CN117364008A - 一种高耐磨性铝合金镀层钢板的制备方法及其钢板 - Google Patents
一种高耐磨性铝合金镀层钢板的制备方法及其钢板 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 13
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018569 Al—Zn—Mg—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;iron Chemical compound [AlH3].[Fe] KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016570 AlCu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017706 MgZn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005269 aluminizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高耐磨性铝合金镀层钢板的制备方法及其钢板,方法包括冶炼、铸造、热轧、酸洗、冷轧、连续热浸镀;镀后冷却工艺为:出铝锅、气刀后立即以15±2℃/s的冷却速度将镀层温度冷却到600±5℃,然后立即以25±5℃/s的速度冷却到300±10℃,进入转向辊,风冷至120℃以下,进入水冷;水冷至室温后,在光整机上对镀层进行轧制变形,轧制力300~600吨,镀层变形量控制在2%~10%,在随后的辊涂环节进行低温处理,处理温度为200±50℃,时间为3‑10s。采用该方法生产的铝合金镀层钢板,能够在多种严酷的条件下使用,且镀层钢板具备极好的耐磨损耐腐蚀性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于铝合金镀层钢板生产领域,尤其涉及一种高耐磨性铝合金镀层钢板的制备方法及其钢板。
背景技术
热浸镀镀铝工艺有两种,一种是热浸镀纯铝,另一种是热浸镀铝硅合金镀层,就是在铝中添加Si元素约10%制成的铝硅合金。纯铝镀层的相组成较为单一,就是纯铝相及铁铝合金层;铝硅镀层相组成除纯铝相及铁铝合金层外,还包括硅的单质相。
这两种工艺所获得的镀层强度较低,耐磨损和耐划伤性能较差,不能够满足高耐磨高耐蚀的服役环境。
本发明采用添加合金元素、优化热浸镀工艺和创新的热浸镀后处理工艺,提高镀层的硬度和强度,同时保证一定的塑性,提高铝合金镀层耐磨损和耐腐蚀性能,细化镀层组织,同时也可以进一步提高镀层的成型性能。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种高耐磨性铝合金镀层钢板的制备方法及其钢板,采用该方法生产的铝合金镀层钢板,能够在多种严酷的条件下使用,且镀层钢板具备极好的耐磨损耐腐蚀性能。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案实现:
一种高耐磨性铝合金镀层钢板的制备方法,包括冶炼、铸造、热轧、酸洗、冷轧、连续热浸镀;镀后冷却工艺为:出铝锅、气刀后立即以15±2℃/s的冷却速度将镀层温度冷却到600±5℃,然后立即以25±5℃/s的速度冷却到300±10℃,进入转向辊,风冷至120℃以下,进入水冷;
水冷至室温后,在光整机上对镀层进行轧制变形,轧制力300~600吨,镀层变形量控制在2%~10%,在随后的辊涂环节进行低温处理,处理温度为200±50℃,时间为3-10s,改变η相的性质,η相(半径为4nm)的Zn/Mg比从(1.0~1.2):1增加到(1.4~1.8):1,增加AlMg相,提高镀层的强度和硬度。
热轧工艺为:1240±50℃加热,保温190±50分钟,1100±50℃粗轧,1050±50℃精轧,880±50℃终轧,450~800℃卷取。
连续热浸镀工艺:冷轧基板热浸镀,加热退火温度控制在700~900℃,入锌锅温度为630~700℃,锌锅温度为630~690℃。
一种利用高耐磨性铝合金镀层钢板的制备方法生产的钢板,钢板镀层合金元素按照重量百分比计为:Si 0.2%~4.0%、Ti 0.10%~0.30%、Mn 0.2%~1.0%、Cu 0.5%~3.0%、Mg1.5%~4.0%、Fe 1.0%~3.0%、Cr 0.15%~0.50%、Zn 3.0%~8.0%,其余为Al和不可避免的杂质。
钢板基板中化学元素按照质量百分比计包括:C 0.001%~0.38%、Si 0.01%~0.80%、Mn 0.10%~2.50%、P≤0.08%、S≤0.05%、Al 0.02%~1.00%、Ti≤0.08%、B≤0.005%、Cr≤0.70%,以及Fe和不可避免的杂质。
钢板基板中化学元素还包括Mo 0.10%~0.80%、Cu≤1.00%、Ni 0.4~1.0%、Nb≤0.05%中的一种或几种。
镀层硬度达到HV160以上。
本发明在镀层中加入Si0.2%~4.0%,Ti0.10%~0.30%、Mn0.2%~1.0%、Cu0.5%~3.0%、Mg1.5%~4.0%、Fe1.0%~3.0%、Cr0.15%~0.50%、Zn3.0%~8.0%,可以生成多种析出相,提高镀层的强度和硬度,如AlCu、AlMg、MgZn、MgSi等析出相。
锌锅温度为630~690℃,可以在出锌锅后获得良好的表面质量,避免锌流波纹等缺陷产生。
出铝锅、气刀后立即以15±2℃/s的冷却速度将镀层温度冷却到600±5℃,目的是在锌锅温度到600±5℃这个温度段以较缓慢的温度冷却,合金元素有充足的时间析出,提供足够多的形核质点,降低或者消除铝花;然后立即以20±5℃/s的速度冷却到300±10℃,在这个温度段快速冷却,避免铝花的过度生长,降低铝花的尺寸;随后进入转向辊,风冷至120℃以下,进入水冷,在300±20℃进入转向辊,镀层有一定的硬度,避免辊印和划伤的产生。
水冷至室温后,在光整机上对镀层进行轧制变形,轧制力300~600吨,镀层变形量控制在2%~10%,在随后的辊涂环节进行低温处理,处理温度为200±50℃,时间为3-10s。热浸镀镀层(Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金)在200℃的低温变形处理下,镀层中形成的η相与热浸镀后直接冷却形成的η相具有不同的性质,即η相(半径为4nm)的Zn/Mg比从(1.0~1.2):1增加到(1.4~1.8):1,同时,还观察到高Mg含量Al-Mg相,这些相的出现大大强化了镀层,提高了镀层的强度和硬度,原因在于:200℃的低温变形处理下,Zn在晶界的偏析更为明显,为Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中主要强化相η相的调控提供了理论基础。
镀层中元素的作用:
Al是铝合金镀层的主要元素,能够为钢板在存储、使用及成型后的零件提供良好的防护,在镀层组织中形成富铝相,同时与镀层中的其它合金元素形成金属间化合物。
Si在金属间化合物层中富集,形成紧凑的抑制层组织,降低合金层的厚度,提高镀层韧性,可以细化镀层的组织,提高镀层性能,与Mg元素形成Mg2Si等金属间化合物。
Ti的加入可以提供更多的形核质点,降低铝花尺寸,可以提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能,另外Ti可以形成氧化钛的保护膜,该保护膜与基体结合力强,保护性能好,且可以自行修复破损。同时加入Si和Ti,可以生成更加紧致的抑制层,提高镀层生长的均匀性。
Mn可以提供更多的形核质点,降低铝花尺寸,提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能,细化晶粒,提高镀层的韧性。
Cr可以提供更多的形核质点,降低铝花尺寸,提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能,形成氧化膜保护镀层。
Cu提高镀层的韧性、细化镀层组织,与镀层元素形成金属间化合物:AlCu、Al6Cu、AlCuMg等,可以提供更多的形核质点,降低铝花尺寸。
Zn、Mg降低镀层在腐蚀性环境中的溶解速度,提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能,细化镀层结构,生成MgZn2析出相,提高镀层的强度和硬度。
钢中元素的作用:
C作为主要合金元素对钢的强度贡献最大。Mn、Si可以提供固溶强化效果,提高钢的淬火性能。为保证淬透性,还添加了Ti、Cr及B。
添加Cu改进钢的耐蚀性能,进而阻止H的渗入,提高了钢的耐延迟断裂性能。Mo、Nb的加入,起到强化钢基体和细化晶粒的效果。
Si、Al的加入可以抑制渗碳体的形成。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供的一种高耐磨性铝合金镀层钢板的制备方法及其钢板,强度硬度超高,可达HV160以上,镀层钢板具备极好的耐磨损耐腐蚀性能,能够在多种严酷的条件下使用。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明,以下实施例用于具体说明本发明内容,这些实施例仅为本发明内容的一般描述,并不对本发明内容进行限制。
实施例见表1-表4,其中表1为实施例镀层的化学元素组成;表2为实施例钢的化学成分;表3实施例钢的热轧及热浸镀工艺参数;表4为实施例钢的镀后冷却工艺及性能。
表1实施例1-14镀层的化学元素组成
Si | Ti | Cu | Fe | Mn | Mg | Zn | Cr | Al | |
1 | 3.9 | 0.10 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 7.8 | 0.15 | 余量 |
2 | 3.7 | 0.15 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 6.0 | 0.20 | 余量 |
3 | 3.4 | 0.20 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 5.0 | 0.25 | 余量 |
4 | 3.1 | 0.25 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 0.50 | 余量 |
5 | 2.9 | 0.30 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 0.48 | 余量 |
6 | 2.5 | 0.28 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 0.46 | 余量 |
7 | 2.2 | 0.24 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 4.0 | 6.2 | 0.44 | 余量 |
8 | 1.8 | 0.13 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 3.8 | 5.8 | 0.25 | 余量 |
9 | 1.5 | 0.18 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 3.5 | 5.5 | 0.28 | 余量 |
10 | 1.0 | 0.22 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 3.3 | 5.0 | 0.30 | 余量 |
11 | 0.8 | 0.24 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 3.1 | 4.8 | 0.31 | 余量 |
12 | 0.6 | 0.26 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 0.32 | 余量 |
13 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 2.8 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 2.7 | 4.0 | 0.35 | 余量 |
14 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 3 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 0.40 | 余量 |
表2实施例1-14钢的化学成分
表3实施例1-14钢的热轧及热浸镀工艺参数
表4实施例1-14钢的镀后冷却工艺及性能参数
本发明钢板的镀层强度硬度较高,具有良好的耐磨损效果。
Claims (7)
1.一种高耐磨性铝合金镀层钢板的制备方法,包括冶炼、铸造、热轧、酸洗、冷轧、连续热浸镀;其特征在于,
镀后冷却工艺为:出铝锅、气刀后以15±2℃/s的冷却速度将镀层温度冷却到600±5℃,然后以25±5℃/s的速度冷却到300±10℃,进入转向辊,风冷至120℃以下,进入水冷;
水冷至室温后,在光整机上对镀层进行轧制变形,轧制力300~600吨,镀层变形量控制在2%~10%,在随后的辊涂环节进行低温处理,处理温度为200±50℃,时间为3-10s。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐磨性铝合金镀层钢板的制备方法,其特征在于,
热轧工艺为:1240±50℃加热,保温190±50分钟,1100±50℃粗轧,1050±50℃精轧,880±50℃终轧,450~800℃卷取。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐磨性铝合金镀层钢板的制备方法,其特征在于,
连续热浸镀工艺:加热退火温度控制在700~900℃,入铝锅温度为630~700℃,铝锅温度为630~690℃。
4.一种利用如权利要求1所述的高耐磨性铝合金镀层钢板的制备方法生产的钢板,其特征在于,钢板镀层合金元素按照重量百分比计为:Si 0.2%~4.0%、Ti 0.10%~0.30%、Mn 0.2%~1.0%、Cu 0.5%~3.0%、Mg 1.5%~4.0%、Fe 1.0%~3.0%、Cr0.15%~0.50%、Zn 3.0%~8.0%,其余为Al和不可避免的杂质。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高耐磨性铝合金镀层钢板的制备方法生产的钢板,其特征在于,钢板基板中化学元素按照质量百分比计包括:C 0.001%~0.38%、Si 0.01%~0.80%、Mn 0.10%~2.50%、P≤0.08%、S≤0.05%、Al 0.02%~1.00%、Ti≤0.08%、B≤0.005%、Cr≤0.70%,以及Fe和不可避免的杂质。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种高耐磨性铝合金镀层钢板的制备方法生产的钢板,其特征在于,钢板基板中化学元素还包括Mo 0.10%~0.80%、Cu≤1.00%、Ni 0.4~1.0%、Nb≤0.05%中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种高耐磨性铝合金镀层钢板的制备方法生产的钢板,其特征在于,镀层硬度达到HV160以上。
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