CN107333477B

CN107333477B - Wheat narrow row line tillage planter

Info

Publication number: CN107333477B
Application number: CN201710753043.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王志敏; 高清海
Original assignee: China Agricultural University
Current assignee: China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2017-08-29
Filing date: 2017-08-29
Publication date: 2023-06-09
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-29
Also published as: CN107333477A

Abstract

The invention relates to a wheat narrow row line tillage planter, which comprises a tractor, a rack connected to the rear end of the tractor by means of a suspension frame, and a rotary tillage mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a sowing mechanism and a pressing mechanism which are sequentially arranged on the rack from front to back, wherein the rotary tillage mechanism comprises a cutter shaft and a group of line tillage devices transversely arranged on the cutter shaft, the line tillage devices comprise fixed discs and line tillage cutter groups respectively arranged on two sides of the fixed discs, the line tillage cutters are plate-shaped with wide inner ends and narrow outer ends, seed outlets of the sowing mechanism are in front-back one-to-one correspondence with the line tillage cutter groups, layered fertilizing pipes and single-layer fertilizing pipes are arranged in the fertilizing mechanism to respectively match with two groups of sowing rows, pressing rollers are arranged on the pressing mechanism, annular protrusions which are in one-to-one correspondence with the sowing rows are arranged on each pressing roller, spacing grooves are arranged between the pressing rollers, and the planter is used for sowing the wheat sowing in the non-tillage narrow rows, and has good water retaining effect, thereby being beneficial to reducing wheat competition and improving wheat yield.

Description

Wheat narrow row line tillage planter

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a wheat narrow row line tillage planter.

Background

The wheat no-tillage planter is an important implement in the implementation process of the protective tillage mechanized technique, and the implement operation has less soil movement and less soil moisture volatilization. The machine can complete multiple procedures of ditching, fertilizing, seeding, earthing, compacting and the like by entering the ground once, thereby saving labor and time, fertilizer and oil, increasing yield and income and protecting environment. In order to prevent the congestion, the conventional wheat no-tillage planter adopts a traditional wide-row planter, so that the sowing amount of wheat per mu is large, the planting distance is dense, the cultivated land space is utilized unevenly, the wheat grows crowded, strong seedlings before winter are seriously affected, and the wheat no-tillage planter also becomes one of barriers for improving the yield.

In order to improve the utilization rate of the growth space of wheat, the requirement of 'no increase of rows and seeds' is provided in the aspect of agriculture, the distribution of wheat seeds in the field is changed, the soil space can be effectively utilized, and the wheat tillering is promoted, so that the wheat yield is improved, and the existing no-tillage planter cannot realize the requirement of 'no increase of rows and seeds'. The seeder capable of meeting the requirement of 'no grain increase during row increase' needs to operate after rotary tillage soil preparation, soil among wheat rows is turned during rotary tillage soil preparation, soil moisture content is damaged greatly, moisture is not beneficial to maintenance, wheat is used as a high-consumption water crop, seeding in the mode can seriously influence sprouting of the wheat and generation of strong seedlings, and therefore research and development of the no-tillage seeder under narrow-row seeding are very necessary.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides the wheat narrow-row line tillage planter which can realize narrow-row sowing under the condition that soil does not need to be turned over on a large scale, so that the moisture of tillage soil is saved to the maximum extent, the moisture requirement of wheat is met, and the narrow-row and close-row sowing under the condition of preserving the soil moisture of the wheat is truly realized.

The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the utility model provides a wheat narrow row line seeder, includes the tractor, connects in the frame of tractor rear end and from front to back in proper order rotary tillage mechanism, fertilizing mechanism, sowing mechanism and suppression mechanism in the frame, the key point is, rotary tillage mechanism include arbor and a set of line device of ploughing on the arbor of transverse arrangement, line device includes the fixed disk and sets up the line knife tackle in its both sides respectively, two line knife tackles are distributed on the terminal surface of fixed disk both sides along the hoop respectively and the line knife tackle in two sets staggers each other, the line knife is the platy that the inner is wide and the outer end is narrow, the thickness of line knife is 2-8mm, the interval distance of line device is 8-12cm, the width of line device is 5-10cm, the depth of work of line device is not less than 5cm, sowing mechanism be provided with a set of seed outlet of transverse arrangement, seed outlet and line knife tackle front and back correspond one by one and set up.

The pressing mechanism is a pressing roller with a group of pressing rollers arranged on the surface, the pressing rollers and the pressing roller are of an integrated structure, a spacing groove is formed between the pressing rollers, two annular protrusions are arranged on the outer circumference of each pressing roller along the edges of two sides, grooves are formed between the two annular protrusions, the pressing rollers and the line tillage device are arranged in a front-back one-to-one correspondence mode, the width of the pressing rollers is the same, and the width of the annular protrusions is 1.5-2.5cm.

The sowing mechanism comprises a seed box on a frame, and a seed sowing device and seed conveying pipes which are sequentially arranged at the lower end of the seed box, wherein the upper end of each seed conveying pipe is connected with the output end of the seed sowing device, the lower end of each seed conveying pipe is provided with a seed outlet, the front end of the sowing mechanism is provided with a furrow opener, the furrow openers are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner with the wire tillage devices, the seed conveying pipes are in a group of two groups, each group of seed conveying pipes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner with the furrow opener, and the seed outlets of the two seed conveying pipes are respectively positioned above the rear ends of the furrow openers; the fertilizer applying mechanism comprises a fertilizer box on a frame, and a fertilizer distributor and a fertilizer pipe which are sequentially arranged at the lower end of the fertilizer box, wherein the input end of the fertilizer pipe is connected with the output end of the fertilizer distributor, and the output end of the fertilizer pipe is arranged in front of and behind the furrow opener in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

The three fertilizer delivery pipes are in a group, in each group, the output ends of the middle fertilizer delivery pipe are connected with layered fertilizer delivery pipes, the output ends of the fertilizer delivery pipes at two sides are connected with single-layer fertilizer delivery pipes, and the layered fertilizer delivery pipes and the single-layer fertilizer delivery pipes are fixedly connected with the rear ends of the furrow openers; the furrow opener is in a shape that the lower end is bent forwards, the lower end is a cutting edge, the layered fertilization tube is also in a shape that the lower end is bent forwards, a group of fertilizer outlet holes are arranged at intervals from top to bottom on the rear side of the layered fertilization tube, guide channels are connected to the outside of the fertilizer outlet holes, and layered fertilization units for fertilizers are formed at the output ends of the guide channels corresponding to all the fertilizer outlet holes; the working depth of the layered fertilization unit formed by the output ends of the guide channels is 8-25cm, the working depth of the output ends of the single-layer fertilization pipes is 6-10cm, and the working depth of the furrow opener is not less than 25cm.

Shallow loosening ditching shovels corresponding to the front and rear of the seed outlets on the two sides of the ditcher are arranged on the two sides of the ditcher, wing shovels are arranged on the outer sides of the shallow loosening ditching shovels, the front end and the rear end of each wing shovel sink and the middle of each wing shovel is in a plate shape with a raised middle, and the rear end of each wing shovel extends to the rear upper part of the seed outlet; the working depth of the shallow loosening ditching shovel is not less than 10cm, and the working depth of the front end of the wing shovel is not less than 5cm.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the rotary tillage mechanism in the seeder is improved into a structure of a group of wire tillage devices, the wire tillage devices are arranged at intervals to adapt to the seeding mode of narrow-row seeding, the narrow-row seeding wheat rows form closely-spaced seeding, the wheat competition pressure of the same seeding row is small, the growth is uniform, the wide row spacing among the rows is reduced, moisture and nutrients in soil at the interval between the seeding rows can be fully utilized, the growth vigor and yield of the wheat can be improved, the wire tillage devices adopt plate-type wire tillage cutters to perform wire tillage of the seeding rows, the moisture evaporation loss caused by large-area ploughing soil is avoided, annular protrusions and grooves in the pressing mechanism are matched to form the shape of low-side high-side soil ridges of the wheat, the soil ridges on the two sides provide more absorption spaces for moisture and nutrients of the wheat, and after rainfall or irrigation, the moisture storage and collection area is formed at the wheat seeding rows, the moisture and nutrients in the soil moisture in the wheat seeding rows can be saved, the wheat can be remarkably improved by using the seeder in the invention, the time of the wheat in the growth period can be remarkably reduced, and the fertilizer supplementing yield can be remarkably improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the planter of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the layered fertilization tube in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the press mechanism according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a layout of seeds and fertilizer after operation of the planter of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of two seed pipes corresponding to one furrow opener in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

In the drawings, 1, a hanging frame, 2, a frame, 3, a cutter shaft, 301, a fixed disc, 302, a line tillage cutter, 4, a seed outlet, 501, a spacing groove, 502, an annular bulge, 503, a groove, 6, a seed box, 601, a seed conveying pipe, 7, a furrow opener, 701, a cutting edge, 702, a wing shovel, 703, a shallow loosening furrow shovel, 8, a fertilizer box, 802, a layered fertilization pipe, 803, a single-layer fertilization pipe, 804, a guide channel, 9, seeds, 10, a single-layer fertilization line, 11 and a layered fertilization line.

Detailed Description

The invention relates to a wheat narrow-row line tillage planter, which comprises a tractor, a frame 2 connected to the rear end of the tractor by a suspension bracket 1, and a rotary tillage mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a sowing mechanism and a pressing mechanism which are sequentially arranged on the frame 2 from front to back, wherein the rotary tillage mechanism comprises a cutter shaft 3 and a group of line tillage devices transversely arranged on the cutter shaft 3, each line tillage device comprises a fixed disc 301 and line tillage cutter groups respectively arranged on two sides of the fixed disc, the two line tillage cutter groups are respectively distributed on the end surfaces of the two sides of the fixed disc in the circumferential direction and are staggered with each other, the line tillage cutters 302 are plate-shaped with wide inner ends and narrow outer ends, the thickness of the line tillage cutters 302 is 2-8mm, the interval distance of the line tillage devices is 8-12cm, the width of the line tillage devices is 5-10cm, the working depth of the line tillage devices is not less than 5cm, each sowing mechanism is provided with a group of seed outlet 4 transversely arranged, and the seed outlet 4 and the line tillage cutter groups are correspondingly arranged from front to back.

In particular embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the tractor is lifted by means of the suspension bracket 1, when the seeder is not required to perform work, the frame 2 is lifted off the ground together with the mechanism mounted thereon, when the seeder is required to perform wheat sowing, the seeder is moved into a sowing field, the frame is lowered by means of the suspension bracket 1, and then sequential work of line tillage, fertilization, sowing and compacting is performed.

Each line tillage device corresponds to two groups of line tillage cutters 302, the width of each line tillage cutter 302 is 5mm, one soil loosening row is formed after each group of line tillage cutters 302 work, the spacing distance of the line tillage devices is 10cm, the width of the line tillage devices is 10cm, and the working depth of the line tillage devices is 8cm;

the seeding mechanism comprises a seed box 6 on a frame 2, and a seed sowing device and seed conveying pipes 601 which are sequentially arranged at the lower end of the seed box, wherein the upper end of each seed conveying pipe 601 is connected with the output end of the seed sowing device, the lower end of each seed conveying pipe is provided with a seed outlet 4, the front end of the seeding mechanism is provided with a furrow opener 7, the furrow openers 7 are arranged in front-back correspondence with a line tillage device, the width of each furrow opener 7 is smaller than the interval between two line tillage knife groups, the seed conveying pipes 601 are arranged in pairs, each group of seed conveying pipes 601 is arranged in front-back correspondence with the furrow openers 7, each seed conveying pipe 601 is connected with one seed sowing device, the seed outlets of the two seed conveying pipes 601 are respectively positioned above the rear end of the furrow opener 7, as shown in fig. 5, the front-back ends of the two seed conveying pipes 601 are respectively bent to two sides, an inverted Y-shaped structure is formed, seeds 9 in the two seed outlet 4 fall down to form seeding rows in the loose soil rows, the interval between the two seeding rows is 10cm, the width between the groups is 10cm, and the two rows are 6cm in the wheat sowing rows are closely spaced;

the fertilizing mechanism comprises a fertilizer box 8 on a frame 2, and a fertilizer device and fertilizer delivery pipes which are sequentially arranged at the lower end of the fertilizer box, wherein the input end of each fertilizer delivery pipe is connected with the output end of the fertilizer device, the fertilizer device and the fertilizer delivery pipes are transversely and uniformly distributed, the output end of each fertilizer delivery pipe is arranged in front-back one-to-one correspondence with one furrow opener 7, three fertilizer delivery pipes are in a group, in each group, the output end of each middle fertilizer delivery pipe is connected with a layered fertilizing pipe 802, the output ends of the fertilizer delivery pipes at two sides are connected with single-layer fertilizing pipes 803, and the layered fertilizing pipes 802 and the single-layer fertilizing pipes 803 are fixedly connected with the rear ends of the furrow openers 7; the furrow opener 7 is in a shape that the lower end is bent forwards, the lower end is a cutting edge 701, the working depth of the furrow opener 7 is 30cm, the layered fertilization tube 802 is also in a shape that the lower end is bent forwards, a group of fertilizer outlet holes which are arranged at intervals from top to bottom are arranged at the rear side of the layered fertilization tube 802, the outside of each fertilizer outlet hole is connected with a guide passage 804, as shown in figure 2, the guide passages 804 are cavities with two open ends and are perpendicular to the rear end surface of the layered fertilization tube 802, all the guide passages 804 are sequentially shortened from top to bottom, the output ends of all the guide passages 804 are positioned at different depths in soil, fertilizer enters the layered fertilization tube 802 after passing through the fertilizer delivery tube, is then output from the guide passages 804, layered fertilization rows are formed in the soil between sowing rows at two sides of each furrow opener 7, the depth of the layered fertilization rows is 8-25cm, the working depth of the output end of the single-layer fertilization tube 803 is 8cm, A single-layer fertilization tube 803 forms a single-layer fertilization line between sowing lines at two sides of the corresponding furrow opener 7, after fertilization operation, a layered fertilization line and a fertilization structure of a horizontal circulation unit of the single-layer fertilization line at two sides thereof are formed, as shown in figure 4, the single-layer fertilization line and the layered fertilization line correspond to two looseness lines formed by a line tillage knife group in a line tillage device, namely the two sowing lines after operation of a sowing mechanism, the single-layer fertilization line and the fertilizer at the upper part of the layered fertilization line provide nutrients required for the early growth stage for the wheat sowing lines, and the fertilizer at the lower part of the layered fertilization lines arranged at intervals can provide nutrients for the late growth stage of the wheat, can promote the root system growth of the wheat to be rooted at a deep depth and two sides at a long distance, can have good lodging resistance and deep soil moisture absorption capability, can obviously promote the growth vigor of wheat.

In order to realize better soil coverage of the sown seeds, shallow loosening ditch spades 703 corresponding to the front and rear of the seed outlets on the two sides of the furrow opener 7 are also arranged on the two sides of the furrow opener, wing spades 702 are arranged on the outer sides of the shallow loosening ditch spades 703, the wing spades 702 are plate-shaped with the front and rear ends sinking and the middle rising, and the rear ends extend to the rear upper part of the seed outlets; the working depth of the shallow loosening ditching shovel 703 is 12cm, the working depth of the front end of the wing shovel 702 is 8cm, the front end of the wing shovel 702 is used for shoveling the soil with the depth of 8cm, the shoveled soil is conveyed to the rear end of the wing shovel 702 along the upper surface of the wing shovel 702, and the soil is covered on sowing rows formed by the corresponding seed conveying pipes 601 on two sides of the ditcher.

The soil moisture conservation needs to be carried out after sowing, the soil pressing mechanism is a soil pressing roller with a group of soil pressing rollers arranged on the surface, the soil pressing rollers and the soil pressing rollers are of an integrated structure, a spacing groove 501 is arranged between the soil pressing rollers, two annular bulges 502 are arranged on the outer circumference of the soil pressing rollers along the edges of the two sides, grooves 503 are arranged between the two annular bulges 502, the soil pressing rollers and the line tillage device are arranged in a front-back one-to-one correspondence mode and have the same width, the width of the annular bulges 502 is 2cm, the annular bulges 502 roll sowing rows, ravines are formed at sowing positions, soil ridges formed after the grooves 503 roll are formed between the two sowing rows on the two sides of the same furrow opener, soil ridges formed after the rolling of the spacing groove 501 are formed outside the two soil ridges, more moisture and nutrient absorption and initial growth of wheat are provided for the wheat, meanwhile, ravines at the sowing positions of the wheat can also form a gathering area after precipitation or irrigation, the wheat sowing positions are most abundant, and the wheat sowing positions are favorable to the improvement of the moisture and the moisture yield of the wheat sowing positions in the soil is at a low-level stage and a low-moisture yield stage, and a low-water yield stage is favorable to the growth stage.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a wheat narrow row line seeder, includes the tractor, is connected in frame (2) of tractor rear end with the help of mounted frame (1) and set gradually rotary tillage mechanism, fertilizing mechanism, sowing mechanism and suppression mechanism on frame (2) from front to back, its characterized in that: the rotary tillage mechanism comprises a cutter shaft (3) and a group of line tillage devices transversely arranged on the cutter shaft (3), the line tillage devices comprise a fixed disc (301) and line tillage cutter groups respectively arranged on two sides of the fixed disc, the two line tillage cutter groups are respectively distributed on two side end faces of the fixed disc (301) along the annular direction, line tillage cutters (302) in the two groups are mutually staggered, the line tillage cutters (302) are plate-shaped with wide inner ends and narrow outer ends, the thickness of the line tillage cutters (302) is 2-8mm, the interval distance of the line tillage devices is 8-12cm, the width of the line tillage devices is 5-10cm, the working depth of the line tillage devices is not less than 5cm, the seeding mechanism is provided with a group of seed outlets (4) transversely arranged in parallel, the seed outlet (4) is arranged in front-back one-to-one correspondence with the wire tillage knife group, the pressing mechanism is a pressing roller with a group of pressing wheels arranged on the surface, the pressing wheels and the pressing roller are of an integrated structure, a spacing groove (501) is arranged between the pressing wheels, two annular bulges (502) are arranged on the outer circumference of the pressing wheels along the edges of two sides, a groove (503) is arranged between the two annular bulges (502), the pressing wheels are arranged in front-back one-to-one correspondence with the wire tillage device and have the same width, the width of the annular bulges (502) is 1.5 cm to 2.5cm, the sowing mechanism comprises a seed box (6) on a frame (2) and a seed sowing device and a seed transmission tube (601) which are sequentially arranged at the lower end of the seed box, the upper end of the seed transmission tube (601) is connected with the output end of the seed sowing device, the lower end is the seed outlet (4), the front end of the sowing mechanism is provided with furrow openers (7), the furrow openers (7) are arranged in front-back one-to-one correspondence with the line tillage device, the seed conveying pipes (601) are in a group, each group of seed conveying pipes (601) are arranged in front-back one-to-one correspondence with the furrow openers (7), and seed outlets (4) of the two seed conveying pipes are respectively positioned above the rear ends of the furrow openers (7); the fertilizer applying mechanism comprises a fertilizer box (8) on a frame (2), and a fertilizer distributor and a fertilizer pipe which are sequentially arranged at the lower end of the fertilizer box, wherein the input end of the fertilizer pipe is connected with the output end of the fertilizer distributor, the output end of the fertilizer pipe is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the furrow opener (7),

the three fertilizer delivery pipes are in a group, in each group, the output ends of the middle fertilizer delivery pipe are connected with layered fertilizer delivery pipes (802), the output ends of the fertilizer delivery pipes at two sides are connected with single-layer fertilizer delivery pipes (803), and the layered fertilizer delivery pipes (802) and the single-layer fertilizer delivery pipes (803) are fixedly connected with the rear ends of the furrow openers (7); the furrow opener (7) is in a shape that the lower end is bent forwards, the lower end is a cutting edge (701), the layered fertilization tube (802) is also in a shape that the lower end is bent forwards, a group of fertilizer outlet holes which are arranged at intervals from top to bottom are arranged at the rear side of the layered fertilization tube (802), guide channels (804) are connected to the outside of the fertilizer outlet holes, and layered fertilization units for fertilizers are formed at the output ends of the guide channels (804) corresponding to all the fertilizer outlet holes; the working depth of the layered fertilization unit formed by the output end of the guide channel (804) is 8-25cm, the working depth of the output end of the single-layer fertilization pipe (803) is 6-10cm, and the working depth of the furrow opener (7) is not less than 25cm.

2. A wheat narrow row line planter in accordance with claim 1 wherein: shallow loosening groove spades (703) corresponding to the seed outlets on the two sides of the furrow opener (7) are arranged on the two sides of the furrow opener, wing spades (702) are arranged on the outer sides of the shallow loosening groove spades (703), the wing spades (702) are plate-shaped with the front end and the rear end sinking and the middle rising, and the rear end extends to the rear upper side of the seed outlet (4); the working depth of the shallow loosening ditch shovel (703) is not less than 10cm, and the working depth of the front end of the wing shovel (702) is not less than 5cm.