CN117309798A - Gas sensor light path design method, structure of reflecting surface thereof and manufacturing process - Google Patents
Gas sensor light path design method, structure of reflecting surface thereof and manufacturing process Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/0303—Optical path conditioning in cuvettes, e.g. windows; adapted optical elements or systems; path modifying or adjustment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas sensor light path design method, which relates to the technical field of infrared gas sensors, and comprises the following steps: step one, designing a plane ellipse, establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system, and establishing the ellipse in the plane rectangular coordinate system; step two, designing a three-dimensional elliptic sphere, and rotating the plane ellipse in the step one around the x axis for half a circle to obtain a three-dimensional elliptic sphere; step three, designing an air chamber in the shape of the elliptic sphere obtained in the step two, designing the inner wall of the elliptic sphere as a reflecting surface, and setting the position of the light source at the focus F 1 At the position of the signal receiver is set at the focus F 2 A place; the invention also discloses a structure and a manufacturing process of the reflecting surface of the infrared gas sensor, and the invention further increases the light path and reduces the length of the air chamberThe infrared light utilization rate is improved, more light can be irradiated to the signal receiver, and meanwhile, the light path structure is simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of infrared gas sensors, in particular to a gas sensor optical path design method, a structure of a reflecting surface of the gas sensor optical path design method and a manufacturing process of the reflecting surface of the gas sensor optical path design method.
Background
The infrared gas sensor is a gas sensing device which selects absorption characteristics based on near infrared spectrums of different gas molecules, and utilizes the relation between gas concentration and absorption intensity to identify gas components and determine the concentration according to lambert-beer law.
It has been found that the greater the distance of the infrared light from the light source to the signal receiver, or the more light is irradiated to the signal receiver, the greater the amount of signal change in the receiver when the gas is changed in unit concentration, the more sensitive the sensor, and the higher the accuracy.
The traditional infrared gas sensor light path has the main defects that: (1) Illuminating the signal receiver face-to-face with a light source, so that its air cell would be made long to increase the light path, resulting in a large size; (2) The reflection surface is designed on the light path, but the reflection surface is generally a plane or a common cambered surface, and only a small part of infrared light irradiates the signal receiver, so that the utilization rate of the infrared light is very low; (3) The number of reflecting surfaces on the light path is too large, the structure is complex, and the sensor is difficult to produce.
In order to increase the light path length of the infrared gas sensor, reduce the length of the air chamber, improve the infrared light utilization rate, enable more light to irradiate the signal receiver and simplify the light path structure, the applicant specially designs the light path of the infrared gas sensor, further increases the light path length, reduces the size of the air chamber, improves the infrared light utilization rate, enables more light to irradiate the signal receiver and simultaneously simplifies the light path structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to further increase the light path, reduce the length of the air chamber, improve the utilization rate of infrared light, enable more light to irradiate on the signal receiver and simplify the light path structure.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the gas sensor light path design method comprises the following steps:
step one, designing a plane ellipse, and setting the position of a light source as a focus F 1 The position of the signal receiver is the focus F 2 By F 1 And F is equal to 2 The center of the connecting line is used as an origin, a plane rectangular coordinate system is established, and the connecting line is characterized in thatAn ellipse is established in a plane rectangular coordinate system, and the mathematical expression of the ellipse is as follows: (wherein x, y are coordinate parameters, a and b are constants, and a>b>0) The light path of the light emitted from the light source after elliptical reflection reaches the signal receiver is 2a, the focus F 1 Coordinates areFocus F 2 Coordinates of->
Designing a three-dimensional elliptic sphere, rotating the plane ellipse in the first step around the x-axis for half a circle to obtain a three-dimensional elliptic sphere, and setting the position of a light source as a focus F 1 The position of the signal receiver is the focus F 2 By F 1 And F is equal to 2 The center of the connecting line is used as an origin, a space rectangular coordinate system is established, a three-dimensional elliptic sphere is established in the space rectangular coordinate system, and the mathematical expression of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is as follows:
(wherein x, y,
z is a coordinate parameter, a and b are constants, and a>b>0) The light path of the light emitted from the light source after being reflected by the three-dimensional elliptic sphere reaches the signal receiver to be 2a, the focus F 1 Coordinates areFocus F 2 Coordinates are
Step three, designing gas according to the shape of the elliptic sphere obtained in the step twoA chamber with an elliptical ball inner wall as a reflecting surface, and a light source arranged at the focus F 1 At the position of the signal receiver is set at the focus F 2 Where it is located.
Further, the position of the light source is set to deviate from the focus F 1 At the position of the signal receiver is set to deviate from the focus F 2 Where it is located.
In the second step, the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is divided at the plane where the x axis and the y axis are located, half of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is taken, and the two outer sides of the long axis of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere are symmetrically cut off.
In the third step, the light source and the signal receiver face towards the cambered surface of the inner wall of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere.
Further, in the second step, the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is symmetrically cut off along the two outer sides of the long axis.
In the second step, the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is symmetrically cut along the two outer sides of the long axis, and the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is symmetrically cut along the two outer sides of the short axis.
In the second step, the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is divided at the position of the plane where the x axis and the y axis are located, half of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is taken, the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is symmetrically cut off along the two outer sides of the long axis, and the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is symmetrically cut off along the two outer sides of the short axis.
In the third step, the light source and the signal receiver face towards the cambered surface of the inner wall of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere.
The invention also discloses a reflecting surface structure of the infrared gas sensor, which comprises a surface protection layer, a reflecting coating and a bottom layer which are sequentially arranged, wherein the surface protection layer is made of tin dioxide, the reflecting coating is made of aluminum, and the bottom layer is made of PC plastic.
The invention also discloses a manufacturing process of the reflecting surface of the infrared gas sensor, which comprises the following steps:
step one, splitting a shell of an infrared gas sensor into a plurality of parts;
step two, opening the mould for injection molding to produce a shell made of high-temperature-resistant PC plastic material, so as to form a bottom layer;
plating a reflective metal film on the inner reflective surface of the shell, sputtering aluminum atoms below the surface layer of the shell to form a compact reflective coating;
and fourthly, plating tin dioxide on the surface of the reflective film to form a surface protection layer.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention establishes a three-dimensional elliptic sphere in a space rectangular coordinate system, wherein the mathematical expression of the elliptic sphere is
(wherein x, y, z are coordinate parameters, a and b are constants, and a>b>0) The air chamber designed according to the shape of the elliptical sphere has a plurality of advantages, and the position of the light source is set at the focus F by designing the inner wall of the elliptical sphere as a reflecting surface 1 At the position of the signal receiver is set at the focus F 2 Where it is located. From the focus F of the light source 1 Light is emitted to the periphery, most of the light is reflected by the reflecting surface on the inner wall of the elliptical sphere and then the reflected light is converged to a focus F 2 Is received by the signal receiver. The light rays emitted from the light source to the periphery are reflected by the reflecting surface on the inner wall of the elliptical sphere, and the distance between the light rays and the signal receiver is 2a. Compared with the direct irradiation of a light source in the prior art, the invention further increases the light path and shortens the length of the air chamber; and due to the light source from the focus F 1 Light is emitted to the periphery, most of the light is reflected by the reflecting surface of the inner wall of the elliptical sphere and then is collected to a focus F 2 The signal receiver of the system greatly improves the utilization rate of infrared light and achieves the aim of enabling more light to irradiate the signal receiver; on the other hand, the invention directly designs the inner wall of the elliptical sphere as the reflecting surface for reflecting light rays, and compared with the prior art which needs to design a plurality of reflecting surfaces, the invention further simplifies the light path structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ellipse established in a planar rectangular coordinate system in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional ellipsoid established in a space rectangular coordinate system according to the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the reflecting surfaces of the light source, the signal receiver and the air chamber in the first embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a second schematic view of the structure of the reflecting surface of the light source, the signal receiver and the air chamber in the first embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the reflecting surface of the light source, signal receiver, air cell in the first embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a top view of the reflective surface of the light source, signal receiver, air cell in the first embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reflecting surfaces of the light source, the signal receiver and the air chamber in the second embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a second schematic view of the structure of the reflecting surface of the light source, the signal receiver and the air chamber in the second embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a front view of the reflecting surface of the light source, signal receiver, air cell in the second embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a top view of the reflecting surfaces of the light source, signal receiver, and air cell in the second embodiment;
FIG. 11 is one of schematic structural views of the reflecting surfaces of the light source, the signal receiver and the air cell in the third embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a second schematic view of the structure of the reflecting surfaces of the light source, the signal receiver and the air cell in the third embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a front view of the reflecting surface of the light source, signal receiver, air cell in embodiment three;
FIG. 14 is a top view of the reflective surface of the light source, signal receiver, air cell in embodiment three;
fig. 15 is one of schematic structural views of the reflecting surfaces of the light source, the signal receiver, and the air cell in the fourth embodiment;
FIG. 16 is a second schematic view of the structure of the reflecting surface of the light source, the signal receiver and the air cell in the fourth embodiment;
FIG. 17 is a front view of the reflecting surface of the light source, signal receiver, air cell in embodiment four;
FIG. 18 is a top view of the reflecting surfaces of the light source, signal receiver, and air cell in embodiment four;
fig. 19 is a schematic view of a reflection surface structure of an infrared gas sensor in a sixth embodiment.
The reference numerals are:
1 light source, 2 signal receiver, 3 reflecting surface, 4 protective layer, 5 reflective coating and 6 bottom layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that, in the first to fifth embodiments, the positions of the light source 1 and the signal receiver 2 are exchanged in an axisymmetric manner, and the new scheme is also within the scope of protection of the present patent.
Example 1
The gas sensor optical path design method as shown in fig. 1 to 6 includes the steps of:
step one, designing a plane ellipse, and setting the position of the light source 1 as a focus F 1 The position of the signal receiver 2 is the focal point F 2 By F 1 And F is equal to 2 The center of the connecting line is used as an origin, a plane rectangular coordinate system is established, as shown in fig. 1, an ellipse is established in the plane rectangular coordinate system, and the mathematical expression of the ellipse is as follows: (wherein x, y are coordinate parameters, a and b are constants, and a>b>0) The light path of the light emitted from the light source 1 after elliptical reflection reaches the signal receiver 2 is 2a, the focus F 1 Coordinates areFocus F 2 Coordinates of->
Designing a three-dimensional elliptic sphere, and rotating the plane ellipse in the first step around the x-axis for half a circle to obtain the three-dimensional elliptic sphereThe position of the light source 1 is set as a focus F 1 The position of the signal receiver 2 is the focal point F 2 By F 1 And F is equal to 2 The center of the connecting line is the origin, as shown in fig. 2, a space rectangular coordinate system is established, a three-dimensional elliptic sphere is established in the space rectangular coordinate system, and the mathematical expression of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is as follows:
(wherein x, y, z are coordinate parameters, a and b are constants, and a>b>0) The light path of the light emitted from the light source 1 after being reflected by the stereo elliptic sphere reaches the signal receiver 2 is 2a, the focus F 1 Coordinates areFocus F 2 Coordinates of->
Dividing the three-dimensional elliptic sphere at the plane of the x axis and the y axis, taking half of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere, and symmetrically cutting off the two outer sides of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere along the long axis to obtain the shape of the air chamber shown in figures 3, 4, 5 and 6.
Step three, designing an air chamber in the shape of the elliptic sphere obtained in the step two, designing the inner wall of the elliptic sphere as a reflecting surface 3, and setting the position of the light source 1 at the focus F 1 At this point, the position of the signal receiver 2 is set at the focus F 2 A place; the light emitted by the light source 1 and the signal receiver 2 are reflected by the reflecting surface 3 of the semi-solid elliptic sphere on the inner wall of the air chamber and then reach the signal receiver 2 when facing the cambered surface of the inner wall of the solid elliptic sphere.
When the reflecting surface 3 in the air chamber is actually designed, the reflecting surface is limited by the shape and the size of the infrared gas sensor, so that the infrared gas sensor is convenient to produce, a complete ellipse (sphere) is not generally used, but other curved surfaces (or planes) are spliced by using part of ellipse (sphere) surfaces, and the spliced other curved surfaces (or planes) can assist or correct the reflection of light rays, so that more light rays irradiate the signal receiver.
In addition, it should be noted that: 1. when the shell of the air chamber is actually designed, one or more air holes are designed on the shell of the air chamber, and the number, shape, size, position and the like of the air holes are not specifically described herein; to avoid burning (or even burning out) of the signal receiver 2 due to excessive focusing of light, the position of the light source 1, the position of the signal receiver 2 may be slightly out of focus, i.e. the position of the light source 1 may be set out of focus F 1 At this point, the position of the signal receiver 2 may be set off the focus F 2 A place; 2. in addition, the actual light source 1 is not an absolute point light source 1 (i.e. not a point light, but a filament or a lamp block light), so that the light reaching the signal receiver 2 is not excessively focused, which also prevents the signal receiver 2 from being burnt (or even burnt out) to some extent.
The light emitted from the light source 1 to the periphery is reflected by the reflecting surface 3 on the inner wall of the elliptical sphere, and the light path to the signal receiver 2 is 2 a; and also due to the light source 1 from the focus F 1 Light rays are emitted to the periphery, most of the light rays are reflected by the reflecting surface 3 on the inner wall of the elliptical sphere and then are collected to the focus F 2 The signal receiver 2 of the system greatly improves the utilization rate of infrared light and achieves the aim of enabling more light to irradiate the signal receiver 2; on the other hand, the invention directly designs the inner wall of the elliptical sphere as the reflecting surface 3 for reflecting light rays, and compared with the prior art which needs to design a plurality of reflecting surfaces 3, the invention further simplifies the light path structure.
Example two
The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that the second and third embodiments are modified to obtain air chambers with different shapes, which is described in detail below.
The gas sensor optical path design method as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 7 to 10 comprises the following steps:
step one, designing a plane ellipse, and setting the position of the light source 1 as a focus F 1 The position of the signal receiver 2 is the focal point F 2 By F 1 And F is equal to 2 Of wire connectionThe center is used as an origin, a plane rectangular coordinate system is established, as shown in fig. 1, an ellipse is established in the plane rectangular coordinate system, and the mathematical expression of the ellipse is as follows: (wherein x, y are coordinate parameters, a and b are constants, and a>b>0) The light path of the light emitted from the light source 1 after elliptical reflection reaches the signal receiver 2 is 2a, the focus F 1 Coordinates areFocus F 2 Coordinates of->
Step two, designing a three-dimensional elliptic sphere, namely rotating the plane ellipse in the step one around the x axis for half a circle to obtain a three-dimensional elliptic sphere, and setting the position of the light source 1 as a focus F 1 The position of the signal receiver 2 is the focal point F 2 By F 1 And F is equal to 2 The center of the connecting line is the origin, as shown in fig. 2, a space rectangular coordinate system is established, a three-dimensional elliptic sphere is established in the space rectangular coordinate system, and the mathematical expression of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is as follows:
(wherein x, y, z are coordinate parameters, a and b are constants, and a>b>0) The light path of the light emitted from the light source 1 after being reflected by the stereo elliptic sphere reaches the signal receiver 2 is 2a, the focus F 1 Coordinates areFocus F 2 Coordinates of->
The three-dimensional elliptic sphere is symmetrically cut along the two outer sides of the long axis.
Step three, designing an air chamber in the shape of the elliptic sphere obtained in the step two, designing the inner wall of the elliptic sphere as a reflecting surface 3, and setting the position of the light source 1 at the focus F 1 At this point, the position of the signal receiver 2 is set at the focus F 2 Here, the shape of the air chamber as shown in fig. 7, 8, 9 and 10 is obtained, and the light emitted from the light source 1 is reflected by the reflection surface 3 of the semi-solid elliptical sphere on the inner wall of the air chamber and then reaches the signal receiver 2.
Example III
The difference between the third embodiment and the first embodiment is that the second and third embodiments are modified to obtain air chambers with different shapes, which is described in detail below.
The gas sensor optical path design method as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 11 to 14 comprises the following steps:
step one, designing a plane ellipse, and setting the position of the light source 1 as a focus F 1 The position of the signal receiver 2 is the focal point F 2 By F 1 And F is equal to 2 The center of the connecting line is used as an origin, a plane rectangular coordinate system is established, as shown in fig. 1, an ellipse is established in the plane rectangular coordinate system, and the mathematical expression of the ellipse is as follows: (wherein x, y are coordinate parameters, a and b are constants, and a>b>0) The light path of the light emitted from the light source 1 after elliptical reflection reaches the signal receiver 2 is 2a, the focus F 1 Coordinates areFocus F 2 Coordinates of->
Designing a three-dimensional elliptic sphere, and rotating the plane ellipse in the first step around the x axisTurning half a circle to obtain a solid elliptic sphere, and setting the position of the light source 1 as a focus F 1 The position of the signal receiver 2 is the focal point F 2 By F 1 And F is equal to 2 The center of the connecting line is the origin, as shown in fig. 2, a space rectangular coordinate system is established, a three-dimensional elliptic sphere is established in the space rectangular coordinate system, and the mathematical expression of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is as follows:
(wherein x, y, z are coordinate parameters, a and b are constants, and a>b>0) The light path of the light emitted from the light source 1 after being reflected by the stereo elliptic sphere reaches the signal receiver 2 is 2a, the focus F 1 Coordinates areFocus F 2 Coordinates of->
The three-dimensional elliptic sphere is symmetrically cut along the two outer sides of the long axis, and the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is symmetrically cut along the two outer sides of the short axis.
Step three, designing an air chamber in the shape of the elliptic sphere obtained in the step two, designing the inner wall of the elliptic sphere as a reflecting surface 3, and setting the position of the light source 1 at the focus F 1 At this point, the position of the signal receiver 2 is set at the focus F 2 Here, the shape of the air chamber as shown in fig. 11, 12, 13, and 14 is obtained, and the light emitted from the light source 1 is reflected by the reflection surface 3 of the semi-solid elliptical sphere of the inner wall of the air chamber and then reaches the signal receiver 2.
Example IV
The fourth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the second and third embodiments are modified to obtain air chambers with different shapes, which is described in detail below.
The gas sensor optical path design method as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 15 to 18 comprises the following steps:
step one, designing a plane ellipse, and setting a light source 1The position is the focus F 1 The position of the signal receiver 2 is the focal point F 2 By F 1 And F is equal to 2 The center of the connecting line is used as an origin, a plane rectangular coordinate system is established, as shown in fig. 1, an ellipse is established in the plane rectangular coordinate system, and the mathematical expression of the ellipse is as follows: (wherein x, y are coordinate parameters, a and b are constants, and a>b>0) The light path of the light emitted from the light source 1 after elliptical reflection reaches the signal receiver 2 is 2a, the focus F 1 Coordinates areFocus F 2 Coordinates of->
Step two, designing a three-dimensional elliptic sphere, namely rotating the plane ellipse in the step one around the x axis for half a circle to obtain a three-dimensional elliptic sphere, and setting the position of the light source 1 as a focus F 1 The position of the signal receiver 2 is the focal point F 2 By F 1 And F is equal to 2 The center of the connecting line is the origin, as shown in fig. 2, a space rectangular coordinate system is established, a three-dimensional elliptic sphere is established in the space rectangular coordinate system, and the mathematical expression of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is as follows:
(wherein x, y, z are coordinate parameters, a and b are constants, and a>b>0) The light path of the light emitted from the light source 1 after being reflected by the stereo elliptic sphere reaches the signal receiver 2 is 2a, the focus F 1 Coordinates areFocus F 2 Coordinates of->
Dividing the three-dimensional elliptic sphere at the position of a plane where the x axis and the y axis are located, taking half of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere, symmetrically cutting off the three-dimensional elliptic sphere along the two outer sides of the long axis, and symmetrically cutting off the three-dimensional elliptic sphere along the two outer sides of the short axis.
Step three, designing an air chamber in the shape of the elliptic sphere obtained in the step two, designing the inner wall of the elliptic sphere as a reflecting surface 3, and setting the position of the light source 1 at the focus F 1 At this point, the position of the signal receiver 2 is set at the focus F 2 The light source 1 and the signal receiver 2 are both directed to the cambered surface of the inner wall of the three-dimensional elliptical sphere to obtain the shape of the air chamber as shown in fig. 15, 16, 17 and 18, and the light emitted by the light source 1 reaches the signal receiver 2 after being reflected by the reflecting surface 3 of the semi-three-dimensional elliptical sphere and the reflecting surface on the focus of the inner wall of the air chamber.
Example five
The gas sensor light path design method comprises the following steps:
step one, designing a plane ellipse, and setting the position of the light source 1 as a focus F 1 The position of the signal receiver 2 is the focal point F 2 By F 1 And F is equal to 2 The center of the connecting line is used as an origin, a plane rectangular coordinate system is established, as shown in fig. 1, an ellipse is established in the plane rectangular coordinate system, and the mathematical expression of the ellipse is as follows: (wherein x, y are coordinate parameters, a and b are constants, and a>b>0) The light path of the light emitted from the light source 1 after elliptical reflection reaches the signal receiver 2 is 2a, the focus F 1 Coordinates areFocus F 2 Coordinates of->
Step two, designing a three-dimensional elliptic sphere, directly stretching the plane ellipse in the step one along the z-axis to obtain an elliptic cylinder with an elliptic bottom surface, and setting the position of the light source 1 as a focus F 1 The position of the signal receiver 2 is the focal point F 2 By F 1 And F is equal to 2 The center of the connecting line is used as an origin, and a space rectangular coordinate system is established.
Dividing the elliptic cylinder at the plane of the x-axis and the z-axis, taking one half of the elliptic cylinder, symmetrically cutting off the elliptic cylinder along the two outer sides of the long axis, and rounding.
Step three, designing an air chamber in the shape obtained in the step two, designing the inner wall of an elliptic cylinder as a reflecting surface 3, and setting the position of the light source 1 at a focus F 1 At this point, the position of the signal receiver 2 is set at the focus F 2 The light source 1 and the signal receiver 2 are both arranged at the cambered surface of the inner wall of the elliptic cylinder, and the light emitted by the light source 1 reaches the signal receiver 2 after being reflected by the reflecting surface 3 of the inner wall of the air chamber and the reflecting surface on the focus.
Example six
The reflective surface structure of the infrared gas sensor as shown in the figure comprises a surface protection layer 4, a reflective coating 5 and a bottom layer 6 which are sequentially arranged, wherein the surface protection layer 4 is made of tin dioxide, the reflective coating 5 is made of aluminum, and the bottom layer 6 is made of PC plastic.
Tin dioxide is an excellent transparent conductive material and is very suitable for surface treatment of the infrared gas sensor shell.
The surface protective layer 4 uses tin dioxide (SnO) 2 ) The material has the advantages that: (1) excellent chemical stability and corrosion resistance: the light-reflecting plate 5 can be protected from oxidation and corrosion (because the metal plate is oxidized and corroded when exposed to air); (2) conductivity: the surface protection layer 4 (tin dioxide is conductive) is connected to the ground wire of the infrared gas sensor, so that not only can charges generated by the photoelectric effect of light (emitted by a light source) and a shell be released, signal crosstalk is avoided, but also the shell can be prevented from accumulating charges, charged dust in air is adsorbed, and reverse damage is avoidedThe reflection surface (the reflectivity is reduced) greatly prolongs the service life of the sensor; (3) light transmission: tin dioxide is transparent as the surface protective layer 4, and the loss of light passing through is very small; (4) reflecting infrared light: the transmissivity of the tin dioxide to visible light reaches more than 80%, but the reflectivity to infrared light can reach 80% -90%, so that the reflective coating 5 can be assisted to reflect the infrared light emitted by the light source to the signal receiver; (5) the adhesion is strong: the adhesive strength to glass, ceramics and some metals can reach 200kg/cm 2 Is not easy to fall off.
The advantage of using aluminum (Al) material for the reflective coating 5 is that: (1) the material cost is low; (2) the processing is convenient.
In this scheme, the material of the reflective coating 5 is changed into gold, silver, copper, chromium or other metals or alloys, which are also within the scope of the present invention.
The advantage of using high temperature resistant PC plastic as the material for the bottom layer 6 is that: (1) the injection molding processing of the die is convenient; (2) the mechanical strength is high, and the stress is not easy to deform; (3) the thermal expansion coefficient is small, the high-low temperature impact resistance is realized, and the stable optical path structure is maintained.
In this embodiment, the material of the bottom layer 6 (housing) is changed to other kinds of plastics, which is also within the scope of the present invention.
Example seven
The manufacturing process of the reflecting surface of the infrared gas sensor comprises the following steps:
step one, splitting a shell of the infrared gas sensor into a plurality of parts so as to facilitate mold opening and injection molding.
And step two, opening the mould for injection molding to produce a shell made of high-temperature-resistant PC plastic material, so as to form a bottom layer 6.
Plating a reflective metal film on the inner reflective surface of the shell, sputtering aluminum atoms below the surface layer of the shell to form a compact reflective coating 5, wherein the specific process of the step three is as follows:
(1) placing the shell and the aluminum target into a sputtering machine;
(2) vacuum of the sputtering machine to 0.01Pa level;
(3) argon is injected to 100Pa level;
(4) applying voltage to the internal electrode of the sputtering machine, and generating glow discharge between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, so that argon is ionized in an electric field to generate argon ions and free electrons;
(5) argon ions are accelerated towards a cathode (target material), free electrons are accelerated towards an anode, and the accelerated argon ions and free ions collide with other argon atoms, so that more argon atoms are ionized;
(6) a large amount of argon ions strike the surface of the metal aluminum target material, so that aluminum atoms are separated and move in a sputtering machine, and finally the surface of the bottom layer 6 (sensor shell) is covered, so that a compact reflective film, namely a reflective coating 5, is formed.
The application of the sputtering process has the advantages that: firstly, the plating layer is extremely thin, and the influence on the surface of the reflecting surface is extremely small, so that the influence on the structure of the optical path can be ignored; secondly, metal atoms are driven into the lower part of the shell skin layer, so that the adhesive force of the coating is extremely large and is more than ten times that of a common coating, and the coating is not easy to fall off.
And fourthly, plating tin dioxide on the surface of the reflective film to form a surface protection layer 4.
The above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, so that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical principles of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The gas sensor light path design method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, designing a plane ellipse, and setting the position of a light source as a focus F 1 The position of the signal receiver is the focus F 2 By F 1 And F is equal to 2 The center of the connecting line is used as an origin, a plane rectangular coordinate system is established, an ellipse is established in the plane rectangular coordinate system, and the mathematical expression of the ellipse is as follows: (wherein x, y are coordinate parameters, a and b are constants, and a>b>0) The light path of the light emitted from the light source after elliptical reflection reaches the signal receiver is 2a, the focus F 1 Coordinates of->Focus F 2 Coordinates of->
Designing a three-dimensional elliptic sphere, rotating the plane ellipse in the first step around the x-axis for half a circle to obtain a three-dimensional elliptic sphere, and setting the position of a light source as a focus F 1 The position of the signal receiver is the focus F 2 By F 1 And F is equal to 2 The center of the connecting line is used as an origin, a space rectangular coordinate system is established, a three-dimensional elliptic sphere is established in the space rectangular coordinate system, and the mathematical expression of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is as follows:
(wherein x, y,
z is a coordinate parameter, a and b are constants, and a>b>0) The light path of the light emitted from the light source after being reflected by the three-dimensional elliptic sphere reaches the signal receiver to be 2a, the focus F 1 Coordinates areFocus F 2 Coordinates are
Step three, designing an air chamber in the shape of the elliptic sphere obtained in the step two, designing the inner wall of the elliptic sphere as a reflecting surface, and setting the position of the light source at the focus F 1 Where the position of the signal receiver is setAt the focus F 2 Where it is located.
2. The gas sensor optical path design method according to claim 1, wherein: the position of the light source is set to deviate from the focus F 1 At the position of the signal receiver is set to deviate from the focus F 2 Where it is located.
3. The gas sensor optical path design method according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is divided at the plane where the x axis and the y axis are located, half of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is taken, and the two outer sides of the long axis of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere are symmetrically cut off.
4. The gas sensor optical path design method according to claim 3, wherein: and step three, the light source and the signal receiver face towards the cambered surface of the inner wall of the three-dimensional elliptical sphere.
5. The gas sensor optical path design method according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is symmetrically cut off along the two outer sides of the long axis.
6. The gas sensor optical path design method according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is symmetrically cut off along the two outer sides of the long axis, and the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is symmetrically cut off along the two outer sides of the short axis.
7. The gas sensor optical path design method according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is divided at the position of the plane where the x axis and the y axis are located, half of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere is taken, the two outer sides of the long axis of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere are symmetrically cut off, and the two outer sides of the short axis of the three-dimensional elliptic sphere are symmetrically cut off.
8. The gas sensor optical path design method according to claim 7, wherein: and step three, the light source and the signal receiver face towards the cambered surface of the inner wall of the three-dimensional elliptical sphere.
9. The reflecting surface structure of the infrared gas sensor is characterized in that: the surface protection layer is made of tin dioxide, the reflective coating is made of aluminum, and the bottom layer is made of PC plastic.
10. The manufacturing process of the reflecting surface of the infrared gas sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, splitting a shell of an infrared gas sensor into a plurality of parts;
step two, opening the mould for injection molding to produce a shell made of high-temperature-resistant PC plastic material, so as to form a bottom layer;
plating a reflective metal film on the inner reflective surface of the shell, sputtering aluminum atoms below the surface layer of the shell to form a compact reflective coating;
and fourthly, plating tin dioxide on the surface of the reflective film to form a surface protection layer.
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