CN117822329A

CN117822329A - Dyeing method for cotton-containing textile material

Info

Publication number: CN117822329A
Application number: CN202211481578.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: S·瑟维; R·查特吉; Y·博格
Original assignee: Huntsman Textile Effects Germany GmbH
Current assignee: Huntsman Textile Effects Germany GmbH
Priority date: 2022-10-03
Filing date: 2022-11-24
Publication date: 2024-04-05

Abstract

The invention relates to a dyeing method for textile materials containing cotton, wherein the textile materials are treated with a liquid containing at least one reactive dye, at least one surfactant, at least one silicone oil and water.

Description

Dyeing method for cotton-containing textile material

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a dyeing process for cotton-containing textile materials, in which the textile material is treated with a liquid comprising at least one reactive dye, at least one silicone oil, at least one surfactant and water, and to dyed cotton-containing textile materials obtained according to such a process.

Background

Dyeing and finishing textiles consume large amounts of dye and fresh water each year, and also produce large amounts of wastewater [ see references 1 to 3].

These effluents have severe carcinogenesis for aquatic microbiota and humans [4,5]. To address this issue, governments are increasingly concerned with the implementation of environmental regulations. Under such circumstances, new technologies are being developed to improve dye quality/fixation and reduce waste disposal. Accordingly, the industry is looking for alternative ways to overcome the above problems, and in particular is trying to improve dyeing machines [6], dye chemicals [7-9] and cotton substrates [10-15].

In all new dyeing techniques [16, 17]Reactive dyeing of the dyeings with organic solvents has become very popular. Various organic solvent dyeing media have been developed to reduce the hydrolysis of reactive dyes and the amount of waste. Typically, non-nucleophilic organic solvents such as DMSO [18 ]]、DMAc [19]Hexane [20 ]]Ethanol [21 ]]And ethyl octanoate [22 ]]Selected as the staining medium. However, solvent staining has several limitations, such as difficulty in achieving zero emissions or 100% solvent recycling. Furthermore, most organic solvents have a low flash point, high volatility, or other disadvantageous properties. Supercritical CO ₂ (ScCO ₂ ) Cotton dyeing techniques have also been discussed as alternative dyeing media, although this may require additional swelling agents and extensive structural modification of commercial reactive dyes to achieve strong color depths [23, 24]。

The most successful attempt considered in commercial scale implementation is to cationize cotton with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC). CHPTAC is well established in the literature to have high dye fixation efficiency without affecting the environment [25-29]. However, the industry has not yet addressed this approach because the CHPTAC application to cotton must be performed in cold pad-batch, pad-steam, pad-bake and pad-bake processes. However, these methods require a batch time of 16 to 24 hours; furthermore, the method is most suitable for textile articles [30, 31].

In the non-aqueous dyeing technique, D5 medium [32-35], waste cooking oil [36] and cotton seed oil [37] are used as dyeing mediums for dyeing cotton fabrics. In this process, dye fixation is enhanced by means of the external phase, thereby reducing pollutant emissions. The advantage here is that no salt is required for dyeing. However, this technique also has some practical limitations. Since the waste cooking oil, hydrocarbon and D5 medium are used for dyeing, the waste cooking oil may saponify or become rancid during dyeing under high temperature and alkaline/acidic conditions. Furthermore, the use of hydrocarbons and D5 media for dyeing is limited for handling and toxicological reasons.

Some existing dyeing methods for cotton fibers utilize large amounts of water with gradual addition of electrolytes such as NaCl or Na in batches ₂ SO ₄ To facilitate adsorption of dyes and chemicals during the dyeing process. However, due to dissociation of hydroxyl groups on cotton fibers, a slight negative surface charge is easily generated when cotton is contacted with water, resulting in electrostatic repulsion between dye and fiber, and a large amount of salt is required in order to suppress such repulsion and to increase the affinity of reactive dye to fiber.

Conventional dyeing processes for cotton fibers typically use large amounts of dye liquor that contains fresh water at a high liquor ratio. Furthermore, these methods are relatively time consuming and associated with a considerable amount of liquid waste.

This results in a potential hazard to the environment and high ETP process costs.

The lack of water and increased environmental awareness have created a need to develop and employ anhydrous dyeing techniques.

Furthermore, some prior art methods are not friendly in their handling and are harmful to the environment and are also related to practical limitations.

Thus, the dyeing system should be environmentally friendly, cost effective and safe to be adapted to replace conventional aqueous systems. In this case, the oils would be suitable alternative staining media as they are safe, recycled and have multiple recycles. Since the heat capacity of oil is lower than that of water, less energy will be consumed to reach the same dyeing temperature and therefore the process will be more energy efficient. However, there are also problems with using oils as the staining medium, firstly the dye is insoluble in the oil, and secondly the oil and water are immiscible. Furthermore, the dyeing process generally requires high temperatures, which can cause the oil to become rancid, and the dyeing process involves acidic and basic conditions, which can saponify the fatty oil.

Therefore, there is a need to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.

In particular, there is a need for a dyeing process which gives good allround fastness properties, for example good fastness to rubbing, wet fastness, wet rubbing, washing, water fastness, sea water fastness and perspiration fastness. The wash fastness properties have in particular very good values. The total duration of the dyeing process can be reduced, which also saves energy. Since the process according to the invention recirculates the dyeing medium and uses it several times, the water used in the process is about 80% lower than in the conventional process.

It has now surprisingly been found that the majority of the water in the dyeing medium used for dyeing cotton can be replaced by silicone oil as the dyeing medium, so that the fresh water used in the process can be significantly reduced by up to 85%. In addition, the use of electrolytes such as NaCl or Na can be avoided ₂ SO ₄ 。

The dye solution can be easily dispersed in the oil-dyeing medium with the aid of a surfactant. The use of surfactants can solve the problem of immiscibility of dyes and water with oils. This significantly increases the chemical potential of the dye in the dyeing medium, so that dye fixation can be improved and waste emissions can be minimized.

The proposed dyeing technique can reduce the time period, electrolyte and energy and consume less water. The staining medium can be reused and can be recycled, which reduces waste liquid contamination.

The present invention therefore relates to a dyeing process for cotton-containing textile materials, in which the textile material is treated with a liquid comprising at least one reactive dye, at least one silicone oil, at least one surfactant and water, and to the dyed cotton-containing textile material obtained according to such a process.

The dyeings obtained in this way have good allround fastness properties, for example good fastness to rubbing, wet fastness, wet rubbing, washing, water fastness, sea water fastness and perspiration fastness. The wash fastness properties have in particular very good values. The total duration of the dyeing process can also be reduced, which saves energy. Since the dyeing medium can be recycled and used several times in the process according to the invention, the water used in the liquid can be about 80% lower than in the conventional process.

In the present specification and claims, the term "consisting essentially of … followed by one or more features means that components or steps which do not materially affect the properties and characteristics of the invention, in addition to those explicitly recited, may be included in the methods or materials of the invention.

The expression "comprised between X and Y" includes boundaries unless explicitly stated otherwise. This expression means that the target range includes X and Y values, as well as all values from X to Y.

Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words "comprise" and variations of the words, such as "comprises" and "comprising", mean "including but not limited to", and do not exclude other parts, additives, components, integers or steps. Furthermore, unless the context requires otherwise, the singular includes the plural: in particular, where the indefinite article is used, the specification is to be understood as contemplating plurality as well as singularity, unless the context requires otherwise.

When upper and lower limits are recited for a property, such as a concentration of a component, then a range of values defined by any combination of the upper limit with any lower limit may also be implied.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention relates to a dyeing method for textile materials containing cotton, wherein the textile materials are treated with a liquid containing at least one reactive dye, at least one silicone oil, at least one surfactant and water.

The dyeing process for cotton-containing textile materials preferably comprises or is a dip dyeing process.

The method according to the invention is suitable for dyeing cotton-based fibre materials and can be used for dyeing 100% cotton fabrics or fabrics containing cotton and other materials.

In one embodiment, the method of the invention comprises the following steps, preferably in this order:

(a) Incubating the textile material with a liquid comprising at least one reactive dye, at least one silicone oil, at least one surfactant and water,

(b) The mixture of step (a) is heated, preferably to a temperature of 60 to 100 ℃.

In one embodiment, the at least one surfactant is selected from butyl polyalkylene glycol copolymers or EO molecules based on C12-C14 alcohols, preferably block copolymers wherein the central polypropylene glycol group is flanked by two polyethylene glycol groups.

In one embodiment, the above surfactants may be used in combination.

In one embodiment, several surfactants, preferably two or three surfactants, are used.

In one embodiment, the at least one surfactant is present in an amount of 1 to 5g/l, preferably 2 to 4g/l.

Preferably, the temperature during the incubation in step (a) is from 20 to 40 ℃.

The incubation step (a) is preferably carried out for 5 to 15 minutes.

The heating step (b) preferably comprises heating to 60 to 100 ℃, in particular 70 to 90 ℃, for example about 80 ℃.

The heating step (b) is preferably carried out for 20 to 40 minutes.

Without being bound by this theory, it may be assumed that the dyeing process may be divided into three distinct steps. In step I, the temperature is lower and the dye molecules are continually adsorbed on the fabric surface. In step II, the temperature is raised so that the adsorption and desorption of dye from the fiber surface reach equilibrium at a temperature of, for example, 40-70 ℃. In step III, for example at 60℃after addition of the base, the fixation between the molecular chain of the fiber and the reactive dye increases, and the dye uptake increases.

The at least one silicone oil constitutes a major substitute for water and is therefore a decisive contributor in the dyeing process. Silicone oils, particularly non-functional silicone oils, exhibit good synergy between acidic and basic conditions at high temperatures. Moreover, it exhibits excellent leveling property and color strength, and has the advantage of being reusable. Furthermore, the use of different media, such as hydrocarbons, solvents and different fatty acids (oils), is not friendly to handle and is harmful to the environment. Furthermore, dyeing methods involving acidic and basic conditions may lead to saponification of the fatty oil and rancidity of the fatty oil at high temperatures.

In one embodiment, the method of the invention further comprises the following steps, preferably in this order and preferably after steps (a) and (b) above:

(c) Adding a base, and

(d) The textile material is neutralized and washed.

The addition of the base is preferably carried out using carbonates, for example sodium carbonate or potassium hydroxide.

The addition of the base is preferably carried out at a temperature lower than the temperature in step (b).

The addition of the base is preferably carried out at a temperature of 50 to 70 ℃.

The addition of the base is preferably carried out for 10 to 20 minutes.

In one embodiment, the cotton-containing textile material may be washed between steps (b) and (c), preferably with hot water.

After the addition of the base, the staining mixture is preferably neutralized to a pH of about 3 to 5.

Neutralization may be performed using a weak acid such as acetic acid.

Neutralization is preferably carried out at a temperature of from 30 to 40 ℃.

After neutralization, the dyed cotton-containing textile material is soaped, preferably cold washed, preferably with water.

After washing, the cotton-containing textile material may be dried using any conventionally known drying method, for example heating to, for example, about 60 to 80 ℃, preferably for 30 to 40 minutes.

In one embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the weight ratio of the at least one silicone oil to water is from 75:25 to 90:10, preferably from 85:15 to 90:10.

The advantage of this weight ratio is that a high silicone oil ratio reduces the water and auxiliary content used in the dyeing system and shows a high dye uptake increase in high depth, which results in increased color intensity.

In one embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the weight ratio of cotton-containing textile material to liquid is from 1:10 to 1:35, preferably from 1:15 to 1:25.

The advantage of this weight ratio is that the textile material has good flowability during dyeing with uniform color absorption.

In one embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the pH of the liquid is between 5.5 and 6.5.

Preferably, during process steps (a) and (b), the pH of the liquid is from 5.0 to 6.0.

The pH can be adjusted using commonly known acids and/or bases and commonly known buffer substances.

In one embodiment, the process according to the invention is characterized in that the amount of the at least one reactive dye in the liquid is from 0.01 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 6% by weight, based on the total weight of the fabric.

In the case of more than one reactive dye, the amounts as defined above refer to the sum of the amounts of all reactive dyes used in one embodiment.

In another embodiment, where more than one reactive dye is used, the amounts as defined above refer to the individual amounts of each reactive dye.

In one embodiment, the process according to the invention is characterized in that exactly one reactive dye is present in the liquid.

In one embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that more than one reactive dye is present in the liquid. Preferably, two, three or four different reactive dyes may be present in the liquid.

Thus, the dyes may be applied individually or in mixtures, two or three dyes (bi-or tri-chromatic) or mixtures of four or more dyes, especially when black/grey shades are produced.

The reactive dye is not particularly limited, but all known reactive dyes for dyeing cotton-containing textile materials can be used.

In one embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one reactive dye is selected from AVITERA YELLOW SE, AVITERA Red SE, AVITERA Blue SE, AVITERA Deep Blue SE, AVITERA Deep Sea SE, AVITERA Navy SE, AVITERA Orange SE, AVITERA Black SE, AVITERA Rose SE, NOVACRON Yellow S-3R, NOVACRON Yellow EC-2R, NOVACRON Bold Yellow, NOVACRON Deep Red EC-D, reactive Red 239, NOAVCRON Bold Red, NOAVRON Blue EC-R, NOVACRON Deep Blue S-DC, NOVACRON Navy S-G, NOVACRON Bold Navy, NOAVCRON Bold Deep Navy, NOVACRON Deep night S-R, NOVACRON Scarlet EC-6G, NOVACRON Ruby S-3B, NOVACRON Orange EC-3R, NOVACRON Deep Orange S-4R, NOVACRON Brown C-7R, NOVACRON Red EC-2BL, NOVACRON CRON WID N, NOVANay-BN, NOVACRON Dark Blue S-84, and 32-NN.

In one embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the cotton-containing textile material consists of cotton or comprises a cotton blend fabric. Preferred blends comprise cotton to polyester fabrics wherein the ratio of cotton to polyester is about 25:75, preferably about 33:67, most preferably about 50:50.

The cotton-containing textile material may be in a wide variety of processed forms, for example in the form of fibres, yarns, woven or knitted fabrics and/or in the form of carpets.

The at least one silicone oil used in the method according to the present invention is not particularly limited.

Preferably, the at least one silicone oil comprises or consists of a non-functional silicone.

Preferably, the at least one silicone oil comprises or consists of a linear silicone.

Preferably, the at least one silicone oil comprises or consists of a linear non-functional silicone.

Preferably, the at least one silicone oil comprises or consists of polydimethylsiloxane, preferably having a viscosity (measured on a Brookfield viscometer) of 50 to 370 cPs at 25 ℃.

Preferably, the at least one silicone oil has a viscosity of 50 to 370 cPs at 25 ℃ and/or 30 to 220 cPs at 50 ℃ and/or 25 to 180 cPs at 70 ℃ (measured on a Brookfield viscometer).

Preferably, the at least one silicone oil has a boiling point higher than 230 ℃.

In one embodiment, a silicone oil is used in the method of the invention.

In another embodiment, two or more different silicone oils (silicone oil mixtures) are used in the process of the invention.

The liquid may further comprise usual additives such as desizing agents, bleaching agents, wetting agents, enzymes, stabilizers, complexing agents, dispersants, defoamers, leveling agents, penetration enhancers and pH adjusting agents such as buffers.

Such additives are typically each included in the liquid in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt% based on the weight of the liquid.

In one embodiment, the liquid is free of any additives, in particular free of the above-mentioned additives.

The invention also relates to dyed cotton-containing textile materials obtained according to the above-described process.

All the definitions and preferred embodiments described above apply analogously to dyed cotton-containing textile materials.

The following examples serve to illustrate the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, parts are parts by weight and percentages are percentages by weight. The temperature is given in degrees celsius.

Detailed Description

Example 1:

5 grams of cotton fabric was immersed in a water-oil liquid containing a solution of surfactant and reactive dye. And (3) fibers: the ratio of the liquids was 1:20. The surfactant solution was added at PLURONIC PE 10100 g/l and 1% AVITERA Yellow SE (reactive dye) was added relative to the fabric weight. The total water in the dyeing system was 15 grams and the oil was 85 grams. The liquid was then stirred at 30 ℃ for 10 minutes and then heated to 80 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/minute. After 25 minutes at 80 ℃, the temperature was kept for a further 20 minutes and then cooled to 60 ℃ at a rate of 3 ℃/min. Sodium carbonate solution was added at 60 ℃ and kept for a further 40 minutes. The fabric was then washed twice with hot water and further treated for neutralization, followed by soaping and cold washing. The fastness of the intermediate hues was tested and good fastness properties were observed.

Comparative example 1a:

5g of cotton fabric are immersed in water containing a solution of auxiliaries and reactive dyes. And (3) fibers: the ratio of the liquids was 1:10. The auxiliary solution was added with 1g/l ALBATEX DBC (protective colloid), 1g/l ALBAFLUICC (lubricant), 0.5g/l ALBATEX LD (leveling agent), 1g/l ALBAFLOW CIR (penetration enhancer), 60g/l mirabilite, and 1% AVITERA Yellow SE (reactive dye) relative to the fabric weight. The total water in the dyeing system was 50 grams. The liquid was then stirred at 30 ℃ for 10 minutes and then heated to 60 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/minute. After 15 minutes at 60 ℃, the temperature was kept for a further 45 minutes, then sodium carbonate solution was added and kept for a further 45 minutes. The fabric is then cold washed and then treated for neutralization, followed by hot washing, soaping and cold washing.

Example 2:

5 grams of cotton fabric was immersed in a water-oil liquid containing a solution of surfactant and reactive dye. And (3) fibers: the ratio of the liquids was 1:20. The surfactant solution was added at PLURONIC PE 10100 g/l and 1% AVITERA Red SE (reactive dye) was added relative to the fabric weight. The total water in the dyeing system was 15 grams and the oil was 85 grams. The liquid was then stirred at 30 ℃ for 10 minutes and then heated to 80 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/minute. After 25 minutes at 80 ℃, the temperature was kept for a further 20 minutes and then cooled to 60 ℃ at a rate of 3 ℃/min. Sodium carbonate solution was added at 60 ℃ and kept for a further 40 minutes. The fabric was then washed twice with hot water and further treated for neutralization, followed by soaping and cold washing. The fastness of the intermediate hues was tested and good fastness properties were observed.

Comparative example 2a:

5g of cotton fabric are immersed in water containing a solution of auxiliaries and reactive dyes. And (3) fibers: the ratio of the liquids was 1:10. The auxiliary solution was added with 1g/l ALBATEX DBC (protective colloid), 1g/l ALBAFLUICC (lubricant), 0.5g/l ALBATEX LD (leveling agent), 1g/l ALBAFLOW CIR (penetration enhancer), 60g/l mirabilite, and 1% AVITERA Red SE (reactive dye) relative to the fabric weight. The total water in the dyeing system was 50 grams. The liquid was then stirred at 30 ℃ for 10 minutes and then heated to 60 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/minute. After 15 minutes at 60 ℃, the temperature was kept for a further 45 minutes, then sodium carbonate solution was added and kept for a further 45 minutes. The fabric is then cold washed and then treated for neutralization, followed by hot washing, soaping and cold washing.

Example 3:

5 grams of cotton fabric was immersed in a water-oil liquid containing a solution of surfactant and reactive dye. And (3) fibers: the ratio of the liquids was 1:20. The surfactant solution was added at PLURONIC PE 10100 g/l and 1% AVITERA Blue SE (reactive dye) was added relative to the fabric weight. The total water in the dyeing system was 15 grams and the oil was 85 grams. The liquid was then stirred at 30 ℃ for 10 minutes and then heated to 80 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/minute. After 25 minutes at 80 ℃, the temperature was kept for a further 20 minutes and then cooled to 60 ℃ at a rate of 3 ℃/min. Sodium carbonate solution was added at 60 ℃ and kept for a further 40 minutes. The fabric was then washed twice with hot water and further treated for neutralization, followed by soaping and cold washing. The fastness of the intermediate hues was tested and good fastness properties were observed.

Comparative example 3a:

5g of cotton fabric are immersed in water containing a solution of auxiliaries and reactive dyes. And (3) fibers: the ratio of the liquids was 1:10. The auxiliary solution was added with 1g/l ALBATEX DBC (protective colloid), 1g/l ALBATEX C (lubricant), 0.5g/l ALBATEX LD (leveling agent), 1g/l ALBATEX CIR (penetration enhancer), 60g/l mirabilite, and 1% AVITERA Blue SE (reactive dye) relative to the fabric weight. The total water in the dyeing system was 50 grams. The liquid was then stirred at 30 ℃ for 10 minutes and then heated to 60 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/minute. After 15 minutes at 60 ℃, the temperature was kept for a further 45 minutes, then sodium carbonate solution was added and kept for a further 45 minutes. The fabric is then cold washed and then treated for neutralization, followed by hot washing, soaping and cold washing.

Example 4:

5 grams of cotton fabric was immersed in a water-oil liquid containing a solution of surfactant and reactive dye. And (3) fibers: the ratio of the liquids was 1:20. Surfactant solution was added at PLURONIC PE 10100 g/l, and 1.0% AVITERA-heel SE, 1.0% AVITERA Red SE and 1.0% AVITERA Blue SE (reactive dye) were added relative to the fabric weight. The total water in the dyeing system was 15 grams and the oil was 85 grams. The liquid was then stirred at 30 ℃ for 10 minutes and then heated to 80 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/minute. After 25 minutes at 80 ℃, the temperature was kept for a further 20 minutes and then cooled to 60 ℃ at a rate of 3 ℃/min. Sodium carbonate solution was added at 60 ℃ and kept for a further 40 minutes. The fabric was then washed twice with hot water and further treated for neutralization, followed by soaping and cold washing. The fastness of the intermediate hues was tested and good fastness properties were observed.

Comparative example 4a:

5g of cotton fabric are immersed in water containing a solution of auxiliaries and reactive dyes. And (3) fibers: the ratio of the liquids was 1:10. The auxiliary solution was added with 1g/l ALBATEX DBC (protective colloid), 1g/l ALBATEX C (lubricant), 0.5g/l ALBATEX LD (leveling agent), 1g/l ALBATEX CIR (penetration enhancer), 60g/l mirabilite, and 1.0% AVITERA Yellow SE, 1.0% AVITERA Red and 1.0% AVITERA Blue SE (reactive dye) were added relative to the fabric weight. The total water in the dyeing system was 50 grams. The liquid was then stirred at 30 ℃ for 10 minutes and then heated to 60 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/minute. After 15 minutes at 60 ℃, the temperature was kept for a further 45 minutes, then sodium carbonate solution was added and kept for a further 45 minutes. The fabric is then cold washed and then treated for neutralization, followed by hot washing, soaping and cold washing.

In the examples, linear nonfunctional silicone oils are used.

Color and fastness results:

the light fastness was determined according to ISO 105B 02BW and the wash fastness was determined according to AATCC61 2A (49 degrees, 45 minutes).

Reference to the literature

[1]. Hu, E., Shang, S., Tao, X.-m., Jiang, S., Chiu, K.-l., 2016. Regeneration and reuse of highly polluting textile dyeing effluents through catalytic ozonation with carbon aerogel catalysts. J. Clean. Prod. 137, 1055-1065.

[2]. Ghaly, A., Ananthashankar, R., Alhattab, M., Ramakrishnan, V., 2014. Production, characterization and treatment of textile effluents: a critical review. J. Chem. Eng. Process Technol. 5 (1), 1-19.

[3]. Rosa, J.M., Fileti, A.M., Tambourgi, E.B., Santana, J.C., 2015. Dyeing of cotton with reactive dyestuffs: the continuous reuse of textile wastewater effluent treated by Ultraviolet/Hydrogen peroxide homogeneous photocatalysis. J. Clean. Prod. 90, 60-65.

[4]. Ayadi, I., Souissi, Y., Jlassi, I., Peixoto, F., Mnif, W., 2016. Chemical synonyms, molecular structure and toxicological risk assessment of synthetic textile dyes: a critical review. J Develop Drugs 5 (151), 2.

[5]. Chequer, F.M.D., de Oliveira, G.A.R., Ferraz, E.R.A., Cardoso, J.C., Zanoni, M.V.B., de Oliveira, D.P., 2013. Textile Dyes: Dyeing Process and Environmental Impact, Eco-Friendly Textile Dyeing and Finishing. InTech.

[6]. Khatri, A., Hussain, M., Mohsin, M., & White, M. (2015). A review on developments in dyeing cotton fabrics with reactive dyes for reducing effluent pollution. Journal of Cleaner Production, 87, 50–57.

[7]. Ahmed, A. I. (1995). reactive dyes development: A review. Textile Dyer and Printer,28, 19–24.

[8]. Paluszkiewicz, J., Matyjas, E., & Blus, K. (2002). Di- and tetrafunctional reactive red dyes. Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 64–67.

[9]. Taylor, J. A. (2000). Recent developments in reactive dyes. Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics, 30, 93–106.

[10]. Arivithamani, N., Agnes Mary, S., Senthil Kumar, M., & Giri Dev, V. R. (2014). Keratin hydrolysate as an exhausting agent in textile reactive dyeing process. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 16, 1207–1215.

[11]. Burkinshaw, S. M., Mignanelli, M., Froehling, P. E., & Bide, M. J. (2000). The use of dendrimers to modify the dyeing behavior of reactive dyes on cotton. Dyes and Pigments, 47, 259–267.

[12]. Chattopadhyay, D. P., Chavan, R. B., & Sharma, J. K. (2007). Salt-free reactive dyeing of cotton. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 19(2),99–108.

[13]. Fang, L., Zhang, B., Ma, J., Sun, D., Zhang, B., & Luan, J. (2015). Eco-friendly cationic modification of cotton fabrics for improving utilization of reactive dyes. RSC Advances, 5, 45654–45661.

[14]. Varadarajan, G., & Venkatachalam, P. (2016). Sustainable textile dyeing processes. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 14(1), 113–122.

[15]. Zhang, F., Chen, Y., Lin, H., Wang, H., & Zhao, B. (2008). HBP-NH2grafted cotton fiber: Preparation and salt-free dyeing properties. Carbohydrate Polymer, 74,250–256.

[16]. Pei, L., Liu, J., Wang, J., 2017. Study of dichlorotriazine reactive dye hydrolysis in siloxane reverse micro-emulsion. J. Clean. Prod. 165, 994-1004.

[17]. Shu, D., Fang, K., Liu, X., Cai, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, J., 2018. Cleaner coloration of cotton fabric with reactive dyes using a pad-batch-steam dyeing process. J. Clean. Prod. 196, 935-942.

[18]. Chen, L., Wang, B., Chen, J., Ruan, X., Yang, Y., 2015. Comprehensive study on cellulose swelling for completely recyclable nonaqueous reactive dyeing. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 54 (9), 2439-2446.

[19]. Wang, B., Ruan, X., Chen, L., Chen, J., Yang, Y., 2014. Heterogeneous chemical modification of cotton cellulose with vinyl sulfone dyes in non-nucleophilic organic solvents. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53 (41), 15802-15810.

[20]. Sawada, K., Ueda, M., Kajiwara, K., 2004. Simultaneous dyeing and enzyme processing of fabrics in a non-ionic surfactant reverse micellar system. Dyes and pigments 63(3), 251-258.

[21]. Xia, L., Wang, A., Zhang, C., Liu, Y., Guo, H., Ding, C., Wang, Y., Xu, W., 2018. Environmentally friendly dyeing of cotton in an ethanol–water mixture with excellent exhaustion. Green Chemistry 20(19), 4473-4483

[22]. Zhao, J., Agaba, A., Sui, X., Mao, Z., Xu, H., Zhong, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, B., 2018. A heterogeneous binary solvent system for recyclable reactive dyeing of cotton fabrics. Cellulose, 1-12.

[23]. Cid, M.F., Van Spronsen, J., Van der Kraan, M., Veugelers, W., Woerlee, G., Witkamp, G., 2005. Excellent dye fixation on cotton dyed in supercritical carbon dioxide using fluorotriazine reactive dyes. Green Chem. 7 (8), 609-616.

[24]. Fernandez Cid, M., Gerstner, K., Van Spronsen, J., Van der Kraan, M., Veugelers, W., Woerlee, G., Witkamp, G., 2007. Novel process to enhance the dyeability of cotton in supercritical carbon dioxide. Textile. Res. J. 77 (1), 38-46.

[25]. Acharya, S., Abidi, N., & Rajbhandari, R. (2014). Chemical cationization of cotton fabric for improved dye uptake. Cellulose, 21, 4693–4706.

[26]. De Vries, T. S., Davies, D. R., Miller, M. C., & Cynecki, W. A. (2014). Kinetics of the cationization of cotton. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 53(23),9686–9694.

[27]. Hauser, P. J., & Tabba, A. H. (2001). Improving the environmental and economic aspects of cotton dyeing using a cationised cotton+. Coloration Technology, 117,282–288.

[28]. Montazer, M., Malek, R. M. A., & Rahimi, A. (2007). Salt free reactive dyeing of cationized cotton. Fibers and Polymers, 8(6), 608–612.

[29]. Wang, H., & Lewis, D. M. (2002). Chemical modification of cotton to improve fiber dyeability. Coloration Technology, 118, 159–168.

[30]. Fu, S., Hinks, D., Hauser, P., & Ankeny, M. (2013). High efficiency ultra-deep dyeing of cotton via mercerization and cationization. Cellulose, 20, 3101–3110.

[31]. Wang, L., Ma, W., Zhang, S., Teng, X., & Yang, J. (2009). Preparation of cationic cotton with two-bath pad-bake process and its application in salt-free dyeing. Carbohydrate Polymer, 78, 602–608.

[32]. Jinqiang LIU, Huali MIAO and Shenzheng LI, (2012). Non-aqueous Dyeing of reactive Dyes in D5, Advanced Materials Research, 441, 138-144

[33]. Chengchen Fu, Jiping Wang, Jianzhong Shao, Dongjie Pu, Jiamei Chen & Jinqiang Liu (2015), A non-aqueous dyeing process of reactive dye on cotton, The Journal of The Textile Institute, 106:2, 152-161

[34]. Liujun Pei, Yuni Luo, Muhammad Asad Saleem, Jiping Wang, (2021), Sustainable pilot scale reactive dyeing based on silicone oil for improving dye fixation and reducing discharges, Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 123831.

[35]. Liujun Pei, Xiaomin Gu, Jiping Wang, (2021), Sustainable dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dye in silicone oil emulsion for improving dye uptake and reducing wastewater, Cellulose, 28:2537–2550

[36]. Liu L, Mu B, Li W, Yang Y, Cost-effective reactive dyeing using spent cooking oil for minimal discharge of dyes and salts, Journal of Cleaner Production (2019), doi: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.277.

[37]. Bingnan Mu, Linyun Liu, Wei Li, Yiqi Yang, (2019), A water/cottonseed oil bath with controllable dye sorption for high dyeing quality and minimum discharges, Journal of Cleaner Production, 236, 117566.

Claims

1. A dyeing process for cotton-containing textile materials, wherein the textile material is treated with a liquid comprising at least one reactive dye, at least one silicone oil, at least one surfactant and water.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the staining comprises the steps of:

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of the at least one surfactant in the liquid is from 0.1 to 5.0g/L, preferably from 2 to 4g/L.

4. A method according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising the step of:

(c) Adding a base, preferably at a temperature lower than the temperature in step (b);

(d) Neutralizing and washing the textile material.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weight ratio of the at least one silicone oil to water is from 75:25 to 90:10, preferably from 85:15 to 90:10.

6. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the weight ratio of cotton-containing textile material to liquid is from 1:10 to 1:35.

7. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the amount of the at least one reactive dye in the liquid is from 0.01 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the fabric.

8. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one reactive dye is selected from AVITERA YELLOW SE, AVITERA Red SE, AVITERA Blue SE, AVITERA Deep Blue SE, AVITERA Deep Sea SE, AVITERA Navy SE, AVITERA Orange SE, AVITERA Black SE, AVITERA Rose SE, novacorn Yellow S-3R, NOVACRON Yellow EC-2R, NOVACRON Bold Yellow, NOVACRON Deep Red EC-D, reactive Red 239, NOAVCRON Bold Red, NOAVRON Blue EC-R, NOVACRON Deep Blue S-DC, novacon Navy S-G, NOVACRON Bold Navy, NOAVCRON Bold Deep Navy, NOVACRON Deep night S-R, NOVACRON Scarlet EC-6G, novacon Ruby S-3B, NOVACRON Orange EC-3R, NOVACRON Deep Orange S-4R, novacon Black C-7R, novacon Red EC-2BL, novacon Red n, novacon Blue EC-BN, NOVACRON Dark Blue S-84, and vanacon Red wind-32.

9. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the cotton-containing textile material consists of cotton or comprises cotton blend fabrics; preferably wherein cotton is blended with polyester fabric.

10. Dyed cotton-containing textile material obtainable by a process according to any one of claims 1 to 8.