CN117259752A - Preparation method of open-cell foam aluminum - Google Patents
Preparation method of open-cell foam aluminum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117259752A CN117259752A CN202311255222.3A CN202311255222A CN117259752A CN 117259752 A CN117259752 A CN 117259752A CN 202311255222 A CN202311255222 A CN 202311255222A CN 117259752 A CN117259752 A CN 117259752A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pore
- aluminum
- forming agent
- open
- ball milling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zinc Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zn] HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum zinc Chemical compound [Al].[Zn] FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004100 electronic packaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
- B22F3/1134—Inorganic fillers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F2003/026—Mold wall lubrication or article surface lubrication
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of open-cell foam aluminum. According to the method, the ball milling tank is vacuumized, the ball milling process is operated in a positive and reverse rotation alternating mode, a certain time interval is reserved between the positive and reverse rotation alternating operation, and the like, so that the pore-forming agent particles and the aluminum powder are uniformly mixed, the pore-forming agent particles are easier to thoroughly remove, and the problem that the residual pore-forming agent corrodes the open-cell foam aluminum during the service period of the open-cell foam aluminum so as to influence the service performance of the open-cell foam aluminum is avoided. The invention does not need a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace for preparation, reduces the equipment requirement, and has simple and convenient equipment operation and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of foam metal preparation, in particular to a preparation method of functional open-cell foam aluminum with small pore diameter.
Background
Foam metal is a novel material with both structure and function and is considered to be the most potential material in the 21 st century. Among all metal elements, aluminum has the advantages of high storage capacity, low cost, low density, good plasticity and the like, and becomes a research hot spot of foam metal. The foamed aluminum is composed of a metal aluminum (or aluminum alloy) matrix and air holes, and has the characteristics of low relative density, high specific strength, large specific surface area and the like due to the special porous structure, so that the foamed aluminum has good energy absorption performance, damping performance, acoustic performance, electromagnetic shielding performance, thermal performance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of building industry, electronic packaging, transportation, aerospace and the like. According to whether the internal pores of the aluminum foam are communicated, the aluminum foam can be divided into closed-pore aluminum foam and open-pore aluminum foam, wherein the open-pore aluminum foam takes metal aluminum or alloy thereof as a framework, and the framework is internally filled with mutually communicated pores.
In recent years, as researchers develop and explore open-cell foam aluminum preparation technologies, open-cell foam aluminum preparation methods are more and more, and common preparation methods include investment casting, seepage casting, additive manufacturing, powder metallurgy and the like. CN111850338A discloses a method for preparing a pore-forming agent, a preform and an open-cell foam metal, which comprises the steps of preparing the pore-forming agent by a granulator and preparing open-cell foam aluminum by a seepage method, wherein the method is used for preparing the pore-forming agent, has complex process, uses more raw materials and has higher production cost; CN114054722a discloses a method for preparing an open-cell foam aluminum-zinc alloy by a seepage method, firstly, an aluminum alloy pipe and NaCl pore-forming agent particles are formed into a prefabricated composite body in a seepage mould, then, zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt is poured into the preheated seepage mould, and the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt is made to seep into the pores of the NaCl pore-forming agent particles under the pressure of air filled, and the NaCl pore-forming agent particles are completely dissolved in water to obtain the open-cell foam aluminum, and the method has great influence on the stacking density of the pore-forming agent, and the stacking density of the pore-forming agent is overlarge, so that the aluminum liquid is not easy to infiltrate; the stacking density is too small, and pore-forming agent particles are not contacted with each other, so that the pore-forming agent particles are not removed cleanly in the hydrolysis process, the obtained open-cell foam aluminum has poorer open-cell degree, and the residual pore-forming agent can also cause corrosion problems during use; CN116329551a discloses a method for preparing ultrathin open-cell aluminum foam, which comprises mixing aluminum foam with a foaming agent, pressing into blocks, hot-pressing and sintering, and finally hot-rolling and anodizing to obtain ultrathin open-cell aluminum foam. In the process of preparing the open-cell foam aluminum by using the powder metallurgy method, the pore diameter shape and the porosity of the open-cell foam aluminum can be controlled by adjusting the size, the shape and the volume fraction of the pore-forming agent particles, compared with other methods, the advantages are outstanding, but the preparation research on the open-cell foam aluminum by using the powder metallurgy method is less nowadays due to the reasons that the pore-forming agent particles are unevenly mixed with aluminum powder, the aluminum powder is unstable and relatively active and is easy to oxidize and the like, particularly the research on the powder mixing process is related, and the aluminum powder and the pore-forming agent particles can be uniformly mixed by the proper powder mixing process so as to ensure that the pore-forming agent particles can be thoroughly removed in the subsequent dissolution process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of open-cell aluminum foam, aiming at the problems existing in the process of preparing the open-cell aluminum foam by utilizing the powder metallurgy technology in the prior art. According to the method, the ball milling tank is vacuumized, the ball milling tank is operated in a positive and reverse rotation alternating mode, a certain time interval is reserved between the positive and reverse rotation alternating operation, and the like, so that the pore-forming agent particles and the aluminum powder are uniformly mixed, the pore-forming agent particles are easier to thoroughly remove, and the problem that the residual pore-forming agent corrodes the open-cell foam aluminum during the service period of the open-cell foam aluminum so as to influence the service performance of the open-cell foam aluminum is avoided. The invention does not need a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace for preparation, reduces the equipment requirement, has simple and convenient equipment operation and low cost, avoids the oxidization of aluminum powder in the ball milling process, further improves the sintering quality and is beneficial to realizing the low-cost production of the open-cell foamed aluminum.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method of preparing an open cell aluminum foam, the method comprising the steps of:
firstly, respectively placing the weighed aluminum powder and pore-forming agent particles in a drying vessel, and drying the drying vessel in a vacuum drying oven at 60-80 ℃ for 1-2 h;
the volume of the pore-forming agent is 50-80% of the sum of the volumes of the aluminum powder and the pore-forming agent;
secondly, mixing the dried aluminum powder with a pore-forming agent, and then placing the mixture into a ball milling tank, wherein the ball milling tank is sealed and has a vacuum degree of 10 -2 ～10 -3 The ball milling time under Pa is 3-5 h, and after the running mode is set, a motor is started for ball milling;
wherein the diameter of the grinding ball is 4-8 mm; the ball-material ratio is 3:1; in the ball milling process, the forward and reverse rotation operation is carried out at intervals of 5-15 min, and the interval time of the alternate operation is set to be 5-15 min;
thirdly, separating the raw materials from the grinding balls by using a sieve with 100-300 meshes after ball milling is finished to obtain mixed powder of aluminum powder and pore-forming agent particles, and placing the mixed powder into a vacuum bag for sealing for later use;
pouring the mixed powder of aluminum powder and pore-forming agent particles into a steel mold, uniformly oscillating, then placing the steel mold on a pressure testing machine, wherein the axial pressure is 300-400 MPa, the dwell time is 3-5 min, and demoulding to obtain a preform;
fifthly, placing the preform into a vacuum sintering furnace, closing a furnace door, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 10 -2 ～10 -3 Pa, heating to 600-650 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-3 h, and then cooling to room temperature along with a furnace to obtain a precursor;
and sixthly, putting the precursor into an aqueous solution, putting the aqueous solution into an ultrasonic cleaner, setting the heating temperature to 40 ℃ for 1-2 h, taking out a sample after cleaning, and putting the sample into a vacuum drying oven to dry for 1-2 h at 60-80 ℃ to obtain the required open-cell foamed aluminum.
The pore-forming agent is one or more of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, urea or sucrose, the particle size range is 1-2 mm, and the shape is spherical, cubic or irregular.
The grain diameter of the aluminum powder is 100-300 mu m, and the aluminum powder is stored in a closed container in vacuum.
In the second step, the ball milling rotating speed is 250-300 r/min.
In the fifth step, the open-cell foam aluminum mould is a sleeve with an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head and a gasket matched with the inner diameter of the sleeve, and is used for compacting powder and facilitating the taking out of a sample after compacting.
In the above-described method for producing an open-cell aluminum foam, the raw materials used are all commercially available.
The invention has the substantial characteristics that:
(1) The process of pressurizing by an axial press and then vacuum sintering is adopted, a vacuum hot pressing furnace is not needed for sintering, the requirement of equipment for preparing foamed aluminum by a powder metallurgy method is reduced, and the equipment is simple to operate and low in cost; (2) The method has the advantages that the method adopts a positive and reverse rotation alternate mode to operate in the ball milling process, and a certain time interval exists between the positive and reverse rotation alternate operation, so that the tank body is fully cooled, the cooling time is too short or not cooled, the temperature of the ball milling tank is higher, powder can be agglomerated in the ball milling process, and the aluminum powder and pore-forming agent particles can be mixed unevenly; too long cooling time can affect the ball milling efficiency. The cooling time in the scheme can ensure that the aluminum powder and the pore-forming agent are uniformly mixed, so that pore-forming agent particles are easier to remove thoroughly in the subsequent hydrolysis process, and the opening degree and the uniformity of pores of the prepared open-cell foamed aluminum are ensured.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention can be based on the density (ρ) of the pore-forming agent particles s ) Density with aluminum powder (2.7 g/cm) 3 ) To adjust the corresponding mass ratio to control the porosity (P) of the open-cell aluminum foam according to(wherein m 1 M is the mass of the pore-forming agent 2 The quality of aluminum powder) can realize the quantitative regulation and control of the porosity of the foamed aluminum, and can obtainThe porous foamed aluminum with any porosity is required, and the porous foamed aluminum with different pore patterns can be prepared by selecting pore-forming agent particles with different shapes according to the requirements;
(2) According to the invention, the pore-forming agent particles and the aluminum powder are mixed by a ball milling process, so that the mixed pore-forming agent particles and aluminum powder can be uniformly distributed, the pore-forming agent particles in the preformed body after briquetting and sintering can be thoroughly dissolved and removed, and the holes of the foamed aluminum can be mutually communicated;
(3) According to the invention, each time the ball milling process is operated for a period of time, the time for cooling the ball milling tank is stopped for a period of time, on one hand, the phenomenon that the aluminum powder and pore-forming agent particles are clustered in the ball milling process due to overhigh temperature caused by friction between the steel balls and the tank wall in the ball milling process is prevented, the uniformity of powder dispersion is promoted, and the pore-forming agent particles can be thoroughly dissolved and removed in the subsequent dissolving process; on the other hand, the temperature of the tank body in the ball milling process is cooled in time, so that the stability of aluminum powder in the ball milling process is ensured, and the safety in the preparation process is improved;
(4) According to the invention, a vacuum ball milling mode is utilized, so that active aluminum powder is prevented from being oxidized into aluminum oxide in the ball milling process, the sintering quality of the precursor of the open-cell foam aluminum is improved, the aluminum powder in the precursor after sintering is more compact, the open-cell foam aluminum matrix is not scattered by ultrasonic waves in the subsequent ultrasonic cleaning process, and the forming effect is better;
(5) According to the invention, the self-made steel mold is used in the molding process, open-cell foam aluminum with different thickness can be prepared according to the requirement, secondary processing is not needed, a layer of graphite powder is coated on the inner wall as a lubricant, the friction force between a sample and the mold in the demolding process is reduced, the falling off of corners of a foam aluminum preform in the demolding process is prevented, the molded open-cell foam aluminum completely reproduces the shape of the mold, the axial pressurization is carried out by using a pressure testing machine, the vacuum furnace sintering is adopted after the pressurization molding, the molding process and the sintering process are separated, the vacuum hot-press sintering furnace is not needed for preparation, the equipment requirement is reduced, the equipment operation is simple and convenient, the cost is low, and the low-cost production of the open-cell foam aluminum is facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1: the invention adopts a schematic diagram of a compression molding die.
Fig. 2: open cell foam aluminum object diagram prepared in example 1.
Fig. 3: microscopic image of the open-cell foam aluminum obtained in example 1.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is provided in connection with specific examples, and it should be noted that the following examples are merely illustrative of the preparation method of the invention, and are not meant to limit the scope of protection.
Example 1
Firstly, preparing raw materials: in this example, analytically pure cubic sodium chloride particles were used as the pore-forming agent, with a purity of 99.5% and a density of 2.165g/cm 3 Analytical grade aluminum powder is selected, the purity is 97%, and the density is 2.70g/cm 3 。
And secondly, preparing foamed aluminum with 60% of porosity, namely, 60% of NaCl particles accounting for the total volume of the aluminum powder and the sodium chloride particles, wherein the mass of the NaCl particles is calculated to be 12.24g, and the mass of the aluminum powder is calculated to be 10.18g.
Wherein the relation between the pore-forming agent and the aluminum powder mass ratio is that the pore-forming agent and the aluminum powder density (2.7 g/cm) 3 ) Density with pore-forming agent (ρ) s ) According toCalculating the mass (m) 1 ) Mass (m) of aluminum powder 2 )。
Thirdly, respectively placing the weighed NaCl particles and the aluminum powder into a drying vessel, and drying the drying vessel in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 1 hour for later use.
Fourthly, equally dividing the aluminum powder and NaCl dried in the third step into two parts according to mass, respectively putting the two parts into two ball milling tanks, and simultaneously, according to 3:1 are respectively put into correspondingGrinding ball with mass diameter of phi 6mm, connecting vacuum pump into ball milling tank, and vacuumizing to vacuum degree of 10 -3 Pa, closing an air suction channel on the ball milling tank after vacuumizing; and then placing the two ball milling tanks into a planetary ball mill, closing a cover cap, setting an operation mode, setting the ball milling rotating speed to 300r/min, the ball milling time to 3h, alternately operating in forward and reverse directions every 15min, setting the interval time of alternate operation to 15min, and starting a motor to perform ball milling after the operation mode is set.
And fifthly, separating the raw materials obtained in the fourth step from grinding balls by using a 100-mesh screen after ball milling is finished to obtain mixed powder of aluminum powder and NaCl particles, and placing the mixed powder into a vacuum bag for sealing for standby.
And sixthly, coating a layer of graphite powder on the inner surface of the designed steel mold, pouring the mixed powder of the aluminum powder and the pore-forming agent particles in the fifth step into the steel mold, uniformly oscillating, then placing the steel mold on a pressure testing machine, applying axial pressure to 565kN at a speed of 0.1kN/s, maintaining the pressure for 3 minutes, and demolding to obtain a preform with a certain shape.
Seventh, placing the prefabricated blank obtained in the sixth step into a vacuum sintering furnace, closing a furnace door, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 10 -3 Pa, heating to 630 ℃ at a heating rate of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature along with a furnace to obtain a precursor.
And eighth, placing the precursor obtained in the seventh step into a beaker filled with 100ml of aqueous solution, placing the beaker into an ultrasonic cleaner, setting the heating temperature to 40 ℃ for 2 hours, taking out a sample after cleaning, and placing the sample into a vacuum drying oven for drying at 60 ℃ for 1 hour to obtain the required open-cell foam aluminum.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a die used for press molding in the present embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of the open-cell aluminum foam obtained in this example, and it can be seen from the photograph that the pore size of the prepared open-cell aluminum foam is very fine and uniformly distributed, and no residual NaCl particles are present, so that the pore-forming agent particles are sufficiently dissolved.
FIG. 3 is a micrograph of the open cell aluminum foam obtained in this example, which shows that the cells are interconnected, the cell opening is high, and the cells are consistent with the shape of the NaCl particles used.
Example 2
Firstly, preparing raw materials: in this example, analytically pure cubic sodium chloride particles were used as the pore-forming agent, with a purity of 99.5% and a density of 2.165g/cm 3 Analytical grade aluminum powder is selected, the purity is 97%, and the density is 2.70g/cm 3 。
And secondly, preparing foamed aluminum with the porosity of 70%, namely, the volume fraction of NaCl particles of 70%, wherein the mass of the required NaCl particles is 14.28g and the mass of aluminum powder is 7.63g.
Thirdly, respectively placing the weighed NaCl particles and the aluminum powder into a drying vessel, and drying the drying vessel in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 1 hour for later use.
Fourthly, equally dividing the aluminum powder and NaCl dried in the third step into two parts according to mass, respectively putting the two parts into two ball milling tanks, and simultaneously, according to 3:1 ball-material ratio, respectively placing grinding balls with the corresponding mass diameter of phi 6mm, introducing a vacuum pump into a ball milling tank, and vacuumizing to a vacuum degree of 10 -3 Pa, closing an air suction channel on the ball milling tank after vacuumizing; and then placing the two ball milling tanks into a planetary ball mill, closing a cover cap, setting an operation mode, setting the ball milling rotating speed to 300r/min, the ball milling time to 4h, alternately operating forward and backward every 5min, setting the interval time of alternate operation to 15min, and starting a motor to perform ball milling after the operation mode is set.
And fifthly, separating the raw materials obtained in the fourth step from grinding balls by using a 100-mesh screen after ball milling is finished to obtain mixed powder of aluminum powder and NaCl particles, and placing the mixed powder into a vacuum bag for sealing for standby.
And sixthly, coating a layer of graphite powder on the inner surface of the designed steel mold, pouring the mixed powder of the aluminum powder and the pore-forming agent particles in the fifth step into the steel mold, uniformly oscillating, then placing the steel mold on a pressure testing machine, applying axial pressure to 565kN at a speed of 0.1kN/s, maintaining the pressure for 3 minutes, and demolding to obtain a preform with a certain shape.
Seventh step, handlePlacing the prefabricated blank obtained in the sixth step into a vacuum sintering furnace, closing the furnace door, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 10 -3 Pa, heating to 640 ℃ at a heating rate of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature along with a furnace to obtain a precursor.
And eighth, placing the precursor obtained in the seventh step into a beaker filled with 200ml of aqueous solution, placing the beaker into an ultrasonic cleaner, setting the heating temperature to 40 ℃ for 1h, taking out a sample after cleaning, and placing the sample into a vacuum drying oven to dry for 1h at 60 ℃ to obtain the required open-cell aluminum foam.
Example 3
Firstly, preparing raw materials: in this example, analytically pure cubic sodium chloride particles were used as the pore-forming agent, with a purity of 99.5% and a density of 2.165g/cm 3 Analytical grade aluminum powder is selected, the purity is 97%, and the density is 2.70g/cm 3 。
And secondly, preparing foamed aluminum with the porosity of 80%, namely the volume fraction of NaCl particles of 80%, wherein the mass of the required NaCl particles is 16.33g and the mass of aluminum powder is 5.09g.
Thirdly, respectively placing the weighed NaCl particles and the aluminum powder into a drying vessel, and drying the drying vessel in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 1 hour for later use.
Fourthly, equally dividing the aluminum powder and NaCl dried in the third step into two parts according to mass, respectively putting the two parts into two ball milling tanks, and simultaneously, according to 3:1 ball-material ratio, respectively placing grinding balls with the corresponding mass diameter of phi 6mm, introducing a vacuum pump into a ball milling tank, and vacuumizing to a vacuum degree of 10 -3 Pa, closing an air suction channel on the ball milling tank after vacuumizing; and then placing the two ball milling tanks into a planetary ball mill, closing a cover cap, setting an operation mode, setting the ball milling rotating speed to be 250r/min, the ball milling time to be 5h, alternately operating in forward and reverse directions every 10min, setting the interval time of alternate operation to be 15min, and starting a motor to perform ball milling after the operation mode is set.
And fifthly, separating the raw materials obtained in the fourth step from grinding balls by using a 100-mesh screen after ball milling is finished to obtain mixed powder of aluminum powder and NaCl particles, and placing the mixed powder into a vacuum bag for sealing for standby.
And sixthly, coating a layer of graphite powder on the inner surface of the designed steel mold, pouring the mixed powder of the aluminum powder and the pore-forming agent particles in the fifth step into the steel mold, uniformly oscillating, then placing the steel mold on a pressure testing machine, applying axial pressure to 565kN at a speed of 0.1kN/s, maintaining the pressure for 3 minutes, and demolding to obtain a preform with a certain shape.
Seventh, placing the prefabricated blank obtained in the sixth step into a vacuum sintering furnace, closing a furnace door, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 10 -3 Pa, heating to 650 ℃ at a heating rate of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature along with a furnace to obtain a precursor.
And eighth, placing the precursor obtained in the seventh step into a beaker filled with 300ml of aqueous solution, placing the beaker into an ultrasonic cleaner, setting the heating temperature to 40 ℃ for 1h, taking out a sample after cleaning, and placing the sample into a vacuum drying oven to dry for 1h at 60 ℃ to obtain the required open-cell foam aluminum.
According to the embodiment, the mass fraction of the pore-forming agent and the aluminum powder is adjusted to prepare the open-cell foam aluminum with different porosities, so that the quantitative regulation and control of the porosities of the open-cell foam aluminum are realized; as can be seen from the physical diagram of the open-cell foamed aluminum, the sintered aluminum powder is tightly combined, pore-forming agent particles are completely dissolved, the pore distribution is uniform, no agglomeration occurs, and the aluminum powder and pore-forming agent particles after ball milling are uniformly distributed, so that the forming effect is good; from the microscopic view, the shape of the holes completely reproduces the shape of the pore-forming agent particles, and the interconnected channels exist among the holes, so that the connectivity among the holes of the open-cell foam aluminum is ensured.
The invention is not a matter of the known technology.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing open-cell aluminum foam, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, respectively placing the weighed aluminum powder and pore-forming agent particles in a drying vessel, and drying the drying vessel in a vacuum drying oven at 60-80 ℃ for 1-2 h;
the volume of the pore-forming agent is 50-80% of the sum of the volumes of the aluminum powder and the pore-forming agent; the pore-forming agent is one or more of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, urea or sucrose;
secondly, mixing the aluminum powder dried in the third step with a pore-forming agent, and then placing the mixture into a ball milling tank, wherein the ball milling tank is sealed and has a vacuum degree of 10 -2 ～10 -3 Ball milling is carried out for 3-5 hours under Pa, and a motor is started for ball milling after the operation mode is set;
wherein the diameter of the grinding ball is 4-8 mm; the ball-material ratio is 3:1; in the ball milling process, the forward and reverse rotation operation is carried out at intervals of 5-15 min, and the interval time of the alternate operation is set to be 5-15 min;
thirdly, separating the raw materials from the grinding balls by using a sieve with 100-300 meshes after ball milling is finished to obtain mixed powder of aluminum powder and pore-forming agent particles, and placing the mixed powder into a vacuum bag for sealing for later use;
pouring the mixed powder of the aluminum powder and the pore-forming agent particles in the fifth step into a steel mold, uniformly oscillating, then placing the steel mold on a pressure testing machine, maintaining the axial pressure at 300-400 MPa for 3-5 min, and demolding to obtain a preform;
fifthly, placing the preform into a vacuum sintering furnace, closing a furnace door, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 10 -2 ～10 -3 Pa, heating to 600-650 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-3 h, and then cooling to room temperature along with a furnace to obtain a precursor;
and sixthly, putting the precursor into an aqueous solution, putting the aqueous solution into an ultrasonic cleaner, setting the heating temperature to 40 ℃ for 1-2 h, taking out a sample after cleaning, and putting the sample into a vacuum drying oven to dry for 1-2 h at 60-80 ℃ to obtain the required open-cell foamed aluminum.
2. The method for preparing the open-cell aluminum foam according to claim 1, wherein the pore-forming agent has a particle size ranging from 1 to 2mm and is selected from spherical, cubic or irregular shapes.
3. The method for producing an open-cell aluminum foam according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum powder has a particle diameter of 100 to 300. Mu.m, and is stored in a closed container under vacuum.
4. The method for preparing open-cell aluminum foam according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the ball milling speed is 250-300 r/min.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311255222.3A CN117259752A (en) | 2023-09-27 | 2023-09-27 | Preparation method of open-cell foam aluminum |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311255222.3A CN117259752A (en) | 2023-09-27 | 2023-09-27 | Preparation method of open-cell foam aluminum |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117259752A true CN117259752A (en) | 2023-12-22 |
Family
ID=89213955
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311255222.3A Pending CN117259752A (en) | 2023-09-27 | 2023-09-27 | Preparation method of open-cell foam aluminum |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117259752A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-09-27 CN CN202311255222.3A patent/CN117259752A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5151246A (en) | Methods for manufacturing foamable metal bodies | |
| CN108486400B (en) | Metal-based hollow sphere composite foam material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN1101478C (en) | Process for preparing foam metal | |
| EP1755809B1 (en) | Method of production of porous metallic materials | |
| US5972285A (en) | Foamable metal articles | |
| CN104550972B (en) | Preparation method of special-shaped aluminum foam irregular parts | |
| WO2019223022A1 (en) | Method for manufacturing large industrial-sized aluminum composite panels | |
| CN104046826B (en) | A kind of foam magnesium sill and preparation method thereof | |
| EP1392875A1 (en) | Method for producing metal/metal foam composite elements | |
| EP1356131B1 (en) | Method for the production of metallic foam and metal bodies produced according to said method | |
| US6403023B1 (en) | Method for making porous metals | |
| CN105903969B (en) | A kind of porous copper material and preparation method thereof with oriented laminated hole | |
| CN106363174B (en) | A kind of preparation method of the thin-wall special-shaped part of foamed aluminium | |
| CN101182607A (en) | Near-net-shape preparation method of Foamed aluminium component | |
| JP2004520483A (en) | Method for producing metal foam or metal composite with improved shock, heat and sound absorption properties | |
| CN110052594B (en) | Foam metal preparation method and foam metal preparation device | |
| CN111235419B (en) | Porous preform and method for producing same, and foam metal and method for producing same | |
| CN107321981A (en) | A kind of method that powder metallurgic method prepares closed-cell foam copper-based material | |
| CN117259752A (en) | Preparation method of open-cell foam aluminum | |
| CN114012070A (en) | Preparation method of hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material and composite material | |
| CN208680491U (en) | A kind of low pressure casting die of automobile cylinder cover | |
| CN113774248B (en) | Equipment and method for producing layered density foamed aluminum | |
| CN112893809B (en) | Metal ceramic wear-resistant part and preparation method thereof | |
| CA3077575A1 (en) | Method for foaming metal in a liquid bath | |
| CN210231491U (en) | Foam metal preparation device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |