CN117136685A - Profiling, ditching, sowing and earthing device for hilly and mountainous areas - Google Patents
Profiling, ditching, sowing and earthing device for hilly and mountainous areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN117136685A CN117136685A CN202311418914.5A CN202311418914A CN117136685A CN 117136685 A CN117136685 A CN 117136685A CN 202311418914 A CN202311418914 A CN 202311418914A CN 117136685 A CN117136685 A CN 117136685A
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- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001137309 Jordanella floridae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013527 convolutional neural network Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/08—Broadcast seeders; Seeders depositing seeds in rows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sowing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a profiling, ditching, sowing and earthing device for hilly and mountainous areas, which comprises a profiling device, a seed metering device and a ditching and earthing device. The profiling device comprises front and rear wheels, left and right transverse brackets, a lead screw, a sleeve thereof, four connecting rods and a profiling spring; the seed metering device comprises a double-row seed metering device and a double-spiral seed guide pipe, the seed metering device is fixed on the profiling frame fixing plate, the double-spiral seed guide pipe is connected below the seed dropping opening, and the seed dropping speed can be changed according to the advancing speed adjusting curvature; the ditching earthing device comprises a ditcher, a miniature camera and an earthing shovel, wherein the ditcher and the earthing shovel are fixed on the profiling frame through a bracket, and the miniature camera is fixed at the tail part of the ditcher. The device can adapt to the change of the terrain height, can finish double-row ditching, sowing and earthing operation once, and can measure the soil moisture content through the sensor, the GPS measures the advancing speed and the position information of the machine, and the singlechip analyzes and controls the ditching depth and the curvature of the double-spiral seed guide pipe to generate a sowing information graph.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a profiling ditching, sowing and earthing device for hilly and mountain areas, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to the technical field of agricultural sowing.
Background
China is the largest vegetable producing country in the world, the vegetable planting area of the country is about two tens of millions of hectares, the yield is about seven thousand and five million tons, and simultaneously China is also a huge pasture producing country, and the annual pasture planting area is about eight tens of acres. Therefore, the precision seeding equipment meeting the seeding requirements of the vegetable seeds and pasture seeds with small grain sizes is researched, the mechanization can be obviously improved, the production cost is reduced, and the sustainable development of industry is realized.
At present, in some specific farmland environments, such as hilly mountain areas or clay soil areas, due to large fluctuation of cultivated land and clay soil, the conventional ditching, seeding and earthing device often suffers from problems of adhesion and blockage of a ditcher, rebroadcasting, miss-casting and the like, so that the operation efficiency and the operation quality of the ditching, seeding and earthing device are reduced. Therefore, the high-efficiency and high-quality sowing equipment meeting the sowing requirements of small seeds such as vegetables and pastures is developed, and the mechanized, intelligent and industrialized development process of industries such as vegetables and pastures in hilly and mountainous areas in China can be effectively promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a profile modeling ditching, seeding and earthing device for hilly and mountain areas, which is used for solving the problems that the traditional ditching, seeding and earthing device is difficult to meet the seeding requirements of small seeds such as vegetables, pastures and the like, and the current ditching, mountain areas have large fluctuation of cultivated lands and sticky soil, so that the device is easy to be blocked by the adhesion of a ditcher, the seeding device is leaked to play and rebroadcast, and the like.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a profiling ditching, sowing and earthing device for hilly and mountainous areas, which comprises a profiling device, a seed metering device and a ditching and earthing device.
The profiling device comprises a first connecting rod 101, a profiling spring 102, a second connecting rod 103, a connecting bracket 104, a height fixing bracket 105, a third connecting rod 106, a fourth connecting rod 107, a left transverse bracket 108, a front wheel scraper 109, a front wheel 110, a right transverse bracket 111, a fixing plate 112, a rear wheel 113, a rear wheel scraper 114, a handle 115, a screw inner sleeve 116, a tensioning bracket 117, a tensioning spring 118, a gear 119, a screw outer sleeve 120 and a height adjusting rotating handle 121. The device is fixed on a seeder through a connecting bracket 104, the profiling four connecting rods are connected through shafts, a fourth connecting rod 107 is welded at the middle part of a screw rod outer sleeve 120, a profiling spring 102 is connected between the two connecting rods through a hook, the first connecting rod 101 and the third connecting rod 106 can swing in a plane by 20-40 degrees, a height fixing bracket 105 is connected between the two shafts, and a lifting handle 115 can be lifted to change the fixing position of the shaft below the height fixing bracket 105, so that the device is lifted and enters a ground-leaving state; the fixed plate 112 is fixedly connected to the middle parts of the left and right transverse brackets, the lower side part of the screw rod outer sleeve 120 is welded with the fixed plates 112 on the two sides of the screw rod outer sleeve, a screw rod is arranged in the screw rod sleeve, the fixed position of the internal screw rod can be changed by rotating the height adjusting rotary handle 121, the screw rod inner sleeve 116 is driven to rise or fall, and the overall height of the profiling device is adjusted; the front and rear wheel scraping plates and the lifting handles 115 are fixed on the left and right transverse brackets through bolts, and the front and rear wheels are connected on the left and right transverse brackets through shafts. Wherein the tensioning bracket 117, tensioning spring 118, gear 119 are used for power transmission.
The seed metering device is fixed on a threaded hole on the fixed plate 112 through a bolt, the negative pressure cavity 201 is connected with the seed cavity 207 through a bolt, the rubber gasket 203, the pressure plate 204 and the seed suction plate 205 inside the seed metering device are tightly attached, the seed scraping regulator 209 and the seed scraping device 210 are fixed on the seed scraping regulator 208, the seed scraping regulator 208 is fixed on the seed cavity 207 through a bolt, and the seed scraping angle of the seed scraping device 210 can be adjusted by rotating the seed scraping regulator 209; the double-screw seed guide pipe is connected below the seed falling port 211 through a bolt, the electric air pump 219 is connected with the bottom of the profiling machine frame through a bolt, five air outlets 218 are formed in the bottom of the electric air pump 219, the lower part of the electric air pump is connected with a height adjusting rod 217, the height adjusting rod 217 is divided into five sections, each section is telescopic, each section is provided with an air inlet 216, the air outlets 218 and the air inlets 216 are respectively connected through hoses, each section of the height adjusting rod 217 is connected with a seed guide pipe fixing ring 215, and the seed guide pipe fixing ring 215 is used for fixing the position of the seed guide pipe of each layer.
The ditching and earthing device comprises a left ditcher, a right ditcher and a left middle earthing shovel, wherein the ditcher is positioned at the front part of a seed falling opening of a double-screw seed guide pipe, the front end of the ditcher is a ditcher tip 302, the middle of the ditcher is a ditcher soil breaking curve 304, the bottom of the ditcher is a ditcher soil lifting plate 303, the rear part of the ditcher soil lifting plate is a shaping and soil retaining plate 314, the soil moisture content detection device 305 is positioned on a ditcher soil breaking curve 306, 7 ditcher soil breaking curves are respectively arranged from top to bottom on the left and right sides, and the left and right miniature cameras are respectively fixed on a beam at the tail part of the ditcher; the left furrow opener and the right furrow opener are connected with the miniature lifting motor 309 through the left fixing bracket 308 and the right fixing bracket 311, the miniature lifting motor 309 is connected with the bottom of the profiling frame through bolts, the earthing shovel is positioned at the rear part of the double-spiral seed guide pipe, one of the left, the middle and the right is fixed on the profiling frame through the earthing shovel fixing bracket 319, and earthing of two rows of seed furrows can be completed.
Further, the opener broken curve 304 at the joint of the left opener broken curve 306 and the right opener broken curve 306 is of a flagfish head bionic structure, has good streamline, can greatly reduce resistance, and the mathematical curve expression of the opener broken curve 304 is y=0.0064x 2 1.4411 x+ 113.91, where x and y are both coordinate values in a rectangular coordinate system; the joint of the opener soil breaking curved surface 306 and the shaping retaining plate 314 is an opener side line 315, the expression of which is x 2 +y 2 =86 2 (mm), in the side line section, the shank relief surface 306 is smoothly connected to the shaped retaining plate 314.
Further, the soil moisture content detecting device 305 is located on the broken curved surface 306 of the furrow opener, the left and right sides are 7 in number from top to bottom, the soil moisture content of different depths can be measured, the measured data are sent to the STM32 singlechip, the STM32 singlechip processes the data after receiving the data, the optimal furrow opening depth is selected according to different seed types, related signals are sent to the micro lifting motor 309, the micro lifting motor 309 can drive the left and right furrow openers connected with the micro lifting motor to lift according to the signals, the heights of the left and right furrow openers are changed, and finally the purpose of controlling the furrow opening depth of the furrow opener is achieved; meanwhile, the soil moisture content detection device 305 is a hemispherical bulge, so that the soil structure can be destroyed, and the adhesion of soil is reduced.
Further, the shaped retaining plate 314 has a waveform with a waveform expression of y=1.2 sin (pi/5 x), where: x and y are coordinate values in a rectangular coordinate system, 1.2 represents the amplitude of the fluctuation of the waveform of the shaping retaining plate 306, and pi/5 represents the angular frequency of the waveform of the shaping retaining plate 314. The shaping retaining plate 314 is designed to be wave-shaped, so that the contact area between the furrow opener and the soil is increased, the formation of furrows is facilitated, the adhesion of the soil can be reduced, and a certain diversion effect is achieved; the plastic retaining plate 314 is inclined outwardly at an angle of 8 ° from the vertical plane.
Further, the seed metering device is a double-row seed metering device, the seed sucking disc 205 is provided with an inner circle of seed sucking holes and an outer circle of seed sucking holes, seeds sucked by the outer circle of seed sucking holes 213 fall into the first seed receiving port 223, fall from the first seed receiving port 214 through the first spiral seed guiding pipe 225, and seeds sucked by the inner circle of seed sucking holes 212 fall into the second seed receiving port 221, fall from the second seed receiving port 224 through the second spiral seed guiding pipe 226, so that the sowing of two rows of seeds can be completed at one time, and the working efficiency is high.
Further, the seed guide pipes are of double-spiral structures, the two seed guide pipes are arranged in a vertically staggered mode, the upper parts of the two seed guide pipes are seed falling openings distributed to two sides through spiral pipelines, the screw pitches of the two spiral seed guide pipes are 15mm, the rotation numbers of the two spiral seed guide pipes are 2.5 turns and 2 turns respectively, the two spiral seed guide pipes extend outwards in a reverse taper shape at 45 degrees, and finally the distance between the two seed falling openings is 110mm. The middle of the two seed guide pipes is provided with a height adjusting rod 217 and an electric air pump 219, the bottom of the electric air pump 219 is provided with five air outlets 218, the height adjusting rod 217 is provided with five sections, each section is telescopic, each section is provided with an air inlet 216, the air outlets 218 are respectively connected with the air inlets 216 through hoses, each section of the height adjusting rod 217 is connected with one seed guide pipe fixing ring 215, and the seed guide pipe fixing ring 215 is used for fixing the position of the seed guide pipe of each layer. The device can be processed through an STM32 singlechip according to the advancing speed of the seeder measured by a GPS, then the electric air pump 219 is controlled to respectively adjust the air flow of each air outlet 218, air enters each section of the height adjusting rod 217 through the air inlet 216, so that the air pressure inside each section of the height adjusting rod 217 is changed, the telescopic length of each section is respectively changed through the change of the air pressure difference inside each section, the seed guide pipe fixing ring 215 connected with each section of the height adjusting rod 217 drives the double-spiral seed guide pipe to change the position, so that the curvature of the double-spiral seed guide pipe is changed, the seed falling time is adjusted, and the uniformity of seed falling is ensured. The double-spiral seed guide tube can buffer the kinetic energy of the seeds when falling down, greatly reduce the bouncing of the seeds when falling to the ground, and improve the phenomenon of uneven plant spacing and row spacing of the seeds during sowing.
Further, the left micro camera 313 and the right micro camera 312 can shoot the seed dropping situation of the seed dropping port and transmit the seed dropping situation to the processor, the processor uses the Shi-Tomasi angular point detection algorithm to detect and extract the image characteristic points, calculates the characteristic points based on the convolutional neural network, selects a proper confidence threshold value to judge the seed dropping situation, and performs GPS positioning on the seed dropping point if the seed is dropped normally; if the missing sowing is judged, the middle position is taken according to the front and rear seed dropping points to be positioned; if the sowing is judged to be the rebroadcasting, the middle positions of the rebroadcasting seeds are taken for positioning, then the sowing positions and sowing conditions are recorded, a sowing information diagram of the land is generated after the sowing is finished, and the operations such as supplementing sowing, fertilizing, spraying pesticide and the like can be pertinently performed at the later stage of the positioning information, and the information such as the germination rate of the seeds can be confirmed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a hilly mountain area profiling ditching, sowing and earthing device based on a mechanical design principle and a bionic principle, which has the advantages of simple structure, simplicity and convenience in operation, low cost and strong applicability. The device has a profiling function, can be fluctuated along with the terrain and ensures that the ditching depth is unchanged; the furrow opener is in bionic design, has good soil entering performance and strong soil breaking performance, and the ditches are leveled; the seed metering device can complete double-row seed metering at one time, the double-spiral seed guide tube can ensure seed dropping positions, and the uniformity of row spacing and plant spacing is improved; the earthing device can effectively complete earthing of the seed ditches. Meanwhile, the device is simple and convenient to install, easy to detach and convenient to maintain, and has great significance for solving the problems of low sowing efficiency, poor sowing quality and the like of small seeds such as vegetables and pastures in hilly and mountainous areas. The device provides favorable conditions for sowing small seeds such as vegetables and pastures, reduces labor cost and labor time during sowing operation, improves working efficiency and working quality during sowing operation, and has good social benefit and economic benefit and wide market prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a profiling device in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of an axial measurement of a seed metering device in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a double helical seed guide in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of a shank of an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of sowing information in an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figures are:
profiling device
101 first connecting rod, 102 profiling spring, 103 second connecting rod, 104 connecting bracket, 105 height fixing bracket, 106 third connecting rod, 107 fourth connecting rod, 108 left transverse bracket, 109 front wheel scraper, 110 front wheel, 111 right transverse bracket, 112 fixing plate, 113 rear wheel, 114 rear wheel scraper, 115 handle, 116 lead screw inner sleeve, 117 tensioning bracket, 118 tensioning spring, 119 gear, 120 lead screw outer sleeve, 121 height adjusting rotary handle;
seed metering device
201 a negative pressure cavity, 202 a negative pressure air suction port, 203 a rubber gasket, 204 a pressure plate, 205 a seed sucking disc, 206 a seed cavity cover, 207 a seed cavity, 208 a seed scraping adjusting disc, 209 a seed scraping adjuster, 210 a seed scraping device, 211 a seed falling port, 212 an inner ring seed sucking hole, 213 an outer ring seed sucking hole, 214 a seed falling port I, 215 a seed guiding pipe fixing ring, 216 an air inlet, 217 a height adjusting rod, 218 an air outlet, 219 an electric air pump, 220 a first fixed threaded hole, 221 a second seed guiding port, 222 a second fixed threaded hole, 223 a first seed guiding port, 224 a second seed falling port, 225 a first spiral seed guiding pipe and 226 a second spiral seed guiding pipe;
ditching earthing device
301 left furrow opener, 302 furrow opener tip, 303 furrow opener soil lifting plate, 304 furrow opener soil breaking curve, 305 soil moisture content detection device, 306 furrow opener soil breaking curve, 307 right furrow opener, 308 left fixed support, 309 miniature lifting motor, 310 third fixed threaded hole, 311 right fixed support, 312 right miniature camera, 313 left miniature camera, 314 shaping soil retaining plate, 315 furrow opener lateral line, 316 left earthing shovel, 317 middle earthing shovel, 318 right earthing shovel, 319 earthing shovel fixed support.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the drawings in conjunction with embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the embodiment of the hilly and mountain area profiling ditching, sowing and earthing device of the invention shown in fig. 1 to 6, the hilly and mountain area profiling ditching, sowing and earthing device comprises a profiling device, a seeding device and a ditching earthing device, wherein the seeding device and the ditching earthing device are arranged on the profiling device.
The profiling device comprises a first connecting rod 101, a profiling spring 102, a second connecting rod 103, a connecting bracket 104, a height fixing bracket 105, a third connecting rod 106, a fourth connecting rod 107, a left transverse bracket 108, a front wheel scraping plate 109, a front wheel 110, a right transverse bracket 111, a fixing plate 112, a rear wheel 113, a rear wheel scraping plate 114, a lifting handle 115, a screw inner sleeve 116, a screw outer sleeve 120 and a height adjusting rotating handle 121;
the profiling device is fixed on a power machine through a connecting bracket 104, a parallelogram profiling mechanism is formed by a first connecting rod 101, a second connecting rod 103, a third connecting rod 106 and a fourth connecting rod 107, all the connecting rods of the profiling mechanism are connected through shafts, a profiling spring 102 is connected between two opposite angles of the profiling mechanism through hooks, a height fixing bracket 105 is connected between the two opposite angles of the profiling mechanism, the fourth connecting rod 107 is welded in the middle of a screw outer sleeve 120, a lifting handle 115 is arranged at the rear ends of the left and right transverse brackets, the fixing position of the lower shaft of the height fixing bracket 105 can be changed by lifting the lifting handle 115, the device is lifted and enters a ground-leaving state, a fixing plate 112 is arranged in the middle of the left and right transverse brackets, the lower side part of the screw outer sleeve 120 is welded with fixing plates 112 at the two sides of the lower side part of the screw outer sleeve, a screw inner sleeve 116 is arranged in the screw outer sleeve 120, a front wheel 110 and a rear wheel 113 are rotatably arranged between the left and right transverse brackets, the front wheel 110 and the rear wheel 113 are correspondingly provided with a front wheel scraper plate 109 and a rear wheel scraper 114 respectively, and the height of the left and right transverse brackets can be lifted or lowered by rotating a height adjusting handle 121 at the upper part.
Preferably, the seed metering device is a double-row seed metering device, the seed sucking disc 205 is provided with an inner circle and an outer circle of seed sucking holes, seeds adsorbed by the outer circle seed sucking holes 213 fall into the first seed receiving port 223, fall from the first seed receiving port 214 through the first spiral seed guiding pipe 225, seeds adsorbed by the inner circle seed sucking holes 212 fall into the second seed receiving port 221, fall from the second seed receiving port 224 through the second spiral seed guiding pipe 226, sowing of two rows of seeds can be completed at one time, the negative pressure cavity 201 is connected with the seed cavity 207 through bolts, the rubber gasket 203, the pressure plate 204 and the seed sucking disc 205 in the seed metering device are tightly attached, the seed scraping regulator 209 and the seed scraping regulator 210 are fixed on the seed scraping regulating disc 208, the seed scraping regulator 208 is fixed on the seed cavity 207 through bolts, and the seed scraping regulator 209 is rotated to regulate the seed scraping angle of the seed scraping regulator 210; the double-screw seed guiding pipe consisting of a first screw seed guiding pipe 225 and a second screw seed guiding pipe 226 is connected below the seed falling port 211 through bolts, the screw pitches of the two screw seed guiding pipes are 15mm, the rotation numbers are 2.5 rotation and 2 rotation respectively, the screw pitches extend outwards in a reverse taper shape at 45 degrees, the distance between the two seed falling ports is 110mm finally, an electric air pump 219 is connected with a left transverse bracket and a right transverse bracket through bolts, five air outlets 218 are arranged at the bottom of the electric air pump 219, the lower part of the electric air pump 219 is connected with a height adjusting rod 217, the height adjusting rod 217 is in five sections, each section is telescopic, each section is provided with an air inlet 216, a plurality of air outlets 218 are respectively connected with the air inlets 216 through hoses, each section of the height adjusting rod 217 is connected with a seed guiding pipe fixing ring 215, and the seed guiding pipe fixing ring 215 fixes the positions of each layer of seed guiding pipes; according to the advancing speed of the power machine, the electric air pump 219 is controlled to respectively adjust the air flow of each air outlet 218, so that the telescopic length of each section of the height adjusting rod 217 is changed, and the seed guide pipe fixing ring 215 connected with each section of the height adjusting rod 217 drives the double-spiral seed guide pipe to change the position, so that the curvature of the double-spiral seed guide pipe is changed, the seed falling time is adjusted, the kinetic energy of seeds in falling is buffered, and the uniformity of seed falling is ensured.
Preferably, the ditching and earthing device comprises a left ditcher, a right ditcher, a left earthing shovel, a middle earthing shovel and a right earthing shovel, wherein the ditcher is positioned at the front part of a seed falling opening of a double-screw seed guide pipe, the front end of the ditcher is a ditcher tip 302, the middle of the ditcher is a ditcher soil breaking curve 304, the bottom of the ditcher is a ditcher soil lifting plate 303, the rear part of the ditcher soil lifting plate is a shaping and retaining plate 314, a soil moisture content detection device 305 is positioned on a ditcher soil breaking curve 306, and left and right miniature cameras are respectively fixed on a left and right ditcher tail cross beam; the left and right furrow openers are respectively connected with the micro lifting motor 309 through a left fixing bracket 308 and a right fixing bracket 311, the micro lifting motor 309 is connected with a left transverse bracket and a right transverse bracket through bolts, the earthing shovel is positioned at the rear part of the double-spiral seed guide pipe, and one of the left, middle and right furrow openers is respectively fixed on the left transverse bracket and the right transverse bracket through an earthing shovel fixing bracket 319; the curvature of the double-spiral seed guide tube is changed, so that a seed dropping port is aligned to the left and right miniature cameras, the left and right miniature cameras can shoot the seed dropping condition of the seed dropping port and transmit the seed dropping condition to the processor, the processor detects and extracts image characteristic points by using a Shi-Tomasi corner detection algorithm, calculates the characteristic points based on a convolutional neural network, selects a proper confidence coefficient threshold value, judges the seeding condition, and performs GPS positioning on the seed dropping point if the seed is dropped normally; if the missing sowing is judged, the middle position is taken according to the front and rear seed dropping points to be positioned; if the sowing is judged to be the rebroadcasting, the middle positions of the rebroadcasting seeds are taken for positioning, then the sowing positions and sowing conditions are recorded, a sowing information diagram of the land is generated after the sowing is finished, and the later-stage targeted complementary sowing, fertilization and pesticide spraying are carried out through the sowing information diagram.
Preferably, the opener soil breaking curve 304 at the joint of the opener soil breaking curved surface 306 is a flagfish head bionic structure, has good streamline shape, can reduce resistance, and has a mathematical curve expression of y=0.0064x2-1.4411 x+ 113.91, wherein x and y are coordinate values in a rectangular coordinate system;
the junction of the opener soil-breaking curved surface 306 and the shaping retaining plate 314 is a opener side line 315, the mathematical expression of which is x2+y2=862 (mm), and in the side line part, the opener soil-breaking curved surface 306 and the shaping retaining plate 314 are smoothly connected;
the shaped retaining plate 314 is wave-shaped with the expression y=1.2 sin (pi/5 x), where: x and y are coordinate values in a rectangular coordinate system, 1.2 represents the fluctuation amplitude of the waveform of the shaping retaining plate 314, and pi/5 represents the angular frequency of the waveform of the shaping retaining plate 314; the shaping retaining plate 314 is designed to be wave-shaped, so that the contact area between the furrow opener and the soil is increased, the formation of furrows is facilitated, the adhesion of the soil can be reduced, and a certain diversion effect is achieved; the plastic retaining plate 314 is inclined outwardly at an angle of 8 ° from the vertical plane.
Preferably, the soil moisture content detecting device 305 is located on the broken curved surface 306 of the furrow opener, the left and right sides are totally 7 from top to bottom, the soil moisture content of different depths can be measured, the measured data are sent to the STM32 singlechip, the STM32 singlechip processes the data after receiving the data, the optimal furrow opening depth is selected according to different seed types, and related signals are sent to the micro lifting motor 309, the micro lifting motor 309 can drive the left and right furrow openers connected with the micro lifting motor to lift according to the signals, the heights of the left and right furrow openers are changed, and finally the purpose of controlling the furrow opening depth of the furrow opener is achieved; the soil moisture content detection device 305 is a hemispherical protrusion, which can destroy the soil structure and reduce the adhesion of soil.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The profiling, ditching, sowing and earthing device for the hilly and mountainous areas is characterized by comprising a profiling device, a seed metering device and a ditching and earthing device, wherein the seed metering device and the ditching and earthing device are arranged on the profiling device;
the profiling device comprises a first connecting rod (101), a profiling spring (102), a second connecting rod (103), a connecting bracket (104), a height fixing bracket (105), a third connecting rod (106), a fourth connecting rod (107), a left transverse bracket (108), a front wheel soil scraping plate (109), a front wheel (110), a right transverse bracket (111), a fixing plate (112), a rear wheel (113), a rear wheel soil scraping plate (114), a handle (115), a screw inner sleeve (116), a screw outer sleeve (120) and a height adjusting rotating handle (121);
the profiling device is fixed on the power machine through a connecting bracket (104), a parallelogram profiling mechanism is formed by a first connecting rod (101), a second connecting rod (103), a third connecting rod (106) and a fourth connecting rod (107), all the connecting rods of the profiling mechanism are connected through shafts, a profiling spring (102) is connected between two opposite angles of the profiling mechanism through hooks, a height fixing bracket (105) is connected between two opposite angles of the profiling mechanism, the fourth connecting rod (107) is welded at the middle part of a screw outer sleeve (120), a handle (115) is arranged at the rear ends of the left and right transverse brackets, the fixed position of the shaft below the height fixing bracket (105) can be changed by lifting the handle (115), the device is lifted to enter a ground leaving state, a fixed plate (112) is arranged in the middle of a left transverse bracket and a right transverse bracket, the lower side part of a screw outer sleeve (120) is welded with the fixed plates (112) on the two sides of the screw outer sleeve, a screw inner sleeve (116) is arranged in the screw outer sleeve (120), the bottom of the screw inner sleeve (116) is connected with the left transverse bracket and the right transverse bracket, a front wheel (110) and a rear wheel (113) are rotatably arranged between the left transverse bracket and the right transverse bracket, the front wheel (110) and the rear wheel (113) are correspondingly provided with a front wheel scraping plate (109) and a rear wheel scraping plate (114) respectively on the side parts, and the screw inner sleeve (116) can be driven to be lifted or lowered by rotating a height adjusting rotating handle (121) on the upper part so as to adjust the left part, right cross brace height.
2. The hilly mountain area profiling furrowing, seeding and earthing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seed metering device is a double-row seed metering device, the seed metering device is provided with an inner circle and an outer circle of seed suction holes, seeds adsorbed by an outer circle of seed suction holes (213) fall into an inoculation opening I (223), seeds adsorbed by an inner circle of seed suction holes (212) fall into an inoculation opening II (221) through a spiral seed guide pipe II (226) and fall into a seed falling opening II (224), sowing of two rows of seeds can be completed at one time, a negative pressure cavity (201) is tightly attached to a seed cavity (207) through a bolt, a rubber gasket (203), a pressure plate (204) and the seed suction plate (205) in the seed metering device are tightly attached, a seed scraping regulator (209) and a seed scraping regulator (210) are fixed on a seed scraping regulating disc (208), the seed scraping regulating disc (208) is fixed on the seed cavity (207) through bolts, and the seed scraping regulator (209) is rotated to adjust the seed scraping angle of the seed scraping regulator (210); the double-screw seed guiding pipe consisting of a first screw seed guiding pipe (225) and a second screw seed guiding pipe (226) is connected below the seed falling port (211) through bolts, the screw pitches of the two screw seed guiding pipes are 15mm, the rotation numbers are 2.5 rotation and 2 rotation respectively, the two screw seed guiding pipes extend outwards in a reverse taper shape at 45 degrees, the distance between the two seed falling ports is 110mm finally, an electric air pump (219) is connected with a left transverse bracket and a right transverse bracket through bolts, five air outlets (218) are formed in the bottom of the electric air pump (219), the lower part of the electric air pump (219) is connected with a height adjusting rod (217), the height adjusting rod (217) has five sections, each section is telescopic, each section is provided with an air inlet (216), a plurality of air outlets (218) are respectively connected with the air inlet (216) through hoses, each section of the height adjusting rod (217) is connected with a seed guiding pipe fixing ring (215), and the seed guiding pipe fixing ring (215) fixes the seed guiding pipe position of each layer; according to the advancing speed of the power machine, the electric air pump (219) is controlled to respectively adjust the air flow of each air outlet (218), so that the telescopic length of each section of the height adjusting rod (217) is changed, and the seed guide pipe fixing ring (215) connected with each section of the height adjusting rod (217) drives the double-spiral seed guide pipe to change the position, so that the curvature of the double-spiral seed guide pipe is changed, the seed falling time is adjusted, the kinetic energy of seeds during falling is buffered, and the uniformity of seed falling is ensured.
3. The hilly mountain area profiling furrowing, seeding and earthing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the ditching and earthing device comprises a left ditcher, a right ditcher and a left middle earthing shovel, wherein the ditcher is positioned at the front part of a seed falling opening of a double-screw seed guide pipe, the front end of the ditcher is provided with a ditcher tip (302), the middle of the ditcher is provided with a ditcher soil breaking curve (304), the bottom of the ditcher is provided with a ditcher soil lifting plate (303), the rear part of the ditcher soil lifting plate is provided with a shaping and soil retaining plate (314), a soil moisture content detection device (305) is positioned on the ditcher soil breaking curve (306), and left and right miniature cameras are respectively fixed on cross beams at the tail parts of the left and right ditchers; the left and right furrow openers are respectively connected with a miniature lifting motor (309) through a left fixing bracket (308) and a right fixing bracket (311), the miniature lifting motor (309) is connected with a left transverse bracket and a right transverse bracket through bolts, the soil covering shovel is positioned at the rear part of the double-spiral seed guide pipe, and one of the left, middle and right furrow openers is fixed on the left transverse bracket and the right transverse bracket through a soil covering shovel fixing bracket (319); the curvature of the double-spiral seed guide tube is changed, so that a seed dropping port is aligned to the left and right miniature cameras, the left and right miniature cameras can shoot the seed dropping condition of the seed dropping port and transmit the seed dropping condition to the processor, the processor detects and extracts image characteristic points by using a Shi-Tomasi corner detection algorithm, calculates the characteristic points based on a convolutional neural network, selects a proper confidence coefficient threshold value, judges the seeding condition, and performs GPS positioning on the seed dropping point if the seed is dropped normally; if the missing sowing is judged, the middle position is taken according to the front and rear seed dropping points to be positioned; if the sowing is judged to be the rebroadcasting, the middle positions of the rebroadcasting seeds are taken for positioning, then the sowing positions and sowing conditions are recorded, a sowing information diagram of the land is generated after the sowing is finished, and the later-stage targeted complementary sowing, fertilization and pesticide spraying are carried out through the sowing information diagram.
4. The hilly mountain area profiling furrowing, seeding and earthing device according to claim 3, wherein: the opener soil breaking curve (304) at the joint of the opener soil breaking curves (306) is of a flagfish head bionic structure, has good streamline shape, can reduce resistance, and has a mathematical curve expression of y=0.0064x 2 1.4411 x+ 113.91, where x and y are both coordinate values in a rectangular coordinate system; the joint of the opener soil breaking curved surface (306) and the shaping retaining plate (314) is an opener lateral line (315)The mathematical expression is x 2 +y 2 862 (mm), in the side line part, the opener ground breaking curved surface (306) is smoothly connected with the shaping retaining plate (314); the shaped retaining plate (314) is wave-shaped with the expression y=1.2 sin (pi/5 x), wherein: x and y are coordinate values in a rectangular coordinate system, 1.2 represents the fluctuation amplitude of the waveform of the shaping retaining plate (314), and pi/5 represents the angular frequency of the waveform of the shaping retaining plate (314); the shaping retaining plate (314) is designed to be wave-shaped, so that the contact area between the furrow opener and the soil is increased, the formation of furrows is facilitated, the adhesion of the soil can be reduced, and a certain diversion effect is achieved; the plastic retaining plate (314) is outwardly inclined at an angle of 8 ° to the vertical plane.
5. The hilly mountain area profiling furrowing, seeding and earthing device according to claim 4, wherein: the soil moisture content detection device (305) is positioned on a soil breaking curved surface (306) of the furrow opener, the left and right sides are provided with 7 pieces from top to bottom, the soil moisture content of different depths can be measured, the measured data are sent to the STM32 singlechip, the STM32 singlechip can process the data after receiving the data, the optimal furrow opening depth is selected according to different seed types, and related signals are sent to the miniature lifting motor (309), the miniature lifting motor (309) can drive the left and right furrow openers connected with the miniature lifting motor to lift according to the signals, the heights of the left and right furrow openers are changed, and finally the purpose of controlling the furrow opening depth of the furrow opener is achieved; the soil moisture content detection device (305) is hemispherical convex, so that the soil structure can be destroyed, and the adhesion of soil is reduced.
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