CN117564289A - Iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- -1 Iridium ruthenium gold Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RSEOPLGIFDMYKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;naphthalen-1-ol Chemical compound CCO.C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 RSEOPLGIFDMYKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- IYWJIYWFPADQAN-LNTINUHCSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O IYWJIYWFPADQAN-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NQZFAUXPNWSLBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide;ruthenium Chemical group [Ru].[Ru].[Ru].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-] NQZFAUXPNWSLBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HLYTZTFNIRBLNA-LNTINUHCSA-K iridium(3+);(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Ir+3].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O HLYTZTFNIRBLNA-LNTINUHCSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane Chemical compound ClCC(CCl)(CCl)CCl KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KFIKNZBXPKXFTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium;dioxido(dioxo)ruthenium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ru]([O-])(=O)=O KFIKNZBXPKXFTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- DSVGQVZAZSZEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Pt] Chemical compound [C].[Pt] DSVGQVZAZSZEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJTCBBYSPFAVFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium ruthenium Chemical group [Ru].[Ir] CJTCBBYSPFAVFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004502 linear sweep voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
The invention discloses an iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structured nano material, a preparation method thereof and application research of the iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structured nano material serving as a catalyst in hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and belongs to the field of noble metal catalysts and new energy catalysis. The preparation method of the nano material provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: 1) Mixing 1-naphthol ethanol solution serving as a reducing agent with chloroauric acid aqueous solution for reaction to obtain gold nanowires; 2) And uniformly mixing the gold nanowires with an iridium source, a ruthenium source and polyalcohol, and carrying out heating reaction in an inert atmosphere to obtain the iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structure nanomaterial. The iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nano material is prepared by adopting a chemical reduction method, is simple and quick, is safe and efficient, is used as a catalyst to be applied to a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen Production (PEMWE) device, has higher anode oxygen evolution catalytic activity, and provides a new thought for the application of the core-shell structured nano material in the field of novel energy catalysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of noble metal catalysts and new energy catalysis, and particularly relates to an iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nanomaterial and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the gradual exhaustion of fossil energy and the increasing increase of environmental pollution, it is urgent to find new clean energy. The hydrogen energy is widely researched as an energy source which has high energy density, high conversion efficiency and environment friendliness and is renewable, and the water electrolysis hydrogen production technology is the most environment-friendly in a plurality of hydrogen production means. Compared with the anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production (AEM), the proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen Production (PEM) has higher hydrogen production efficiency and purity, and the technology is more mature.
Because the surface of the proton exchange membrane has a strong acid environment, only Ir, ru, au, pt and other metals and oxides thereof can resist corrosion under the condition of externally applied voltage. Currently the anode catalysts of PEM electrolysers are mainly focused on Ir, ru-based materials, such as commercial IrO 2 The catalyst, however, has limited its further application at high cost. Therefore, a novel Ir and Ru-based anode catalyst is developed, so that the catalyst has high intrinsic activity and higher performance in a PEM (proton exchange membrane) electrolytic cell under the condition of low Ir and Ru load, and has great significance for the development of the new energy catalysis field in industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structure nanomaterial, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method of the iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structure nanomaterial is simple, quick, safe and efficient, and the prepared iridium-ruthenium-gold nanomaterial has a uniformly dispersed core-shell nanowire morphology and has high activity when being applied to a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production anode reaction.
The invention provides a preparation method of an iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nanomaterial, which comprises the following steps:
s1, heating chloroauric acid and 1-naphthol in a liquid medium for reaction to obtain gold nanowires;
s2, mixing the gold nanowires, an iridium source and a ruthenium source, and performing thermal reduction reaction in the presence of polyalcohol, wherein the polyalcohol is one or more of ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1, 2-propylene glycol and pentaerythritol to obtain iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structure nano-materials; iridium and ruthenium on the surface of the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material exist in an amorphous phase.
Preferably, step S1 includes: mixing chloroauric acid aqueous solution and 1-naphthol ethanol solution, and then heating for reaction, wherein the molar ratio of 1-naphthol to chloroauric acid is 3-15: 1.
preferably, in the step S1, the reaction temperature is 40-80 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-5 min.
Preferably, in step S2, the iridium source is one or more of chloroiridic acid and its salt, iridium acetylacetonate and iridium chloride;
the molar ratio of the iridium source to the gold nanowire is 1-2: 1.
preferably, in step S2, the ruthenium source is one or more of ruthenium chloride, ruthenium acetylacetonate, ruthenium carbonyl and potassium tetrachlororuthenate;
the molar ratio of the ruthenium source to the gold nanowire is 1-4: 1.
preferably, in step S2, the ratio of the amount of the polyol to the iridium source is 1mL: 0.01-0.05 mmol; the dosage ratio of the polyol to the ruthenium source was 1mL:0.01 to 0.1mmol.
Preferably, in step S2, the thermal reduction reaction is performed under an inert atmosphere, the reaction temperature is 100-160 ℃, and the reaction time is 5-12 hours.
The invention provides an iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nanomaterial, which is prepared by the preparation method; the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material is in a uniformly dispersed core-shell nanowire shape, and the diameter is 5-20 nm.
The invention provides application of the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material prepared by the preparation method as a catalyst in hydrogen production anode reaction of water electrolysis of a proton exchange membrane.
Compared with the prior art, the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nano material provided by the invention has higher catalytic activity of an anode oxygen evolution reaction as a catalyst, and can be used as an anode catalytic material in a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production device; the preparation method mainly comprises the steps of firstly preparing gold nanowires, then uniformly mixing the gold nanowires with an iridium source, a ruthenium source and polyalcohol, wherein the polyalcohol is one or more of ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1, 2-propylene glycol and pentaerythritol, and carrying out heating reaction in inert atmosphere to obtain the iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structure nanomaterial. The iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nano material is prepared by adopting a thermal reduction reaction, the prepared nano material is in a uniformly distributed core-shell nanowire shape, and has high activity when being applied to a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production anode reaction as a catalyst, and has wide industrial application prospect. The preparation method is simple, quick, safe and efficient. The synthesis method has high expansibility in preparing the core-shell structure nano material, and provides an effective preparation way for the application of the core-shell structure nano material in the field of novel energy catalysis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image of gold nanowires obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a TEM image of iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nanomaterial prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structured nanomaterial prepared in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of Ir@Au prepared in comparative example 2;
FIG. 5 is a TEM image of Ru@Au prepared in comparative example 3;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing polarization curves of electrochemical oxygen evolution reactions of four catalysts in sulfuric acid solution;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the performance of a hydrogen production device by water electrolysis with a proton exchange membrane with various catalysts.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention with reference to specific embodiments thereof is provided by way of example and explanation only, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way.
The invention provides a preparation method of an iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nanomaterial, which comprises the following steps:
s1, heating chloroauric acid and 1-naphthol in a liquid medium for reaction to obtain gold nanowires;
s2, mixing the gold nanowires, an iridium source and a ruthenium source, and performing thermal reduction reaction in the presence of polyalcohol, wherein the polyalcohol is one or more of ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1, 2-propylene glycol and pentaerythritol to obtain iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structure nano-materials; iridium and ruthenium on the surface of the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material exist in an amorphous phase.
The method for preparing the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nano material has the characteristics of simplicity, rapidness, safety and high efficiency, and the obtained iridium ruthenium gold nano material has the uniformly dispersed core-shell nanowire morphology and has high activity when being applied to the hydrogen production anode reaction of the proton exchange membrane water electrolysis.
Firstly, preparing gold nanowires, preferably using a 1-naphthol ethanol solution as a reducing agent, and mixing and reacting with a chloroauric acid aqueous solution to obtain the gold nanowires. The gold nanowires prepared by the embodiment of the invention have uniform size and length of 100 nm-800 nm, and the like, and are convenient for subsequent reactions.
In the embodiment of the invention, preferably, under the water bath heating condition of 40-80 ℃, adding an ethanol solution of 1-naphthol into an aqueous solution of chloroauric acid, reacting for 1-5 minutes, changing the solution from golden yellow to blue-black, centrifugally collecting a product, washing the product with absolute ethanol and deionized water for a plurality of times, and drying to obtain the gold nanowire. The molar ratio of the 1-naphthol to the chloroauric acid is preferably 3-15: 1, more preferably 8 to 12:1. In some embodiments of the invention, the molar ratio of 1-naphthol to chloroauric acid is 10:1.
preferably, the reaction temperature for preparing the gold nanowire is 40-80 ℃, more preferably 50-70 ℃; in some embodiments of the invention, the reaction temperature is 60 ℃. The reaction time is preferably 1 to 5 minutes, more preferably 2 to 4 minutes; in some embodiments of the invention, the reaction time is 3 minutes.
After the gold nano-wire is obtained, the embodiment of the invention controls the proportion, uniformly mixes the gold nano-wire with an iridium source, a ruthenium source and polyalcohol, reacts under inert atmosphere through heating treatment, can be naturally cooled, and carries out post-treatments such as centrifugation, cleaning, freeze drying and the like on the product to finally obtain the iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structure nano-material.
According to the preparation method, an iridium source and a ruthenium source are reduced by specific polyalcohol, so that iridium particles and ruthenium particles are uniformly distributed on gold nanowires, and the iridium-ruthenium core-shell structure nanomaterial taking gold nanowires as cores and iridium and ruthenium particles as shells is obtained, wherein iridium and ruthenium exist in amorphous phases. Wherein the iridium source is selected from one or more of chloroiridic acid and salts thereof (such as sodium chloroiridate), iridium acetylacetonate and iridium chloride, and more preferably chloroiridic acid. And, the molar ratio of the iridium source to the gold nanowire is controlled to be preferably 1-2: 1, a step of; in some embodiments of the invention, the molar ratio of iridium source to gold nanowires is 1:1, 1.5:1, or 2:1.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the ruthenium source is one or more of ruthenium chloride, ruthenium acetylacetonate, ruthenium carbonyl, and potassium tetrachlororuthenate, more preferably ruthenium chloride; preferably controlling the molar ratio of the ruthenium source to the gold nanowire to be 1-4: 1, in some embodiments of the invention, the molar ratio of ruthenium source to gold nanowire is 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, or 4:1.
In the present invention, the polyhydric alcohol is one or more of ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1, 2-propylene glycol and pentaerythritol, and more preferably ethylene glycol. Further, the ratio of polyol to iridium source is 1mL:0.01 to 0.05mmol, more preferably 1mL: 0.02-0.04 mmol. The ratio of the polyol to ruthenium source is preferably 1mL:0.01 to 0.1mmol, more preferably 1mL:0.04 to 0.08mmol.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the thermal reduction reaction is performed under an inert atmosphere, which may be an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon, or the like. The reaction temperature is preferably 100-160 ℃, more preferably 120-140 ℃, and in some embodiments of the invention, the reaction temperature is 120 ℃; the reaction time may be 5 to 12 hours, more preferably 6 to 10 hours, and in some embodiments of the present invention, the reaction time is 8 hours.
According to the embodiment of the invention, iridium particles and ruthenium particles are uniformly distributed on gold nanowires through a specific polyol reduction reaction under an inert atmosphere; the reaction is a high-temperature thermal reduction reaction, and after the reaction is completed, the obtained product can be subjected to centrifugation, washing and drying post-treatment to obtain a dried product iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material. The solvent for the washing is not particularly limited, and may be any washing solvent known to those skilled in the art, such as absolute ethanol and deionized water. The drying method is not particularly limited, and may be a drying method known to those skilled in the art, such as vacuum drying, normal pressure drying, and freeze drying. In some embodiments of the invention, centrifugal separation is adopted after the reaction is completed, deionized water is selected to wash the product, and then the product is freeze-dried, wherein the freeze-drying time is 8-16 hours.
The preparation method is simple, quick, safe and efficient, and the uniformly dispersed iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structure nano material is obtained through a simple thermal reduction reaction, and has excellent anode catalytic activity.
The invention provides an iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material, which is prepared by the preparation method, and can be recorded as IrRu@Au; the iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structure nano material is in a uniformly dispersed core-shell nanowire shape, iridium particles and ruthenium particles are uniformly distributed on the surface of the gold nanowire, and iridium and ruthenium exist in an amorphous phase. Preferably, the diameter of the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell nanowire is 10-20 nm.
The invention also provides application of the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material prepared by the preparation method as a catalyst in hydrogen production anode reaction of water electrolysis of a proton exchange membrane.
In the embodiment of the invention, the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nano material is used as an anode end catalyst, the assembled membrane electrode is applied to a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and commercial platinum carbon is used as a cathode end catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction; specifically, the catalyst of the anode and the cathode can be respectively sprayed on two sides of a commercial proton exchange membrane by utilizing an ultrasonic spraying method, so that the catalyst loading capacity of the anode end is 0.25mg Ir /cm 2 The catalyst loading at the cathode end was 0.25mg Pt /cm 2 。
The iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nano material is a catalyst material, has higher catalytic activity of an anode oxygen evolution reaction, can be used as an anode catalytic material in a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen Production (PEMWE) device, and provides a new idea for the application of the core-shell structured material in the field of novel energy catalysis.
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are described herein to aid in understanding the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Wherein, the raw materials related to the embodiment of the invention are sold in the market.
Example 1
Synthesis of iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material
1) Under the condition of water bath heating at 60 ℃, 20mL of 0.2M 1-naphthol ethanol solution is added into 20mL of 0.02M chloroauric acid water solution to react for 3min, the solution turns from golden yellow to blue-black, and the product is centrifugally collected and washed with absolute ethanol and deionized water for several times, and then dried to obtain gold nanowires.
2) The molar ratio of the iridium source to the gold nanowire is controlled to be 1:1, the molar ratio of ruthenium source to gold nanowire is 2:1, weighing 40mg of gold nanowires obtained in the step 1), 80mg of chloroiridic acid and 40mg of ruthenium chloride, dissolving in 10mL of ethylene glycol, transferring into a three-necked flask after ultrasonic dispersion is uniform, heating in an oil bath at 120 ℃ for 8 hours under an argon atmosphere, naturally cooling, and carrying out post-treatment of centrifuging, cleaning and freeze-drying (8-16 hours) on the product to finally obtain the iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structure nanomaterial, wherein the product yield is more than 90%.
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of the gold nanowire material prepared in the above step 1); the result shows that the gold nano-wires have different lengths of 200-800nm and uniform diameters of 7-8nm.
Fig. 2 is a TEM image of the iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structure nanomaterial prepared in the above step 2), and the result shows that the iridium particles and the ruthenium particles are uniformly distributed on the surface of the gold nanowire.
Fig. 3 is an XRD pattern of the iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structure nanomaterial prepared in the above step 2), where only characteristic peaks of metal gold exist, and the result shows that iridium and ruthenium on the surface of the iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structure nanomaterial prepared in the invention exist in an amorphous phase.
Acid oxygen evolution reaction catalytic performance test of iridium (II) ruthenium (Ir) gold core-shell structure nano material
The iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nano material is used as a catalyst to be applied to an acidic oxygen evolution reaction. The test adopts a three-electrode test system, a standard silver/silver chloride electrode is used as a reference electrode, and a platinum sheet is used as a counter electrode; 5mg of iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nano material catalyst is weighed and dispersed in 1mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, 10 mu L of 20wt% Nafion solution (Dupont Nafion D2020) is added, after ultrasonic dispersion is uniform, a certain volume of slurry is measured and uniformly coated on a glassy carbon electrode with the diameter of 2mm, so that the loading capacity reaches 0.2mg/cm 2 As a working electrode for testing. A0.5M sulfuric acid solution was used as the electrolyte, and the polarization curve was measured by Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) at a sweep rate of 10mV/s.
(III) Membrane electrode Assembly and Performance test
The iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nano material is used as an anode end catalyst to be applied to a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production device. The test adopts a two-electrode test system, uses commercial platinum carbon as a cathode end catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction, and uses iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material as an anode end catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction. The catalyst of the anode and cathode are respectively sprayed on two sides of a commercial proton exchange membrane by utilizing an ultrasonic spraying method, so that the catalyst loading capacity of the anode end is 0.25mg Ir /cm 2 The catalyst loading at the cathode end was 0.25mg Pt /cm 2 Finally, the film-forming electrode device is assembled for performance test.
Comparative example 1
Commercial IrO 2 Membrane electrode performance test of catalyst
Commercial IrO 2 The catalyst serving as the anode end is applied to a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production device. Testing Using a two electrode test system with commercial platinum carbon as the cathode end catalyst for hydrogen evolution reactions with commercial IrO 2 As an anode end catalyst for oxygen evolution reactions. Ultrasonic spraying method for catalyst of cathode and anodeRespectively spraying on two sides of commercial proton exchange membrane to make anode end catalyst loading be 0.25mg Ir /cm 2 The catalyst loading at the cathode end was 0.25mg Pt /cm 2 Finally, the film-forming electrode device is assembled for performance test.
Comparative example 2
According to the synthesis method of example 1, the catalyst Ir@Au was synthesized, and the molar ratio of iridium source to gold nanowire and polyol was the same as that of the main sample.
Comparative example 3
According to the synthesis method of example 1, the catalyst Ru@Au was synthesized, and the molar ratio of the ruthenium source to the gold nanowires, the polyol, was the same as that of the main sample.
The morphology of the Ir@Au and Ru@Au nano-material comparison catalyst is shown in fig. 4 and 5 respectively. For Ir@Au: the length is basically consistent with that of the Au nanowire, is 200-800nm, and the diameter is slightly thicker than that of the Au nanowire and is about 12 nm; for Ru@Au: the length is basically consistent with that of the Au nanowire, and is 200-800nm, and the diameter is approximately 14 nm. In addition, the commercial iridium oxide morphology of comparative example 1 was spherical particles, with a size of 20-30nm.
Comparative examples 2-3 the method for testing the catalytic performance of the acid oxygen evolution reaction of two nano-materials, the slurry configuration and the working electrode preparation method are the same as those of the main sample; the membrane electrode assembly and performance test methods, slurry configuration and spraying methods of the two nano materials are the same as those of the main sample.
Example 2
Synthesis of iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material
1) The synthesis method of gold nanowires is exactly the same as in step 1) of example 1.
2) The synthesis method of the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nanomaterial is basically the same as that in step 2) of example 1, and only the polyol is replaced by 1, 2-propanediol from ethylene glycol.
Membrane electrode assembly and performance test of iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material
The iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nanomaterial obtained by the method is used as an anode end catalyst to be applied to a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production device, a two-electrode test system is adopted in the test, and the test scheme is identical to that of the embodiment 1.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the polarization curve of the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction of the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nanomaterial of example 1 in sulfuric acid solution as a catalyst, and the result shows that the catalyst has excellent acid OER performance under a three-electrode test system.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the performance of the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nanomaterial of examples 1-2 and other catalysts for use in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production devices, and shows that the results show that the catalyst is used in a hydrogen production device of 2A/cm 2 Commercial IrO at current density of (2) 2 The potential of the catalyst is 2.04V, the potential of Ru@Au is 1.97V, and the potential of Ir@Au is 1.75V; the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nanomaterial catalyst described in embodiment 1 of the present invention has a potential of 1.72V, which is significantly lower than commercial IrO 2 A catalyst. Therefore, the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nano material provided by the invention is used as a catalyst in a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and the performance is superior to that of commercial IrO 2 The catalyst has higher catalytic activity.
The results of the performance test of the catalyst material prepared in example 2 are shown in the IrRu@Au-2 curve in FIG. 7, and the results indicate that the catalyst material is prepared at 2A/cm 2 The potential of the material was 1.74V, also significantly lower than commercial IrO at current densities of 1.74V 2 . Therefore, the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material prepared by the polyol reduction method has higher performance in PEM electrolytic tanks.
The Ir loading of the anode catalyst in the embodiment of the application is 0.25mg/cm 2 This loading was compared to the current commercial control (1.7 mg/cm 2 ) Which is a low load. The iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nano material prepared by the invention has intrinsic high activity, and can also have higher performance in a PEM electrolytic tank under the condition of low Ir and Ru loads.
In conclusion, the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material is prepared by adopting a specific chemical reduction method. The iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nano material provided by the invention has the advantages of simple and quick preparation method, safety and high efficiency, and has higher anode oxygen evolution catalytic activity when being applied to a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production device as a catalyst, so that a new idea is provided for the application of the core-shell structured material in the field of novel energy catalysis, and the method has important significance.
The above description of the embodiments is only for aiding in the understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principle of the invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the technical solution of the invention and the protection of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, heating chloroauric acid and 1-naphthol in a liquid medium for reaction to obtain gold nanowires;
s2, mixing the gold nanowires, an iridium source and a ruthenium source, and performing thermal reduction reaction in the presence of polyalcohol, wherein the polyalcohol is one or more of ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1, 2-propylene glycol and pentaerythritol to obtain iridium-ruthenium-gold core-shell structure nano-materials; iridium and ruthenium on the surface of the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material exist in an amorphous phase.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein step S1 comprises: mixing chloroauric acid aqueous solution and 1-naphthol ethanol solution, and then heating for reaction, wherein the molar ratio of 1-naphthol to chloroauric acid is 3-15: 1.
3. the method according to claim 2, wherein in step S1, the reaction temperature is 40 to 80 ℃ and the reaction time is 1 to 5 minutes.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step S2, the iridium source is one or more of chloroiridic acid and its salts, iridium acetylacetonate and iridium chloride;
the molar ratio of the iridium source to the gold nanowire is 1-2: 1.
5. the preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step S2, the ruthenium source is one or more of ruthenium chloride, ruthenium acetylacetonate, ruthenium carbonyl and potassium ruthenate tetrachloride;
the molar ratio of the ruthenium source to the gold nanowire is 1-4: 1.
6. a process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step S2 the ratio of polyol to iridium source is 1mL: 0.01-0.05 mmol; the dosage ratio of the polyol to the ruthenium source was 1mL:0.01 to 0.1mmol.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein in the step S2, the thermal reduction reaction is performed under an inert atmosphere at a reaction temperature of 100 to 160 ℃ for a reaction time of 5 to 12 hours.
8. An iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structured nanomaterial characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-7; the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material is in a uniformly dispersed core-shell nanowire shape, and the diameter is 10-20 nm.
9. A method for preparing hydrogen by water electrolysis of a proton exchange membrane, which is characterized in that the iridium ruthenium gold core-shell structure nano material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-7 is used as a catalyst in an anode reaction.
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