CN116904871B - 一种hb400级高韧性耐磨钢及生产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种HB400级高韧性耐磨钢,其组分及wt%:C:0.10~0.18%,Mn:0.2~1.3%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.010%,Als:0.03~0.06%,Nb:0.010~0.02%,Ti:0.005~0.02%,Si:≤0.020%或B:≤0.003%或两者以任意比例的复合添加;生产方法:常规冶炼并浇铸成坯;对铸坯加热后热轧;卷取后连续开卷并淬火;高速冷却;按定尺横切后回火;自然冷却至室温。本发明在保证产品硬度HB不低于400、屈服强度不低于930MPa、抗拉强度不低于1100MPa、延伸率不低于10%前提下,‑40℃冲击功不低于50J,且组分简单、生产成本可降低至少2%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机械工程用耐磨钢及生产方法,具体属于一种适于-40℃环境使用的HB400级高韧性耐磨钢及方法。
背景技术
低合金高强度耐磨钢应用于冶金、矿山、建材、铁路、电力、煤炭等机械装备中,随着国家重大战略的深入推进,商用车、工程机械等下游行业对于耐磨钢需求量与日俱增,然而,当前耐磨钢-40℃低温韧性只能达到10~20J水平,难以满足低温环境应用要求。
由于耐磨钢主要采用组织强化来保证组织和性能,马氏体强度高,淬火后原始奥氏体晶粒粗大,导致耐磨钢强度通常虽高达1200MPa~1400MPa级别,但低温回火后的韧性较差,强韧性难以同时满足。
中国专利公开号为CN102605234A的文献,公开了《一种耐磨钢板及其制造方法》,其成分重量百分比为:C:0.08-0.24%、Si:0.10-0.30%、Mn:0.70-1.70%、P:≤0.050%、S:≤0.030%、Cr:≤1.00%、Mo:≤0.60%、Al:0.01-0.10%、B:0.0005-0.0040%、Ti:0.005-0.06%,且满足:0.15≤Cr+Mo≤1.20%,0.011%≤Al+Ti≤0.15%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。采用铸造-控轧-调质热处理工艺生产,性能优良,适用于制造工程机械中易磨损设备,不足之处在于其低温韧性,一般只能达到10~20J水平,如应用于-40℃低温环境下,会产生开裂的风险。
可见,现有耐磨钢存在低温韧性差易开裂等技术问题,因此有必要重新设计成分、工艺,提高产品质量和生产效率。
发明内容
本发明在于克服现有技术存在的不足,提供一种在保证产品硬度HB不低于400、屈服强度不低于930MPa、抗拉强度不低于1100MPa、延伸率不低于10%前提下,-40℃冲击功不低于50J,且组分简单、生产成本可降低至少2%的采用CSP生产的HB400级高韧性耐磨钢及生产方法。
实现上述目的的措施:
一种HB400级高韧性耐磨钢,其组分及重量百分比含量为:C:0.10~0.18%,Mn:0.2~1.3%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.010%,Als:0.03~0.06%,Nb:0.010~0.02%,Ti:0.005~0.02%,Si:≤0.020%或B:≤0.003%或两者以任意比例的复合添加,其余为Fe及杂质。
优选地:Si的重量百分比含量在0.015~0.16%。
优选地:Ti的重量百分比含量为0.005~0.013%。
优选地:Als的重量百分比含量为0.035~0.05%。
优选地::B的重量百分比含量为0.001~0.0026%。
一种HB400级高韧性耐磨钢的生产方法,其步骤:
1)常规冶炼并浇铸成坯,其间,在冶炼过程中,采用加入稀土方式对夹杂物进行改性;
控制铸坯厚度在40~80mm;
2)对铸坯常规加热后进行热轧,控制终轧温度FT7在800~830℃,卷取温度CT在550~580℃;
3)经常规卷取后连续开卷并进行淬火,控制淬火温度在850~950℃,控制淬火时间在5~10分钟;
4)进行高速冷却,在冷却速度为50~100℃/s下冷却至50~150℃;
5)按定尺横切后进行回火,控制回火温度在200~240℃,回火时间在30~100min;
6)自然冷却至室温。
优选地:淬火温度在863~935℃。
优选地:在冷却速度为58~93℃/s下冷却至57~138℃。
优选地:回火温度在205~233℃,回火时间在36~75min。
本发明中各元素及主要工艺的作用及机理
C:C是提高材料强度最廉价的元素,随着含碳量增加,硬度、强度提高,但塑韧性和焊接性能降低。综合考虑,C重量百分含量为0.10~0.18%即可。
Si:Si能降低碳在铁素体中的扩散速度,促进铁素体形成,也会恶化表面质量。综合考虑,Si重量百分含量为0~0.2%为宜。
Mn:Mn能显著降低Ar1温度、奥氏体分解速度,提高过冷奥氏体稳定性,促进奥氏体释放应力,增加最终组织中的残奥含量,提高冷弯性能,但Mn含量若太高,会增加回火脆性,导致严重中心偏析,综合考虑,Mn重量百分含量为0.2~1.3%为宜。
Als:Als在钢中可脱氧,降低夹杂物含量,也能起到细化晶粒的作用,综合考虑,Als在0.03~0.06%。
Nb:Nb在钢中与C、N具有极强的亲和力,形成稳定的Nb(C,N)化合物,在控制轧制过程中诱导析出,沿奥氏体晶界弥散分布,作为相变的形核质点,可有效阻止再结晶,提高铁素体形核率,对细化晶粒作用显著,综合考虑,Nb重量百分含量为0.010~0.02%为宜。
Ti:Ti在钢的凝固过程中能与N结合生成稳定的TiN,可强烈阻碍奥氏体晶界迁移,从而细化奥氏体晶粒。综合考虑,Ti重量百分含量为0.005~0.02%为宜。
B:钢中加入微量的B可极大提高淬透性,但B过多时,易在晶界富集,会降低晶界结合能,使钢板受到冲击载荷时更倾向于沿晶断裂,降低钢板的低温冲击功,因此,本发明中B的加入量为≤0.0003%。
P、S:P、S是钢中有害的杂质元素,钢中P易在钢中形成偏析,降低钢的韧性和焊接性能,S易形成塑性硫化物,使钢板产生分层,恶化钢板性能,故P、S含量越低越好,综合考虑,将钢的P、S含量为0.005%≤P≤0.020%,S≤0.010%。P含量不小于0.005%的原因在于与Cu配合,可进一步提高抗大气腐蚀性能。
本发明之所以控制终轧温度FT7在800~830℃,是由于当终轧温度较高时,易引起晶粒粗大,在较低的终轧温度时,有利于轧制过程中的晶粒细化,而当终轧温度低于800℃时,
容易造成混晶,影响最终组织和性能。
本发明之所以控制卷取温度CT在550℃~580℃,是由于钢卷厚度较薄,当卷取温度低于550℃时,难以抵抗热应力,恶化钢板板形和卷形,当卷取温度高于580℃时,冷却阶段的冷却速度不够,奥氏体晶粒粗大,对于成品的性能也有不利影响。
本发明之所以控制淬火温度在850~950℃,优选地淬火温度在863~935℃控制淬火,是由于当淬火温度低于850℃时,钢板不能完全奥氏体化,钢板会出现混晶组织,影响成品钢板的组织、性能均匀性,当淬火温度高于950℃时,原始奥氏体晶粒粗大,转变成马氏体后,板条尺寸大,韧性受到严重影响。
本发明之所以控制在冷却速度为50~100℃/s下冷却至50~150℃,优选地在冷却速度为58~93℃/s下冷却至57~138℃,是由于在此工艺下,能够防止奥氏体在冷却过程中长大,同时在冷却过程中,急冷至马氏体区域,得到均匀细小的马氏体组织。另外,冷却至50~150℃时,有利于残余奥氏体的稳定化,保证最终韧性的提升。
本发明之所以控制控制回火温度在200~240℃,回火时间30~100分钟,优选地回火温度在205~233℃,回火时间在36~75min是由于当回火温度低于200℃或回火时间低于30min,回火效果不佳,对于板形和内应力的改善能力弱,当回火温度高于240℃或回火时间高于100min,马氏体中过饱和的碳易析出,固溶度下降,强度和硬度的影响较大,性能不合的风险较大。
本发明与现有技术相比,本发明在保证产品硬度HB不低于400、屈服强度不低于930MPa、抗拉强度不低于1100MPa、延伸率不低于10%前提下,-40℃冲击功不低于50J,且组分简单、生产成本可降低至少2%。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明予以详细描述:
表1为本发明各实施例及对比例的化学成分列表;
表2为本发明各实施例及对比例的主要工艺参数列表;
表3为本发明各实施例及对比例的性能检测情况列表。
本发明各实施例按照以下步骤生产
1)常规冶炼并浇铸成坯,其间,在冶炼过程中,采用加入稀土方式对夹杂物进行改性;控制铸坯厚度在40~80mm;
2)对铸坯常规加热后进行热轧,控制终轧温度FT7在800~830℃,卷取温度CT在550~580℃;
3)经常规卷取后连续开卷并进行淬火,控制淬火温度在850~950℃,控制淬火时间在5~10分钟;
4)进行高速冷却,在冷却速度为50~100℃/s下冷却至50~150℃;
5)按定尺横切后进行回火,控制回火温度在200~240℃,回火时间在30~100min;
6)自然冷却至室温。
表1本发明各实施例及对比例的化学成分列表(wt%)
表2本发明各实施例及对比例的主要工艺参数列表
表3本发明各实施例及对比例的力学性能检测结果列表
从表3可以看出,本专利在成分设计更简单,合金含量更低的情况下,通过工艺创新,在强度不降低的情况下,低温韧性较传统工艺耐磨钢实现了本质提升,达到了对比工艺性能的1.5~2倍的水平。
本具体实施方式仅为最佳例举,并非对本发明技术方案的限制性实施。
Claims (8)
1.生产一种HB400级高韧性耐磨钢的方法,其步骤:
1)常规冶炼并浇铸成坯,其间,在冶炼过程中,采用加入稀土方式对夹杂物进行改性;
控制铸坯厚度在40~80mm;
2)对铸坯常规加热后进行热轧,控制终轧温度FT7在800~830℃,卷取温度CT在550~580℃控制;
3)经常规卷取后连续开卷并进行淬火,控制淬火温度在850~950℃,控制淬火时间在5~10分钟;
4)进行高速冷却,在冷却速度为50~100℃/s下冷却至50~150℃;
5)按定尺横切后进行回火,控制回火温度在200~240℃,回火时间在30~100min;
6)自然冷却至室温;
所述HB400级高韧性耐磨钢,其组分及重量百分比含量为:C:0.10~0.18%,Mn:0.2~1.3%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.010%,Als:0.03~0.06%,Nb:0.010~0.02%,Ti:0.005~0.02%,Si:≤0.020%或B:≤0.003%或两者以任意比例的复合添加,其余为Fe及杂质。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种HB400级高韧性耐磨钢的生产方法,其特征在于:淬火温度在863~935℃。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种HB400级高韧性耐磨钢的生产方法,其特征在于:在冷却速度为58~93℃/s下冷却至57~138℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种HB400级高韧性耐磨钢的生产方法,其特征在于:回火温度在205~233℃,回火时间在36~75min。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种HB400级高韧性耐磨钢的生产方法,其特征在于:Si的重量百分比含量在0.015~0.16%。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种HB400级高韧性耐磨钢的生产方法,其特征在于:Ti的重量百分比含量为0.005~0.013%。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种HB400级高韧性耐磨钢的生产方法,其特征在于:Als的重量百分比含量为0.035~0.05%。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种HB400级高韧性耐磨钢的生产方法,其特征在于:B的重量百分比含量为0.001~0.0026%。
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