CN109112360A - 一种锌铝基镀层钢板及其制造方法、热成型方法和部件 - Google Patents
一种锌铝基镀层钢板及其制造方法、热成型方法和部件 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zinc Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zn] HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018137 Al-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018573 Al—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJXVAJQDLVNWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Al].[Fe] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Al].[Fe] UJXVAJQDLVNWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005269 aluminizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021326 iron aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000020442 loss of weight Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开一种锌铝基镀层钢板及其制造方法、热成型方法和部件，在热压成型后钢板的强度大于1500MPa，伸长率大于5％。镀层完全转变成铁合金层，没有镀层蒸发现象，没有液相侵蚀现象，无硬质的Fe‑Al金属间化合物；部件的组织为马氏体+铁素体+残余奥氏体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种镀层钢板，特别涉及一种锌铝基镀层钢板及其制造方法、热成型方法和部件。
背景技术
长期以来，钢铁一直是汽车工业的基础，虽然汽车制造中铝合金、镁合金、塑料及复合材料的用量不断增加，但高强度钢以其具有的高减重潜力、高碰撞吸收能、高疲劳强度、高成型性及低平面各向异性等优势，已经成为汽车工业轻量化的主要材料。21世纪的汽车行业以降低燃料消耗、减少CO2和废气排放成为社会的主要需求，为适应这种发展趋势，钢铁业已开发出许多种类的高强度钢板如DP、TRIP、CP、QP钢来帮助减轻汽车重量，同时提高汽车的安全性。为兼顾轻量化与碰撞安全性及高强度下冲压件回弹与模具磨损等问题，热成型高强度钢及其成型工艺和应用技术应运而生。目前凡是达到U-NCAP碰撞4星或5星级水平的乘用车型，其安全件(A/B/C柱、保险杠、防撞梁等)多数采用了抗拉强度为1500MPa、屈服强度为1200MPa的热成型高强度钢。同时，为解决高强度钢冷成型中的裂纹和形状冻结性不良等问题，出现了热冲压成型材料，已用其进行了强度高达1470MPa级汽车部件的制造。
热成型工艺过程为：首先将常温下强度为500-600MPa的热压成型钢板加热到880-950℃，使之均匀奥氏体化，然后送入内部带有冷却***的模具内冲压成型，同时快速冷却淬火，将奥氏体转变为马氏体，使冲压件得到硬化，大幅度提高强度。这个过程被称为“冲压硬化”技术。实际生产中，热冲压工艺又分为直接工艺和间接工艺，直接工艺即下料后直接将钢板加热然后冲压成型，主要用于形状简单且变形程度较小的工件；对于形状复杂或拉深深度较大的工件则需要采用间接工艺，即先将下好料的钢板进行预成型，然后再加热实施热冲压。
现有的热成型工艺使得整个零件在加热保温以及随后的冲压冷却过程中，钢板均暴露于空气中，产生很严重的氧化。为保护钢板，现在普遍采用的方法是在钢板表面镀一层防护金属镀层，常用的有镀锌、镀铝，但又都存在一些问题，镀锌容易发生液相金属镀层对钢板的侵蚀，且易于蒸发；镀铝会在钢板表面形成一层硬质的铁铝化合物，影响后续工序。
发明内容
为了克服上述缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种锌铝基镀层钢板及其制造方法、热成型方法和部件，采用该方法生产的热压成型钢板，能够对钢板在加热、保温、冲压的过程中以及后续的使用过程提供良好的防护，且不会对钢板本身造成液相侵蚀。
本发明目的是通过下面的技术方案实现的：
一种锌铝基镀层钢板，包括基板和镀层，其特征在于：镀层化学成分按质量百分比为：Al1.5～30.0％，Si≤3.50％、Ti≤0.50％、Sb≤0.50％、Cu≤2.00％、Re≤0.10％、Mn≤3.0％、Ca≤1.00％、Sn≤0.50％，其余为Zn。
所述的基板化学元素按质量百分比为：C0.10％～0.60％，Si0.05％～3.5％，Mn1.20％～10.50％，P≤0.50％，S≤0.05％，Al0.02％～4.00％，Ti≤0.20％，B≤0.007％，Cr≤2.60％，Mo≤1.50％，Cu≤0.80％，Ni≤2.0％，Nb≤0.20％以及Fe和其它一些不可避免的杂质；Mn/Si的比例大于等于3。
一种锌铝基镀层钢板的制造方法，包括冶炼、铸造、热轧和热浸镀，其特征在于所述的热轧工艺为：1220±20℃加热，保温180±30分钟，1100±20℃粗轧，1060±20℃精轧，870±20℃终轧，500～650℃卷取；所述的热浸镀工艺为：锌锅温度为450～520℃；若热轧基板进行热浸镀，加热温度控制在500～700℃；若冷轧基板进行热浸镀，先在600-750℃的氧化性气氛下对钢板表面进行预氧化处理，而后加热温度控制在750～900℃。预氧化处理目的是使得钢板表面生成一层以铁的氧化物为主的氧化膜，在随后的加热及保温的过程中还原成活性的铁，活性的铁易于同锌锅中的铝元素反应生产以铝铁为主的合金层。
一种锌铝基镀层钢板的热成型方法：将钢板加热到850～950℃的温度区间，加热速度控制在15℃/s以下，保温3-15分钟，之后进行热成型，热冲压过程中的冷却速率大于20℃/s，冷却终点温度控制在150～350℃。
一种锌铝基镀层钢板制得的部件，热成型后钢板表面由钢基体到表面依次为铁基固溶体层、金属间化合物层和氧化物层，所述的金属间化合物层以Fe-Zn、Fe-Al和Fe-Al-Zn化合物为主；所述的氧化物层以氧化铝、氧化锌为主；组织为马氏体+铁素体+残余奥氏体。。
铁基的固溶体层，由镀层中的元素扩散溶解于铁基体之中，但是没有改变铁的晶格结构，该层为铁基体与镀层之间的过渡层；金属间化合物层，铁元素扩散进入镀层并与镀层中的元素之间反应形成金属间化合物，该层以Fe-Zn、Fe-Al和Fe-Al-Zn化合物为主，同时含有镀层中的其它元素；表面氧化物层，该层是镀层中的元素在热冲压的加热和保温过程中与空气中的氧反应生成的氧化物，该层氧化物以氧化铝、氧化锌为主。
镀层中元素的作用：
Al：Al的加入可以提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能，在热冲压之前的加热保温过程中可以在高温下在镀层表面形成氧化铝的保护膜，避免镀层在高温下的氧化蒸发，可以在镀层与钢基体之间形成Fe-Al的金属间化合物，阻碍Fe-Zn脆性相的过度生长，提高镀层韧性。
Si：Si在金属间化合物层中富集，使得Fe、Zn原子经过液相通道相互扩散受到阻碍，可以形成紧凑的抑制层组织，从而减轻以致消除镀层对于钢基体的液相侵蚀，可以细化镀层的组织，提高镀层性能。
Ti：Ti的加入可以提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能，另外Ti可以形成氧化钛的保护膜，该保护膜与基体结合力强，保护性能好，且可以自行修复破损。同时加入Si和Ti，可以生成更加紧致的抑制层，提高钢板抗液相腐蚀的能力。
Ca：Ca的作用与Mg相似，都可以提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能，细化镀层组织，提高镀层的韧性，可以抑制氯化物的腐蚀。
Sb：能够抑制金属间化合物合金层的过度生长，同时稳定合金层的相组成，使得镀层在热冲压的过程中能够均匀的发生Fe-Zn合金化反应，减轻液相腐蚀的影响。
Cu：Cu可以单独加入镀层中，提高镀层的腐蚀性能，也可以与Si元素一起加入，促进
Si在反应区的聚集，形成紧凑的抑制层相，进而提高钢板抗液相腐蚀的能力。
Re：提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能，细化晶粒。
Mn：提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能，细化晶粒。
Sn：提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能，形成氧化膜保护镀层。
钢中元素的作用:
C作为主要合金元素对淬火型马氏体钢的强度贡献最大，Mn及Si次之。Mn/Si的比例应大于4，目的是保证钢板在热浸镀铝硅退火过程中生成的氧化膜不会影响热浸镀性能。为保证淬透性，添加了Ti、Cr及B。添加Cu改进钢的耐蚀性能，进而阻止H的渗入，提高了钢的耐延迟断裂性能。Mo、Nb的加入，起到强化钢基体和细化晶粒的效果，Si、Al的加入可以抑制渗碳体的形成。
本发明提供的一种锌铝基镀层热压成型钢板，在热压成型后钢板的强度大于1500MPa，伸长率大于5％。镀层完全转变成铁合金层，没有镀层蒸发现象，没有液相侵蚀现象，无硬质的Fe-Al金属间化合物。部件的组织为马氏体+铁素体+残余奥氏体。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进行说明：
实施例见附表1、2、3.
钢板的强度大于1500MPa，伸长率大于5％。镀层完全转变成铁合金层，没有镀层蒸发现象，没有液相侵蚀现象，无硬质的Fe-Al金属间化合物。部件的组织为马氏体+铁素体+残余奥氏体。
附表1：实施例镀层的化学元素组成
附表2：实施例钢的化学成分
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Ni | Cu | Cr | Mo | B | Nb | Ti | Fe | |
| 1 | 0.11 | 0.41 | 1.5 | 0.010 | 0.005 | 2.0 | 0.35 | 2.5 | 0.005 | 0.03 | 余量 | |||
| 2 | 0.17 | 2.00 | 6.6 | 0.030 | 0.007 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.003 | 余量 | |||||
| 3 | 0.13 | 0.65 | 2.1 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 1.5 | 0.25 | 0.005 | 0.04 | 余量 | ||||
| 4 | 0.22 | 1.15 | 5.8 | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.03 | 0.4 | 余量 | ||||||
| 5 | 0.28 | 1.9 | 8.3 | 0.010 | 0.008 | 0.04 | 0.45 | 0.5 | 余量 | |||||
| 6 | 0.37 | 1.3 | 4.0 | 0.010 | 0.006 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.05 | 余量 | |||||
| 7 | 0.33 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 0.010 | 0.004 | 3.90 | 0.75 | 0.2 | 余量 | |||||
| 8 | 0.20 | 1.4 | 5.5 | 0.010 | 0.005 | 2.3 | 0.004 | 余量 | ||||||
| 9 | 0.23 | 1.2 | 4.7 | 0.010 | 0.007 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.002 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 余量 | |||
| 10 | 0.25 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.04 | 余量 | ||||
| 11 | 0.30 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.05 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 余量 | |||||
| 12 | 0.40 | 2.50 | 9.0 | 0.010 | 0.008 | 0.03 | 0.8 | 余量 | ||||||
| 13 | 0.50 | 2.8 | 10.0 | 0.010 | 0.006 | 0.04 | 余量 | |||||||
| 14 | 0.60 | 3.50 | 10.5 | 0.010 | 0.004 | 0.07 | 1.0 | 余量 |
附表3：实施例钢的工艺参数及性能
Claims (5)
1.一种锌铝基镀层钢板，包括基板和镀层，其特征在于：镀层化学成分按质量百分比为：Al1.5～30.0％，Si≤3.50％、Ti≤0.50％、Sb≤0.50％、Cu≤2.00％、Re≤0.10％、Mn≤3.0％、Ca≤1.00％、Sn≤0.50％，其余为Zn。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锌铝基镀层钢板，其特征在于：所述的基板化学元素按质量百分比为：C0.10％～0.60％，Si0.05％～3.5％，Mn1.20％～10.50％，P≤0.50％，S≤0.05％，Al0.02％～4.00％，Ti≤0.20％，B≤0.007％，Cr≤2.60％，Mo≤1.50％，Cu≤0.80％，Ni≤2.0％，Nb≤0.20％以及Fe和其它一些不可避免的杂质；Mn/Si的比例大于等于3。
3.一种根据权利要求1-2任意一项权利要求所述的锌铝基镀层钢板的制造方法，包括冶炼、铸造、热轧和热浸镀，其特征在于所述的热轧工艺为：1220±20℃加热，保温180±30分钟，1100±20℃粗轧，1060±20℃精轧，870±20℃终轧，500～650℃卷取；所述的热浸镀工艺为：锌锅温度为450～520℃；若热轧基板进行热浸镀，加热温度控制在500～700℃；若冷轧基板进行热浸镀，先在600-750℃的氧化性气氛下对钢板表面进行预氧化处理，而后加热温度控制在750～900℃。
4.一种根据权利要求1-2任意一项权利要求所述的锌铝基镀层钢板的热成型方法，其特征在于：将钢板加热到850～950℃的温度区间，加热速度控制在15℃/s以下，保温3-15分钟，之后进行热冲压，热成型过程中的冷却速率大于20℃/s，冷却终点温度控制在150～350℃。
5.一种根据权利要求1-2任意一项权利要求所述的锌铝基镀层钢板制得的部件，热成型后钢板表面由钢基体到表面依次为铁基固溶体层、金属间化合物层和氧化物层，所述的金属间化合物层以Fe-Zn、Fe-Al和Fe-Al-Zn化合物为主；所述的氧化物层以氧化铝、氧化锌为主；组织为马氏体+铁素体+残余奥氏体。
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