to tunnel model test case 1 apply straight down, horizontal size to the left, horizontally to the right be 1Mpa pressure；It is described to answer
Become piece, displacement meter 5 and pressure cell to be electrical connected with signal pickup assembly, the signal pickup assembly is for collecting displacement and power
Signal, apply press process in acquired by signal acquiring system and analyze country rock 2 pressure, displacement and the pressure of lining cutting,
Deformation.
It is wherein specific:
3 production method of lining model described in step (2) specifically: firstly, on the inside of 31 outside of internal model and external mold successively
Fixed plastics film and steel mesh, and assemble lining cutting mold；Then, lining model material is poured slowly into after mixing evenly interior
It in the gap of mould 31 and external mold composition, and is vibrated lining model material with vibrating head, to prevent generating bubble；Then, in lining cutting mould
Vaseline is coated on the inside of tool upper cover plate, and is sealed lining cutting mold with the lining cutting cover board；Finally, in 25 ° of room temperature of environment
It stands three days and takes out molding lining model 3.
In step (3) A be 700mm, B 734.25mm, C 2200mm, goaf 4 and the inclination angle of first plane are
20 °, goaf 4 with a thickness of 220mm.In other words, the detailed laying step in goaf 4 are as follows: firstly, country rock analog material is filled out
When entering to 700mm height, prefabricated lining model 3 is put into tunnel model test case 1, and continues to insert the similar material of country rock
Pause is filled when material to 734.25mm height；Then, remain unchanged 2 height of country rock of the leftmost side for the time being, with 20 ° of inclination angles of level
Country rock analog material is inserted from left to right, angle is controlled with protractor in the process, when the country rock 2 of the rightmost side is filled to
Whether pause is filled when 1644.17mm height, and be in substantially 20 ° of inclination angle with the first plane with protractor detection inclined-plane；Then,
It is kept for 20 ° of level inclination and continuously and uniformly fills goaf analog material, make leftmost side reclamation level up to 968.37mm, the rightmost side
Whether pause is filled when elevation reaches 1878.30mm, substantially inclined again with the first plane in 20 ° with protractor detection inclined-plane
Angle；Finally, successively continuously filling country rock analog material from the bottom up, layering paves landfill from lower to upper, every layer thick for 10cm,
Compacting of vibrating is carried out after every one layer of casting, completion is filled when final left and right paving is to design altitude 2200mm.
Displacement meter 5 is evenly arranged in the goaf 4 close to and far from the end of the lining model 3 in the step (3)
At face, the both ends in the goaf 4 are respectively arranged with 8 displacement meters 5.
Pressure cell in the step (3) is arranged around lining cutting along parallel or/and direction perpendicular to the first plane.Institute
Stating pressure cell includes the vertical pressure for the horizontal pressure force box 61 of testing level directional pressure and for testing vertical direction pressure
Power box 62, the horizontal pressure force box 61 are arranged in pairs with vertical pressure box 62, to test the horizontal pressure force of same position and to erect
Vertical compression power.When specific setting, guarantee that pressure cell is spread over around the 3 of lining model, and take inside area 4, about 4 goaf
2 region of country rock is arranged with pressure cell.
The present embodiment is according to existing investigative technique, the 3 material selection quartz sand of lining model, gypsum, blanc fixe, water
For raw material, by direct shear test and GDS triaxial compression test, the proportion for obtaining the lining cutting analog material of simulation lining cutting is 1:
1:1.8:2；Country rock analog material and goaf analog material are also mixed by quartz sand, gypsum, blanc fixe, water, according to
Secondary mass ratio is 1:1:5.5:0.6 and 1:1.5:2.5:0.8.
Goaf analog material is made according to a certain ratio using quartz sand, gypsum, blanc fixe, water in the present invention, is had
Larger porosity and stronger discreteness, physical and mechanical properties are stablized, and practical goaf 4 is more actually simulated；Tunnel model
Chamber 1 is formed by welded steel, and size is big, intensity is high, can bear higher stress；The assembling of lining cutting mold is simple, production
When lining model 3, plastic film and steel wire are pasted in lining cutting mold, are easy to take out molding lining model 3, and lining cutting mould
3 rigidity of type is big；Using servo-pressing machine vertical and laterally accurately apply pressure, truer mould to tunnel model test case 1
Quasi- tunnel high-ground stress, final test result can more embody truth.
Finally, it is stated that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although referring to compared with
Good embodiment describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to skill of the invention
Art scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the objective and range of the technical program, should all be covered in the present invention
Scope of the claims in.
Claims (10)
1. wearing high-ground stress goaf tunnel model test method under one kind, country rock analog material, mined out analog material are filled
Enter tunnel model test case and carry out tunnel During Geotechnical Tests, which comprises the following steps:
Tunnel model test case is fixedly placed in ground and is leveled；
Lining model is made, and arranges several for testing the strain of its pressure and deformation in lining model inner side and outer side
Piece；
Country rock analog material is successively layered to filling tunnel model test case, carries out compacting of vibrating after the completion of every layer of filling；Work as institute
State country rock analog material load with the first plane vertical range be A when, be placed in lining model, continue to fill up country rock analog material,
It is in close contact country rock and lining model, and arranges several pressure cells, displacement meter on country rock, first plane is tunnel
Plane where model test box pedestal；When the country rock analog material load to the first plane vertical range be B when, continue
Insert the position that the angle of side and first plane of the country rock analog material to country rock far from ground is 15 ° to 30 °；It vibrates compacting
Goaf analog material is continuously and uniformly filled along country rock afterwards, the goaf of respective thickness is arranged according to test requirements document, is then existed
Several pressure cells, displacement meter are arranged on the goaf；It is continuously and uniformly layered along the direction far from first plane again
Country rock analog material is filled, stops filling when the vertical range away from first plane is C until reaching；Wherein C > B > A, according to
The size of the adjustment of experiment demand A, B, C；
After the completion of the maintenance of country rock analog material, using country rock on sheet-steel cover, and it is flat to tunnel model test case with servo-pressing machine
It goes and applies pressure perpendicular to the direction of the first plane, during which acquire and analyze pressure, displacement and the pressure of lining cutting, shape of country rock
Become.
2. wearing high-ground stress goaf tunnel model test method under as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that production lining
Build model when use to lining cutting mold, the lining cutting mold include internal model, external mold, fixed link, die bottom plate and die cover plate
Assemble, the through-hole to match with fixed link is provided in the internal model and external mold, the internal model outside and external mold inside are
Equipped with steel plate；The external mold includes the first external mold and the second external mold, and carries out splicing fixation by external mold connector；By internal model and
External mold is fixed on die bottom plate by fixed link, then is fixed the first external mold and the splicing of the second external mold by external mold connector,
Complete the preparation of lining cutting mold.
3. wearing high-ground stress goaf tunnel model test method under as described in claim 2, which is characterized in that lining cutting mould
Type production method specifically: successively fixed plastics film and steel mesh on the outside of internal model and on the inside of external mold；By lining model material
It is poured slowly into the gap of internal model and external mold composition after mixing evenly, and vibrated lining model material with vibrating head；In lining cutting mould
Tool cover board coats vaseline, and is sealed lining cutting mold with the lining cutting cover board；A couple of days taking-up molding is stood in room temperature environment
Lining model.
4. wearing high-ground stress goaf tunnel model test method under as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that displacement meter
The goaf is evenly arranged in close to and far from the endface of the lining model.
5. wearing high-ground stress goaf tunnel model test method under as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that pressure cell
It is arranged around lining cutting along parallel or/and direction perpendicular to the first plane.
6. wearing high-ground stress goaf tunnel model test method under as described in claim 5, which is characterized in that the pressure
Power box includes the vertical pressure box for the horizontal pressure force box of testing level directional pressure and for testing vertical direction pressure, institute
It states horizontal pressure force box to be arranged in pairs with vertical pressure box, to test the horizontal pressure force and vertical pressure of same position.
7. wearing high-ground stress goaf tunnel model test method under as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that lining cutting mould
Profile material, country rock analog material and goaf analog material are by quartz sand, gypsum, blanc fixe, water successively in mass ratio 1:
1:1.8:2,1:1:5.5:0.6 and 1:1.5:2.5:0.8 mix.
8. wearing high-ground stress goaf tunnel model test method under as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that A is
600mm to 800mm, B be 640mm to 850mm, C be 2000mm to 2200mm, goaf with a thickness of 200mm to 250mm.
9. wearing high-ground stress goaf tunnel model test method under as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that filling is enclosed
When rock analog material every layer with a thickness of 8cm to 15cm.
10. wearing high-ground stress goaf tunnel model test method, feature under as described in any one of claim 1 to 9
It is, the tunnel model test case is formed using welded steel.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN111175150A (en) * | 2020-02-22 | 2020-05-19 | 中铁十九局集团轨道交通工程有限公司 | Test method for measuring compression shearing performance of filling material behind tunnel lining wall |
| CN113155336A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-07-23 | 中铁二十局集团第三工程有限公司 | Anchor cable dynamometer mounting device |
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