CN107494099A - A kind of Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method - Google Patents

A kind of Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107494099A
CN107494099A CN201710916712.1A CN201710916712A CN107494099A CN 107494099 A CN107494099 A CN 107494099A CN 201710916712 A CN201710916712 A CN 201710916712A CN 107494099 A CN107494099 A CN 107494099A
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rice
fertilizer
field
tillage
water
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顾鹏威
卢月美
韦炜
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Guangxi Lucky Investment Co Ltd
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Guangxi Lucky Investment Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method, comprise the following steps:Step（1）：1. draining；2. weeding；3. soaked field of pouring water；4. smooth field face；Step（2）：Fertilising is combined when full field rice shoot is upright use herbicide after rice transplanting；Step（3）：First shallow-layer is poured water after rice transplanting, after having thrown seedling 7d, is allowed to dry water, spray herbicide, to fertilize；Step（4）：Organic fertilizer is carried out in fertilising, inorganic fertilizer is combined, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer are engaged；Organic fertilizer accounts for more than the 30% of total dose, purity nitrogen:Phosphorus pentoxide:The ratio of potassium oxide is 1:0.5:1, zinc sulfate is 1 2kg.The present invention is by strictly optimizing each planting link, obtain optimal Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method, herbicide weeding is employed many times in this method, it is more to avoid free-plowing and directly-seeding weeds in the prior art, the problem of crop smothering seriously and is paid, the more conventional culturing and transplanting seedlings of yield are high by more than 3.0%, are a kind of abridged edition saving of labor, energy-conserving and environment-protective, the rice calli of high-yield and high-efficiency.

Description

A kind of Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, and in particular to a kind of Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method.
Background technology
No-tillage is one of core technology of conservation tillage.Conservation tillage refers to:Mainly using do mechanization operation as hand Section, farming operation is reduced to can guarantee that germination, while with agricultural crop straw and crop residue cover earth's surface, and mainly use Agricultural chemicals carrys out a kind of farming technique of disease and pest control and weeds." zero tillage " refers to broadcast before completely without farming, only applied before broadcasting Carry out minimal amount of opening trough and cave operation to ensure that seed has enough spaces and soil to cover with herbicide and at seeding time Amount, and stalk is still overlying on earth's surface to reduce soil erosion.1984, soil protection office of United States Department of Agriculture was by conservation tillage weight A kind of minimum Soil tillage management for being equipped with a large amount of stalks, crop residue cover is newly defined as, and using straw mulching quantity as partitioning standards Conservation tillage is divided into no-tillage and minimal tilled.Wherein, it is no-tillage require preceding crop harvest after stalk and crop residue cover amount be more than 30%, and it is aided with other methods of cultivation and planting system that can reduce soil erosion.Due to each department soil, weather conditions and Planting system is different, causes the no-tillage specific methods of cultivation to be not quite similar.At present, China is more likely to subtracting with farming workload Few degree divides, and the development suited measures to local conditions has the no-tillage with straw mulch of regional characteristics, no-tillage ridge culture and do not ploughed etc. no-tillage Type.
As the fast development increased rapidly with economic society of population, China are increasing to the demand of grain.For Ensuring Food Safety, China have put into effect a series of cultivated land protection measures, and do not turn off the productive potentialities for finding there is farmland --- Raise the multiple-cropping index, increase soil working frequency, increase soil irrigated area, application fertilizer agricultural chemicals etc..These measures are guarantee China's grain security plays great function, but manually, a large amount of inputs of machinery and agriculture chemical, greatly reduce grain-production Benefit, it also result in serious soil erosion and environmental pollution.Draw on the experience of other countries in development, it is actual with reference to itself agricultural development, China has started the exploration of no-tillage technology in the 60's of 20th century.By the development of nearly over half a century, nonirrigated farmland no-tillage cultivation Technology obtains a wide range of popularization and application on the dry crops such as wheat, soybean, corn, sorghum.As a result show, no-tillage cultivation technology Destruction of the Agricultural Activities to environment is greatly reduced, considerably improves the productivity effect of dry crop.Due to Traditional Rice The indirect and disguise of field farming technique effect on environment, and Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice auxiliary facility and production idea fall Afterwards, the development of Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice technology lags far behind dry crop.In recent years, China's Rice Production faces a series of ask Topic:Process of industrialization accelerates to cause people engaged in agriculture to fall sharply, aging population aggravation;Rice Production scale and mechanization Process is slow, and the labour-intensive Rice Production pattern of tradition causes Rice Production inefficiencies;Grain purchase of preventing stock prices from falling causes grain Price international competitiveness is low, and the provision price that China's grain security strategy and world market economy are dominated is particularly thorny.These Problem forces China to have to change existing Rice Production pattern, and develops and promote Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice technology, can yet be regarded as One effective way.
The content of the invention
To solve above-mentioned the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method, has knot fringe Rate is high, and rice is of fine quality, saves artificial, saves fertilizer, the advantages of water-saving.
To achieve these goals, the following technical scheme of present invention offer, a kind of Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method, including it is following Step：
Step（1）Rice field is handled：1. draining：Early season 1-2d before herbicide spraying drains water in field；Late season arranges when early rice is gathered in Dry water in field；2. weeding：Early rice 10-15d before rice transplanting, late rice dusk on same day herbicide spraying after early season harvesting kill early rice rice Stake, weeds；3. soaked field of pouring water：Poured water after herbicide spraying 2-3d soaked field, early rice immersion rice field 7-10d, late rice immersion rice field 2- 4d；4. smooth field face：Field is manually bulldozed before rice transplanting；
Step（2）Chemical weed control：Early rice after rice transplanting 5-7d, in, late rice after rice transplanting 4-5d, combined when full field rice shoot is upright Fertilising uses herbicide；
Step（3）Water management：First shallow-layer is poured water after rice transplanting, after having thrown seedling 7d, is allowed to dry water, spray herbicide, to fertilize；2nd day 3cm water layers are filled, keep not draining in 3-4d；Tillering stage fills 2cm thin water layers；When every mu of seedling number reaches plan spike number 80%, start Open field dry field；Ear differentiation to blooming stage keeps shoaling layer, and pustulation period intermittent irrigation, alternation of wetting and drying, 7d cuts off the water supply before harvest；
Step（4）Fertilizing management：Organic fertilizer is carried out in fertilising, inorganic fertilizer is combined, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer are engaged；Organic fertilizer, which accounts for, always to be applied More than the 30% of fertilizer amount, purity nitrogen:Phosphorus pentoxide:The ratio of potassium oxide is 1:0.5:1, zinc sulfate 1-2kg；Fertilization mode is Base fertilizer applies the 40%, the 40% of potassium application total amount of nitrogen pool, and phosphate fertilizer whole dosage makees base fertilizer；4-5d applies rush fetilizer for tillering after rice transplanting, point The 30% of other nitrogen fertilizer application and potash fertilizer total amount；Fringe granulated fertilizer is applied in remainder leaf number 1.5, dosage accounts for the 30% of nitrogenous fertilizer 30% and potash fertilizer total amount； Seedlings of cereal crops leaf color is partially light after full heading time will spray foliar fertilizer, and every mu is watered 50kg sprays with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150g, urea 500g every time Apply, extension function leaf and photosynthetic capacity, improve knot fringe rate.
Further, the step（2）Herbicide occupation mode be the careless jinx's wettable powder 7- of every mu of administration 1% 10g, 10% Nongdeshi wettable powder 13-15g, 1% weed eradication king's wettable powder 10-15g, 12% dislike careless missible oil 100-120mL, 50% One kind in Benthiocarb 200-250mL, 96% molinate 100-125mL, 50% auspicious winged special missible oil 35-50mL, method of application To spread fertilizer over the fields after mixing fine earth or chemical fertilizer.
Further, the step（4）The dosage of purity nitrogen is 8-12kg/ mus, the dosage of phosphorus pentoxide is 4-12kg/ Mu, the dosage of potassium oxide are 3.2-4.8kg/ mus.
Further, the no-tillage cultivation density of the rice is 1.6 ten thousand nests/mu, and planting type is the no-tillage of the narrow strain of wide row It is live.
In summary, the present invention has the advantages that as a result of such scheme：The present invention is by strictly optimizing Each planting link, optimal Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method is obtained, herbicide weeding is employed many times in this method, avoids existing skill The problem of free-plowing and directly-seeding weeds are more in art, and crop smothering seriously and is paid, the more conventional culturing and transplanting seedlings of yield are high by more than 3.0%, It is a kind of abridged edition saving of labor, energy-conserving and environment-protective, the rice calli of high-yield and high-efficiency.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method, comprises the following steps：
Step（1）Rice field is handled：1. draining：Early season 2d before herbicide spraying drains water in field；Late season drains when early rice is gathered in Water in field；2. weeding：Early rice 15d before rice transplanting, late rice dusk on same day herbicide spraying after early season harvesting kill early rice rice stub, miscellaneous Grass；3. soaked field of pouring water：Poured water after herbicide spraying 2d soaked field, early rice immersion rice field 9d, late rice immersion rice field 3d；4. smooth field Face：Field is manually bulldozed before rice transplanting；
Step（2）Chemical weed control：Early rice after rice transplanting 6d, in, late rice after rice transplanting 5d, when full field rice shoot is upright combine fertilising Use herbicide；
Step（3）Water management：First shallow-layer is poured water after rice transplanting, after having thrown seedling 7d, is allowed to dry water, spray herbicide, to fertilize；2nd day 3cm water layers are filled, keep not draining in 3d；Tillering stage fills 2cm thin water layers；When every mu of seedling number reaches plan spike number 80%, start to reveal Field dry field；Ear differentiation to blooming stage keeps shoaling layer, and pustulation period intermittent irrigation, alternation of wetting and drying, 7d cuts off the water supply before harvest；
Step（4）Fertilizing management：Organic fertilizer is carried out in fertilising, inorganic fertilizer is combined, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer are engaged；Organic fertilizer, which accounts for, always to be applied More than the 30% of fertilizer amount, purity nitrogen:Phosphorus pentoxide:The ratio of potassium oxide is 1:0.5:1, zinc sulfate 1.8kg；Fertilization mode is Base fertilizer applies the 40%, the 40% of potassium application total amount of nitrogen pool, and phosphate fertilizer whole dosage makees base fertilizer；5d applies rush fetilizer for tillering after rice transplanting, respectively The 30% of nitrogen fertilizer application and potash fertilizer total amount；Fringe granulated fertilizer is applied in remainder leaf number 1.5, dosage accounts for the 30% of nitrogenous fertilizer 30% and potash fertilizer total amount；Together Seedlings of cereal crops leaf color is partially light after ear period will spray foliar fertilizer, and every mu is watered 50kg and is sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150g, urea 500g every time, Extension function leaf and photosynthetic capacity, improve knot fringe rate.
Wherein, step（2）Herbicide occupation mode be every mu of weed eradication king wettable powder 10-15g of administration 1%, using side Formula is to be spread fertilizer over the fields after mixing chemical fertilizer；
Step（4）The dosage of purity nitrogen is 10kg/ mus, the dosage of phosphorus pentoxide is 10kg/ mus, the dosage of potassium oxide is 4.5kg/ Mu；
The no-tillage cultivation density of rice is 1.6 ten thousand nests/mu, and planting type is the no-tillage and direct-seeding of the narrow strain of wide row.
The present embodiment harvest early rice 6789.3kg/hm2, late rice 9208.6kg/hm2 。
Embodiment 2
A kind of Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method, comprises the following steps：
Step（1）Rice field is handled：1. draining：Early season 2d before herbicide spraying drains water in field；Late season drains when early rice is gathered in Water in field；2. weeding：Early rice 15d before rice transplanting, late rice dusk on same day herbicide spraying after early season harvesting kill early rice rice stub, miscellaneous Grass；3. soaked field of pouring water：Poured water after herbicide spraying 3d soaked field, early rice immersion rice field 10d, late rice immersion rice field 4d；4. smooth field Face：Field is manually bulldozed before rice transplanting；
Step（2）Chemical weed control：Early rice after rice transplanting 7d, in, late rice after rice transplanting 5d, when full field rice shoot is upright combine fertilising Use herbicide；
Step（3）Water management：First shallow-layer is poured water after rice transplanting, after having thrown seedling 7d, is allowed to dry water, spray herbicide, to fertilize；2nd day 3cm water layers are filled, keep not draining in 4d；Tillering stage fills 2cm thin water layers；When every mu of seedling number reaches plan spike number 80%, start to reveal Field dry field；Ear differentiation to blooming stage keeps shoaling layer, and pustulation period intermittent irrigation, alternation of wetting and drying, 7d cuts off the water supply before harvest；
Step（4）Fertilizing management：Organic fertilizer is carried out in fertilising, inorganic fertilizer is combined, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer are engaged；Organic fertilizer, which accounts for, always to be applied More than the 30% of fertilizer amount, purity nitrogen:Phosphorus pentoxide:The ratio of potassium oxide is 1:0.5:1, zinc sulfate 2kg；Fertilization mode is bottom Fertilizer applies the 40%, the 40% of potassium application total amount of nitrogen pool, and phosphate fertilizer whole dosage makees base fertilizer；5d applies rush fetilizer for tillering after rice transplanting, applies respectively The 30% of nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer total amount；Fringe granulated fertilizer is applied in remainder leaf number 1.5, dosage accounts for the 30% of nitrogenous fertilizer 30% and potash fertilizer total amount；Qi Sui Seedlings of cereal crops leaf color is partially light after phase will spray foliar fertilizer, and every mu is watered 50kg and is sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150g, urea 500g every time, is prolonged Long functional leaf and photosynthetic capacity, improve knot fringe rate.
Wherein, step（2）Herbicide occupation mode be every mu of molinate 125mL of administration 96%, method of application is mixes chemical fertilizer After spread fertilizer over the fields.
Step（4）The dosage of purity nitrogen is 12kg/ mus, the dosage of phosphorus pentoxide is 12kg/ mus, the dosage of potassium oxide is 4.8kg/ mu.
The no-tillage cultivation density of rice is 1.6 ten thousand nests/mu, and planting type is the no-tillage and direct-seeding of the narrow strain of wide row.
6628. 5 kg of the present embodiment harvest early rice/hm2, 8857. 4 kg of late rice/hm2 。
Embodiment 3
A kind of Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method, comprises the following steps：
Step（1）Rice field is handled：1. draining：Early season 1d before herbicide spraying drains water in field；Late season drains when early rice is gathered in Water in field；2. weeding：Early rice 12d before rice transplanting, late rice dusk on same day herbicide spraying after early season harvesting kill early rice rice stub, miscellaneous Grass；3. soaked field of pouring water：Poured water after herbicide spraying 3d soaked field, early rice immersion rice field 7d, late rice immersion rice field 2d；4. smooth field Face：Field is manually bulldozed before rice transplanting；
Step（2）Chemical weed control：Early rice after rice transplanting 5d, in, late rice after rice transplanting 4d, when full field rice shoot is upright combine fertilising Use herbicide；
Step（3）Water management：First shallow-layer is poured water after rice transplanting, after having thrown seedling 7d, is allowed to dry water, spray herbicide, to fertilize；2nd day 3cm water layers are filled, keep not draining in 3d；Tillering stage fills 2cm thin water layers；When every mu of seedling number reaches plan spike number 80%, start to reveal Field dry field；Ear differentiation to blooming stage keeps shoaling layer, and pustulation period intermittent irrigation, alternation of wetting and drying, 7d cuts off the water supply before harvest；
Step（4）Fertilizing management：Organic fertilizer is carried out in fertilising, inorganic fertilizer is combined, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer are engaged；Organic fertilizer, which accounts for, always to be applied More than the 30% of fertilizer amount, purity nitrogen:Phosphorus pentoxide:The ratio of potassium oxide is 1:0.5:1, zinc sulfate 1kg；Fertilization mode is bottom Fertilizer applies the 40%, the 40% of potassium application total amount of nitrogen pool, and phosphate fertilizer whole dosage makees base fertilizer；4d applies rush fetilizer for tillering after rice transplanting, applies respectively The 30% of nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer total amount；Fringe granulated fertilizer is applied in remainder leaf number 1.5, dosage accounts for the 30% of nitrogenous fertilizer 30% and potash fertilizer total amount；Qi Sui Seedlings of cereal crops leaf color is partially light after phase will spray foliar fertilizer, and every mu is watered 50kg and is sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150g, urea 500g every time, is prolonged Long functional leaf and photosynthetic capacity, improve knot fringe rate.
Wherein, step（2）Herbicide occupation mode be every mu of weed eradication king wettable powder 10g of administration 1%, method of application To spread fertilizer over the fields after mixing fine earth.
Step（4）The dosage of purity nitrogen is 8kg/ mus, the dosage of phosphorus pentoxide is 8kg/ mus, the dosage of potassium oxide is 4.2kg/ mu.
The no-tillage cultivation density of rice is 1.6 ten thousand nests/mu, and planting type is the no-tillage and direct-seeding of the narrow strain of wide row.
6573. 7 kg of the present embodiment harvest early rice/hm2, 8606. 8 kg of late rice/hm2 。
The preferred embodiment of invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, all spirit in the present invention Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.

Claims (4)

  1. A kind of 1. Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    Step（1）Rice field is handled：1. draining：Early season 1-2d before herbicide spraying drains water in field；Late season arranges when early rice is gathered in Dry water in field；2. weeding：Early rice 10-15d before rice transplanting, late rice dusk on same day herbicide spraying after early season harvesting kill early rice rice Stake, weeds；3. soaked field of pouring water：Poured water after herbicide spraying 2-3d soaked field, early rice immersion rice field 7-10d, late rice immersion rice field 2- 4d；4. smooth field face：Field is bulldozed before rice transplanting；
    Step（2）Chemical weed control：Early rice after rice transplanting 5-7d, in, late rice after rice transplanting 4-5d, combined when full field rice shoot is upright Fertilising uses herbicide；
    Step（3）Water management：First shallow-layer is poured water after rice transplanting, after having thrown seedling 7d, is allowed to dry water, spray herbicide, to fertilize；2nd day 3cm water layers are filled, keep not draining in 3-4d；Tillering stage fills 2cm thin water layers；When every mu of seedling number reaches plan spike number 80%, start Open field dry field；Ear differentiation to blooming stage keeps shoaling layer, and pustulation period intermittent irrigation, alternation of wetting and drying, 7d cuts off the water supply before harvest；
    Step（4）Fertilizing management：Organic fertilizer is carried out in fertilising, inorganic fertilizer is combined, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer are engaged；Organic fertilizer, which accounts for, always to be applied More than the 30% of fertilizer amount, purity nitrogen:Phosphorus pentoxide:The ratio of potassium oxide is 1:0.5:1, zinc sulfate 1-2kg；Fertilization mode is Base fertilizer applies the 40%, the 40% of potassium application total amount of nitrogen pool, and phosphate fertilizer whole dosage makees base fertilizer；4-5d applies rush fetilizer for tillering after rice transplanting, point The 30% of other nitrogen fertilizer application and potash fertilizer total amount；Fringe granulated fertilizer is applied in remainder leaf number 1.5, dosage accounts for the 30% of nitrogenous fertilizer 30% and potash fertilizer total amount； Seedlings of cereal crops leaf color is partially light after full heading time will spray foliar fertilizer, and every mu is watered 50kg sprays with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150g, urea 500g every time Apply.
  2. A kind of 2. Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（2）Herbicide Occupation mode is the careless jinx's wettable powder 7-10g of every mu of administration 1%, 10% Nongdeshi wettable powder 13-15g, 1% weed eradication king can WP 10-15g, 12% dislike careless missible oil 100-120mL, 50% Benthiocarb 200-250mL, 96% molinate 100- One kind in 125mL, 50% auspicious winged special missible oil 35-50mL, method of application are to be spread fertilizer over the fields after mixing fine earth or chemical fertilizer.
  3. A kind of 3. Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（4）The use of purity nitrogen The dosage measured as 8-12kg/ mus, phosphorus pentoxide is 4-12kg/ mus, the dosage of potassium oxide is 3.2-4.8kg/ mus.
  4. A kind of 4. Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The no-tillage cultivation of the rice is close Degree is 1.6 ten thousand nests/mu, and planting type is the no-tillage and direct-seeding of the narrow strain of wide row.
CN201710916712.1A 2017-09-30 2017-09-30 A kind of Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice method Withdrawn CN107494099A (en)

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Application publication date: 20171222