CN115725913B - Reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN115725913B
CN115725913B CN202211457783.7A CN202211457783A CN115725913B CN 115725913 B CN115725913 B CN 115725913B CN 202211457783 A CN202211457783 A CN 202211457783A CN 115725913 B CN115725913 B CN 115725913B
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reinforcement
layer
aluminum
aluminum substrate
silicon carbide
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CN115725913A (en
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王培生
罗伟
黄小忠
杨威
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Central South University
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Central South University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a reinforcement reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material comprises a reinforcement layer and an aluminum substrate layer, wherein the reinforcement layer and the aluminum substrate layer are formed by random overlapping, and the total volume ratio of the reinforcement layer to the aluminum substrate layer is 1:4.5 to 9. Based on the synergistic effect among layers, the volume ratio of the reinforcement layer to the aluminum substrate layer is controlled, so that the addition amount of the reinforcement is effectively reduced, and the fracture toughness of the material is greatly improved. The hot-pressing process of the composite material die is not required to be carried out in a vacuum environment or protective atmosphere, and the infiltration depth and the binding force between the aluminum substrate and the reinforcement are controlled by controlling the temperature of the die to be slightly lower than the solid melting point of the aluminum substrate, so that the tensile strength of the composite material is greatly improved.

Description

Reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum-based composite material, in particular to a reinforcement reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of composite materials.
Background
The aluminum-based composite material has been widely used in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, electronic packaging and the like because of excellent characteristics of low density, high specific strength, high specific modulus, high wear resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient and the like. However, with the development of technology, especially the requirement of the aerospace field on the material performance is increasingly increased, the performance of the aluminum-based composite material is urgently required to be improved. Currently, aluminum-based composites are largely classified into particle-reinforced aluminum-based composites and fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composites. Although the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material has higher strength, the fracture toughness is poor and the use reliability is not enough; the fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material, in particular to a continuous fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material, which not only can ensure the strength of the composite material, but also can improve the fracture toughness, the shock resistance and the like of the material.
In the prior art, in order to make the reinforcement body well combined with the matrix, the furnace body with higher requirements on the manufacturing environment is required to be under vacuum or under the protection of argon or nitrogen atmosphere, and the pressing time is longer because of the problem of poor wettability of silicon carbide and an aluminum matrix.
Disclosure of Invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced aluminum-based composite material, which is based on the synergistic effect between layers, and by controlling the volume ratio of the reinforcement layer to the aluminum-based layer, the addition amount of the reinforcement is effectively reduced, and the tensile strength and fracture toughness of the material are greatly improved.
The second object of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the reinforcement reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which adopts a mold hot-pressing process, does not need to use a vacuum process, controls the wettability and binding force between the aluminum matrix and the reinforcement by controlling the mold temperature to be slightly lower than the solid-solution point of the aluminum matrix, and further combines the electroless plating modification and overlapping layering of the surface of the reinforcement to further improve the binding strength between the aluminum matrix and the reinforcement, thereby greatly improving the tensile strength and fracture toughness of the composite.
In order to achieve the technical aim, the invention provides a reinforcement reinforced aluminum-based composite material, which comprises a reinforcement layer and an aluminum-based layer; the reinforcement layers and the aluminum substrate layers are randomly overlapped, and at least one aluminum substrate layer is arranged between any two reinforcement layers; the total volume ratio of the reinforcement layer to the aluminum substrate layer is 1:4.5 to 9.
The composite material provided by the invention is formed by adopting a random overlapping mode based on the synergistic effect between the reinforcement layer and the aluminum substrate layer, so that the contact area of the reinforcement layer to the aluminum substrate layer is increased, and the fracture toughness of the composite material is improved; by strictly controlling the volume ratio between the reinforcement layer and the aluminum substrate layer, the bonding force between the reinforcement layer and the aluminum substrate is controlled, the addition amount of the reinforcement is effectively reduced, and the tensile strength of the composite material is greatly improved.
The volume ratio of the reinforcement layer to the aluminum substrate layer is strictly carried out according to the proportion, if the addition amount of the reinforcement layer is too large, the fibers cannot be completely surrounded by the aluminum substrate, so that no aluminum substrate exists between part of the fibers, and the load cannot be effectively transmitted in the stress process to influence the overall strength; if the amount of the reinforcing layer is too small, the reinforcing phase performance cannot be exhibited, and the reinforcing effect is directly affected.
As a preferable scheme, the surface of the reinforcement layer is covered with a metal plating layer, and the thickness of the metal plating layer is 0.2-2 mu m. The thickness of the metal coating is strictly required to be executed according to the requirements, if the thickness of the metal coating is too low, the polarity between the reinforcement and the aluminum substrate is too large, the infiltration effect cannot be achieved, and if the thickness of the metal coating is too high, the metal coating is easy to fall off from the surface of the reinforcement layer, cracks, and the bonding force between the reinforcement and the aluminum substrate is reduced.
As a preferable scheme, the reinforcement layer is silicon carbide fiber cloth, and the silicon carbide content in the silicon carbide fiber cloth is 85-95%. The purity of the silicon carbide fiber cloth adopted by the invention needs to be strictly executed according to the requirements, if the purity of the silicon carbide fiber cloth is too low, the strengthening effect on the aluminum substrate cannot be realized, and the high-temperature high-pressure preparation process under the non-vacuum environment cannot be satisfied.
As a preferred embodiment, the metal coating is a copper layer and/or a nickel layer.
As a preferable embodiment, the thickness of the aluminum substrate layer is 0.1 to 0.8mm.
As a preferred embodiment, the aluminum substrate layer is at least one of a 2-series aluminum alloy, a 6-series aluminum alloy, and a 7-series aluminum alloy.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the reinforcement reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, which comprises the steps of removing the glue of the reinforcement layer, and then carrying out chemical plating treatment to obtain a plated reinforcement layer; and (3) paving the plating reinforcement layer and the aluminum substrate layer with the oxide film removed in a die, and sequentially performing die pressing and pressure maintaining to obtain the aluminum alloy.
The preparation method provided by the invention adopts a die hot-pressing process, does not need to be carried out in a vacuum environment or protective atmosphere, and controls the infiltration depth and the binding force between the aluminum substrate and the reinforcement body by controlling the temperature of the die to be slightly lower than the solid melting point of the aluminum substrate, so that the tensile strength and the fracture toughness of the composite material are greatly improved.
As a preferable scheme, the glue removing process is to adopt solvent for cleaning after heating the reinforcement layer; the conditions of the photoresist removing process are as follows: the temperature is 570-630 ℃ and the time is 30-60 min.
As a preferred embodiment, the solvent is any one of water, ethanol and acetone.
As a preferred embodiment, the solvent cleaning conditions are as follows: and ultrasonic cleaning is carried out for 10-20 min.
As a preferable scheme, the method for removing the oxide layer of the aluminum substrate is any one of strong acid washing, strong alkali washing and polishing.
As a preferred embodiment, the molding conditions are: the pressure is 50-120 MPa, and the temperature is 630-650 ℃. The molding process is strictly executed according to the requirements, wherein the temperature is required to be slightly lower than the solid solution point of the aluminum substrate, so that the aluminum substrate is ensured to be in a semi-fluid state, and if the temperature is too high, the texture of the aluminum substrate is too soft or in a molten state, and quick forging cannot be realized; if the temperature is too low, the texture of the aluminum substrate is too hard, so that effective combination cannot be formed between the aluminum substrate and the reinforcement, cracks can be generated due to rapid stamping, and the mechanical property of the composite material is reduced.
As a preferable scheme, the pressure maintaining condition is as follows: the pressure is 50-120 MPa, and the time is 5-30 s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) The composite material provided by the invention is based on the synergistic effect between layers, and the volume ratio of the reinforcement layer to the aluminum substrate layer is controlled, so that the addition amount of the reinforcement is effectively reduced, and the tensile strength and fracture toughness of the material are greatly improved.
2) According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, a die hot-pressing process is adopted, the die hot-pressing process is not required to be carried out in a vacuum environment or protective atmosphere, the wettability and the binding force between the aluminum substrate and the reinforcement are controlled by controlling the temperature of the die to be slightly lower than the solid melting point of the aluminum substrate, then the chemical plating modification and the overlapping layering of the surface of the reinforcement are combined, and the bonding strength between the aluminum substrate and the reinforcement is further improved, so that the tensile strength and the fracture toughness of the composite material are greatly improved.
3) According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, through rapid stamping and integrated forming, the mechanical strength of the composite material is ensured, meanwhile, the rapid forming is realized, the preparation time is greatly shortened, the preparation cost is effectively reduced, the product productivity is improved, and the large-scale industrial production is facilitated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it will be obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art;
FIG. 1 is a SEM of copper-plated fiber preform filaments prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a SEM of the composite plate fracture prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope of the composite plate prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments are shown, for the purpose of illustrating the invention, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments shown.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically indicated, the various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or may be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1
A preparation method of a silicon carbide fiber cloth reinforced aluminum-based composite board comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) treating silicon carbide fiber cloth: removing the colloid of the silicon carbide fiber cloth at 600 ℃ for 30min, cleaning with acetone for 10min after the colloid is removed, and then drying and carrying out chemical copper plating treatment to obtain a silicon carbide fiber cloth preform containing a copper layer;
(2) Treatment of an aluminum substrate: selecting an aluminum alloy rolled plate with the model of 6061 and the thickness of 0.3mm, and polishing for 30min before heating in a furnace to remove an oxide film;
(3) Preparation of the final samples: alternately paving the silicon carbide fiber cloth preform and the aluminum substrate in a die according to the sequence of the aluminum substrate, namely the silicon carbide fiber cloth preform and the aluminum substrate, heating to 630 ℃, then applying 100MPa of pressure, and maintaining the pressure for 5s to obtain the silicon carbide fiber cloth reinforced aluminum substrate;
the size of the silicon carbide fiber cloth reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in the embodiment is thatThe volume fraction of the silicon carbide fiber reinforcement is about 18 percent, and the tensile strength can reach 350Mpa.
Example 2
A preparation method of a silicon carbide fiber cloth reinforced aluminum-based composite board comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) treating silicon carbide fiber cloth: removing the colloid of the silicon carbide fiber cloth at 600 ℃ for 30min, cleaning with acetone for 10min after the colloid is removed, and then drying and carrying out chemical copper plating treatment to obtain a silicon carbide fiber cloth preform containing a copper layer;
(2) Treatment of an aluminum substrate: selecting an aluminum alloy rolled plate with the model of 6061 and the thickness of 0.3mm, and cleaning with 30% NaOH solution and 20% HNO3 solution to remove an oxide film 30min before heating in a furnace;
(3) Preparation of the final samples: alternately paving the silicon carbide fiber cloth preform and the aluminum substrate in a die according to the sequence of the aluminum substrate, namely the silicon carbide fiber cloth preform and the aluminum substrate, heating to 650 ℃, then applying pressure of 50MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 15s to obtain the silicon carbide fiber cloth reinforced aluminum substrate;
the size of the silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in the embodiment isThe volume fraction of the silicon carbide fiber reinforcement is about 15 percent, and the tensile strength reaches 330Mpa.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a silicon carbide fiber cloth reinforced aluminum-based composite board comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) treating silicon carbide fiber cloth: removing the colloid of the silicon carbide fiber cloth at 600 ℃ for 30min, and cleaning the silicon carbide fiber cloth with acetone for 10min after the colloid is removed to obtain a silicon carbide fiber cloth preform;
(2) Treatment of an aluminum substrate: selecting an aluminum alloy rolled plate with the model of 6061 and the thickness of 0.3mm, and polishing for 30min before heating in a furnace to remove an oxide film;
(3) Preparation of the final samples: alternately paving the silicon carbide fiber cloth preform and the aluminum substrate preform in a die according to the sequence of an aluminum substrate, namely the silicon carbide fiber cloth preform and the aluminum substrate, heating to 650 ℃, then applying 20MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 1h to obtain the silicon carbide fiber cloth reinforced aluminum substrate composite board;
the size of the silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in the embodiment isThe volume fraction of the silicon carbide fiber reinforcement is about 40 percent, and the tensile strength is 100Mpa.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a silicon carbide fiber cloth reinforced aluminum-based composite board comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) treating silicon carbide fiber cloth: removing the colloid of the silicon carbide fiber cloth at 600 ℃ for 30min, cleaning with acetone for 10min after the colloid is removed, and then drying and carrying out chemical copper plating treatment to obtain a silicon carbide fiber cloth preform containing a copper layer;
(2) Treatment of an aluminum substrate: selecting an aluminum alloy rolled plate with the model of 6061 and the thickness of 0.3mm, and feeding into a furnace for adding30min before heating with 30% NaOH solution and 20% HNO 3 Cleaning the solution to remove the oxide film;
(3) Preparation of the final samples: alternately paving the silicon carbide fiber cloth preform and the aluminum substrate in the mold according to the sequence of the aluminum substrate, the silicon carbide fiber cloth preform and the aluminum substrate, placing the mold in a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, and pumping the vacuum degree to be less than 10 -2 Pa, heating to 650 ℃, applying pressure of 50MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 15s to obtain the silicon carbide fiber cloth reinforced aluminum-based composite board;
the size of the silicon carbide fiber bundle reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in the embodiment isThe volume fraction of the silicon carbide fiber reinforcement is about 15 percent, and the tensile strength reaches 320Mpa.
Comparative example 3
A preparation method of a silicon carbide fiber cloth reinforced aluminum-based composite board comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) treating silicon carbide fiber cloth: removing the colloid of the silicon carbide fiber cloth at 600 ℃ for 30min, cleaning with acetone for 10min after the colloid is removed, and then drying and carrying out chemical copper plating treatment to obtain a silicon carbide fiber cloth preform containing a copper layer;
(2) Treatment of an aluminum substrate: selecting an aluminum alloy rolled plate with the model of 6061 and the thickness of 0.3mm, and polishing for 30min before heating in a furnace to remove an oxide film;
(3) Preparation of the final samples: alternately paving the silicon carbide fiber cloth preform and the aluminum substrate in a die according to the sequence of the aluminum substrate, namely the silicon carbide fiber cloth preform and the aluminum substrate, heating to 600 ℃, then applying 100MPa of pressure, and maintaining the pressure for 5 seconds to obtain the silicon carbide fiber cloth reinforced aluminum substrate;
the size of the silicon carbide fiber cloth reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in the embodiment is thatThe volume fraction of the silicon carbide fiber reinforcement is about 18 percent, and the tensile strength can reach 118Mpa.

Claims (7)

1. A reinforcement-reinforced aluminum matrix composite, characterized by: comprises a reinforcement layer and an aluminum substrate layer; the reinforcement layers and the aluminum substrate layers are randomly overlapped, and at least one aluminum substrate layer is arranged between any two reinforcement layers; the total volume ratio of the reinforcement layer to the aluminum substrate layer is 1: 4.5-9;
the preparation process of the aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: removing the glue from the reinforcement layer, and performing chemical plating treatment to obtain a plated reinforcement layer; spreading the plating reinforcement layer and the aluminum substrate layer with the oxide film removed in a die, and sequentially performing die pressing and pressure maintaining to obtain the aluminum alloy;
the molding conditions are as follows: the pressure is 50-120 MPa, and the temperature is 630-650 ℃;
the pressure maintaining conditions are as follows: the pressure is 50-120 MPa, and the time is 5-30 s.
2. The reinforcement-reinforced aluminum-based composite of claim 1, wherein: the surface of the reinforcement layer is covered with a metal plating layer, and the thickness of the metal plating layer is 0.2-2 mu m.
3. The reinforcement-reinforced aluminum-based composite of claim 2, wherein: the reinforcement layer is silicon carbide fiber cloth, and the silicon carbide content in the silicon carbide fiber cloth is 85-95%; the metal plating layer is a copper layer and/or a nickel layer.
4. The reinforcement-reinforced aluminum-based composite of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the aluminum substrate layer is 0.1-0.8 mm; the aluminum substrate layer is at least one of a 2-series aluminum alloy, a 6-series aluminum alloy and a 7-series aluminum alloy.
5. The reinforcement-reinforced aluminum-based composite of claim 1, wherein: the glue removing process is to adopt a solvent for cleaning after heating the reinforcement layer; the conditions of the photoresist removing process are as follows: the temperature is 570-630 ℃ and the time is 30-60 min.
6. The reinforcement-reinforced aluminum-based composite of claim 5, wherein: the solvent is any one of water, ethanol and acetone; the conditions for cleaning the solvent are as follows: and (5) ultrasonic cleaning for 10-20 min.
7. The reinforcement-reinforced aluminum-based composite of claim 1, wherein: the method for removing the oxide film on the aluminum substrate layer is any one of strong acid washing, strong alkali washing and polishing.
CN202211457783.7A 2022-11-21 2022-11-21 Reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof Active CN115725913B (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5326525A (en) * 1988-07-11 1994-07-05 Rockwell International Corporation Consolidation of fiber materials with particulate metal aluminide alloys
CN102943225A (en) * 2012-10-11 2013-02-27 北京理工大学 Carbon fiber cloth/aluminium alloy composite material and preparation method thereof
CN106929776A (en) * 2017-02-17 2017-07-07 哈尔滨工程大学 One kind improves SiC Fiber Reinforced Tis/Al3The method of Ti intermetallic compounds layer shape interfacial shear strengths
CN107513675A (en) * 2017-07-31 2017-12-26 西安科技大学 A kind of preparation method of silicon carbide fibre beam reinforced aluminum matrix composites
CN111139410A (en) * 2020-01-13 2020-05-12 嘉瑞科技(惠州)有限公司 Fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated composite material and preparation method thereof
CN114921734A (en) * 2022-05-12 2022-08-19 厦门大学 Preparation method of continuous ceramic fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5326525A (en) * 1988-07-11 1994-07-05 Rockwell International Corporation Consolidation of fiber materials with particulate metal aluminide alloys
CN102943225A (en) * 2012-10-11 2013-02-27 北京理工大学 Carbon fiber cloth/aluminium alloy composite material and preparation method thereof
CN106929776A (en) * 2017-02-17 2017-07-07 哈尔滨工程大学 One kind improves SiC Fiber Reinforced Tis/Al3The method of Ti intermetallic compounds layer shape interfacial shear strengths
CN107513675A (en) * 2017-07-31 2017-12-26 西安科技大学 A kind of preparation method of silicon carbide fibre beam reinforced aluminum matrix composites
CN111139410A (en) * 2020-01-13 2020-05-12 嘉瑞科技(惠州)有限公司 Fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated composite material and preparation method thereof
CN114921734A (en) * 2022-05-12 2022-08-19 厦门大学 Preparation method of continuous ceramic fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite

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