CN117324640A - Continuous C based on laser cladding f Preparation method of/Al composite material - Google Patents
Continuous C based on laser cladding f Preparation method of/Al composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN117324640A CN117324640A CN202311114124.8A CN202311114124A CN117324640A CN 117324640 A CN117324640 A CN 117324640A CN 202311114124 A CN202311114124 A CN 202311114124A CN 117324640 A CN117324640 A CN 117324640A
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- carbon fiber
- fiber tows
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 claims description 6
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical group Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005619 boric acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 nickel aluminum metal compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009715 pressure infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005566 electron beam evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011158 industrial composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
- C22C47/04—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by coating, e.g. with a protective or activated covering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/14—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by powder metallurgy, i.e. by processing mixtures of metal powder and fibres or filaments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
- C22C49/04—Light metals
- C22C49/06—Aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/54—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
- C25D7/0607—Wires
Abstract
The invention is thatContinuous C based on laser cladding is disclosed f The preparation method of the Al composite material comprises the following steps: establishing C using finite element software f The Al composite material sample model is used for carrying out simulation calculation on a temperature field and a stress field of the sample laser cladding under different process parameters aiming at the sample model, and determining preparation process parameters; performing nickel plating pretreatment on the surface of the carbon fiber tows, and forming a nickel plating layer with the thickness of 0.3-0.4 mu m on the surface of the fibers to obtain nickel-plated carbon fiber tows; paving the carbon fiber tows after nickel plating treatment on the surface of an aluminum substrate, and then cladding by laser according to preparation process parameters to obtain the substrate with the carbon fiber tows; repeating the step 3 to lay 7-9 layers on the surface of the substrate with the carbon fiber tows from bottom to top in sequence to obtain continuous C f an/Al composite; the invention is helpful for improving the mechanical property of the aluminum-based composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation methods of metal matrix composite materials, and particularly relates to a continuous C based on laser cladding f A method for preparing the Al composite material.
Background
The development of industrial composite materials in the current age has been the main stream and the necessary trend of research in the current academy. Among them, continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites (CFRMMCs) have wide prospects in engineering application due to their excellent properties. In recent years, a great deal of research has been conducted in the field of continuous carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composites, including continuous carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix, magnesium matrix, copper matrix, and other metal matrix composites. The composite material using aluminum as a matrix has rapid research progress, remarkable results, wide application and great market demand. Aluminum is light, has small density and numerous advantages, and is continuous C f The continuous carbon fiber tows are used as reinforcement bodies of the Al composite material, and the characteristics of high temperature resistance, excellent fatigue resistance, low thermal expansion, low density, high strength, high modulus and the like of the continuous carbon fiber tows are combined with the aluminum matrix, so that the comprehensive mechanical property and the dimensional stability of the composite material under extreme conditions are improved. Because the continuous carbon fiber has high strength and toughness compared with the short carbon fiber, the fiber tows are used as main bearing components, and the service performance of the matrix material under complex working conditions is effectively improved. Therefore, continuous C f the/Al composite material has very high strength and modulus in the fiber direction. At present, continuous C f Al composite materials have been used in a number of industrial fields, in particular in the aerospace and automotive industries, such as engine pistons, propeller blades, aircraft rocketsAnd (5) producing parts.
At present continuous C f The preparation method of the Al composite material mainly comprises a coating layer combined with a hot isostatic pressing method, a pressure infiltration method and a powder metallurgy method.
The coating combined hot isostatic pressing method is to deposit or coat the metal matrix material on the surface of the fiber reinforcement by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) or Electron Beam Evaporation (EBED), collect high temperature and high pressure by hot isostatic pressing or hot pressing, and realize the combination of aluminum base and fiber reinforcement by transmitting pressure of high pressure inert gas in a sealed container, although the process can prepare denser continuous C f The Al composite material has high requirement on material molding, single structure and long preparation period; the pressure infiltration method is to pour the aluminum matrix melt under the protection of inert gas or vacuum into the prefabricated and formed continuous carbon fiber reinforcement, and infiltrate the aluminum melt into the gaps of carbon fiber tows under the action of pressure to achieve the composite effect, and the process is to prepare continuous C f The technology on the Al composite material is mature and the operation is simple, but the equipment requirement is relatively complex, the time consumption is long when large parts are prepared, the efficiency is low, and the operability on the preparation of some composite materials with structural requirements is low; powder metallurgy as particles or whiskers C f The preparation of the Al reinforced composite material is more, and the continuous C can be prepared by coating a large amount of metal powder on the surface of the prefabricated continuous carbon fiber tows and melting the surface of the prefabricated continuous carbon fiber tows at high temperature under the protection of gas f The composite material prepared by the method has poor effect on the compactness and the combination of an inner layer matrix and a reinforcement body because of no external pressure and no influence of the thickness of the material layer.
In summary, none of the prior art has produced continuous C by laser cladding additive technology f The Al composite material achieves the method with short process period, simple working procedure and capability of improving mechanical properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a continuous C based on laser cladding f The preparation method of the Al composite material has the characteristic of improving the mechanical property of the composite material.
The technical proposal of the invention is thatContinuous C based on laser cladding f The preparation method of the Al composite material comprises the following steps: step 1, building C by using finite element software f The Al composite material sample model is used for carrying out simulation calculation on a temperature field and a stress field of the sample laser cladding under different process parameters aiming at the sample model, and determining preparation process parameters;
step 2, carrying out nickel plating pretreatment on the surface of the carbon fiber tows, and forming a nickel plating layer with the thickness of 0.3-0.4 mu m on the surface of the fibers to obtain the carbon fiber tows after the nickel plating treatment;
step 3, paving the carbon fiber tows subjected to nickel plating treatment on the surface of an aluminum substrate, and then obtaining the substrate with the carbon fiber tows through laser cladding according to preparation process parameters;
step 4, repeating the step 3, and sequentially paving 7-9 layers on the surface of the substrate with the carbon fiber tows from bottom to top to obtain a continuous C f Al composite material.
The invention is also characterized in that: the preparation process parameters in the step 1 comprise laser power, scanning speed, light spot radius, layer thickness, single-channel width and fiber plating.
The laser power is 700W-800W, the scanning speed is 2 mm/s-3 mm/s, the layer thickness is 0.5 mm-1 mm, the light spot radius is 2.9 mm-3 mm, the single-channel width is 3 mm-4 mm, and the fiber coating is nickel.
The step 2 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 2.1, selecting a T700 carbon fiber tow with a monofilament diameter of 6.9-7.0 mu m;
step 2.2, carrying out surface photoresist removal treatment on the surface of the carbon fiber tows in a KSL-1700X heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 400-450 ℃ for 5-8 min, and then washing the surface of the carbon fiber tows with water to obtain photoresist-removed carbon fiber tows;
step 2.3, at normal temperature, the carbon fiber tows after photoresist removal are mixed with water and strong acid in the proportion of (2-3): 7, standing in strong acid solution for 25-30 min, carrying out surface roughening, and washing with water to obtain roughened carbon fiber tows; the strong acid is HNO 3 Or H 2 SO 4 ；
And 2.4, carrying out electroplating nickel treatment on the roughened carbon fiber tow surface, and forming a nickel plating layer with the thickness of 0.3-0.4 mu m on the fiber surface to obtain the nickel-plated carbon fiber tow.
The current density of the nickel plating treatment in step 2.4 was 0.39A/dm 2 ～0.4A/dm 2 The main salt in the nickel salt plating solution for the nickel electroplating treatment is NiSO 4 The buffering agent is boric acid, the passivation preventing agent is nickel chloride, the dispersing agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the nickel electroplating treatment time is 8-12 min.
NiSO in nickel salt plating solution for nickel electroplating treatment 4 270g/L-275g/L, 40g/L-45g/L boric acid, 70g/L-75g/L nickel chloride and 0.1g/L-0.15g/L sodium dodecyl sulfate.
The step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 3.1, selecting argon as a protective gas, and cladding 1-2 aluminum layers on a specially-made aluminum substrate for bottoming to obtain an aluminum substrate;
step 3.2, cutting the carbon fiber tows subjected to nickel plating treatment into carbon fiber tows with the length of 100-110 mm, paving the carbon fiber tows on the surface of an aluminum substrate in the same direction as cladding, and clamping the carbon fiber tows to obtain clamped carbon fiber tows;
and 3.3, determining and setting laser power, scanning speed, light spot radius, layer thickness and single-channel width, and carrying out laser cladding on the clamped carbon fiber tows until the aluminum metal powder and the fibers are uniformly infiltrated and completely melted and solidified to obtain the substrate with the carbon fiber tows.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the invention, through the surface nickel plating modification treatment of the continuous carbon fiber, the reinforced fiber can be well wetted with metal in the laser cladding process, so that good interface combination is obtained, and the good mechanical properties of the continuous fiber can be maintained to the greatest extent;
2. according to the invention, continuous fibers can be uniformly distributed in the cladding layer by spreading the fibers in the same direction as the cladding direction, and the density of carbon fiber spreading can be adjusted according to the enhancement requirement, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum-based composite material can be improved;
3. the laser material-increasing technology adopted by the invention has the advantages that the grain size of the finished product tissue prepared by the high-power laser is small, the composite property is excellent, and the mechanical properties in various aspects such as hardness, tensile strength and the like are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a continuous C based on laser cladding f A flow chart of a method for preparing an Al composite material;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of a carbon fiber tow not subjected to the preparation method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of a carbon fiber tow after nickel plating treatment in the manufacturing method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view of a metallographic microscope of carbon fiber bundles after nickel plating treatment in the preparation method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an SEM image of an interface bond of a carbon fiber tow not performed in the preparation method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an SEM image of the interfacial bonding of carbon fiber tows after nickel plating treatment according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a SEM image of a tensile fracture of a carbon fiber tow after nickel plating treatment according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a view showing the microscopic morphology of example 2 of the production method of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a view showing the microscopic morphology of example 3 of the production method of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an SEM image of the interfacial bond between the carbon fiber bundles and the matrix for example 2 of the method of preparing the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an SEM image of the interfacial bond between the carbon fiber bundles and the matrix for example 3 of the method of preparing the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph of EDS facial scan analysis of example 2 of the preparation method of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a graph of EDS facial scan analysis of example 3 of the preparation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The invention is based on laser cladding continuous C f The preparation method of the Al composite material is shown in figure 1, and is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, building C by using finite element software f Al composite sample model, andperforming simulation calculation of a temperature field and a stress field in the laser cladding process of the sample under different process parameters aiming at the sample model, and determining preparation process parameters; the preparation process parameters obtained through analysis are as follows: the laser comprises laser power, scanning speed, light spot radius, layer thickness, single-channel width and a fiber coating, wherein the laser power is 700W-800W, the scanning speed is 2 mm/s-3 mm/s, the layer thickness is 0.5 mm-1 mm, the light spot radius is 2.9 mm-3 mm, the single-channel width is 3 mm-4 mm, and the fiber coating is nickel. And carrying out corresponding analysis and research on the calculation result to achieve the aim of optimizing process theoretical data in the initial stage.
Step 2, carrying out nickel plating pretreatment on the surface of the carbon fiber tows, and forming a nickel plating layer with the thickness of 0.3-0.4 mu m on the surface of the fibers to obtain the carbon fiber tows after the nickel plating treatment; to improve wettability with aluminum base and protect carbon fiber.
As shown in fig. 2, step 2.1, selecting a T700 carbon fiber tow with a monofilament diameter of 6.9 μm to 7.0 μm;
step 2.2, carrying out surface photoresist removal treatment on the surface of the carbon fiber tows in a KSL-1700X heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 400-450 ℃ for 5-8 min, and then washing the surface of the carbon fiber tows with water to obtain photoresist-removed carbon fiber tows;
step 2.3, at normal temperature, the carbon fiber tows after photoresist removal are mixed with water and strong acid in the proportion of (2-3): 7, standing in strong acid solution for 25-30 min, carrying out surface roughening, and washing with water to obtain roughened carbon fiber tows; the strong acid is HNO 3 Or H 2 SO 4 ；
As shown in fig. 3, step 2.4, electroplating nickel on the roughened carbon fiber tow surface to form a nickel plating layer with a thickness of 0.3-0.4 μm on the fiber surface to obtain a nickel-plated carbon fiber tow; the current density of the nickel plating treatment was 0.39A/dm 2 ～0.4A/dm 2 The main salt in the nickel salt plating solution for the nickel electroplating treatment is NiSO 4 The buffering agent is boric acid, the passivation preventing agent is nickel chloride, the dispersing agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the nickel electroplating treatment time is 8-12 min; niSO in nickel salt plating solution for nickel electroplating treatment 4 270g/L-275g/L, 40g/L-45g/L boric acid, 70g/L-75g/L nickel chloride and 0.1g/L-0.15g/L sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Through a series of surface nickel plating modification treatments of the continuous carbon fiber, the reinforced fiber can be well wetted with metal in the laser cladding process, good interface combination is obtained, and good mechanical properties of the continuous fiber can be maintained to the greatest extent.
Step 3, paving the carbon fiber tows subjected to nickel plating treatment on the surface of an aluminum substrate, and then obtaining the substrate with the carbon fiber tows through laser cladding according to preparation process parameters;
step 3.1, selecting argon as a protective gas, and cladding 1-2 aluminum layers on a specially-made aluminum substrate for bottoming to obtain an aluminum substrate;
step 3.2, cutting the carbon fiber tows subjected to nickel plating treatment into carbon fiber tows with the length of 100-110 mm, paving the carbon fiber tows on the surface of an aluminum substrate in the same direction as cladding, and clamping the carbon fiber tows to obtain clamped carbon fiber tows; through spreading the wires in the same direction as the cladding direction, continuous fibers can be uniformly distributed in the cladding layer, and the density degree of carbon fiber spreading can be adjusted according to the reinforcing requirement, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum-based composite material can be improved.
And 3.3, determining and setting laser power, scanning speed, light spot radius, layer thickness and single-channel width, and carrying out laser cladding on the clamped carbon fiber tows until the aluminum metal powder and the fibers are uniformly soaked and completely melted, and solidifying the aluminum metal powder and the fibers to obtain the substrate with the carbon fiber tows. Because the adopted laser material-increasing technology is an LMD laser cladding technology, the finished product prepared by the high-power laser has fine tissue crystal grains and excellent composite performance, and the mechanical properties of the high-power laser in various aspects such as hardness, tensile strength and the like are improved.
Step 4, repeating the step 3, and sequentially paving 7-9 layers on the surface of the substrate with the carbon fiber tows from bottom to top to obtain a continuous C f Al composite material. Continuous C prepared by the method f The Al composite material sample piece has better mechanical property, the tensile strength and the bending strength are 72.41MPa and 122.1MPa, and compared with a pure aluminum cladding sample piece, the Al composite material sample piece has the advantages of 13.44 percent and 13.6 percent improvement respectively.
As shown in FIG. 4, the nickel-plated layer prepared by the method contains continuous C f/ Metallographic microscope observation of the cross section morphology of the Al composite material sample piece is shown in the figure6, the interface is combined with an SEM image, so that the appearance of the carbon fiber is complete, the carbon fiber is well preserved, cracking damage is not seen, the carbon fiber is well combined with an aluminum matrix, a large number of white precipitates are formed around the carbon fiber, the carbon fiber is closely combined with the aluminum matrix, and excessive defects are not seen at the interface; as shown in FIG. 5, electroless nickel continuous C f SEM images of the interfacial bonding of the/Al composite material show poor interfacial bonding, and that although the fiber filaments have been substantially filled with aluminum matrix, the interfacial cracks are larger and the bonding is not tight.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a continuous C based on laser cladding f The preparation method of the Al composite material comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, building C by using finite element software f The Al composite material sample model is used for carrying out simulation calculation on a temperature field and a stress field of the sample laser cladding under different process parameters aiming at the sample model, and determining preparation process parameters;
step 2, carrying out nickel plating pretreatment on the surface of the carbon fiber tows, and forming a nickel plating layer with the thickness of 0.3-0.4 mu m on the surface of the fibers to obtain the carbon fiber tows after the nickel plating treatment;
step 3, paving the carbon fiber tows subjected to nickel plating treatment on the surface of an aluminum substrate, and then obtaining the substrate with the carbon fiber tows through laser cladding according to preparation process parameters; wherein, the technological parameters are laser power 750W, spot radius 3mm, scanning speed 2mm/s, layer thickness 1mm, single-channel width 4mm.
Step 4, repeating the step 3, and sequentially paving 7-9 layers on the surface of the substrate with the carbon fiber tows from bottom to top to obtain a continuous C f Al composite material. As shown in FIG. 7, the nickel-plated layer containing continuous C f And (3) carrying out mechanical property test on the clad composite material sample piece to obtain tensile strength and bending strength of 72.41MPa and 122.1MPa according to an SEM image of a tensile fracture of the Al composite material sample piece, wherein the tensile strength and bending strength of the clad composite material sample piece are respectively improved by 13.44% and 13.6% compared with a pure aluminum clad sample piece, but the compactness of the clad composite material sample piece is reduced due to the addition of carbon fiber tows.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a continuous C based on laser cladding f Preparation method of/Al composite material and its applicationExample 1 differs in that the process parameters are laser power 700W, spot radius 3mm, scanning speed 2mm/s, layer thickness 0.5mm, single track width 4mm. As shown in fig. 8, the microscopic morphology of the fiber is shown in fig. 10, the fiber is combined with an SEM image of the matrix interface of the carbon fiber, a large amount of nickel aluminum metal compound is found to be generated around the carbon fiber reinforcement through EDS surface scanning analysis, as shown in fig. 12, and the mechanical tensile property test result is enhanced by 8.06%.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a continuous C based on laser cladding f The process for preparing the Al composite differs from example 1 in that the process parameters are laser power 750W, spot radius 3mm, scanning speed 2mm/s, layer thickness 0.5mm and single-channel width 4mm. As shown in fig. 9, the microscopic morphology of the fiber is shown in fig. 11, the SEM image of the interface bonding of the fiber to the carbon fiber and the matrix shows that a large amount of nickel aluminum metal compound is generated around the carbon fiber reinforcement through EDS surface scanning analysis, as shown in fig. 13, and the mechanical tensile property test result is enhanced by 13.44%.
Claims (7)
1. Continuous C based on laser cladding f The preparation method of the Al composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, building C by using finite element software f The Al composite material sample model is used for carrying out simulation calculation on a temperature field and a stress field of the sample laser cladding under different process parameters aiming at the sample model, and determining preparation process parameters;
step 2, carrying out nickel plating pretreatment on the surface of the carbon fiber tows, and forming a nickel plating layer with the thickness of 0.3-0.4 mu m on the surface of the fibers to obtain the carbon fiber tows after the nickel plating treatment;
step 3, paving the carbon fiber tows subjected to nickel plating on the surface of an aluminum substrate, and then cladding by laser according to the preparation process parameters to obtain a substrate with the carbon fiber tows;
step 4, repeating the step 3, and sequentially paving 7-9 layers on the surface of the substrate with the carbon fiber tows from bottom to top to obtain a continuous C f Al composite material.
2. Continuous C based on laser cladding according to claim 1 f The preparation method of the Al composite material is characterized in that the preparation process parameters in the step 1 comprise laser power, scanning speed, light spot radius, layer thickness, single-channel width and fiber coating.
3. Continuous C based on laser cladding according to claim 2 f The preparation method of the/Al composite material is characterized in that the laser power is 700-800W, the scanning speed is 2-3 mm/s, the layer thickness is 0.5-1 mm, the light spot radius is 2.9-3 mm, the single-channel width is 3-4 mm, and the fiber coating is nickel.
4. Continuous C based on laser cladding according to claim 1 f The preparation method of the Al composite material is characterized in that the step 2 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 2.1, selecting a T700 carbon fiber tow with a monofilament diameter of 6.9-7.0 mu m;
step 2.2, carrying out surface photoresist removal treatment on the surface of the carbon fiber tows in a KSL-1700X heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 400-450 ℃ for 5-8 min, and then washing the surface of the carbon fiber tows with water to obtain photoresist-removed carbon fiber tows;
step 2.3, at normal temperature, the carbon fiber tows after photoresist removal are mixed with water and strong acid in the proportion of (2-3): 7, standing in strong acid solution for 25-30 min, carrying out surface roughening, and washing with water to obtain roughened carbon fiber tows; the strong acid is HNO 3 Or H 2 SO 4 ；
And 2.4, carrying out electroplating nickel treatment on the roughened carbon fiber tow surface, and forming a nickel plating layer with the thickness of 0.3-0.4 mu m on the fiber surface to obtain the nickel-plated carbon fiber tow.
5. Continuous C based on laser cladding according to claim 4 f A process for producing an Al composite material, characterized in that the nickel plating treatment in step 2.4 has a current density of 0.39A/dm 2 ～0.4A/dm 2 Electroplating nickelThe main salt in the treated nickel salt plating solution is NiSO 4 The buffering agent is boric acid, the passivation preventing agent is nickel chloride, the dispersing agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the nickel electroplating treatment time is 8-12 min.
6. Continuous C based on laser cladding according to claim 5 f The preparation method of the Al composite material is characterized in that NiSO in the nickel salt plating solution of the electroplated nickel treatment 4 270g/L-275g/L, 40g/L-45g/L boric acid, 70g/L-75g/L nickel chloride and 0.1g/L-0.15g/L sodium dodecyl sulfate.
7. Continuous C based on laser cladding according to claim 1 f The preparation method of the Al composite material is characterized in that the step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 3.1, selecting argon as a protective gas, and cladding 1-2 aluminum layers on a specially-made aluminum substrate for bottoming to obtain an aluminum substrate;
step 3.2, cutting the carbon fiber tows subjected to nickel plating treatment to a length of 100-110 mm, paving the carbon fiber tows on the surface of the aluminum substrate in the same direction with cladding, and clamping the carbon fiber tows to obtain clamped carbon fiber tows;
and 3.3, determining and setting laser power, scanning speed, light spot radius, layer thickness and single-channel width, and carrying out laser cladding on the clamped carbon fiber tows until the aluminum metal powder and the fibers are uniformly infiltrated and completely melted and solidified to obtain the substrate with the carbon fiber tows.
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