CN215768563U - A similar test device for simulating karst area stratum - Google Patents
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- CN215768563U CN215768563U CN202121087798.XU CN202121087798U CN215768563U CN 215768563 U CN215768563 U CN 215768563U CN 202121087798 U CN202121087798 U CN 202121087798U CN 215768563 U CN215768563 U CN 215768563U
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Abstract
A similar test device for simulating a stratum in a karst region comprises a model box, a simulated karst region stratum and a karst cave model; the upper part and the lower part of the model box are open and the interior of the model box is hollow, and the bottom of the side wall of the model box is provided with a pore channel; the simulated karst area stratum is filled in the model box, and the karst cave model is arranged in the simulated karst area stratum; a grouting catheter is arranged above the karst cave model, and a drainage catheter is arranged below the karst cave model; one end of the drainage catheter is positioned at the lower side of the karst cave model, and the other end of the drainage catheter is retained outside the model box through a pore passage at the bottom of the side wall of the model box; one end of the grouting guide pipe is positioned on the upper side of the karst cave model, and the other end of the grouting guide pipe is reserved outside the stratum of the simulated karst region. The similar test device for simulating the stratum in the karst region successfully simulates the characteristics of an actual karst stratum, provides a simulated environment of the karst stratum, lays a foundation for subsequent model tests, and has reference significance for prediction of an actual field.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of geotechnical engineering tests, in particular to a similar test device for simulating a stratum in a karst region.
Background
The large-scale original site test wastes time and labor, the site size is large, and the requirement on the volume of earth and stone is high. It is poor in efficiency and economy. The model test can simulate various relatively complex boundary conditions and can comprehensively reflect the stress and deformation mechanism, the failure mechanism, the form and the overall appearance of the instability stage under the combined action of the engineering structure and the related rock-soil body. For a long time, a model test method is an important means for researching and solving the problem of large complex geotechnical and structural engineering.
The geotechnical engineering structure of China is complex, and rock masses of different types have great difference, so that similar materials of different types of rock masses meeting similar relations need to be prepared, and the similar materials meet physical mechanical parameters required by similar model tests. In the current research, the simulation of the karst stratum is difficult, and besides the preparation of corresponding similar materials, the simulation of karst caves existing in the stratum is also needed. In reality, the karst caves are various in form, such as hall-shaped, spherical and crack-shaped, and can be further divided into water-rich karst caves or soil caves according to the water-rich condition. The simulation of the real situation of the reduced karst formation is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a similar test device for simulating a stratum in a karst region, which adopts raw materials meeting requirements to simulate the karst stratum according to a similar ratio so as to meet physical and mechanical parameters of a corresponding prototype. And the mould of the karst cave model can be manufactured at will, so that different types of karst caves can be manufactured conveniently, the characteristics of the actual karst stratum are simulated successfully, the simulation environment of the karst stratum is provided, a foundation is laid for subsequent model tests (for example, piling and building houses above the simulated karst cave), and the model has reference significance for prediction of an actual site.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows: a similar test device for simulating a stratum in a karst region comprises a model box, a simulated karst region stratum and a karst cave model;
the upper part and the lower part of the model box are open and the interior of the model box is hollow, and the bottom of the side wall of the model box is provided with a pore channel;
the simulated karst area stratum is filled in the model box, and the karst cave model is arranged in the simulated karst area stratum; a grouting catheter is arranged above the karst cave model, and a drainage catheter is arranged below the karst cave model; one end of the drainage catheter is positioned at the lower side of the karst cave model, and the other end of the drainage catheter is retained outside the model box through a pore passage at the bottom of the side wall of the model box; one end of the grouting guide pipe is positioned on the upper side of the karst cave model, and the other end of the grouting guide pipe is reserved outside the stratum of the simulated karst region.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the karst cave model is made of paraffin, and a heating pipe is arranged in the karst cave model.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the model box is mainly formed by assembling standard plates, a special plate is arranged at the bottom of the model box, and an angle plate is arranged at a corner of the model box; the standard plate comprises a bottom plate I, wherein folded edges are arranged on the periphery of the bottom plate I, and bolt holes are formed in the folded edges; the special plate comprises a bottom plate II, wherein folded edges are arranged on the periphery of the bottom plate II, a pore channel is reserved in the middle of the plate, and bolt holes are formed in the folded edges; the plates are connected through bolts.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the standard plate, the special plate and the angle plate are all made of stainless steel plate blocks.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the heating pipe is a carbon fiber heating pipe, the heating pipe is provided with a lead, and the lead extends out of the karst cave model through the working port.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the similar test device for simulating the stratum in the karst region has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
(1) the similar test device for simulating the stratum in the karst region successfully simulates the characteristics of an actual karst stratum, provides a simulated environment of the karst stratum, lays a foundation for subsequent model tests (such as piling above a simulated karst cave and building a house), and has reference significance for prediction of an actual site.
(2) The similar test device for simulating the stratum in the karst region selects paraffin as the karst cave model, and firstly, equipment for manufacturing the karst cave model is simple, the mold can be manufactured at will, different types of karst caves can be conveniently manufactured, and the operation is convenient; secondly, the paraffin has the advantages of being recyclable and capable of being used repeatedly. The utility model can simulate the karst caves in different shapes, and can also simulate the filling state to realize the simulation of the water-rich karst stratum.
(3) The model box used in the utility model is a detachable model box, is convenient to operate, can be assembled according to test site and test requirements, and can meet the requirements of various sizes.
The technical features of a similar test device for simulating a formation in a karst region according to the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a simulation chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a corner plate of the simulation box;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view (front) of a standard plate of the simulation box;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view (side) of a standard plate of the simulation box;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view (front) of a special plate of the simulation box;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view (side) of a special plate of the simulation box;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a mold of the present invention prior to filling with paraffin;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a similar test apparatus of the present invention for simulating a formation in a karst region.
In the figure:
1-model box, 10-standard edition, 11-special plate, 12-angle plate, 111-pore channel and 13-bolt hole; 2-simulating a karst region stratum; 3-a karst cave model; 4-heating tube, 41-wire; 5-grouting guide pipe; 6-a drainage catheter; 7-a mould.
Detailed Description
A similar test device for simulating a stratum in a karst region comprises a model box 1, a simulated karst region stratum 2 and a karst cave model 3;
the mold box 1 is opened at the upper part and the lower part and is hollow, and the bottom of the side wall of the mold box 1 is provided with a pore passage 111; can be placed on flat ground or on a base. The model box 1 is used for filling similar materials simulating a formation 2 in a karst area. As shown in fig. 1, the model box 1 is mainly assembled by standard plates 10, a special plate 11 is arranged at the bottom of the model box, and a corner plate 12 is arranged at a corner of the model box 1; referring to fig. 3 and 4, the standard plate 10 comprises a bottom plate i, wherein folded edges are arranged on the periphery of the bottom plate i, and bolt holes 13 are formed in the folded edges; referring to fig. 5 and 6, the special plate 11 includes a bottom plate ii, wherein the bottom plate ii is provided with folded edges at the periphery thereof, and a hole 111 is reserved in the middle of the plate, and the folded edges are provided with bolt holes 13; referring to FIG. 2, gussets are used for connecting the corners of the mold box; the plates are connected through bolts. The standard plate 10, the special plate 11 and the angle plate 12 are all made of stainless steel plate blocks. This mold box is for dismantling the mold box, convenient operation, and can be according to experimental place, experimental requirement is assembled, can satisfy the needs of multiple size.
The simulated karst area stratum 2 is filled in the model box 1, and the karst cave model 3 is arranged in the simulated karst area stratum 2; a grouting catheter 5 is arranged above the karst cave model 3, and a drainage catheter 6 is arranged below the karst cave model; one end of the drainage catheter 6 is positioned at the lower side of the karst cave model 3, and the other end of the drainage catheter is retained at the outer side of the model box 1 through a pore passage 111 at the bottom of the side wall of the model box 1; one end of the grouting guide pipe 5 is positioned at the upper side of the karst cave model 3, and the other end of the grouting guide pipe is reserved outside the stratum 2 of the simulated karst region, which is shown in figure 8.
The karst cave model 3 is made of paraffin, the paraffin is melted at 47-64 ℃, and the paraffin can be reused. And a heating pipe 4 is arranged in the karst cave model 3. The heating pipe 4 is a carbon fiber heating pipe, the heating pipe is provided with a lead 41, and the lead extends out of the karst cave model 3 through a working hole. The karst cave model 3 in the embodiment is manufactured by a mold, which is made of pvc material and can be divided into a left part and a right part, as shown in fig. 7; the mold can be made into spherical or ellipsoidal shape, and is converted according to the actual karst cave shape according to similar proportion. Melting the whole paraffin, filling the melted paraffin into the mold 3, reserving a heating pipe 41 with a lead 41 in the mold before filling, and removing the mold after cooling and solidifying after filling to obtain the required karst cave model 3.
In the embodiment, the grouting guide pipe 5 is a pvc pipe with the diameter of 10mm, one end of the grouting guide pipe is arranged on the upper side of the karst cave model 3 of paraffin, and the other end of the grouting guide pipe is exposed above the stratum 2 of the simulated karst area. The drainage catheter 6 is a pvc pipe with the diameter of 10mm, one end of the drainage catheter is arranged at the lower side of the paraffin karst cave model 3, and the other end of the drainage catheter is reserved outside the model box 1 through a pore passage 111 of a special plate.
The manufacturing method of the similar test device for simulating the stratum in the karst region comprises a model box 1, similar materials for simulating the stratum in the karst region, a karst cave model 3, a simulated karst region stratum 2 and a manufacturing method for forming the karst cave.
(one) the method for manufacturing the mold box 1: according to the size of the indoor field and the test size requirement (see the geometric similarity coefficient)
) Assembling the model box by using stainless steel plates; the model box 1 is mainly formed by assembling standard plates 10, a special plate 11 is arranged at the bottom of the model box, and an angle plate 12 is arranged at the corner of the model box 1; the standard plate 10 comprises a base plate I, wherein folded edges are arranged on the periphery of the base plate I, and bolt holes 13 are formed in the folded edges; the special plate 11 comprises a bottom plate II, wherein folded edges are arranged on the periphery of the bottom plate II, a hole channel 111 is reserved in the middle of the plate, and bolt holes 13 are formed in the folded edges; the plates are connected through bolts.
(II) the manufacturing method of the similar material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of raw materials for formulating the similar materials:
the raw materials mainly comprise: river sand, barite powder, portland cement and purified water;
step two: determining the ratio of the raw materials of the similar materials, wherein the determination method comprises the following steps:
(a) determining stratum generalization parameters of karst regions: an empirical range is given to the physical and mechanical parameters of the karst strata of the actual site by combining an engineering geological manual (engineering geological manual writing committee, engineering geological manual (fourth edition) [ S ] Beijing: Chinese architecture industry Press, 2007). The empirical ranges given in table 1 below:
table 1: physical and mechanical parameters of karst formations
(b) Determining geometric similarity coefficients
: determining the size of the model box according to the size of the experimental site, wherein the ratio of the size of the model box to the original site is the determined geometric similarity coefficient
(ii) a According to the size ratio of the actual field to the indoor field, for example, 1: a size factor of 20, i.e.
。
(c) Converting the physical and mechanical parameter range of the required similar materials according to the similarity principle: each physical and mechanical parameter of the similar material is based on a similar theory and is a numerical value converted by a similarity coefficient with an actual soil body;
the physical parameters comprise the weight (volume weight), Poisson ratio, elastic modulus, cohesive force, internal friction angle and compressive strength;
the similarity coefficient is selected according to actual engineering conditions and experimental conditions, and comprises a geometric similarity coefficient of
The severe similarity coefficient is
A poisson ratio of similar coefficient of
The coefficient of similarity of the elastic modulus is
A cohesion similarity coefficient of
The coefficient of similarity of internal friction angle is
The coefficient of similarity of compressive strength is
(ii) a Then according to the similarity principle, the relationship between the similarity coefficients is as follows:
According to the physical mechanical parameters of the similar materials = the physical mechanical parameters of the karst strata of the actual field x the corresponding physical mechanical parameter similarity coefficients, the physical mechanical parameter ranges of the similar materials are calculated by comparing table 1 and are as follows 2:
table 2: physical mechanical parameter range of similar materials
(d) The weight portions are as follows: setting a plurality of groups of different raw material proportioning values (see table 3) according to the physical and mechanical parameter range (see table 2) of the similar materials converted in the step (c) and an empirical method, and fully mixing and stirring the raw materials according to different weight parts to prepare a plurality of groups of similar materials to be detected;
(e) determining the raw material ratio of the similar materials: after a plurality of groups of similar materials to be detected are maintained, physical and mechanical parameters of the corresponding similar materials are measured through a direct shear test and a triaxial test, and a raw material ratio meeting the condition range of the physical and mechanical parameters of the required similar materials is selected as a raw material ratio of the similar materials. The physical and mechanical parameters of a plurality of groups of similar materials measured through tests are shown in table 3, and the ratio value of the group 2 can be selected from table 3 as the raw material ratio of the similar materials, namely barite powder: river sand: purified water: portland cement =30:40:9:3 (mass ratio).
Table 3: physical and mechanical parameters of multiple groups of similar materials measured through tests
Step three: the preparation process of the similar material comprises the following steps: according to the parts by weight, 325 meshes of barite powder, 5mm of river sand, purified water and 425-labeled portland cement are fully mixed and stirred according to the proportioning value of the raw materials determined by the method in the second step to prepare similar materials; in this example, according to the barite powder: river sand: purified water: portland cement =30:40:9:3 (mass ratio) was thoroughly mixed and stirred to make a similar material.
(III) the manufacturing method of the karst cave model 3 comprises the following steps: melting paraffin, filling the melted paraffin into a mould 7, reserving a heating pipe 4 with a lead 41 in the mould before filling, and removing the mould after the paraffin is cooled and solidified; the mould is made of pvc material and can be divided into a left part and a right part. The mould is manufactured by converting the actual shape of the karst cave according to the similar proportion; the mould can be made into a spherical shape, an ellipsoidal shape and the like.
(IV) the manufacturing method of the simulated karst area stratum 2 comprises the following steps: spreading prepared similar materials for simulating the stratum of the karst region in a model box to be tested layer by layer, placing a karst cave model 3 when filling reaches a certain position (namely the thickness of the stratum obtained after conversion according to a geometric similarity ratio), reserving a grouting conduit 5 above the karst cave model, and arranging a drainage conduit 6 below the karst cave model; one end of the drainage catheter 6 is connected to the karst cave model, and the other end extends to the outer side of the bottom of the model box; after the karst cave model 3 is placed, similar materials are filled continuously until the stratum thickness according with the burial depth of the karst cave model is achieved; at this time, the tail end of the grouting guide pipe 5 needs to be left outside the stratum 2 of the simulated karst region; and after filling of the similar materials, standing for 7 days for curing to form a simulated karst area stratum 2.
(V) the manufacturing method of the karst cave molding comprises the following steps: and after the maintenance of the stratum 2 in the simulated karst area is finished, the paraffin is melted by utilizing the pre-embedded heating pipe 4 through electricity, the paraffin flows out of the model box from the drainage pipe 6, and a karst cave is formed in the stratum 2 in the simulated karst area after the paraffin completely flows out.
And after the karst cave is formed, obtaining the similar test device for simulating the stratum in the karst region.
When the filling karst cave needs to be simulated, mud can be injected by the upper grouting guide pipe 5 for simulation, and simulation of the water-rich karst stratum is realized.
The similar material for simulating the stratum in the karst region is simple in raw material, easy to obtain and good in economical efficiency.
The simulation of the similar material of the stratum in the simulated karst region is carried out based on the similar principle, and the simulation is carried out according to the similar proportion, and the similar material and the main physical mechanical parameters (gravity, Poisson's ratio, elastic modulus, cohesive force, internal friction angle and compressive strength) of the original stratum meet the similar theory, so that the simulated karst stratum can reflect a prototype, the characteristics of the actual karst stratum are successfully simulated, and the simulation method has reference significance for the prediction of an actual field.
According to the manufacturing method of the similar materials, a plurality of groups of similar materials are obtained through a plurality of groups of tests and can be used for simulating other rock-soil stratums conforming to physical and mechanical parameters. The similar material of the simulated stratum can be used as other relevant test bases, and test methods are enriched.
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art. While the utility model has been described in detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing embodiments, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a similar test device for simulating karst area stratum which characterized in that: the karst simulation model comprises a model box, a simulated karst area stratum and a karst cave model;
the upper part and the lower part of the model box are open and the interior of the model box is hollow, and the bottom of the side wall of the model box is provided with a pore channel;
the simulated karst area stratum is filled in the model box, and the karst cave model is arranged in the simulated karst area stratum; a grouting catheter is arranged above the karst cave model, and a drainage catheter is arranged below the karst cave model; one end of the drainage catheter is positioned at the lower side of the karst cave model, and the other end of the drainage catheter is retained outside the model box through a pore passage at the bottom of the side wall of the model box; one end of the grouting guide pipe is positioned on the upper side of the karst cave model, and the other end of the grouting guide pipe is reserved outside the stratum of the simulated karst region.
2. A similar test apparatus for simulating a formation in a karst region according to claim 1, wherein: the karst cave model is made of paraffin, and a heating pipe is arranged in the karst cave model.
3. A similar test apparatus for simulating a formation in a karst region according to claim 1, wherein: the model box is mainly formed by assembling standard plates, a special plate is arranged at the bottom of the model box, and an angle plate is arranged at a corner of the model box; the standard plate comprises a bottom plate I, wherein folded edges are arranged on the periphery of the bottom plate I, and bolt holes are formed in the folded edges; the special plate comprises a bottom plate II, wherein folded edges are arranged on the periphery of the bottom plate II, a pore channel is reserved in the middle of the plate, and bolt holes are formed in the folded edges; the plates are connected through bolts.
4. A similar test apparatus for simulating a formation in a karst region according to claim 1, wherein: the standard plate, the special plate and the angle plate are all made of stainless steel plate blocks.
5. A similar test apparatus for simulating a formation in a karst region according to claim 2, wherein: the heating pipe is a carbon fiber heating pipe, the heating pipe is provided with a lead, and the lead extends out of the karst cave model through the working port.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114692391A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-07-01 | 华南理工大学 | Similar test device for simulating stratum in karst region and manufacturing method thereof |
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