CN114012070A - Preparation method of hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material and composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material and composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114012070A CN114012070A CN202111267042.8A CN202111267042A CN114012070A CN 114012070 A CN114012070 A CN 114012070A CN 202111267042 A CN202111267042 A CN 202111267042A CN 114012070 A CN114012070 A CN 114012070A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 12
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/04—Casting by dipping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite, which comprises the steps of designing a mould according to the structure of a product, integrating a pressure casting module with a mould cavity, sealing the mould cavity by utilizing a movable mould bottom, forming an air outlet hole on the movable mould bottom, sealing by using a filter screen or air permeable steel, uniformly mixing a hollow ceramic ball and metal powder of the same material as a metal matrix material, filling the mixture into the mould cavity, placing a massive metal matrix material in a die-casting cavity, and sealing the massive metal matrix material by using a steel tablet. The whole casting mould system is placed in a furnace for heating, a block metal matrix material is melted, then the casting mould system is placed on a press machine, metal liquid is pressed into a gap of a hollow ceramic ball/metal powder mixture through a pressure head, after the metal liquid is solidified, the mould bottom is removed, and the composite material is taken out. The composite material has controllable porosity, realizes the customizability of mechanical property, has uniform distribution of the hollow ceramic balls, and has the functions of light weight, high strength, sound insulation, shock absorption and good impact energy absorption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of foam metal materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material and the composite material.
Background
The ceramic reinforced metal matrix composite combines the characteristics of high plasticity, high toughness and easy processing of metal materials and the characteristics of high strength, high hardness and high wear resistance of ceramic materials, and is the research hotspot field of novel materials at home and abroad. The hollow ceramic ball is added into the metal matrix, and the hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material can be manufactured.
Compared with the traditional ceramic powder reinforced metal-based composite material, the hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal-based composite material has the advantages of lower density, higher impact energy absorption efficiency, better sound insulation, shock absorption and other properties. The anti-collision device can be applied to the fields of tank protection plates, amphibious chariot armor plates, warship command cabin armor plates, blasting protection plates, airborne buffer platforms, train anti-collision structures, railway and highway sound insulation plates and the like.
At present, the preparation method of the ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material is mainly a casting method, and comprises methods such as negative pressure casting, stirring casting, high pressure seepage casting, extrusion casting and the like.
A production method of the hollow sphere metal composite foam material (CN 109513906A); and in the process, the preheated hollow spheres are filled into a mold with a cavity, the hollow spheres are tightly connected, molten metal is poured into the cavity, the whole cavity is pumped to have negative pressure, the melt is infiltrated into the gap between the hollow spheres, and the hollow sphere metal composite foam material is obtained after natural cooling. This method requires a sealed negative pressure, requires complicated equipment, is inefficient, and does not describe a method for controlling porosity.
A metal-based hollow sphere composite foam material and a preparation method thereof (CN 108486400A); the method comprises the steps of adding the hollow spheres into a metal melt, stirring, uniformly mixing the hollow spheres and the metal melt, and solidifying to prepare the metal-based hollow sphere composite foam material. The method has the following problems: when the hollow spheres with low density are added, the hollow spheres float on the liquid surface and are difficult to enter the liquid, and finally, the uniform distribution of the hollow spheres in the metal matrix cannot be realized.
A method for preparing a metal-based lightweight composite material (CN 104588617B); the technological process includes preheating the hollow ball inside a cavity mold, pouring molten metal from the upper part of the cavity, and exhausting gas from the lower part of the cavity to make the molten metal enter the ball gap. The problems with this method are consistent with the problems with the invention patent publication No. CN 109513906A.
A preparation method of the Al203 hollow sphere/aluminum porous composite material (CN 103614586B); the patent adopts the pressure of 20-40 MPa to enable aluminum liquid to seep into gaps of the alumina hollow spheres, so that the hollow sphere/aluminum porous composite material is prepared. In the method, the hollow ball needs to be prefabricated into a block, and the porosity cannot be controlled.
In conclusion, the existing ceramic ball metal matrix composite material preparation technology has the problems of complex equipment, low operation efficiency, complex process flow, incapability of accurately controlling the porosity of the composite material and the like. Therefore, a ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material which is suitable for industrial production, simple in process and low in equipment requirement and can accurately control the addition proportion (porosity) of the ceramic balls is urgently needed, and a technical support is provided for popularization and application of the hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the preparation method of the hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite is provided for solving the problems that the existing preparation technology of the ceramic ball metal matrix composite has complex equipment, low operation efficiency, complex process flow and can not accurately control the porosity of the composite.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing and manufacturing a casting die, setting a die cavity according to the size of a cast product, arranging a die-casting system above the die cavity, arranging an exhaust system on the die, sealing the bottom of the die cavity provided with a movable part, and arranging a vent hole in the center of the bottom of the die, wherein the vent hole is provided with a filtering permeable gas.
S2: preparing hollow ceramic balls and metal particles with the same size, and uniformly mixing the hollow ceramic balls and the metal particles, wherein the mixing equipment can be one of a ball mill and a rolling mixer;
s3: pouring the mixed powder in the step S2 into the die cavity, enabling the spheres to be closely arranged, placing a metal base material above the powder, and placing a tablet above the metal base material;
s4: placing the whole system in S3 in a furnace for heating, so that the metal matrix material is melted, and preheating a steel pressure head;
s5: the heating device in the S4 is integrally placed under a press machine, the preheated steel pressure head is placed in a die-casting cavity, the press machine is started, and the metal melt is pressed into the powder gap;
s6: and opening the mold after the molten metal is solidified, and taking out the prepared hollow ceramic reinforced metal matrix composite.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the metal particles used in S2 and the metal substrate material are the same material, wherein the ceramic balls have a particle size of 0.15-10mm, and the material may be at least one of alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron carbide, expanded glass, expanded rock, and fly ash.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the mixing ratio of the hollow ceramic balls and the metal powder in the S2 is determined according to the target porosity of the product, and the volume of the hollow ceramic balls and the metal powder can be any ratio; when no metal powder is added, the volume content of the hollow ceramic balls is about 60 percent of the whole composite material at most.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the metal base material in S3 may be at least one of aluminum, zinc, magnesium, an aluminum alloy, a zinc alloy, and a magnesium alloy.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the heating temperature in S4 is 500-800 ℃, and the preheating temperature of the steel pressure head is 200-300 ℃.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
and in S1, the filtered gas is a filter screen or gas permeable steel.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal-based composite material, which is prepared by the preparation method of any one of the hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal-based composite materials.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, the use of complex equipment is avoided by adopting the organic combination of high-pressure seepage and pressure casting and by ingenious process design; the automatic production device realizes the automation of the linkage of the heating device and the hydraulic machine and has the advantages of low investment cost, simple process flow and low production cost.
2. In the invention, the porosity (the addition amount of the ceramic balls) can be accurately controlled by controlling the proportion of the hollow ceramic and the metal particles.
3. According to the invention, the density and the mechanical property of the composite material can be accurately controlled.
4. In the invention, the interface combination of the ceramic ball and the metal matrix is tighter under the high-pressure state; in the process of the high-pressure seepage process, the metal melt is filled quickly, and the interface reaction is effectively avoided.
5. In the invention, the ceramic balls in the prepared composite material are distributed extremely uniformly, and the anisotropy of the material is effectively reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the microstructure of a hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite prepared according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for preparing a porosity-controlled hollow ceramic reinforced metal matrix composite according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph of a hollow ceramic sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in accordance with the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. hollow ceramic balls; 2. metal particles; 3. a molten metal; 4. a steel pressure head; 5. a mold; 6. a mold cavity; 7. tabletting; 8. a metal base material; 9. a mold bottom; 10. the gas is filtered through.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "inner", and the like refer to orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally arranged when the products of the present invention are used, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution: a preparation method of a hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing and manufacturing a casting die 5, arranging a die cavity 6 according to the size of a product to be cast, arranging a die-casting system above the die cavity 6, arranging an exhaust system on the die 5, arranging a movable part die bottom 9 (movable die) at the bottom of the die cavity 6 for sealing, arranging an air outlet at the center of the die bottom 9 (movable die), and placing a filtering permeable gas 10 at the air outlet.
S2: preparing hollow ceramic balls 1 and metal particles 2 with the same size, and uniformly mixing the hollow ceramic balls 1 and the metal particles 2, wherein the mixing equipment can be one of a ball mill and a rolling mixer;
s3: pouring the mixed powder in the step S2 into a die cavity 6 to enable the spheres to be closely arranged, placing the filtered gas 10 at the gas outlet, placing the metal base material 8 above the powder, and placing a tablet 7 above the metal base material 8;
s4: placing the whole system in S3 in a furnace for heating to melt the metal matrix material 8 and preheat the steel pressure head 4;
s5: the heating device in the S4 is integrally placed under a press machine, the preheated steel pressure head 4 is placed in a die-casting cavity, and the press machine is started to press the metal melt into the powder gap;
s6: and opening the mold 5 after the molten metal 3 is solidified, and taking out the prepared hollow ceramic reinforced metal matrix composite.
Wherein the setting of the exhaust system of the mold 5 in S1 is designed according to the design criteria in ordinary casting; the die 5 used in the S1 is a steel die 5 and can be manufactured in a numerical control machining mode, and the die-casting system part is a cylindrical inner cavity; the material of the pressing sheet 7 is steel, and the diameter of the pressing sheet is 0.2mm smaller than that of the die-casting cavity in S5.
Wherein the metal particles 2 used in S2 and the metal substrate material are the same material, the particle diameter of the hollow ceramic ball 1 is 0.15-10mm, and the material can be at least one of alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron carbide, expanded glass, expanded rock and fly ash.
S2, the mixing ratio of the hollow ceramic ball 1 and the metal powder is determined according to the target porosity of the product, and the volume of the hollow ceramic ball 1 and the metal powder can be any ratio; when no metal powder is added, the volume content of the hollow ceramic ball 1 is about 60 percent of the whole composite material at most.
The metal base material 8 in S3 may be at least one of aluminum, zinc, magnesium, an aluminum alloy, a zinc alloy, and a magnesium alloy.
The heating temperature in S4 is 500-800 ℃, and the preheating temperature of the steel pressure head 4 is 200-300 ℃.
In S1, the gas 1010 filtered is made of filter screen or permeable steel.
In S5, the pressure is 5-50MPa according to the difference of the particle size and the porosity of the ceramic balls.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution: a preparation method of a hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the die 5 is designed according to the structure and the size of a part, the die casting module and the die cavity 6 are designed into a whole, the bottom of the die cavity 6 is sealed by a movable part die bottom 9 (a movable die), and the die bottom 9 (the movable die) is moved away only when the casting is finished, so that the product is convenient to demould;
the center of the die bottom 9 (moving die) is provided with an air outlet, and a filter screen or air permeable steel is placed at the air outlet to prevent ceramic ball particles from overflowing;
processing a pressing sheet 7 with the thickness of 5mm, wherein the diameter of the pressing sheet is 0.1mm smaller than that of the die-casting cavity;
and processing a pressure head with the height equivalent to that of the die-casting cavity, wherein the diameter of the pressure head is 1mm smaller than that of the die-casting cavity.
S2: preparing alumina hollow ceramic balls 1 with the average grain diameter of 1mm and aluminum powder with the average grain diameter of 1 mm; weighing alumina ceramic balls and aluminum powder according to a volume ratio of 4: 1, pouring the two powders into a rolling mixer, adding 1% of absolute ethyl alcohol as a binder to prevent delamination, mixing for 30 minutes, preparing a cylindrical aluminum raw material, wherein the diameter of the cylindrical aluminum raw material is 2mm smaller than that of a die casting cavity, and the height of the cylindrical aluminum raw material is calculated according to the total volume of a product, so that the volume of the aluminum is 40% of the volume of the product in principle.
S3: spraying graphite paint inside the die 5 and drying, fixing the die bottom and the main body of the die 5 into a whole, pouring the mixed ceramic ball material into the die 5 to fill the die cavity, and vibrating the die 5 to enable the ceramic ball mixture to be closely arranged. And placing the processed aluminum cylinder in a die-casting cavity, wherein the bottom of the aluminum cylinder is in contact with the ceramic ball mixture. A tablet 7 is placed over the aluminum cylinder.
S4: and (3) putting the casting mold filled with the raw materials into a furnace for heating at 720 ℃ for 50 minutes. The head was preheated in a separate furnace at a temperature of 300 ℃.
S5: and transferring the heated casting mold to a press machine table from a furnace, and taking out the preheated pressure head and putting the preheated pressure head into a casting cavity.
S6, starting the press; and pressing molten aluminum into the gaps of the ceramic ball mixed powder, wherein the pressing process lasts for 3-5 seconds, and the pressing speed is kept stable in the process.
S7: and after the composite material is completely solidified and molded, opening the mold 5 and the mold bottom part, and ejecting a cast product out of a mold cavity 6 to obtain the ceramic hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based composite material with the porosity of about 48 percent.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution: a preparation method of a hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the die 5 is designed according to the structure and the size of a part, the die casting module and the die cavity 6 are designed into a whole, the bottom of the die cavity 6 is sealed by a movable part die bottom 9 (a movable die), and the die bottom 9 (the movable die) is moved away only after casting is finished, so that the product is convenient to demould. The center of the die bottom 9 (moving die) is provided with an air outlet, and a filter screen or air permeable steel is placed at the air outlet to prevent ceramic ball particles from overflowing; processing a pressing sheet 7 with the thickness of 6mm, wherein the diameter of the pressing sheet is 0.2mm smaller than that of the die-casting cavity so as to ensure close contact; and processing a pressure head with the height equivalent to that of the die-casting cavity, wherein the diameter of the pressure head is 2mm smaller than that of the die-casting cavity.
S2: silicon carbide hollow ceramic balls 1 having an average particle diameter of 0.7mm and aluminum powder having an average particle diameter of 0.7mm were prepared. Weighing silicon carbide ceramic balls and aluminum powder according to a volume ratio of 9: 1, pouring the two powders into a rolling mixer, adding 1% of glycerol as a binder to prevent delamination, mixing for 40 minutes, preparing a cylindrical aluminum raw material, wherein the diameter of the cylindrical aluminum raw material is 2mm smaller than that of a die casting cavity, and the height of the cylindrical aluminum raw material is calculated according to the total volume of a product, so that the volume of the aluminum is 40% of the volume of the product in principle.
S3: spraying graphite paint inside the die 5 and drying, fixing the die bottom and the main body of the die 5 into a whole, pouring the mixed ceramic ball material into the die 5 to fill the die cavity, and vibrating the die 5 to enable the ceramic ball mixture to be closely arranged. And placing the processed aluminum cylinder in a die-casting cavity, wherein the bottom of the aluminum cylinder is in contact with the ceramic ball mixture. A tablet 7 is placed over the aluminum cylinder.
S4: and (3) putting the casting mold filled with the raw materials into a furnace for heating at 730 ℃ for 50 minutes. The head was preheated in a separate furnace at a preheat temperature of 250 ℃.
S5: and transferring the heated casting mold to a press machine table from a furnace, and taking out the preheated pressure head and putting the preheated pressure head into a casting cavity.
S6: the press is started. And pressing molten aluminum into the gaps of the ceramic ball mixed powder, wherein the pressing process lasts for 3-5 seconds, and the pressing speed is kept stable in the process.
S7: and after the composite material is completely solidified and molded, opening the bottom part of the mold 5, and ejecting the cast product out of the cavity of the mold 5 to obtain the ceramic hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based composite material with the porosity of about 54%.
Example four
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution: a preparation method of a hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the die 5 is designed according to the structure and the size of a part, the die casting module and the die cavity 6 are designed into a whole, the bottom of the die cavity 6 is sealed by a movable part die bottom 9 (a movable die), and the die bottom 9 (the movable die) is moved away only when the casting is finished, so that the product is convenient to demould; the center of the die bottom 9 (moving die) is provided with an air outlet, and a filter screen or air permeable steel is placed at the air outlet to prevent ceramic ball particles from overflowing. Other parts of the mold 5 are provided with additional or fewer vent holes depending on the product structure. A pressing sheet 7 with a thickness of 5-10mm is processed, and the diameter of the pressing sheet is 0.1mm smaller than that of the die-casting cavity so as to ensure close contact. And processing a pressure head with the height equivalent to that of the die-casting cavity, wherein the diameter of the pressure head is 0.5mm smaller than that of the die-casting cavity.
S2: porous fly ash having an average particle size of 0.5mm and magnesium powder having an average particle size of 0.5mm were prepared. Mixing porous fly ash and magnesium powder according to the weight ratio of 7: 3, pouring the two powders into a rolling mixer, adding 1 percent of absolute ethyl alcohol as a binder to prevent delamination, and mixing for 30 minutes. Preparing a cylindrical magnesium raw material, wherein the diameter of the cylindrical magnesium raw material is 2mm smaller than that of the die casting cavity, and the height of the cylindrical magnesium raw material is calculated according to the total volume of the product, so that the volume of aluminum is guaranteed to be 40% of the volume of the product in principle.
S3: spraying graphite paint inside the mold 5 and drying, fixing the mold bottom and the main body of the mold 5 into a whole, pouring the mixed fly ash material into the mold 5 to fill the cavity, and vibrating the mold 5 to enable the fly ash mixture to be closely arranged. And (3) placing the processed magnesium cylinder in a die-casting cavity, and contacting the bottom of the magnesium cylinder with the ceramic ball mixture. A tablet 7 is placed over the aluminum cylinder.
S4: and (3) putting the casting mold filled with the raw materials into a furnace for heating at 750 ℃ for 50 minutes. The head was preheated in a separate furnace at a temperature of 300 ℃.
S5: and transferring the heated casting mold to a press machine table from a furnace, and taking out the preheated pressure head and putting the preheated pressure head into a casting cavity.
S6: the press is started. And (3) pressing the molten magnesium liquid into the gap of the fly ash mixed powder, wherein the pressing process lasts for 3-5 seconds, and the pressing speed is kept stable in the process.
S7: and after the composite material is completely solidified and molded, opening the bottom part of the mold 5, and ejecting the cast product out of the cavity of the mold 5 to obtain the ceramic hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based composite material with the porosity of about 42%.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal-based composite material prepared by the preparation method of the hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal-based composite material in any one of the embodiments.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing and manufacturing a casting die (5), setting a die cavity (6) according to the size of a required cast product, setting a die-casting system above the die cavity (6), arranging an exhaust system on the die (5), sealing a die bottom (9) of the movable part arranged at the bottom of the die cavity (6), arranging an air outlet at the center of the die bottom (9), and placing a filtering permeable gas (10) at the air outlet.
S2: preparing hollow ceramic balls (1) and metal particles (2) with the same size as the hollow ceramic balls, and uniformly mixing the hollow ceramic balls (1) and the metal particles (2), wherein the mixing equipment can be one of a ball mill and a tumbling type mixer;
s3: pouring the mixed powder in the S2 into the die cavity (6) to enable the spheres to be closely arranged, placing a metal base material (8) above the powder, and placing a tablet (7) above the metal base material (8);
s4: placing the whole system in S3 in a furnace for heating, so that the metal matrix material (8) is melted, and preheating the steel pressure head (4);
s5: the heating device in the S4 is integrally placed under a press machine, the preheated steel pressure head (4) is placed in a die-casting cavity, the press machine is started, and the metal melt is pressed into the powder gap;
s6: and opening the mold (5) after the molten metal (3) is solidified, and taking out the prepared hollow ceramic reinforced metal matrix composite.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal particles (2) and the metal substrate material (8) used in S2 are the same material, and the hollow ceramic balls (1) have a particle size of 0.15-10mm, and the material is at least one of alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron carbide, expanded glass, expanded rock, and fly ash.
3. The method for preparing a hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of the hollow ceramic ball (1) and the metal powder in S2 is determined according to the target porosity of the product, and the volume of the hollow ceramic ball (1) and the metal powder can be any ratio; when no metal powder is added, the volume content of the hollow ceramic balls (1) is about 60 percent of the whole composite material at most.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal matrix material (8) in S3 is at least one of Al, Zn, Mg, Al alloy, Zn alloy, and Mg alloy.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating temperature in S4 is 500-800 ℃, and the preheating temperature of the steel pressure head (4) is 200-300 ℃.
6. The method for preparing a hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the gas permeable filter (10) in S1 is a filter screen or a gas permeable steel.
7. A hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite, characterized in that the hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite is prepared according to the method for preparing a hollow ceramic ball reinforced metal matrix composite of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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