CN117481003A - Northern organic spring wheat planting method - Google Patents
Northern organic spring wheat planting method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a northern organic spring wheat planting method, which belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation and comprises the following steps: the planting method adopts scientific field management, combines the planting characteristics of organic spring wheat in northern areas, combines Qiu Shiyu spring application with large amount of organic fertilizer required by the organic wheat, performs sowing with a reserved track with a fertilizer, timely presses the green seedlings, effectively combines the functions of preventing diseases by using biological agents and the like, promotes the consistency of the quality of the whole field of the northern organic spring wheat, and obviously improves the yield of the wheat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a northern organic spring wheat planting method.
Background
The planting of the organic crops is in accordance with a specific production principle, organisms and products thereof obtained by genetic engineering are not adopted in the planting production, chemical synthesized pesticides, fertilizers, growth regulators, feed additives and other substances are not used, natural rules and ecological principles are followed, the balance of the planting industry and the breeding industry is coordinated, and an agricultural production mode of continuously stabilizing a production system is maintained. The organic food produced by the organic crops is rapidly developed by the characteristics of resource protection, environmental protection, human health protection, agricultural friendly development maintenance and the like. Under the influence of consumption upgrading, the importance of urban residents on food safety and health is gradually increased, and the demand of green and healthy organic foods is also increased. Wherein wheat is one of main grain crops in China, and development of organic planting is a trend.
The wheat planted in northern areas of China has natural advantages, the land resources in northern areas are relatively large, the land is fertile, the sunshine time is relatively long, sufficient illumination and heat can be provided, the wheat is very suitable for the growth of organic crops, however, in northern severe cold areas, such as transition zones of northern plain and small-Khingan mountains, middle and high latitude of the land, the wheat belongs to the continental monsoon climate in cold temperate zones, the winter temperature is low, the annual precipitation is about 550 mm, winter wheat cannot be planted, the wheat can be planted in one quarter each year only because Ji Wen is insufficient, the special topography and climate characteristics determine that the organic wheat is planted mainly in a flat-seeding dry-farming mode, and chemical inputs such as herbicides, fertilizers, pesticides and growth regulators are forbidden to be used in organic agricultural production, and yield reduction can occur in many cases at the beginning of conversion, especially in areas which are seriously dependent on fertilizers and pesticides originally. The method has the advantages that the surface thawing time of spring is late in northern severe cold regions, so that the spring wheat is planted later, the differentiation period of the spring wheat is shorter than that of winter wheat before the differentiation of the wheat, the quantity of formed small spikes is often less than that of winter wheat, the yield is affected, so that the colloquial meaning of 'early sowing for one day and early harvesting for ten days' is achieved, organic fertilizers are generally required to be intensively applied in the planting process of the organic spring wheat, the concentrated working pressure of the spring is high, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, the seedling emergence and the supplementation are realized, meanwhile, the prevention and the control of the diseases and the insect pests of the organic spring wheat can influence the yield and the quality of the wheat, the mu yield of the organic wheat is difficult to be higher than 300kg in northern regions at present, and the cost of purchasing organic wheat products by consumers is further improved. At present, a comprehensive planting method for effectively promoting the growth of northern organic spring wheat, strengthening the field management level and improving the yield of the organic wheat does not exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a wheat planting method for promoting the growth of organic spring wheat in the north, strengthening the field management level and improving the yield of the organic wheat in the severe cold region in the north.
The above object is achieved by the following technical scheme:
a northern organic spring wheat planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed pretreatment: wheat seeds were sterilized with a 0.8% physcion coating.
S2, fertilizing: the deep seaweed organic fertilizer is applied for 90kg per mu between 25 days and 11 months and 10 days in the last year, the fertilization depth is 10-12 cm, and the row spacing is 10cm. The invention pre-applies 90 kg/mu of organic wheat seed fertilizer in autumn, can effectively decompose concentrated operation pressure and workload in spring, can further advance sowing period, effectively control sowing depth, prevent uneven emergence of seedlings, effectively improve yield, if autumn fertilization is not performed, the soil is frozen by 8-10cm in spring, the soil is frozen by 3-4 cm after autumn fertilization, the harrowing and sowing operation can be performed, the sowing time can be advanced by 7-10 days, and the nutrient conversion in the soil is effectively promoted, thereby improving the fertilizer utilization rate.
S3, sowing: the method comprises the steps of thawing 3-4 cm of soil, mixing 20kg of seaweed organic fertilizer per mu and 20kg of wheat seeds by using a universal drill seeder, plugging four seeder seeding openings by adopting a reserved track way seeding mode, reserving a 50 cm wide track way according to the travelling width of a pesticide spraying machine, and enabling the plant-row spacing of wheat seedlings to be about 10cm. The track-keeping track sowing mode can improve the field standardized management level, the traditional sowing mode needs to be used for spraying the chemical and liquid fertilizer and spraying the chemical machine to directly grind wheat seedlings, the walking track is curved, the problem of heavy spraying and leakage spraying exists, the wheat directly rolled by the prior art cannot be normally mature in the harvest period, only green wheat becomes impurities, the reserved track can save about 3% of seed fertilizer, the same reduces 3% of unqualified seeds, and the quality of organic wheat can be improved and the seed fertilizer is saved. The invention selects to apply the fertilizer to supplement nitrogen element for wheat and simultaneously improves the ground temperature.
S4, green seedling pressing: the wheat seedling is pressed in the leaf stage of 2.5-4 leaves after emergence, preferably in the three-leaf one-core stage, and the seedlings are pressed twice by positive and negative cutting. And the forward and backward cutting operation is carried out for twice, namely, the direction of the second compacting operation is opposite to that of the first compacting operation, so that the mechanical damage can be further increased, and the purposes of root strengthening, tillering promotion and lodging resistance of squatting seedlings are realized.
S5, biological agent control of plant diseases and insect pests:
s501, supplementing nitrogenous fertilizer to leaf surfaces in a jointing period, and spraying 150ml of seaweed liquid fertilizer per mu with 500 times of water; spraying seaweed liquid fertilizer on leaf surfaces in the jointing period to promote the growth of crops;
s502, pest control in the heading period, spraying 150ml of seaweed organic liquid fertilizer, 50ml of 1.5% osthole and 50ml of carvacrol, and adding 500 times of water into each mu of the fertilizer;
s503, pest control in the full-bloom stage, spraying 150ml of seaweed organic liquid fertilizer, 50ml of 1.5% osthole and 50ml of carvacrol, and adding 500 times of water into each mu of the fertilizer; and spraying osthole and carvacrol twice in the heading stage and the flowering stage to prevent and treat gibberellic disease and other diseases. The main point is preventing scab, powdery mildew, rust disease and smut, and also treating aphids, sucking insects, whiteflies and borers. The heading can be prevented when the heading reaches more than 10%, the flowering period is a key period of prevention, and field investigation before and after prevention is performed.
S6, harvesting: harvesting mainly comprises harvesting and sun-picking, and assisted by combination, wherein a sectional harvesting method is adopted, a cutter-rower with a spreading device is used for uniformly spreading scales, picking up the wheat immediately when the grain moisture is less than 18%, and the wheat is harvested in a full-maturing period.
Preferably, the wheat seed variety in step S1 is No. 35 of long wheat. The wheat variety selected by the invention is strong gluten wheat, the number of spikes per mu is 40.8 ten thousand spikes, the number of spikes is 32.2, the thousand grain weight is 35.3 g, and the wheat variety has the potential of stable yield and high quality.
Preferably, the fertilizer in the step S2 is seaweed 4-4-1 organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the fertilizer in the step S3 is seaweed 4-4-1 organic fertilizer.
Preferably, in step S4, the positive and negative cutting operation uses a V-shaped press, and the positive and negative cutting operation is performed in the opposite direction of the first pressing operation after the first pressing operation is completed on the young wheat, so as to further improve the lodging resistance of the wheat. The flat sowing land with good quality can be sowed to the compacting direction; when the integral quality is poor, or the furrow ridge is obviously raked, the stubble is transversely pressed. The operation is to loose and firm ground after pressing, smooth and consistent without pressure leakage, without dragging the stack and reaching the head to the edge.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention effectively combines autumn deep fertilization (the depth of the fertilizer is more than 10 cm), precise sowing with a fertilizer (the plant row spacing of wheat seedlings is about 10 cm), timely compacting, disease prevention and body building by using biological agents and the like in the spring wheat planting process, eliminates the influence of large fertilizer usage amount, long operation time and the sowing period of crops in spring, can effectively advance the sowing period, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, strengthens the seedlings, prevents diseases and effectively expands the yield.
2. Aiming at different leaf ages of wheat, the wheat is pressed for 2 times in sequence to cause mechanical damage, and the purposes of tillering promotion and lodging resistance are further improved.
3. The invention considers the current situation that flat-seeding dry-farming close planting cannot effectively perform field management in the past, reserves a track way of a large-scale self-propelled pesticide spraying machine during sowing, is convenient for 3 times of foliar spraying disease prevention and body building operations, fully improves the field standardization level, simultaneously avoids directly rolling wheat to form lodging and yield reduction, saves 3 percent of wheat seeds and port fertilizers, and further improves the consistency of the whole field quality of organic wheat.
Description of the embodiments
The invention discloses a northern organic spring wheat planting method, which can be realized by combining the related principles of agricultural fertilizer technology and properly improving process parameters by referring to the content of the invention by a person skilled in the art. It is expressly noted that all such similar substitutions and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and are deemed to be included within the scope of the present invention. While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that variations and modifications can be made in the methods and applications described herein, or in appropriate changes and combinations, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
For a better understanding of the present invention, and not to limit its scope, all numbers expressing quantities, percentages, and other values used in the present application are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
A northern organic spring wheat planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection and seed pretreatment: the selected high gluten wheat variety is Dragon wheat No. 36, and is sterilized by seed with 0.8% physcion coating.
(2) And (3) fertilization: the deep seaweed organic fertilizer is applied for 90kg per mu between 25 days and 11 months and 10 days in the last year, the fertilization depth is 10-12 cm, and the row spacing is 10cm.
(3) Sowing: the method comprises the steps of thawing 3-4 cm of soil, using a universal drill seeder with 20kg of seaweed organic fertilizer per mu, 20kg of wheat seeds, carrying out up-down mixing, and 10cm of plant spacing of wheat seedlings, wherein a reserved track sowing mode is adopted for improving the field standardized management level, a baffle plate is designed for a seed metering body of No. 16, no. 17, no. 18 and No. 19 of the whole seeder from right to left by using a 6.3-meter universal seeder, and the seeding machine can firstly sow and not block and then sow and block or otherwise, the method can reserve a chain track of a pesticide sprayer with the width of 50 cm, can reserve a travelling wheel spacing with the width of 3.3 meters, and can avoid repeated adjustment of the wheel spacing when the pesticide sprayer is used for field operation, and only the operation width is required to be adjusted to 25.2 meters.
(4) Pressing green seedlings: the wheat seedling is pressed in the leaf stage of 2.5-4 leaves after emergence, preferably in the three-leaf one-core stage, and the seedlings are pressed twice by forward and backward cutting, so that the functions of sealing soil moisture, squatting seedlings, strengthening stalks and promoting tillering are achieved.
(5) Biological agent for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests:
(51) And (5) supplementing nitrogenous fertilizer to leaf surfaces in the jointing period. 150ml of seaweed liquid fertilizer is sprayed per mu and 500 times of water is added.
(52) And (5) pest control in the heading stage. 150ml of seaweed organic liquid fertilizer, 50ml of 1.5% osthole and 50ml of carvacrol are sprayed per mu, and 500 times of water is added.
(53) And (5) pest control in the full-bloom stage. 150ml of seaweed organic liquid fertilizer, 50ml of 1.5% osthole and 50ml of carvacrol are sprayed per mu, and 500 times of water is added.
(6) Harvesting: harvesting mainly comprises harvesting and picking up grass, and jointly comprises assistance. By adopting a segmented harvesting method, a cutter-rower with a spreader is used for uniformly cutting and laying fish scales, and when the moisture of seeds is less than 18%, picking up the grass immediately. Wheat reaches the finishing stage for combined harvest.
Example 2
A northern organic spring wheat planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection and seed pretreatment: the selected high gluten wheat variety is Dragon wheat No. 36, and is sterilized by seed with 0.8% physcion coating.
(2) And (3) fertilization: the deep seaweed organic fertilizer is applied for 90kg per mu between 25 days of last 10 months and 10 days of 11 months, the fertilization depth is 8-10cm, and the row spacing is 10cm.
(3) Sowing: in the soil thawing 3-4 cm, using general drill seeder with seaweed organic fertilizer 15kg per mu and wheat seed 20kg, mixing up and down, adopting reserved track sowing mode to raise field standard management level, taking 6.3 m general machine as example, requiring the whole seeder to design baffle for seed metering bodies 16 th, 17 th, 18 th and 19 th from right to left, sowing non-blocking and then sowing blocking or vice versa. The method can reserve the chain track of the pesticide spraying machine with the width of 50 cm, and can reserve the travelling wheel tread with the width of 3.3 meters, thereby avoiding repeated adjustment of the wheel tread when the pesticide spraying machine works in a field, and only the operation width is required to be adjusted to 25.2 meters.
(4) Pressing green seedlings: the wheat seedling is pressed in the leaf stage of 2.5-4 leaves after emergence, preferably in the three-leaf one-core stage, and the seedlings are pressed twice by forward and backward cutting, so that the functions of sealing soil moisture, squatting seedlings, strengthening stalks and promoting tillering are achieved.
(5) Biological agent for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests:
(51) And (5) supplementing nitrogenous fertilizer to leaf surfaces in the jointing period. 150ml of seaweed liquid fertilizer is sprayed per mu and 400 times of water is added.
(52) And (5) pest control in the heading stage. 150ml of seaweed organic liquid fertilizer, 50ml of 1.5% osthole and 50ml of carvacrol are sprayed per mu, and 400 times of water is added.
(53) And (5) pest control in the full-bloom stage. 150ml of seaweed organic liquid fertilizer, 50ml of 1.5% osthole and 50ml of carvacrol are sprayed per mu, and 400 times of water is added.
(6) Harvesting: harvesting mainly comprises harvesting and picking up grass, and jointly comprises assistance. By adopting a segmented harvesting method, a cutter-rower with a spreader is used for uniformly cutting and laying fish scales, and when the moisture of seeds is less than 18%, picking up the grass immediately. Wheat reaches the finishing stage for combined harvest.
Comparative example 1
A northern organic spring wheat planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection and seed pretreatment: the selected high gluten wheat variety is Dragon wheat No. 36, and is sterilized by seed with 0.8% physcion coating.
(2) And (3) fertilization: the seaweed organic fertilizer is deeply applied in spring in the current year, the fertilizer application depth is 8-10cm, and the row spacing is 10cm.
(3) Sowing: in the soil thawing 3-4 cm, using general drill seeder with 20kg seaweed organic fertilizer and 20kg wheat seed per mu, mixing up and down, adopting reserved track sowing mode to raise field standard management level, taking 6.3 m general machine as example, requiring the whole seeder to design baffle for seed metering bodies of No. 16, no. 17, no. 18 and No. 19 from right to left, sowing firstly and blocking later or vice versa. The method can reserve the chain track of the pesticide spraying machine with the width of 50 cm, and can reserve the travelling wheel tread with the width of 3.3 meters, thereby avoiding repeated adjustment of the wheel tread when the pesticide spraying machine works in a field, and only the operation width is required to be adjusted to 25.2 meters.
(4) Pressing green seedlings: the wheat seedling is pressed in the leaf stage of 2.5-4 leaves after emergence, preferably in the three-leaf one-core stage, and the seedling is pressed once to seal the soil moisture and raise the seedling and strengthen the stalk and promote tillering.
(5) Biological agent for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests:
(51) And (5) supplementing nitrogenous fertilizer to leaf surfaces in the jointing period. 150ml of seaweed liquid fertilizer is sprayed per mu and 200 times of water is added.
(52) And (5) pest control in the heading stage. 150ml of seaweed organic liquid fertilizer, 50ml of 1.5% osthole and 50ml of carvacrol are sprayed per mu, and 200 times of water is added.
(53) And (5) pest control in the full-bloom stage. 150ml of seaweed organic liquid fertilizer, 50ml of 1.5% osthole and 50ml of carvacrol are sprayed per mu, and 200 times of water is added.
(6) Harvesting: harvesting mainly comprises harvesting and picking up grass, and jointly comprises assistance. By adopting a segmented harvesting method, a cutter-rower with a spreader is used for uniformly cutting and laying fish scales, and when the moisture of seeds is less than 18%, picking up the grass immediately. Wheat reaches the finishing stage for combined harvest.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example 2 and the comparative example 1 is that the biological agent is used for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, wood vinegar diluent is uniformly sprayed to wheat in the tillering stage, and then the wood vinegar diluent is sprayed to the heading stage every 25-30 days.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example 3 is different from the comparative example 1 in that the seeding adopts the method of thawing 3-4 cm in soil, 20kg per mu of fertilizer and 20kg of wheat seeds are planted by using a general drill seeder, the seeds are mixed up and down, and a reserved track seeding mode is not adopted.
The methods of example 1, example 2, comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were used for planting in northeast China, the planting plots were adjacent, and the results are shown in table 1:
table 1: examples and comparative examples planting effects of organic wheat planting methods
| Project | Example 1 | Example 2 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Seedling stage | 4 months and 26 days | 5 months 1 day | 5 months and 7 days | 5 months and 7 days | 5 months and 7 days |
| Heading stage | 6 month 13 day | 6 months and 18 days | 6 month 22 day | 6 month 22 day | 6 month 22 day |
| Mu effective spike number (ten thousand plants) | 21.6 | 20.5 | 19.3 | 19.2 | 19.5 |
| Spike number (number) | 54.2 | 48.6 | 42.8 | 42.1 | 42.3 |
| Thousand-grain weight (gram) | 38.2 | 36.7 | 33.6 | 33.5 | 33.2 |
| Yield measurement (kg/mu) | 402.5 | 365.6 | 277.5 | 265.3 | 264.7 |
| Yield of actual harvest (kg/mu) | 386.3 | 347.5 | 263.4 | 252.6 | 249.8 |
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with comparative example 1, the invention effectively combines the fertilization operation of organic wheat in autumn, the sowing of the fertilizer with the reserved track, the pressing of the green seedlings twice in time, the disease prevention and body building by using biological agents, and the like, and can effectively improve the yield. Meanwhile, according to the comparative example 2, the biological agent is adopted to spray for different growth periods, so that the fertilizer can be supplemented, the growth can be promoted, the disease can be prevented and cured, and the purposes of improving quality and increasing yield can be effectively achieved. In addition, according to the comparative example 3, the present invention considers the current situation that the flat-seeding dry-farming close planting can not perform effective field management in the past, reserves a track way of a large-scale self-propelled pesticide spraying machine during sowing, avoids directly rolling wheat to form lodging and yield reduction, saves 3% wheat seeds and fertilizer, and further improves the consistency of the whole field quality of northern organic spring wheat.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention by making equivalents and modifications to the technical solution and the inventive concept thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A northern organic spring wheat planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed pretreatment: sterilizing wheat seeds by using 0.8% physcion coating;
s2, fertilizing: deep-fertilizing seaweed organic fertilizer with 90kg per mu between 25 days and 11 months and 10 days in the last year, fertilizing depth of 10-12 cm and row spacing of 10cm;
s3, sowing: 3-4 cm of soil thawing, 20kg of seaweed per mu and 20kg of wheat seeds are carried by using a universal drill seeder, the seaweed is mixed up and down, a reserved track way seeding mode is adopted, four seeder seeding openings are blocked, and a 50 cm wide track way is reserved according to the travelling width of a pesticide spraying machine;
s4, green seedling pressing: the wheat is carried out in 2.5-4 leaf stages after emergence of seedlings, and forward and backward cutting is adopted for twice green seedling pressing operation;
s5, biological agent control of plant diseases and insect pests:
s501, supplementing nitrogenous fertilizer to leaf surfaces in a jointing period, and spraying 150ml of seaweed liquid fertilizer per mu with 500 times of water;
s502, pest control in the heading period, spraying 150ml of seaweed organic liquid fertilizer, 50ml of 1.5% osthole and 50ml of carvacrol, and adding 500 times of water into each mu of the fertilizer;
s503, pest control in the full-bloom stage, spraying 150ml of seaweed organic liquid fertilizer, 50ml of 1.5% osthole and 50ml of carvacrol, and adding 500 times of water into each mu of the fertilizer;
s6, harvesting: harvesting mainly comprises harvesting and sun-picking, and assisted by combination, wherein a sectional harvesting method is adopted, a cutter-rower with a spreading device is used for uniformly spreading scales, picking up the wheat immediately when the grain moisture is less than 18%, and the wheat is harvested in a full-maturing period.
2. The method for planting organic spring wheat in north of claim 1, wherein the wheat seed variety in step S1 is No. 35 of long wheat.
3. The method for planting northern organic spring wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seaweed organic fertilizer in the step S2 is seaweed 4-4-1 organic fertilizer.
4. The method for planting northern organic spring wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seaweed organic fertilizer in the step S3 is seaweed 4-4-1 organic fertilizer.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 of pressing the seedlings twice by the forward and reverse cutting uses a V-shaped press.
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