WO2019223022A1 - Method for manufacturing large industrial-sized aluminum composite panels - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing large industrial-sized aluminum composite panels Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019223022A1
WO2019223022A1 PCT/CN2018/088964 CN2018088964W WO2019223022A1 WO 2019223022 A1 WO2019223022 A1 WO 2019223022A1 CN 2018088964 W CN2018088964 W CN 2018088964W WO 2019223022 A1 WO2019223022 A1 WO 2019223022A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
powder
aluminum alloy
core layer
tubular cavity
sandwich panel
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PCT/CN2018/088964
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
祖国胤
孙溪
黄鹏
李志刚
王兆可
方冬雨
曾前进
韩楠丁
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东北大学
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Application filed by 东北大学 filed Critical 东北大学
Priority to RU2020134153A priority Critical patent/RU2751197C1/en
Publication of WO2019223022A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019223022A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
    • B22F3/1125—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers involving a foaming process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
    • B22F3/1134—Inorganic fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
    • B22F7/004—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature comprising at least one non-porous part
    • B22F7/006—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature comprising at least one non-porous part the porous part being obtained by foaming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
    • B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the preparation of a layered composite material, in particular to a method for preparing a large-sized foamed aluminum sandwich panel for industrial use.
  • foamed aluminum sandwich panel has many unique physical properties compared to traditional metal materials, such as light weight, high specific stiffness and specific strength, better energy absorption, sound insulation and electromagnetic Shielding, etc .;
  • This material is specially designed and assembled, which can be used as a material that integrates structure and functionality, whether it is lightweight design in the field of aerospace and transportation, or used in urban construction and engine partitions.
  • Similar sound-absorbing structures, as well as the use of their energy-absorbing properties in vehicle crash beams and armored vehicle chassis, have high application value and development prospects; in recent years, foamed aluminum sandwich panel materials have received more and more Attaching importance to it, the exploration of its technology has been continuously deepened and developed.
  • the main composite forms of the core layer and the panel of the foam aluminum sandwich panel are adhesive bonding and metallurgical composite.
  • the method of bonding adopts the method of connecting the panel and the core layer through a resin glue. This method Although the operation is simple and economical, there are some obvious shortcomings, including low interface bonding strength, easy ageing and high temperature resistance, and toxicity when the adhesive layer is decomposed, which greatly limits its application fields; therefore, the panel and The core layer adopts a metallurgical combination, and has now become the main development direction.
  • the invention patent CN106735245A specifically discloses a method for preparing a foamed aluminum sandwich panel entirely by powder metallurgy, which is characterized in that the upper and lower panels also adopt a powder molding technical route, according to the arrangement of panel powder-core layer powder-panel powder The method is evenly tiled, and the preform is pressed by a press to form a preform, which is then heated and foamed to finally form a sandwich-like foam aluminum sandwich structure.
  • this method enables the metallurgical combination of the panel layer and the core layer powder, it is relatively difficult to operate Due to the limitations of equipment such as molds, it cannot be applied to the preparation of large-size sandwich panels, and it is difficult to guarantee the thickness, flatness and strength of the panel layer.
  • BanhartJ has disclosed in the document "Aluminium Foam Sandwich Panels: Manufacture, Metallurgy and Applications” a method of preparing a foamed aluminum sandwich panel with a size of 1m ⁇ 2m by powder metallurgy, which uses powder metallurgy; its technical route In order to fully mix the aluminum-based powder, foaming agent and some additives, and then pre-compact it into a compact core layer preform, then select a suitable panel material, and use a combination of cold rolling and hot rolling to make the panel and the core layer After achieving a certain degree of mechanical occlusion, it is placed in a foaming furnace.
  • the preform After the preform is heated to a temperature range of 670 to 705 ° C and held for a period of time, it is cooled to obtain a foamed aluminum sandwich composite material; the process of this method is relatively complicated. However, it has strong practicability and currently has a high guiding significance in the production of industrial foamed aluminum sandwich panels. However, due to technical confidentiality and other reasons, the preparation of large-scale interface metallurgical combined foamed aluminum sandwich panel products has not yet been achieved in China. Large-scale production.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a large-sized foamed aluminum sandwich panel for industrial use, which realizes stable foaming in a lower temperature environment and a slower heating rate.
  • the original mechanical properties of the panel are maintained, the foaming time is allowed to be fully extended, and the foaming process is smooth and slow, and the operation is convenient, and a flat aluminum foam sandwich panel having a flat shape and a uniform thickness is obtained.
  • the method of the present invention is performed according to the following steps:
  • the element composition of core layer mixed powder is as follows The mass percentage is 5 to 10% of Si; 1 to 8% of Mg, 1 to 6% of Cu, 0 to 2% of Zn, 0.5 to 2% of foaming agent, and the rest is Al; the foaming agent is titanium hydride powder;
  • the additive is SiC particles or carbon fibers; when the additive is SiC particles, the additive accounts for the total mass of the core layer mixed powder ⁇ 8%; when the additive is carbon fiber, the additive accounts for the total mass of the core layer mixed powder ⁇ 0.5%;
  • the tubular cavity is composed of an upper plate, a lower plate, and a connection between the two.
  • the upper plate and the lower plate are parallel to each other with a distance 20 to 30mm; the width of the tubular cavity is 40 to 1200mm, and the wall thickness is 2 to 8mm;
  • the inner surface of the tubular cavity is pre-treated. During the pre-treatment process, alkali washing is performed to remove oil stains, and then acid washing is used to remove impurities, and then water washing is used to remove the acid solution, and finally dried to remove water;
  • One end of the pre-treated tubular cavity is used as the front end, and the other end is used as the tail end; the front end is sealed by rivets or welding, and the vent hole is reserved when welding is sealed; the core layer mixed powder is filled from the tail end to the tubular type.
  • the powder is discharged with the airflow; then the tail end is flattened and then sealed by rivets or welding.
  • the exhaust holes are reserved during welding and sealing to make a preform; the front and tail ends of the preform are the front and tail ends of the tubular cavity. ;
  • the sintered slab is hot-rolled, the rolling temperature is 400-480 ° C, the final rolling temperature is 385-450 ° C, and the total reduction ratio is 40-70% to obtain a hot-rolled slab;
  • the hot-rolled slab is heat-treated at 400 to 500 ° C for a period of 1 to 5 hours, and then trimmed to remove the sealed parts around it to make a prefabricated slab;
  • the foaming treatment time is 15-60min, and then air-cooled to normal temperature to obtain a foamed aluminum sandwich panel.
  • the particle size of the aluminum powder / aluminum alloy powder, silicon powder, and magnesium powder is 100-400 mesh; the particle size of the copper powder, zinc-copper copper powder, and titanium hydride powder is 400-1000 mesh.
  • the particle size of the silicon carbide particles is 50-200 mesh.
  • the aforementioned carbon fiber has a diameter of ⁇ 100um and a length of ⁇ 3mm.
  • the titanium hydride powder is pre-oxidized at 420 to 520 ° C for 1 to 4 hours before use.
  • step 1 the mixing time when mixing is 1 to 4 hours.
  • the above-mentioned 3000 series aluminum alloy is selected from 3003 aluminum alloy, and the 6000 series aluminum alloy is selected from 6061 aluminum alloy or 6063 aluminum alloy.
  • the two sides are sealed in one of the following ways: 1. Bend the two sides of the upper plate and the lower plate separately, and the angle between the bent portion and the horizontal plane is 30 ° to 60 °. , Make the two side ends of the upper plate and the lower plate contact, and then weld to seal; 2. fold the two sides of the upper plate and the lower plate twice respectively to form a flat plate portion and V-shaped portions on both sides, Then, the V-shaped parts of the upper and lower plates are stacked together to form a seal; 3. A flexible metal plate is placed on each of the two sides of the upper and lower plates, and the two sides of the upper and lower plates are stacked. They are respectively welded to a flexible metal to form a seal; the flexible metal is 1050 aluminum alloy, 1060 aluminum alloy or 1100 aluminum alloy, and the thickness is 3-10 mm.
  • the alkaline solution used in the alkaline washing is a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with a concentration of 25 to 45 g / L soaked for 10 to 40 minutes.
  • the alkaline washing method is to immerse the tubular cavity in the alkaline solution for 10 to 40 minutes;
  • the acid solution is hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 30%.
  • the method of pickling is to immerse the tubular cavity after the alkali washing in the acid solution until the surface of the tubular cavity is smooth and clean.
  • step 4 when the front end or the rear end is sealed by a rivet, the rivets are uniformly distributed along the width direction of the tubular cavity, and the distance between adjacent rivets is 10 to 100 mm, and the gap between the rivets is used as an exhaust hole;
  • 3 to 10 unwelded points are reserved as exhaust holes, and the length of each unwelded point is 5 to 8 mm.
  • step 9 above before the foaming process, a limiting mold is set above the preform slab to control the core layer expansion rate of the preform slab to be 300 to 400%.
  • the preset furnace temperature is generally between 680 and 750 ° C.
  • the invention adopts a reasonable distribution ratio and processing technology, and can even achieve an expansion of more than 300% below 580 ° C. Rate, and the heating rate is no longer one of the key factors limiting the success or failure of foaming.
  • the invention can ensure that the core layer cells have good uniformity, and the foaming process can be completely controlled within a fixed temperature range in the semi-solid / liquid range interval.
  • the temperature accuracy of the foaming process is highly controllable and the temperature gradient is small. ;
  • the method has strong operability and is suitable for industrial production.
  • the process window can be effectively adjusted with the increase of the heating time and the decrease of the heating rate.
  • the product production process has high stability and repeatability, which is very suitable for industrial specifications. Mass production of large-size foamed aluminum sandwich panel material.
  • the process setting in the present invention can ensure a high metallurgical bonding strength between the foam core layer and the panel, and the obtained sandwich panel panel also has a high surface flatness.
  • the aluminum alloy panel is further strengthened during the rolling deformation process; at the same time, this process achieves low temperature foaming, which effectively avoids overheating of the panel during the foaming process, better maintains the physical properties of the panel, and makes the aluminum alloy panel more It can be effectively used in the preparation of foamed aluminum sandwich panels; it is no longer limited to being only functional materials, but can also be widely used in the design of lightweight structural materials.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing an industrial large-sized foamed aluminum sandwich panel according to the present invention
  • Example 2 is a photographic view of the appearance and morphology of a foamed aluminum sandwich panel prepared in Example 1 of the present invention
  • Example 3 is a photograph of a cross-sectional appearance of a foamed aluminum sandwich panel prepared in Example 1 of the present invention
  • Example 4 is a photographic view of the appearance and appearance of a foamed aluminum sandwich panel prepared in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • Example 5 is a photograph of a cross-sectional appearance of a foamed aluminum sandwich panel prepared in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two tubular cavities (quasi-square tubular cavities) after side-sealing treatment in the embodiment of the present invention; in the figure, from top to bottom are Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 sealing methods, 1, the upper plate bends, 2, welding, 3, the lower plate bends, 4, the upper plate and flexible metal welding, 5, the lower plate and flexible script welding.
  • the purity of the aluminum powder / aluminum alloy powder, silicon powder, copper powder, magnesium powder and zinc white copper powder used in the embodiments of the present invention is greater than 99%, and the purity of the blowing agent TiH 2 is greater than 99.5%.
  • the aluminum alloy powder in the embodiment of the present invention is an aluminum alloy powder containing silicon, copper, zinc, and / or magnesium elements.
  • the silicon carbide particles and the carbon fiber are made of commercially available raw materials by grinding or cutting.
  • the pre-oxidation treatment method of TiH 2 is: holding in the air at 480 ° C. for 2 hours.
  • the equipment used for mixing the metal powder in the embodiment of the present invention is a three-dimensional mixer.
  • the alkaline solution used for the alkaline washing is a 25 to 45 g / L NaOH aqueous solution soaked for 10 to 40 minutes.
  • the alkaline washing method is to immerse the tubular cavity in the alkaline solution for 10 to 40 minutes; pickling
  • the acid solution used is hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 30% by mass.
  • the method of pickling is to immerse the tubular cavity after alkali washing in the acid solution until the surface of the tubular cavity is smooth and clean.
  • the total reduction ratio of cold rolling is ⁇ 25%.
  • the material of the rivets is pure aluminum, and the number of rivets is more than two.
  • the gap between the rivets is used as an exhaust hole.
  • the exhaust hole deforms and expands to complete the exhaust function.
  • the mixing time is 1 hour;
  • the elemental composition of the core layer mixed powder is Si by mass percentage. 5%; Mg 8%, Cu 1%, Zn 2%, foaming agent 0.5%, and the rest is Al;
  • the foaming agent is titanium hydride powder;
  • the additive is SiC particles, which accounts for the total powder of the core layer.
  • the tube material is annealed at 400 ⁇ 10 ° C for 1 hour, then flattened by a press, and then rolled into a tubular cavity by a rolling mill;
  • the tubular cavity is composed of an upper plate, a lower plate, and a connection between the two.
  • the upper plate and the lower plate are parallel to each other with a distance of 20 mm.
  • the width of the tubular cavity is 105 ⁇ 5 mm and the wall thickness is 3 mm.
  • the inner surface of the tubular cavity is pre-treated.
  • alkali washing is performed to remove oil stains, and then acid washing is used to remove impurities, and then water washing is used to remove the acid solution, and finally dried to remove water;
  • One end of the pre-treated tubular cavity is used as the front end, and the other end is used as the tail end; the front end is sealed by rivets or welding and a vent hole is reserved; the core mixed powder is filled into the tubular cavity from the tail end, and A sealing distance of 30mm is reserved at the tail end; asbestos is added into the tubular cavity from the tail end, so that the asbestos covers the core mixed powder, which is used to prevent the core mixed powder from being discharged with the airflow during the rolling process; then the tail end is flattened , And then through rivets or welding to seal and reserve the exhaust hole to make a prefabricated part; the front and tail ends of the prefabricated part are the front and tail ends of the tubular cavity;
  • the front seal is sealed by rivet connection.
  • the diameter of the rivet is 4mm, and there are 3 rivets distributed along the width of the tubular cavity.
  • the preform is cold-rolled 3 times, and the reduction ratio of each pass is 8%.
  • the core layer is mixed with powder and the tubular cavity to achieve primary densification to make a blank.
  • the cold rolling direction is from the end of the preform. Rolling forward
  • the sintered slab is hot-rolled, the rolling temperature is 460 ° C, the final rolling temperature is 420 ° C, and the total reduction ratio is 40% to obtain a hot-rolled slab;
  • the hot-rolled slab is heat-treated at 470 ° C for 1 hour, and then trimmed to remove the sealed parts around it to make a prefabricated slab;
  • Adopting size 6063 aluminum alloy pipe is used as the pipe material; the pipe material is annealed at 400 ⁇ 10 ° C for 3 hours, then flattened by a press, and then rolled into a tubular cavity by a rolling mill; The connection between the two is composed of the distance between the upper plate and the lower plate is 30mm; the width of the tubular cavity is 210 ⁇ 10mm and the wall thickness is 4mm;
  • the hot rolling rolling temperature is 420 ° C, the final rolling temperature is 385 ° C, and the total reduction ratio is 70%;
  • (2) 6061 aluminum alloy plate is used as the plate; the two sides of two parallel plates are sealed to form a tubular cavity; the tubular cavity is composed of an upper plate, a lower plate, and a connection between the two The upper and lower plates are parallel to each other with a distance of 25mm; the width of the tubular cavity is 500mm and the wall thickness is 4mm; two of the sides are sealed by the following methods: Bend them separately, and the angle between the bent part and the horizontal plane is 45 °, so that the two side ends of the upper plate and the lower plate are in contact, and then welded to seal; the structure is shown in the upper diagram of Figure 6, 1 at the bend and 2 at the weld;
  • the hot rolling rolling temperature is 450 ° C, the final rolling temperature is 410 ° C, and the total reduction ratio is 60%;
  • the plate 6061 aluminum alloy plate is used as the plate; the two sides of two parallel plates are sealed to form a tubular cavity; the tubular cavity is composed of an upper plate, a lower plate, and a connection between the two The upper plate and the lower plate are parallel to each other with a distance of 30mm; the width of the tubular cavity is 500mm and the wall thickness is 5mm; the sealing method of the two sides is as follows: the two sides of the upper plate and the lower plate Fold it twice to form the flat part and the V-shaped parts on both sides, and then stack the V-shaped parts of the upper and lower plates together, that is, insert the V-shaped part of one board into the V-shaped part of the other board to form Sealed; the structure is as shown in the middle figure of Figure 6. Bend once at the lower plate bend 3, then fold the bent part again to form a V-shaped part, and stack it with the V-shaped part of the upper plate.
  • the hot rolling temperature is 430 ° C
  • the final rolling temperature is 400 ° C
  • the total reduction ratio is 50%
  • (2) 6061 aluminum alloy plate is used as the plate; the two sides of two parallel plates are sealed to form a tubular cavity; the tubular cavity is composed of an upper plate, a lower plate, and a connection between the two The upper and lower plates are parallel to each other with a distance of 30mm; the width of the tubular cavity is 1000mm and the wall thickness is 8mm; two of the sides are sealed by the following methods: on the two sides of the upper and lower plates One flexible metal plate is placed, and the two sides of the upper and lower plates are welded to the flexible metal to form a seal; the flexible metal is 1050 aluminum alloy, and the thickness (horizontal direction) is 10mm; the structure is shown in Figure 6 As shown in the following figure, the upper plate and the flexible metal welding point 4 and the lower plate and the flexible metal welding point 5 are respectively welded and sealed;
  • the core layer mixed powder reserves a sealing distance of 45mm after filling from the tail end;
  • the hot rolling rolling temperature is 470 ° C, the final rolling temperature is 430 ° C, and the total reduction ratio is 55%;

Abstract

A method for manufacturing large industrial-sized aluminum composite panels comprises the following steps: (1) mixing aluminum powder/aluminum alloy powder, silicon powder, copper powder, magnesium powder, paktong powder, and a foaming agent, and obtaining mixed powder of a core layer; (2) using an aluminum alloy tube or sheets, annealing and flattening the tube, and then rolling the same to form a tubular cavity, or sealing side edges of two sheets to form a tubular cavity; (3) performing pre-processing on an inner surface; (4) filling a front end with the mixed powder of the core layer after the front end has been sealed, and sealing a tail end; (5) cold rolling; (6) sintering; (7) hot rolling; (8) performing thermal treatment and edge trimming; and (9) foaming followed by air cooling. The manufacturing method realizes low-temperature foaming, prevents scorching, and preserves physical properties of the panels.

Description

一种工业用大尺寸泡沫铝夹芯板的制备方法Preparation method of industrial large-size foamed aluminum sandwich panel 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种层状复合材料的制备，具体涉及一种工业用大尺寸泡沫铝夹芯板的制备方法。The invention relates to the preparation of a layered composite material, in particular to a method for preparing a large-sized foamed aluminum sandwich panel for industrial use.
背景技术Background technique
泡沫铝夹芯板作为一种新兴的多孔复合材料，相较于传统金属材料，具有很多独特的物理性能，如质轻、比刚度和比强度高、较佳的吸能性、消音性及电磁屏蔽性等；该材料经过特殊设计及装配，可作为一种集结构与功能性为一体的材料，无论是在航天航空及交通运输领域中的轻量化设计，还是应用于城市建设及发动机隔板类的消声结构，以及利用其吸能特性应用于车辆防撞梁及装甲车底盘等，均具有很高的应用价值和发展前景；近些年来，泡沫铝夹芯板材料受到越来越多的重视，其工艺的探索不断得到深入和发展。As an emerging porous composite material, foamed aluminum sandwich panel has many unique physical properties compared to traditional metal materials, such as light weight, high specific stiffness and specific strength, better energy absorption, sound insulation and electromagnetic Shielding, etc .; This material is specially designed and assembled, which can be used as a material that integrates structure and functionality, whether it is lightweight design in the field of aerospace and transportation, or used in urban construction and engine partitions. Similar sound-absorbing structures, as well as the use of their energy-absorbing properties in vehicle crash beams and armored vehicle chassis, have high application value and development prospects; in recent years, foamed aluminum sandwich panel materials have received more and more Attaching importance to it, the exploration of its technology has been continuously deepened and developed.
现有制备泡沫铝夹芯板芯层与面板的主要复合形式为胶粘连接和冶金复合两种形式；胶粘的方式采用面板与芯层之间通过树脂胶使之连接在一起，这种方法虽然操作简单且较为经济，但却存在一些明显不足，包括其界面结合强度较低、易老化且不耐高温，并且胶层分解时具有毒性，这极大限制了其应用领域；因此，面板与芯层采用冶金结合的方式，目前已经成为了主要发展方向。Currently, the main composite forms of the core layer and the panel of the foam aluminum sandwich panel are adhesive bonding and metallurgical composite. The method of bonding adopts the method of connecting the panel and the core layer through a resin glue. This method Although the operation is simple and economical, there are some obvious shortcomings, including low interface bonding strength, easy ageing and high temperature resistance, and toxicity when the adhesive layer is decomposed, which greatly limits its application fields; therefore, the panel and The core layer adopts a metallurgical combination, and has now become the main development direction.
为了实现芯层与面板的冶金结合，研究人员对生产工艺进行了不断探索；例如在专利CN104960270A中，将熔体发泡法制得的适当密度、孔隙率和厚度的泡沫铝板材经过表面处理后，平行放置于具有一定温度的加热平台上，当接触加热平台侧达到一定温度后，通过对另一侧施压，使加热侧变形，最终产生类似于面板的蒙皮层，之后再对另一端重复上述操作，最终得到夹心结构；此方法虽然最终制得了泡沫铝夹心结构，但缺点在于所获得的面板层的强度及表面质量较差，同时在压缩过程中也容易造成泡沫铝结构的破坏。In order to achieve the metallurgical combination of the core layer and the panel, researchers have continuously explored the production process; for example, in the patent CN104960270A, after the surface treatment of a foamed aluminum sheet of an appropriate density, porosity and thickness prepared by the melt foaming method, Placed in parallel on a heating platform with a certain temperature. When the temperature on the side of the heating platform reaches a certain temperature, the heating side is deformed by applying pressure to the other side, and finally a skin layer similar to the panel is generated, and then the above is repeated for the other end The sandwich structure is finally obtained through operation. Although this method finally produces a foamed aluminum sandwich structure, the disadvantage is that the strength and surface quality of the obtained panel layer are poor, and the foamed aluminum structure is also easily damaged during the compression process.
在发明专利CN106735245A中具体公开了一种完全由粉末冶金法制备泡沫铝夹芯板的方法，其特点是上下面板也采用了粉末成型的技术路线，按照面板粉末—芯层粉末—面板粉末的排列方式均匀平铺，通过压力机压制形成预制坯，之后进行升温发泡，最终形成三明治类泡沫铝夹心结构；此方法虽然使面板层与芯层粉末实现了冶金结合，但操作起来相对难度较大，受模具等设备限制也无法应用于制备大尺寸夹芯板，并且在面板层厚度、平直度及强度方面亦很难保证。The invention patent CN106735245A specifically discloses a method for preparing a foamed aluminum sandwich panel entirely by powder metallurgy, which is characterized in that the upper and lower panels also adopt a powder molding technical route, according to the arrangement of panel powder-core layer powder-panel powder The method is evenly tiled, and the preform is pressed by a press to form a preform, which is then heated and foamed to finally form a sandwich-like foam aluminum sandwich structure. Although this method enables the metallurgical combination of the panel layer and the core layer powder, it is relatively difficult to operate Due to the limitations of equipment such as molds, it cannot be applied to the preparation of large-size sandwich panels, and it is difficult to guarantee the thickness, flatness and strength of the panel layer.
BanhartJ在文献《Aluminium Foam Sandwich Panels：Manufacture，Metallurgy and Applications》中曾公开了一种采用粉末冶金法制备规格达到1m×2m的泡沫铝夹芯板材的方 法，其采用了粉末冶金方式；其技术路线为首先将铝基粉末、发泡剂及一些添加剂充分混合，之后预压成紧实芯层预制坯，再通过选取合适的面板材料，采取冷轧和热轧相结合的方式使面板与芯层实现一定程度的机械咬合后置于发泡炉中，预制坯体在升至670～705℃温度区间并保温一段时间后，经冷却后制得泡沫铝夹芯复合材料；该方法工序较为复杂，但实用性较强，目前在工业化泡沫铝夹芯板的生产中具有很高的指导意义；但由于技术保密等原因，在大尺寸界面冶金结合泡沫铝夹芯板产品的制备方面，国内尚未实现规模化生产。BanhartJ has disclosed in the document "Aluminium Foam Sandwich Panels: Manufacture, Metallurgy and Applications" a method of preparing a foamed aluminum sandwich panel with a size of 1m × 2m by powder metallurgy, which uses powder metallurgy; its technical route In order to fully mix the aluminum-based powder, foaming agent and some additives, and then pre-compact it into a compact core layer preform, then select a suitable panel material, and use a combination of cold rolling and hot rolling to make the panel and the core layer After achieving a certain degree of mechanical occlusion, it is placed in a foaming furnace. After the preform is heated to a temperature range of 670 to 705 ° C and held for a period of time, it is cooled to obtain a foamed aluminum sandwich composite material; the process of this method is relatively complicated. However, it has strong practicability and currently has a high guiding significance in the production of industrial foamed aluminum sandwich panels. However, due to technical confidentiality and other reasons, the preparation of large-scale interface metallurgical combined foamed aluminum sandwich panel products has not yet been achieved in China. Large-scale production.
细致分析后可以发现，Banhart J等公布的泡沫铝夹芯板制备方法存在一定不足：高温发泡(＞630℃)温度下几乎所有常见的铝基合金面板都会出现过烧，必然导致面板性能的严重削弱，极大降低了泡沫铝夹芯板作为结构性材料的实际应用及使用价值；虽然采用缩短发泡时间的方式可降低面板的烧损程度，但随着升温速率的加快，受传热限制，产品内部的温度梯度必然加大，导致发泡过程具有不同时性，泡孔生长的稳定性及均匀性很难保证；此外，较短的发泡时间亦不利于生产控制，导致产品质量的稳定性降低；因此，开发适用于工业领域应用的大尺寸界面冶金结合的泡沫铝夹芯板材料具有重要意义。After careful analysis, it can be found that there are some shortcomings in the preparation method of foamed aluminum sandwich panels announced by Banhart J and others: almost all common aluminum-based alloy panels will overheat at high temperature foaming (> 630 ° C) temperature, which will inevitably lead to panel performance. Severe weakening, greatly reducing the practical application and use value of foamed aluminum sandwich panels as structural materials; although the method of shortening the foaming time can reduce the degree of panel burnout, as the heating rate is accelerated, heat transfer is affected Due to the limitation, the temperature gradient inside the product will inevitably increase, causing the foaming process to have different timeliness. It is difficult to guarantee the stability and uniformity of cell growth. In addition, the shorter foaming time is not conducive to production control, leading to product quality The stability of the foam is reduced; therefore, it is of great significance to develop a large-size interface metallurgical bonded foam aluminum sandwich panel material suitable for industrial applications.
发明内容Summary of the Invention
针对泡沫铝夹芯板制备技术存在的上述问题，本发明提供一种工业用大尺寸泡沫铝夹芯板的制备方法，通过在较低的温度环境下及较慢的升温速率下实现稳定发泡，保持了面板原有的力学性能，发泡时间允许充分延长，并且发泡过程平稳缓慢，操作方便，制得板型平整且厚度均匀泡沫铝夹芯板。In view of the above problems existing in the technology of preparing foamed aluminum sandwich panels, the present invention provides a method for preparing a large-sized foamed aluminum sandwich panel for industrial use, which realizes stable foaming in a lower temperature environment and a slower heating rate. The original mechanical properties of the panel are maintained, the foaming time is allowed to be fully extended, and the foaming process is smooth and slow, and the operation is convenient, and a flat aluminum foam sandwich panel having a flat shape and a uniform thickness is obtained.
本发明的方法按以下步骤进行：The method of the present invention is performed according to the following steps:
1、将铝粉/铝合金粉、硅粉、铜粉、镁粉、锌白铜粉和发泡剂混合，加入或不加入添加剂，混合均匀得到芯层混合粉末；芯层混合粉末的元素成分按质量百分比为Si 5～10％；Mg 1～8％，Cu 1～6％，Zn 0～2％，发泡剂0.5～2％，其余为Al；所述的发泡剂为氢化钛粉；所述的添加剂为SiC颗粒或碳纤维；当添加剂为SiC颗粒时，添加剂占芯层混合粉末总质量≤8％；当添加剂为碳纤维时，添加剂占芯层混合粉末总质量≤0.5％；1. Mix aluminum powder / aluminum alloy powder, silicon powder, copper powder, magnesium powder, zinc white copper powder and foaming agent, add or not add additives, mix evenly to obtain core layer mixed powder; the element composition of core layer mixed powder is as follows The mass percentage is 5 to 10% of Si; 1 to 8% of Mg, 1 to 6% of Cu, 0 to 2% of Zn, 0.5 to 2% of foaming agent, and the rest is Al; the foaming agent is titanium hydride powder; The additive is SiC particles or carbon fibers; when the additive is SiC particles, the additive accounts for the total mass of the core layer mixed powder ≤ 8%; when the additive is carbon fiber, the additive accounts for the total mass of the core layer mixed powder ≤ 0.5%;
2、采用3000系铝合金或6000系铝合金的管材或板材；将管材在400±10℃退火处理1～3h，然后先用压力机压扁，再用轧机轧制成管状型腔；或者将两个平行放置的板材的两个侧边密封处理，构成管状型腔；所述的管状型腔由上板、下板以及两者之间的连接部构成，上板和下板互相平行，距离为20～30mm；管状型腔的宽度为40～1200mm，壁厚为2～8mm；2. Use 3000 series aluminum alloy or 6000 series aluminum alloy pipe or sheet; anneal the pipe at 400 ± 10 ℃ for 1 ~ 3h, then flatten it with a press, and then roll it into a tubular cavity with a rolling mill; or The two sides of two parallel plates are sealed to form a tubular cavity. The tubular cavity is composed of an upper plate, a lower plate, and a connection between the two. The upper plate and the lower plate are parallel to each other with a distance 20 to 30mm; the width of the tubular cavity is 40 to 1200mm, and the wall thickness is 2 to 8mm;
3、将管状型腔的内表面进行预处理，预处理过程时先碱洗去除油污，然后经酸洗去除杂质，再水洗去除酸液，最后干燥去除水分；3. The inner surface of the tubular cavity is pre-treated. During the pre-treatment process, alkali washing is performed to remove oil stains, and then acid washing is used to remove impurities, and then water washing is used to remove the acid solution, and finally dried to remove water;
4、将经过预处理的管状型腔的一端作为前端，另一端作为尾端；将前端通过铆钉或焊接密封，焊接密封时预留排气孔；将芯层混合粉末从尾端填充到管状型腔内，并在尾端预留30～60mm的密封距离；将石棉或海绵从尾端加入到管状型腔内，使石棉或海绵覆盖芯层混合粉末，用于阻止轧制过程中芯层混合粉末随气流排出；然后将尾端压扁，再通过铆钉或焊接密封，焊接密封时预留排气孔，制成预制件；预制件的前端和尾端即为管状型腔的前端和尾端；4. One end of the pre-treated tubular cavity is used as the front end, and the other end is used as the tail end; the front end is sealed by rivets or welding, and the vent hole is reserved when welding is sealed; the core layer mixed powder is filled from the tail end to the tubular type. Inside the cavity, and leave a sealing distance of 30 ~ 60mm at the end; add asbestos or sponge from the end to the tubular cavity, so that asbestos or sponge covers the core layer and mixes the powder to prevent the core layer from mixing during the rolling process The powder is discharged with the airflow; then the tail end is flattened and then sealed by rivets or welding. The exhaust holes are reserved during welding and sealing to make a preform; the front and tail ends of the preform are the front and tail ends of the tubular cavity. ;
5、对预制件进行3～7道次冷轧，每道次的压下率为3～8％，使芯层混合粉末和管状型腔达到初级致密化，制成坯料；其中冷轧方向是从预制件的尾端向前端轧制；5. Perform 3 to 7 cold rollings on the preform, and the reduction ratio of each pass is 3 to 8%, so that the core layer mixed powder and the tubular cavity can be densified to make a blank; the cold rolling direction is Rolling from the end of the preform to the front;
6、将坯料在400～500℃条件下烧结1～5h，制成烧结板坯；6. Sinter the blank at 400 to 500 ° C for 1 to 5 hours to make a sintered slab;
7、将烧结板坯进行热轧，开轧温度为400～480℃，终轧温度为385～450℃，总压下率为40～70％，获得热轧板坯；7. The sintered slab is hot-rolled, the rolling temperature is 400-480 ° C, the final rolling temperature is 385-450 ° C, and the total reduction ratio is 40-70% to obtain a hot-rolled slab;
8、将热轧板坯在400～500℃条件下热处理，时间1～5h，然后裁边处理，去除四周经过密封处理的部分，制成预制板坯；8. The hot-rolled slab is heat-treated at 400 to 500 ° C for a period of 1 to 5 hours, and then trimmed to remove the sealed parts around it to make a prefabricated slab;
9、将预制板坯置于加热炉中，加热至570～620℃进行发泡处理，发泡处理时间为15～60min，再空冷至常温，制得泡沫铝夹芯板。9. Put the preformed slab in a heating furnace and heat it to 570-620 ° C for foaming treatment, the foaming treatment time is 15-60min, and then air-cooled to normal temperature to obtain a foamed aluminum sandwich panel.
上述的铝粉/铝合金粉、硅粉和镁粉的粒度在100～400目；上述的铜粉、锌白铜粉和氢化钛粉的粒度在400～1000目。The particle size of the aluminum powder / aluminum alloy powder, silicon powder, and magnesium powder is 100-400 mesh; the particle size of the copper powder, zinc-copper copper powder, and titanium hydride powder is 400-1000 mesh.
上述的碳化硅颗粒的粒度为50～200目。The particle size of the silicon carbide particles is 50-200 mesh.
上述的碳纤维直径≤100um，长度≤3mm。The aforementioned carbon fiber has a diameter of ≤100um and a length of ≤3mm.
上述的氢化钛粉使用前在420～520℃条件下预氧化处理1～4h。The titanium hydride powder is pre-oxidized at 420 to 520 ° C for 1 to 4 hours before use.
上述的步骤1中，进行混合时的混合时间为1～4h。In step 1 described above, the mixing time when mixing is 1 to 4 hours.
上述的3000系铝合金选用3003铝合金，6000系铝合金选用6061铝合金或6063铝合金。The above-mentioned 3000 series aluminum alloy is selected from 3003 aluminum alloy, and the 6000 series aluminum alloy is selected from 6061 aluminum alloy or 6063 aluminum alloy.
上述方法中，两个侧边密封处理的方法采用以下方式之一：1、将上板和下板的两个侧边分别弯折，弯折部分的角度与水平面夹角为30°～60°，使上板和下板的两个侧边端部接触，然后焊接进行密封；2、将上板和下板的两个侧边分别折叠两次，构成平板部分和两侧的V型部分，然后将上板和下板的V型部分叠放在一起，形成密封；3、在上板和下板的两个侧边分别放置一个柔性金属板，将上板和下板的两个侧边分别焊接到柔性金属上，形成密封；所述的柔性金属为1050铝合金、1060铝合金或1100铝合金，厚度为3～10mm。In the above method, the two sides are sealed in one of the following ways: 1. Bend the two sides of the upper plate and the lower plate separately, and the angle between the bent portion and the horizontal plane is 30 ° to 60 °. , Make the two side ends of the upper plate and the lower plate contact, and then weld to seal; 2. fold the two sides of the upper plate and the lower plate twice respectively to form a flat plate portion and V-shaped portions on both sides, Then, the V-shaped parts of the upper and lower plates are stacked together to form a seal; 3. A flexible metal plate is placed on each of the two sides of the upper and lower plates, and the two sides of the upper and lower plates are stacked. They are respectively welded to a flexible metal to form a seal; the flexible metal is 1050 aluminum alloy, 1060 aluminum alloy or 1100 aluminum alloy, and the thickness is 3-10 mm.
上述方法中，碱洗采用的碱液为浓度25～45g/L的NaOH水溶液浸泡10～40min，碱洗的方式为将管状型腔置于碱液中浸泡，时间为10～40min；酸洗采用的酸液为质量浓度30％的盐 酸，酸洗的方式为将碱洗后的管状型腔置于酸液中浸泡，至管状型腔表面光洁为止。In the above method, the alkaline solution used in the alkaline washing is a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with a concentration of 25 to 45 g / L soaked for 10 to 40 minutes. The alkaline washing method is to immerse the tubular cavity in the alkaline solution for 10 to 40 minutes; The acid solution is hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 30%. The method of pickling is to immerse the tubular cavity after the alkali washing in the acid solution until the surface of the tubular cavity is smooth and clean.
上述的步骤4中，在前端或尾端通过铆钉密封时，铆钉沿管状型腔的宽度方向均匀分布，相邻铆钉的间距在10～100mm，铆钉间的缝隙作为排气孔；在前端或尾端通过焊接密封时，预留3～10个未焊接点作为排气孔，每个未焊接点的长度为5～8mm。In the above step 4, when the front end or the rear end is sealed by a rivet, the rivets are uniformly distributed along the width direction of the tubular cavity, and the distance between adjacent rivets is 10 to 100 mm, and the gap between the rivets is used as an exhaust hole; When the end is sealed by welding, 3 to 10 unwelded points are reserved as exhaust holes, and the length of each unwelded point is 5 to 8 mm.
上述的步骤9中，发泡处理前，在预制板坯上方设置限位模具，控制预制板坯的芯层膨胀率在300～400％，In step 9 above, before the foaming process, a limiting mold is set above the preform slab to control the core layer expansion rate of the preform slab to be 300 to 400%.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
在实现较低的发泡温度的同时降低了对加热速率的要求；在传统泡沫铝夹芯板的制备过程中，为了满足加热温度速率的要求，预设炉温一般在680～750℃之间，同时需采用传热效率更高的装置，否则过慢的升温速率极容易导致无法发泡；本发明采用了合理的成分配比及加工工艺，甚至可在580℃以下达到300％以上的膨胀率，并且升温速率亦不再作为限制发泡成败的关键性因素之一。While lowering the foaming temperature, the requirement for heating rate is reduced. In the preparation process of traditional foamed aluminum sandwich panel, in order to meet the requirement of heating temperature rate, the preset furnace temperature is generally between 680 and 750 ° C. At the same time, it is necessary to use a device with higher heat transfer efficiency, otherwise an excessively slow heating rate can easily lead to failure to foam; the invention adopts a reasonable distribution ratio and processing technology, and can even achieve an expansion of more than 300% below 580 ° C. Rate, and the heating rate is no longer one of the key factors limiting the success or failure of foaming.
本发明可保证芯层泡孔具有良好的均匀性，且其发泡过程可被完全控制在半固态/液态范围区间一个固定的温度区间内，发泡过程温度精度可控性高，温度梯度小；方法的可操作性强，适于工业化生产，工艺窗口可随着可加热时间的延长及升温速率的降低被有效调控，产品生产过程具有很高的稳定性及可重复性，非常适合工业规格大尺寸泡沫铝夹芯板材料的批量化生产。The invention can ensure that the core layer cells have good uniformity, and the foaming process can be completely controlled within a fixed temperature range in the semi-solid / liquid range interval. The temperature accuracy of the foaming process is highly controllable and the temperature gradient is small. ; The method has strong operability and is suitable for industrial production. The process window can be effectively adjusted with the increase of the heating time and the decrease of the heating rate. The product production process has high stability and repeatability, which is very suitable for industrial specifications. Mass production of large-size foamed aluminum sandwich panel material.
本发明中的工艺设置可保证泡沫芯层与面板之间获得很高的冶金结合强度，所得到的夹芯板面板也具有很高的表面平整度。铝合金面板在轧制变形过程中得到进一步强化；同时，此工艺实现了低温发泡，发泡过程中有效避免了面板的过烧，较好地保持了面板的物理性能，使铝合金面板更可被有效应用于泡沫铝夹芯板的制备；其不再局限于仅能作为功能性材料，更可被广泛应用于轻量化的结构性材料的设计。The process setting in the present invention can ensure a high metallurgical bonding strength between the foam core layer and the panel, and the obtained sandwich panel panel also has a high surface flatness. The aluminum alloy panel is further strengthened during the rolling deformation process; at the same time, this process achieves low temperature foaming, which effectively avoids overheating of the panel during the foaming process, better maintains the physical properties of the panel, and makes the aluminum alloy panel more It can be effectively used in the preparation of foamed aluminum sandwich panels; it is no longer limited to being only functional materials, but can also be widely used in the design of lightweight structural materials.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本发明的工业用大尺寸泡沫铝夹芯板的制备方法流程示意图；1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing an industrial large-sized foamed aluminum sandwich panel according to the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例1制备的泡沫铝夹芯板外观形貌照片图；2 is a photographic view of the appearance and morphology of a foamed aluminum sandwich panel prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例1制备的泡沫铝夹芯板截面外观形貌照片图；3 is a photograph of a cross-sectional appearance of a foamed aluminum sandwich panel prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例2制备的泡沫铝夹芯板外观形貌照片图；4 is a photographic view of the appearance and appearance of a foamed aluminum sandwich panel prepared in Example 2 of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例2制备的泡沫铝夹芯板截面外观形貌照片图；5 is a photograph of a cross-sectional appearance of a foamed aluminum sandwich panel prepared in Example 2 of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例中两个侧边密封处理后的管状型腔(类方管状型腔)的横截面示意图；图中，从上到下依次为实施例1、实施例2和实施例3的密封处理方式，1、上板弯折处， 2、焊接处，3、下板弯折处，4、上板与柔性金属焊接处，5、下板与柔性经书焊接处。FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two tubular cavities (quasi-square tubular cavities) after side-sealing treatment in the embodiment of the present invention; in the figure, from top to bottom are Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 sealing methods, 1, the upper plate bends, 2, welding, 3, the lower plate bends, 4, the upper plate and flexible metal welding, 5, the lower plate and flexible script welding.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
本发明实施例中采用的铝粉/铝合金粉、硅粉、铜粉、镁粉和锌白铜粉的纯度都大于99％，发泡剂TiH 2纯度大于99.5％。 The purity of the aluminum powder / aluminum alloy powder, silicon powder, copper powder, magnesium powder and zinc white copper powder used in the embodiments of the present invention is greater than 99%, and the purity of the blowing agent TiH 2 is greater than 99.5%.
本发明实施例中的铝合金粉为含有硅、铜、锌和/或镁元素的铝合金粉。The aluminum alloy powder in the embodiment of the present invention is an aluminum alloy powder containing silicon, copper, zinc, and / or magnesium elements.
本发明实施例中碳化硅颗粒和碳纤维为市购原料经研磨或裁剪处理制成。In the embodiment of the present invention, the silicon carbide particles and the carbon fiber are made of commercially available raw materials by grinding or cutting.
本发明实施例中TiH 2的预氧化处理方式为：空气中480℃条件下保温2小时。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the pre-oxidation treatment method of TiH 2 is: holding in the air at 480 ° C. for 2 hours.
本发明实施例中金属粉末混合采用的设备为三维混料机。The equipment used for mixing the metal powder in the embodiment of the present invention is a three-dimensional mixer.
本发明实施例中碱洗采用的碱液为浓度25～45g/L的NaOH水溶液浸泡10～40min，碱洗的方式为将管状型腔置于碱液中浸泡，时间为10～40min；酸洗采用的酸液为质量浓度30％的盐酸，酸洗的方式为将碱洗后的管状型腔置于酸液中浸泡，至管状型腔表面光洁为止。In the embodiment of the present invention, the alkaline solution used for the alkaline washing is a 25 to 45 g / L NaOH aqueous solution soaked for 10 to 40 minutes. The alkaline washing method is to immerse the tubular cavity in the alkaline solution for 10 to 40 minutes; pickling The acid solution used is hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 30% by mass. The method of pickling is to immerse the tubular cavity after alkali washing in the acid solution until the surface of the tubular cavity is smooth and clean.
本发明实施例中冷轧的总压下率≤25％。In the examples of the present invention, the total reduction ratio of cold rolling is ≦ 25%.
本发明实施例中前端或后端采用铆钉密封时，采用铆钉材质为纯铝，铆钉数量为2个以上。In the embodiment of the present invention, when the front end or the rear end is sealed with rivets, the material of the rivets is pure aluminum, and the number of rivets is more than two.
本发明实施例中铆钉间的缝隙作为排气孔，当冷轧进行时该排气孔变形扩大，完成排气功能。In the embodiment of the present invention, the gap between the rivets is used as an exhaust hole. When cold rolling is performed, the exhaust hole deforms and expands to complete the exhaust function.
实施例1Example 1
将铝粉、硅粉、铜粉、镁粉、锌白铜粉和发泡剂混合，加入添加剂，混合均匀得到芯层混合粉末，混合时间为1h；芯层混合粉末的元素成分按质量百分比为Si 5％；Mg 8％，Cu 1％，Zn 2％，发泡剂0.5％，其余为Al；所述的发泡剂为氢化钛粉；所述的添加剂为SiC颗粒，占芯层混合粉末总质量≤8％；当添加剂为碳纤维时，添加剂占芯层混合粉末总质量≤0.5％；铝粉、硅粉和镁粉的粒度在100～400目；铜粉、锌白铜粉和氢化钛粉的粒度在400～1000目；碳化硅颗粒的粒度为50～200目；Mix aluminum powder, silicon powder, copper powder, magnesium powder, zinc white copper powder and foaming agent, add additives, mix well to obtain a core layer mixed powder, the mixing time is 1 hour; the elemental composition of the core layer mixed powder is Si by mass percentage. 5%; Mg 8%, Cu 1%, Zn 2%, foaming agent 0.5%, and the rest is Al; the foaming agent is titanium hydride powder; the additive is SiC particles, which accounts for the total powder of the core layer. Mass ≤8%; when the additive is carbon fiber, the additive accounts for the total mass of the core layer mixed powder ≤0.5%; the particle size of aluminum powder, silicon powder and magnesium powder is 100-400 mesh; copper powder, zinc white copper powder and titanium hydride powder The particle size is 400-1000 mesh; the particle size of silicon carbide particles is 50-200 mesh;
采用
Figure PCTCN2018088964-appb-000001
的3003铝合金管铝合金作为管材；将管材在400±10℃退火处理1h，然后先用压力机压扁，再用轧机轧制成管状型腔； use
Figure PCTCN2018088964-appb-000001
3003 aluminum alloy tube aluminum alloy as the tube material; the tube material is annealed at 400 ± 10 ° C for 1 hour, then flattened by a press, and then rolled into a tubular cavity by a rolling mill;
管状型腔由上板、下板以及两者之间的连接部构成，上板和下板互相平行，距离为20mm；管状型腔的宽度为105±5mm，壁厚为3mm；The tubular cavity is composed of an upper plate, a lower plate, and a connection between the two. The upper plate and the lower plate are parallel to each other with a distance of 20 mm. The width of the tubular cavity is 105 ± 5 mm and the wall thickness is 3 mm.
将管状型腔的内表面进行预处理，预处理过程时先碱洗去除油污，然后经酸洗去除杂质，再水洗去除酸液，最后干燥去除水分；The inner surface of the tubular cavity is pre-treated. During the pre-treatment process, alkali washing is performed to remove oil stains, and then acid washing is used to remove impurities, and then water washing is used to remove the acid solution, and finally dried to remove water;
将经过预处理的管状型腔的一端作为前端，另一端作为尾端；将前端通过铆钉或焊接密封并预留排气孔；将芯层混合粉末从尾端填充到管状型腔内，并在尾端预留30mm的密封距离；将石棉从尾端加入到管状型腔内，使石棉覆盖芯层混合粉末，用于阻止轧制过程中芯层混合粉末随气流排出；然后将尾端压扁，再通过铆钉或焊接密封并预留排气孔，制成预制件；预制件的前端和尾端即为管状型腔的前端和尾端；One end of the pre-treated tubular cavity is used as the front end, and the other end is used as the tail end; the front end is sealed by rivets or welding and a vent hole is reserved; the core mixed powder is filled into the tubular cavity from the tail end, and A sealing distance of 30mm is reserved at the tail end; asbestos is added into the tubular cavity from the tail end, so that the asbestos covers the core mixed powder, which is used to prevent the core mixed powder from being discharged with the airflow during the rolling process; then the tail end is flattened , And then through rivets or welding to seal and reserve the exhaust hole to make a prefabricated part; the front and tail ends of the prefabricated part are the front and tail ends of the tubular cavity;
前端密封采用铆钉连接的方式实现密封，铆钉直径4mm，沿管状型腔宽度方向分布有3个铆钉；The front seal is sealed by rivet connection. The diameter of the rivet is 4mm, and there are 3 rivets distributed along the width of the tubular cavity.
对预制件进行3道次冷轧，每道次的压下率为8％，使芯层混合粉末和管状型腔达到初级致密化，制成坯料；其中冷轧方向是从预制件的尾端向前端轧制；The preform is cold-rolled 3 times, and the reduction ratio of each pass is 8%. The core layer is mixed with powder and the tubular cavity to achieve primary densification to make a blank. The cold rolling direction is from the end of the preform. Rolling forward
将坯料在480℃条件下烧结1h，制成烧结板坯；Sintering the billet at 480 ° C for 1 h to make a sintered slab;
将烧结板坯进行热轧，开轧温度为460℃，终轧温度为420℃，总压下率为40％，获得热轧板坯；The sintered slab is hot-rolled, the rolling temperature is 460 ° C, the final rolling temperature is 420 ° C, and the total reduction ratio is 40% to obtain a hot-rolled slab;
将热轧板坯在470℃条件下热处理，时间1h，然后裁边处理，去除四周经过密封处理的部分，制成预制板坯；The hot-rolled slab is heat-treated at 470 ° C for 1 hour, and then trimmed to remove the sealed parts around it to make a prefabricated slab;
将预制板坯置于加热炉中，在预制板坯上方设置限位模具，控制预制板坯的芯层膨胀率在300％；然后加热至570℃进行发泡处理，发泡处理时间为60min，再空冷至常温，制得泡沫铝夹芯板；外观如图2所示，截面形貌如图3所示，由图可见表面未发生过烧现象。Place the preformed slab in a heating furnace, and set a limiting mold above the preformed slab to control the core layer expansion rate of the preformed slab to 300%; then heat to 570 ° C for foaming treatment, and the foaming treatment time is 60min Then air-cooled to normal temperature to obtain a foamed aluminum sandwich panel; the appearance is shown in FIG. 2, and the cross-sectional shape is shown in FIG. 3. It can be seen from the figure that the surface does not overheat.
实施例2Example 2
方法同实施例1，不同点在于：The method is the same as in Example 1, except that:
(1)将铝粉、硅粉、铜粉、镁粉和发泡剂混合，加入添加剂，混合均匀得到芯层混合粉末，混合时间为2h；芯层混合粉末的元素成分按质量百分比为Si 10％；Mg 1％，Cu 6％，发泡剂2％，其余为Al；所述的添加剂为碳纤维；占芯层混合粉末总质量0.5％；碳纤维直径≤100um，长度≤3mm；(1) Mix aluminum powder, silicon powder, copper powder, magnesium powder, and foaming agent, add additives, and mix uniformly to obtain a core layer mixed powder, the mixing time is 2 hours; the elemental composition of the core layer mixed powder is Si 10% by mass %; Mg 1%, Cu 6%, foaming agent 2%, the rest is Al; the additive is carbon fiber; 0.5% of the total mass of the core layer mixed powder; carbon fiber diameter ≤ 100um, length ≤ 3mm;
(2)采用尺寸
Figure PCTCN2018088964-appb-000002
的6063铝合金管作为管材；将管材在400±10℃退火处理3h，然后先用压力机压扁，再用轧机轧制成管状型腔；所述的管状型腔由上板、下板以及两者之间的连接部构成，上板和下板的距离为30mm；管状型腔的宽度为210±10mm，壁厚为4mm； (2) Adopting size
Figure PCTCN2018088964-appb-000002
6063 aluminum alloy pipe is used as the pipe material; the pipe material is annealed at 400 ± 10 ° C for 3 hours, then flattened by a press, and then rolled into a tubular cavity by a rolling mill; The connection between the two is composed of the distance between the upper plate and the lower plate is 30mm; the width of the tubular cavity is 210 ± 10mm and the wall thickness is 4mm;
(3)芯层混合粉末填充后预留40mm的密封距离；将石海绵从尾端加入到管状型腔内，使海绵覆盖芯层混合粉末；(3) The sealing distance of 40mm is reserved after the core layer mixed powder is filled; the stone sponge is added into the tubular cavity from the tail end so that the sponge covers the core layer mixed powder;
(4)前端密封采用焊接密封，预留3个未焊接点作为排气孔，每个未焊接点的长度为 5～8mm；(4) The front seal is welded, and 3 unwelded points are reserved as exhaust holes, and the length of each unwelded point is 5-8mm;
(5)对预制件进行7道次冷轧，每道次的压下率为3％；(5) 7 passes of cold rolling are performed on the preform, and the reduction ratio of each pass is 3%;
(6)坯料在440℃条件下烧结5h；(6) The blank is sintered at 440 ° C for 5h;
(7)热轧的开轧温度为420℃，终轧温度为385℃，总压下率为70％；(7) The hot rolling rolling temperature is 420 ° C, the final rolling temperature is 385 ° C, and the total reduction ratio is 70%;
(8)轧板坯在440℃条件下热处理，时间5h；(8) The rolled slab is heat treated at 440 ° C for 5 hours;
(9)限位模具，控制预制板坯的芯层膨胀率在400％；然后加热至620℃进行发泡处理，发泡处理时间为15min；外观如图4所示，截面形貌如图5所示，由图可见表面未发生过烧现象。(9) Limiting mold, control the core layer expansion rate of the preformed slab at 400%; then heat it to 620 ° C for foaming treatment, the foaming treatment time is 15min; the appearance is shown in Figure 4, and the cross-sectional shape is shown in Figure 5 As shown in the figure, it can be seen from the figure that no overburning occurred on the surface.
实施例3Example 3
方法同实施例1，不同点在于：The method is the same as in Example 1, except that:
(1)将铝粉、硅粉、铜粉、镁粉、锌白铜粉和发泡剂混合，不加入添加剂，混合均匀得到芯层混合粉末，混合时间为3h；芯层混合粉末的元素成分按质量百分比为Si 8％；Mg 4％，Cu 3％，Zn 1％，发泡剂1％，其余为Al；(1) Mix aluminum powder, silicon powder, copper powder, magnesium powder, zinc white copper powder and foaming agent, add no additives, mix uniformly to obtain a core layer mixed powder, the mixing time is 3 hours; the elemental composition of the core layer mixed powder is as follows The mass percentage is Si 8%; Mg 4%, Cu 3%, Zn 1%, foaming agent 1%, and the rest is Al;
(2)采用6061铝合金板作为板材；将两个平行放置的板材的两个侧边密封处理，构成管状型腔；所述的管状型腔由上板、下板以及两者之间的连接部构成，上板和下板互相平行，距离为25mm；管状型腔的宽度为500mm，壁厚为4mm；其中两个侧边密封处理的方法为：将上板和下板的两个侧边分别弯折，弯折部分的角度与水平面夹角为45°，使上板和下板的两个侧边端部接触，然后焊接进行密封；结构如图6的上图所示，在上板弯折处1弯折，在焊接处2焊接；(2) 6061 aluminum alloy plate is used as the plate; the two sides of two parallel plates are sealed to form a tubular cavity; the tubular cavity is composed of an upper plate, a lower plate, and a connection between the two The upper and lower plates are parallel to each other with a distance of 25mm; the width of the tubular cavity is 500mm and the wall thickness is 4mm; two of the sides are sealed by the following methods: Bend them separately, and the angle between the bent part and the horizontal plane is 45 °, so that the two side ends of the upper plate and the lower plate are in contact, and then welded to seal; the structure is shown in the upper diagram of Figure 6, 1 at the bend and 2 at the weld;
(3)芯层混合粉末从尾端填充后预留50mm的密封距离；(3) After the core powder is filled from the tail end, a sealing distance of 50mm is reserved;
(4)前端和尾端密封采用铆钉连接方式实现密封，沿管状型腔宽度方向分布有6个铆钉；(5)对预制件进行5道次冷轧，每道次的压下率为5％；(4) The front and tail seals are sealed by rivets. Six rivets are distributed along the width of the tubular cavity. (5) The cold rolling of the preform is performed 5 times, and the reduction rate of each pass is 5%. ;
(6)坯料在450℃条件下烧结3h；(6) The blank is sintered at 450 ° C for 3 hours;
(7)热轧的开轧温度为450℃，终轧温度为410℃，总压下率为60％；(7) The hot rolling rolling temperature is 450 ° C, the final rolling temperature is 410 ° C, and the total reduction ratio is 60%;
(8)轧板坯在450℃条件下热处理，时间3h；(8) The rolled slab is heat treated at 450 ° C for 3 hours;
(9)限位模具，控制预制板坯的芯层膨胀率在350％；然后加热至600℃进行发泡处理，发泡处理时间为30min。(9) Limiting mold, controlling the core layer expansion rate of the preform slab at 350%; then heating to 600 ° C for foaming treatment, and the foaming treatment time is 30min.
实施例4Example 4
方法同实施例1，不同点在于：The method is the same as in Example 1, except that:
(1)将铝粉、硅粉、铜粉、镁粉、锌白铜粉和发泡剂混合，加入添加剂，混合均匀得到 芯层混合粉末，混合时间为4h；芯层混合粉末的元素成分按质量百分比为Si 6％；Mg 5％，Cu 4％，Zn 1.5％，发泡剂1.5％，其余为Al；所述的添加剂为SiC颗粒，占芯层混合粉末总质量4％；(1) Mix aluminum powder, silicon powder, copper powder, magnesium powder, zinc white copper powder and foaming agent, add additives, and mix uniformly to obtain a core layer mixed powder, the mixing time is 4 hours; the elemental composition of the core layer mixed powder is based on quality The percentage is Si 6%; Mg 5%, Cu 4%, Zn 1.5%, foaming agent 1.5%, and the rest is Al; the additive is SiC particles, which accounts for 4% of the total mass of the core layer mixed powder;
(2)采用6061铝合金板作为板材；将两个平行放置的板材的两个侧边密封处理，构成管状型腔；所述的管状型腔由上板、下板以及两者之间的连接部构成，上板和下板互相平行，距离为30mm；管状型腔的宽度为500mm，壁厚为5mm；其中两个侧边密封处理的方法为：将上板和下板的两个侧边分别折叠两次，构成平板部分和两侧的V型部分，然后将上板和下板的V型部分叠放在一起，即将其中一个板的V型部分***另一个板的V型部分，形成密封；结构如图6的中图所示，在下板弯折处3弯折一次，然后被弯折的部分再折叠一次构成V型部分，与上板的V型部分叠放在一起；(2) 6061 aluminum alloy plate is used as the plate; the two sides of two parallel plates are sealed to form a tubular cavity; the tubular cavity is composed of an upper plate, a lower plate, and a connection between the two The upper plate and the lower plate are parallel to each other with a distance of 30mm; the width of the tubular cavity is 500mm and the wall thickness is 5mm; the sealing method of the two sides is as follows: the two sides of the upper plate and the lower plate Fold it twice to form the flat part and the V-shaped parts on both sides, and then stack the V-shaped parts of the upper and lower plates together, that is, insert the V-shaped part of one board into the V-shaped part of the other board to form Sealed; the structure is as shown in the middle figure of Figure 6. Bend once at the lower plate bend 3, then fold the bent part again to form a V-shaped part, and stack it with the V-shaped part of the upper plate.
(3)芯层混合粉末从尾端填充后预留60mm的密封距离；将海绵从尾端加入到管状型腔内，使海绵覆盖芯层混合粉末；(3) A 60mm sealing distance is reserved after the core mixed powder is filled from the tail end; the sponge is added into the tubular cavity from the tail end so that the sponge covers the core mixed powder;
(4)前端和尾端密封采用焊接密封，各预留5个未焊接点作为排气孔，每个未焊接点的长度为5mm；(4) The front and tail seals are welded. Five unwelded points are reserved as exhaust holes, and the length of each unwelded point is 5mm;
(5)对预制件进行4道次冷轧，每道次的压下率为6％；(5) 4 passes of cold rolling are performed on the preform, and the reduction ratio of each pass is 6%;
(6)坯料在450℃条件下烧结4h；(6) The blank is sintered at 450 ° C for 4h;
(7)热轧的开轧温度为430℃，终轧温度为400℃，总压下率为50％；(7) The hot rolling temperature is 430 ° C, the final rolling temperature is 400 ° C, and the total reduction ratio is 50%;
(8)轧板坯在450℃条件下热处理，时间4h；(8) Heat treatment of rolled slab at 450 ° C for 4h;
(9)限位模具，控制预制板坯的芯层膨胀率在400％；然后加热至600℃进行发泡处理，发泡处理时间为20min。(9) Limit the mold, control the core layer expansion rate of the preformed slab at 400%; then heat to 600 ° C for foaming treatment, and the foaming treatment time is 20min.
实施例5Example 5
方法同实施例1，不同点在于：The method is the same as in Example 1, except that:
(1)将铝合金粉、硅粉、铜粉、镁粉、锌白铜粉和发泡剂混合，加入添加剂，混合均匀得到芯层混合粉末，混合时间为3.5h；芯层混合粉末的元素成分按质量百分比为Si 9％；Mg 7％，Cu 2％，Zn 1％，发泡剂1.5％，其余为Al；所述的添加剂为碳纤维；占芯层混合粉末总质量0.3％；(1) Mix aluminum alloy powder, silicon powder, copper powder, magnesium powder, zinc white copper powder and foaming agent, add additives, mix evenly to obtain core layer mixed powder, mixing time is 3.5h; elemental composition of core layer mixed powder The mass percentage is Si 9%; Mg 7%, Cu 2%, Zn 1%, foaming agent 1.5%, and the rest is Al; the additive is carbon fiber; it accounts for 0.3% of the total mass of the core layer mixed powder;
(2)采用6061铝合金板作为板材；将两个平行放置的板材的两个侧边密封处理，构成管状型腔；所述的管状型腔由上板、下板以及两者之间的连接部构成，上板和下板互相平行，距离为30mm；管状型腔的宽度为1000mm，壁厚为8mm；其中两个侧边密封处理的方法为：在上板和下板的两个侧边分别放置一个柔性金属板，将上板和下板的两个侧边分别焊接到柔 性金属上，形成密封；所述的柔性金属为1050铝合金，厚度(水平方向)为10mm；结构如图6的下图所示，分别在上板与柔性金属焊接处4和下板与柔性金属焊接处5进行焊接密封；(2) 6061 aluminum alloy plate is used as the plate; the two sides of two parallel plates are sealed to form a tubular cavity; the tubular cavity is composed of an upper plate, a lower plate, and a connection between the two The upper and lower plates are parallel to each other with a distance of 30mm; the width of the tubular cavity is 1000mm and the wall thickness is 8mm; two of the sides are sealed by the following methods: on the two sides of the upper and lower plates One flexible metal plate is placed, and the two sides of the upper and lower plates are welded to the flexible metal to form a seal; the flexible metal is 1050 aluminum alloy, and the thickness (horizontal direction) is 10mm; the structure is shown in Figure 6 As shown in the following figure, the upper plate and the flexible metal welding point 4 and the lower plate and the flexible metal welding point 5 are respectively welded and sealed;
(3)芯层混合粉末从尾端填充后预留45mm的密封距离；(3) The core layer mixed powder reserves a sealing distance of 45mm after filling from the tail end;
(4)前端和尾端密封采用焊接密封，预留8个未焊接点作为排气孔，每个未焊接点的长度为6mm；(4) The front and tail seals are welded. 8 unwelded points are reserved as exhaust holes, and the length of each unwelded point is 6mm;
(5)对预制件进行6道次冷轧，每道次的压下率为4％；(5) 6 passes of cold rolling are performed on the preform, and the reduction ratio of each pass is 4%;
(6)坯料在480℃条件下烧结2h；(6) The blank is sintered at 480 ° C for 2h;
(7)热轧的开轧温度为470℃，终轧温度为430℃，总压下率为55％；(7) The hot rolling rolling temperature is 470 ° C, the final rolling temperature is 430 ° C, and the total reduction ratio is 55%;
(8)轧板坯在480℃条件下热处理，时间2h；(8) The rolled slab is heat treated at 480 ° C for 2 hours;
(9)限位模具，控制预制板坯的芯层膨胀率在400％；然后加热至600℃进行发泡处理，发泡处理时间为40min。(9) Limit the mold, control the expansion of the core layer of the preform slab at 400%; then heat to 600 ° C for foaming treatment, and the foaming treatment time is 40min.
以上所述，仅是本发明的几组实施例而已，并非是对本发明的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例；凡未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。The foregoing are only a few sets of embodiments of the present invention, and are not a limitation on the present invention. Any person skilled in the art may use the disclosed technical content to change or modify the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes; Any simple modification, equivalent change, or modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention still belongs to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种工业用大尺寸泡沫铝夹芯板的制备方法，其特征在于按以下步骤进行：A method for preparing a large-size foamed aluminum sandwich panel for industrial use, which is characterized by the following steps:
    (1)将铝粉/铝合金粉、硅粉、铜粉、镁粉、锌白铜粉和发泡剂混合，加入或不加入添加剂，混合均匀得到芯层混合粉末；芯层混合粉末的元素成分按质量百分比为Si 5～10％；Mg 1～8％，Cu 1～6％，Zn 0～2％，发泡剂0.5～2％，其余为Al；所述的发泡剂为氢化钛粉；所述的添加剂为SiC颗粒或碳纤维；当添加剂为SiC颗粒时，添加剂占芯层混合粉末总质量≤8％；当添加剂为碳纤维时，添加剂占芯层混合粉末总质量≤0.5％；(1) Mix aluminum powder / aluminum alloy powder, silicon powder, copper powder, magnesium powder, zinc white copper powder and foaming agent, with or without additives, mix evenly to obtain core layer mixed powder; elemental composition of core layer mixed powder According to the mass percentage, it is 5-10% of Si; Mg 1-8%, Cu 1-6%, Zn 0-2%, foaming agent 0.5-2%, and the rest is Al; the foaming agent is titanium hydride powder. The additive is SiC particles or carbon fibers; when the additive is SiC particles, the additive accounts for the total mass of the core layer mixed powder ≤ 8%; when the additive is carbon fiber, the additive accounts for the total mass of the core layer mixed powder ≤ 0.5%;
    (2)采用3000系铝合金或6000系铝合金的管材或板材；将管材在400±10℃退火处理1～3h，然后先用压力机压扁，再用轧机轧制成管状型腔；或者将两个平行放置的板材的两个侧边密封处理，构成管状型腔；所述的管状型腔由上板、下板以及两者之间的连接部构成，上板和下板互相平行，距离为20～30mm；管状型腔的宽度为40～1200mm，壁厚为2～8mm；(2) Use 3000 series aluminum alloy or 6000 series aluminum alloy pipe or sheet; anneal the pipe at 400 ± 10 ℃ for 1 ~ 3h, then flatten it with a press, and then roll it into a tubular cavity with a rolling mill; or The two sides of two parallel plates are sealed to form a tubular cavity. The tubular cavity is composed of an upper plate, a lower plate, and a connection between the two. The upper plate and the lower plate are parallel to each other. The distance is 20 ~ 30mm; the width of the tubular cavity is 40 ~ 1200mm, and the wall thickness is 2 ~ 8mm;
    (3)将管状型腔的内表面进行预处理，预处理过程时先碱洗去除油污，然后经酸洗去除杂质，再水洗去除酸液，最后干燥去除水分；(3) The inner surface of the tubular cavity is pretreated. During the pretreatment process, alkali washing is performed to remove oil stains, and then acid washing is used to remove impurities, and then water washing is used to remove the acid solution, and finally the water is dried to remove water;
    (4)将经过预处理的管状型腔的一端作为前端，另一端作为尾端；将前端通过铆钉或焊接密封，焊接密封时预留排气孔；将芯层混合粉末从尾端填充到管状型腔内，并在尾端预留30～60mm的密封距离；将石棉或海绵从尾端加入到管状型腔内，使石棉或海绵覆盖芯层混合粉末，用于阻止轧制过程中芯层混合粉末随气流排出；然后将尾端压扁，再通过铆钉或焊接密封，焊接密封时预留排气孔，制成预制件；预制件的前端和尾端即为管状型腔的前端和尾端；(4) One end of the pre-treated tubular cavity is used as the front end, and the other end is used as the tail end; the front end is sealed by rivets or welding, and a vent hole is reserved when welding is sealed; the core mixed powder is filled from the tail end to the tube Inside the cavity, and leave a sealing distance of 30 ~ 60mm at the end; add asbestos or sponge from the end to the tubular cavity, so that asbestos or sponge covers the core layer and mixes the powder to prevent the core layer during the rolling process The mixed powder is discharged with the airflow; then the tail end is flattened and then sealed by rivets or welding. The exhaust holes are reserved during welding and sealing to make a preform; the front and tail ends of the preform are the front and tail of the tubular cavity. end;
    (5)对预制件进行3～7道次冷轧，每道次的压下率为3～8％，使芯层混合粉末和管状型腔达到初级致密化，制成坯料；其中冷轧方向是从预制件的尾端向前端轧制；(5) The cold rolling of the preform is performed 3 to 7 times, and the reduction ratio of each pass is 3 to 8%, so that the core layer mixed powder and the tubular cavity are primary densified and made into a blank; in which the cold rolling direction It is rolled from the end of the preform to the front;
    (6)将坯料在400～500℃条件下烧结1～5h，制成烧结板坯；(6) Sintering the blank at 400 to 500 ° C for 1 to 5 hours to make a sintered slab;
    (7)将烧结板坯进行热轧，开轧温度为400～480℃，终轧温度为385～450℃，总压下率为40～70％，获得热轧板坯；(7) hot-rolling the sintered slab, with a starting rolling temperature of 400-480 ° C, a final rolling temperature of 385-450 ° C, and a total reduction ratio of 40-70% to obtain a hot-rolled slab;
    (8)将热轧板坯在400～500℃条件下热处理，时间1～5h，然后裁边处理，去除四周经过密封处理的部分，制成预制板坯；(8) The hot-rolled slab is heat-treated at a temperature of 400 to 500 ° C. for a period of 1 to 5 hours, and then trimmed to remove the sealed parts around it to make a prefabricated slab;
    (9)将预制板坯置于加热炉中，加热至570～620℃进行发泡处理，发泡处理时间为15～60min，再空冷至常温，制得泡沫铝夹芯板。(9) The preformed slab is placed in a heating furnace and heated to 570-620 ° C for foaming treatment, the foaming treatment time is 15-60 minutes, and then air-cooled to normal temperature to obtain a foamed aluminum sandwich panel.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种工业用大尺寸泡沫铝夹芯板的制备方法，其特征在于所述的铝粉/铝合金粉、硅粉和镁粉的粒度在100～400目；上述的铜粉、锌白铜粉和氢化钛粉的粒度在400～1000目。The method for preparing an industrial large-sized foamed aluminum sandwich panel according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the aluminum powder / aluminum alloy powder, silicon powder, and magnesium powder is 100-400 mesh; The particle size of copper powder, zinc white copper powder and titanium hydride powder is 400-1000 mesh.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种工业用大尺寸泡沫铝夹芯板的制备方法，其特征在于所述的碳化硅颗粒的粒度为50～200目。The method for preparing an industrial large-sized foamed aluminum sandwich panel according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the silicon carbide particles is 50-200 mesh.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种工业用大尺寸泡沫铝夹芯板的制备方法，其特征在于所述的碳纤维直径≤100um，长度≤3mm。The method for preparing a large-sized foamed aluminum sandwich panel for industrial use according to claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber has a diameter of ≤100um and a length of ≤3mm.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种工业用大尺寸泡沫铝夹芯板的制备方法，其特征在于所述的氢化钛粉使用前在420～520℃条件下预氧化处理1～4h。The method for preparing an industrial large-sized foamed aluminum sandwich panel according to claim 1, wherein the titanium hydride powder is pre-oxidized at 420 to 520 ° C for 1 to 4 hours before use.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种工业用大尺寸泡沫铝夹芯板的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(1)中，进行混合时的混合时间为1～4h。The method for preparing an industrial large-sized foamed aluminum sandwich panel according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the mixing time during mixing is 1 to 4 hours.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种工业用大尺寸泡沫铝夹芯板的制备方法，其特征在于所述的3000系铝合金选用3003铝合金，6000系铝合金选用6061铝合金或6063铝合金。The method for preparing an industrial large-sized foamed aluminum sandwich panel according to claim 1, wherein the 3000 series aluminum alloy is selected from 3003 aluminum alloy, and the 6000 series aluminum alloy is selected from 6061 aluminum alloy or 6063 aluminum alloy.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种工业用大尺寸泡沫铝夹芯板的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(2)中两个侧边密封处理的方法采用以下方式之一：1、将上板和下板的两个侧边分别弯折，弯折部分的角度与水平面夹角为30°～60°，使上板和下板的两个侧边端部接触，然后焊接进行密封；2、将上板和下板的两个侧边分别折叠两次，构成平板部分和两侧的V型部分，然后将上板和下板的V型部分叠放在一起，形成密封；3、在上板和下板的两个侧边分别放置一个柔性金属板，将上板和下板的两个侧边分别焊接到柔性金属上，形成密封；所述的柔性金属为1050铝合金、1060铝合金或1100铝合金，厚度为3～10mm。The method for preparing a large-sized foamed aluminum sandwich panel for industrial use according to claim 1, characterized in that the method of sealing the two sides in step (2) adopts one of the following methods: 1, the upper plate and The two sides of the lower plate are bent separately, and the angle between the bent portion and the horizontal plane is 30 ° ~ 60 °, so that the ends of the two sides of the upper plate and the lower plate are in contact, and then welded to seal; The two sides of the upper plate and the lower plate are folded twice respectively to form the flat plate portion and the V-shaped portions on both sides, and then the V-shaped portions of the upper plate and the lower plate are stacked together to form a seal; 3. A flexible metal plate is respectively placed on the two sides of the lower plate and the lower plate, and the two sides of the upper plate and the lower plate are respectively welded to the flexible metal to form a seal; the flexible metal is 1050 aluminum alloy, 1060 aluminum alloy or 1100 aluminum alloy with thickness of 3-10mm.
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种工业用大尺寸泡沫铝夹芯板的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(4)中，在前端或尾端通过铆钉密封时，铆钉沿管状型腔的宽度方向均匀分布，相邻铆钉的间距在10～100mm，铆钉间的缝隙作为排气孔；在前端或尾端通过焊接密封时，预留3～10个未焊接点作为排气孔，每个未焊接点的长度为5～8mm。The method for preparing a large-sized foamed aluminum sandwich panel for industrial use according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), when the front end or the tail end is sealed by a rivet, the rivet is uniform along the width direction of the tubular cavity. Distribution, the distance between adjacent rivets is 10 ~ 100mm, and the gap between the rivets is used as an exhaust hole; when the front end or the tail end is sealed by welding, 3 to 10 unwelded points are reserved as exhaust holes, each unwelded point The length is 5-8mm.
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种工业用大尺寸泡沫铝夹芯板的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(9)中，发泡处理前，在预制板坯上方设置限位模具，控制预制板坯的芯层膨胀率在300～400％，The method for preparing a large-sized foamed aluminum sandwich panel for industrial use according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (9), before the foaming treatment, a limiting mold is set above the precast slab to control the precast slab The core layer expansion rate is 300 ~ 400%,
PCT/CN2018/088964 2018-05-22 2018-05-30 Method for manufacturing large industrial-sized aluminum composite panels WO2019223022A1 (en)

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