CN116746454B - Artificial simulation soil for floating city and preparation method - Google Patents
Artificial simulation soil for floating city and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- 201000008827 tuberculosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses artificial simulation soil for floating cities and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of artificial simulation soil and preparation thereof. The raw materials comprise, by weight: 200-400 parts of deep sea mining soil, 200-400 parts of humus powder, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 30-50 parts of biochar, 100-300 parts of benthic powder raw materials, 20-60 parts of organic fertilizer, 1-3 parts of microbial composite microbial inoculum and 300-1000 parts of distilled water. The invention utilizes the synergistic collocation of various raw materials to reform the physical and chemical properties of the soil of the deep sea mining soil, so that the deep sea mining soil has the characteristics of water retention and fertilizer retention, improves the capability of the soil for resisting the loss of organic microorganisms, fixes the root systems of vegetation, and improves the resistance of the vegetation to diseases and insect pests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial simulation soil and preparation thereof, in particular to artificial simulation soil for floating cities and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of social economy, the contradiction between the demand of China for land resources and the insufficient land area is increasingly prominent, and coastal areas have to project the vision of space development to the ocean. The large-scale land reclamation is huge, the marine environment quality is deteriorated, the marine natural ecological balance is seriously damaged, the marine organism reproduction environment is influenced, and the problems of reduced marine space, sharp biodiversity and the like can be directly caused. In order to cope with climate change and create sustainable life, a study plan is provided for constructing a floating city, and the soil required for planting vegetables in the floating city is different from land, so that an artificial simulation soil suitable for the floating city is required.
When the deep sea mining is used for collecting the tuberculosis, the deep sea mining soil can be lifted to the sea surface or discharged to the bottom of the sea together with the tuberculosis. With the progress of deep sea mining, the mass production of deep sea mining earth also jeopardizes the marine environment and ecology. Research has shown that these discharged deep sea mining soils can create plumes and irreversible damage to marine organisms. In particular, deep sea mining soils have the following characteristics that are detrimental to vegetation planting:
the deep sea mining soil has higher water content and is not suitable for vegetation planting at all; the deep sea mining soil has lower organic matter content and weaker holding capacity for organic matters; the deep sea mining soil has low soil strength and poor fixation of root systems of vegetation; the deep sea mining soil has low microbial content beneficial to vegetation growth.
The above adverse factors make the deep sea mining soil unsuitable for urban greening, crop planting and other fields. Therefore, further development of efficient, stable, recycling use of deep sea mining soil is required.
If the deep sea mining soil is applied to artificial simulation soil of floating cities, the problem of environmental pollution caused by the discharge of the deep sea mining soil is solved, and the reutilization of the deep sea mining soil can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide artificial simulated soil for floating cities, which is obtained by modifying deep sea mining soil, has the characteristics of water retention and fertilizer retention, can improve the capability of the soil for resisting the loss of organic microorganisms, has fixed plant root systems and can improve the disease and pest resistance of plants.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the artificial simulation soil for the floating city comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
200-400 parts of deep sea mining soil, 200-400 parts of humus powder, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 30-50 parts of biochar, 100-300 parts of benthic powder raw materials, 20-60 parts of organic fertilizer, 1-3 parts of microbial composite microbial inoculum and 300-1000 parts of distilled water.
The artificial simulated soil for floating cities comprises the following humus powder: 50-70 parts of leaves, 40-100 parts of straw, 80-150 parts of tobacco stems and 50-80 parts of crop shells.
The artificial simulated soil for floating cities is characterized in that the bentonite is organic bentonite; the biochar is porous carbon processed by animal manure or/and wood dust.
The artificial simulated soil for floating cities is prepared by mixing coral sand, shell powder and oyster powder.
The organic fertilizer comprises organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus in corresponding amounts.
The microbial composite microbial inoculum comprises bacterial liquid and cementing liquid.
The artificial simulated soil for the floating city is characterized in that the bacterial liquid is bacillus, the cementing liquid is a mixed liquid of calcium chloride and urea, the pH value of the bacillus is 9, and the concentration of the cementing liquid is 0.5mol/L.
The artificial simulated soil for the floating city is characterized in that the deep sea mining soil is lifted to be above the water surface by adopting a vertical pipe, and the original water content of the deep sea mining soil is 130-150%.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing artificial simulated soil for floating cities, comprising the steps of:
a. centrifuging the deep sea mining soil lifted to above the water surface through the vertical pipe to obtain solid substances; vacuum drying the solid matter at a certain temperature, grinding and sieving to be less than 0.25mm to obtain powdery deep sea mining soil;
b. mixing and stirring powdery deep sea mining soil and humus powder to obtain a mixture I;
c. b, adding bentonite and biochar into the mixture I obtained in the step b, and stirring to obtain a mixture II;
d. mixing the microbial composite microbial inoculum and benthic powder raw materials with the mixture II, stirring, and adding a proper amount of distilled water to obtain a mixture III;
e. and adding the organic fertilizer into the mixture III, curing for a period of time in an environment with sufficient oxygen, and turning over and shoveling the soil periodically to obtain the fertilizer.
In the above method for preparing artificial simulated soil for floating cities, in the step b, the preparation steps of humus powder are as follows:
firstly, cleaning leaves, straws, cabins and crop shells to remove impurities in raw materials;
step two, drying leaves, straws, cabins and crop shells obtained in the step one at high temperature, and turning over the leaves, the straws, the cabins and the crop shells at right time to ensure that the water content is 10-20%;
thirdly, grinding and sieving the leaves, the straws, the caboes and the crop shells obtained in the second step to 0.15mm, and stirring for 60-80s at 150-250 r/min;
and fourthly, adding a pH regulator into the mixture obtained in the third step, centrifuging, and regulating the pH to 6-8 to obtain the humus powder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) The invention provides artificial simulation soil for floating cities, which is characterized in that the soil physical and chemical properties of deep sea mining soil are improved through the synergistic collocation of deep sea mining soil, humus powder, bentonite, biochar, benthic powder raw materials, organic fertilizer, microorganism composite microbial inoculum and distilled water, so that the deep sea mining soil has the characteristics of water retention and fertilizer retention.
(2) The water content of the deep sea mining soil is extremely high, and the deep sea mining soil is not suitable for vegetation planting, bentonite, biochar and benthic powder are added, the proportion of the bentonite, the biochar and the benthic powder is controlled, so that the mixed soil has the water content which is known with that of mature soil, and meanwhile, the bentonite and the biochar enable the mixed soil to have strong water and fertilizer retaining capacity, and an ideal carrier can be provided for beneficial microorganisms, so that the activity of the microorganisms is excited.
(3) Humus is added into deep sea mining soil, so that the problem of salinization of soil raw materials is solved, the strength of artificial soil can be enhanced by matching with benthonic material raw materials, the water and soil conservation capacity of the soil is improved, and the absorption capacity of the soil to nutrient elements is increased.
(4) The deep sea mining soil is less beneficial to microorganism growth of vegetation, and the deep sea mining soil is loose and has a large number of gaps. By adding the microbial composite microbial inoculum, soil microorganisms are activated, and quickly proliferate in the stockpile to quickly decompose soil organic matters, so that spores in a dormant period quickly enter an active growth state. Meanwhile, calcium carbonate generated by the benthonic material raw material particles after microorganism solidification is well filled into deep sea mining soil, so that gaps of the deep sea mining soil are effectively filled, and the soil body strength is effectively improved.
(5) The deep sea mining soil generated by deep sea mining can cause great harm to the sea and marine organisms no matter how discharged on the sea surface and the seabed, and the ecological environment is destroyed. The deep sea mining soil is prepared into the artificial simulation soil for floating cities, so that the environmental problem of deep sea mining soil emission is solved, the deep sea mining soil is reused, and certain economic benefits are achieved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method of preparing artificial simulated soil for use in floating cities in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first scanning electron microscope photograph of an artificial simulated soil prepared from western Pacific deep sea mining soil;
FIG. 3 is a second scanning electron microscope photograph of an artificial simulated soil prepared from western Pacific deep sea mining soil;
fig. 4 is a third scanning electron microscope photograph of an artificial simulated soil prepared from western pacific deep sea mining soil.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses artificial simulation soil for floating cities and a preparation method thereof, and in order to make the advantages and the technical scheme of the invention clearer and more definite, the invention is further described below by combining specific embodiments.
All of the materials described in this invention are commercially available.
The term "floating city" as used herein also refers to "offshore home".
The invention mainly utilizes deep sea mining soil, namely, the deep sea mining soil is compatible with other components for use, so that artificial simulation soil for floating cities can be obtained, and the main innovation points of the invention are as follows: firstly, the deep sea mining soil is applied to artificial simulation soil of floating cities, and secondly, the deep sea mining soil has the characteristics of water retention and fertilizer retention.
The artificial simulation soil for the floating city comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
200-400 parts of deep sea mining soil, 200-400 parts of humus powder, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 30-50 parts of biochar, 100-300 parts of benthic powder raw materials, 20-60 parts of organic fertilizer, 1-3 parts of microbial composite microbial inoculum and 300-1000 parts of distilled water.
According to different proportions of the raw materials, various combinations can be formed, and the combinations are respectively as follows:
200 parts of deep sea mining soil, 200 parts of humus powder, 10 parts of bentonite, 30 parts of biochar, 100 parts of benthic powder raw materials, 20 parts of organic fertilizer, 1 part of microorganism composite bacterial agent and 300 parts of distilled water;
or: 200 parts of deep sea mining soil, 200 parts of humus powder, 10 parts of bentonite, 50 parts of biochar, 300 parts of benthic powder raw materials, 60 parts of organic fertilizer, 3 parts of microbial composite bacterial agent and 1000 parts of distilled water.
Or: 400 parts of deep sea mining soil, 400 parts of humus powder, 20 parts of bentonite, 50 parts of biochar, 100 parts of benthic powder raw materials, 20 parts of organic fertilizer, 1 part of microbial composite bacterial agent and 300 parts of distilled water.
Or: 400 parts of deep sea mining soil, 200 parts of humus powder, 20 parts of bentonite, 30 parts of biochar, 300 parts of benthic powder raw materials, 20 parts of organic fertilizer, 1 part of microbial composite bacterial agent and 300 parts of distilled water.
Or: 300 parts of deep sea mining soil, 300 parts of humus powder, 15 parts of bentonite, 40 parts of biochar, 200 parts of benthic powder raw materials, 40 parts of organic fertilizer, 2 parts of microbial composite bacterial agent and 600 parts of distilled water.
Other combinations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the above description of the combinations of materials.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, an artificial simulated soil for floating cities comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
300 parts of deep sea mining soil, 250 parts of humus powder, 15 parts of bentonite, 40 parts of biochar, 150 parts of benthic powder raw materials, 20 parts of organic fertilizer, 2 parts of microbial composite bacterial agent and 300 parts of distilled water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, centrifuging deep sea mining soil at 8000r/min for 10min to obtain solid matters;
step two, carrying out vacuum drying on the solid matters obtained in the step one in an environment of 80 ℃, grinding and sieving to obtain powdery deep sea soil, and taking 300 parts of powdery deep sea mining soil as a raw material of artificial simulated soil;
step three, preparing humus powder for later use: cleaning humus powder raw materials (leaves, straws, cabins and crop shells) to remove impurities in the raw materials; drying the cleaned humus powder raw material at a high temperature under the environment of 80 ℃, turning over the shovel at proper time, and ensuring the water content of the humus powder raw material to be 10%; taking and mixing leaves, straws, caboes and crop shells, wherein the mass ratio is sequentially 50:40:80:80, grinding and sieving the humus powder raw material until the thickness is less than 0.15mm, and uniformly mixing; adding a pH regulator into the obtained mixture, fully stirring to enable the pH value of the mixture to be 6-8, and adjusting the specific pH value according to the specific planting crops because the optimal growth pH values of different crops are different; centrifuging the obtained mixture to finally obtain humus powder;
step four, mixing and activating the bacterial liquid and the cementing liquid to obtain a microbial compound bacterial agent;
step five, uniformly mixing 300 parts of powdery deep sea mining soil with 250 parts of humus powder to obtain a mixture I;
step six, adding 15 parts of bentonite and 40 parts of biochar into the mixture I, and stirring to obtain a mixture II;
crushing the shells and the oysters, ball-milling until the maximum particle size is smaller than 120 mu m, and then respectively drying and standing at normal temperature;
step eight, mixing the benthonic powder raw materials according to the formula proportion: the ratio of coral sand, shell powder and oyster powder is 70:40:40, a step of performing a;
step nine, mixing the microbial composite microbial inoculum and benthic powder raw materials with the mixture II, stirring for 60-80s at the speed of 450-550 r/min, and adding a proper amount of distilled water in the stirring process to obtain a mixture III;
and step ten, adding the organic fertilizer into the mixture III, curing for more than 24 hours in an oxygen-rich environment, and turning over and shoveling the soil periodically to obtain the artificial simulated soil.
Example 2:
the artificial simulation soil for the floating city comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
300 parts of deep sea mining soil, 300 parts of humus powder, 20 parts of bentonite, 30 parts of biochar, 300 parts of benthic powder raw materials, 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 3 parts of microbial composite bacterial agent and 1000 parts of distilled water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, centrifuging deep sea mining soil at 8000r/min for 10min to obtain solid matters;
step two, carrying out vacuum drying on the solid matters obtained in the step one in an environment of 80 ℃, grinding and sieving to obtain powdery deep sea soil, and taking 300 parts of powdery deep sea mining soil as a raw material of artificial simulated soil;
step three, preparing humus powder for later use: cleaning humus powder raw materials (leaves, straws, cabins and crop shells) to remove impurities in the raw materials; drying the cleaned humus powder raw material at a high temperature under the environment of 80 ℃, turning over the shovel at proper time, and ensuring the water content of the humus powder raw material to be 15%; taking and mixing leaves, straws, caboes and crop shells, wherein the mass ratio is 60:80:110:50, grinding and sieving the humus powder raw material until the thickness is less than 0.15mm, and uniformly mixing; adding a pH regulator into the obtained mixture, fully stirring to enable the pH value of the mixture to be 6-8, and adjusting the specific pH value according to the specific planting crops because the optimal growth pH values of different crops are different; centrifuging the obtained mixture to finally obtain humus powder;
step four, mixing and activating the bacterial liquid and the cementing liquid to obtain a microbial compound bacterial agent;
step five, uniformly mixing 300 parts of powdery deep sea mining soil with 300 parts of humus powder to obtain a mixture I;
step six, adding 20 parts of bentonite and 30 parts of biochar into the mixture I, and stirring to obtain a mixture II;
crushing the shells and the oysters, ball-milling until the maximum particle size is smaller than 120 mu m, and then respectively drying and standing at normal temperature;
step eight, mixing the benthonic powder raw materials according to the formula proportion: the ratio of coral sand, shell powder and oyster powder is 150:80:70;
step nine, mixing the microbial composite microbial inoculum and benthic powder raw materials with the mixture II, stirring for 60-80s at the speed of 450-550 r/min, and adding a proper amount of distilled water in the stirring process to obtain a mixture III;
and step ten, adding the organic fertilizer into the mixture III, curing for more than 24 hours in an oxygen-rich environment, and turning over and shoveling the soil periodically to obtain the artificial simulated soil.
Example 3:
the artificial simulation soil for the floating city comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
300 parts of deep sea mining soil, 400 parts of humus powder, 10 parts of bentonite, 50 parts of biochar, 100 parts of benthic powder raw materials, 60 parts of organic fertilizer, 3 parts of microbial composite bacterial agent and 700 parts of distilled water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, centrifuging deep sea mining soil at 8000r/min for 10min to obtain solid matters;
step two, carrying out vacuum drying on the solid matters obtained in the step one in an environment of 80 ℃, grinding and sieving to obtain powdery deep sea soil, and taking 300 parts of powdery deep sea mining soil as a raw material of artificial simulated soil;
step three, preparing humus powder for later use: cleaning humus powder raw materials (leaves, straws, cabins and crop shells) to remove impurities in the raw materials; drying the cleaned humus powder raw material at a high temperature under the environment of 80 ℃, turning over the shovel at proper time, and ensuring the water content of the humus powder raw material to be 20%; taking and mixing leaves, straws, caboes and crop shells, wherein the mass ratio is sequentially 70:100:150:80, grinding and sieving the humus powder raw material until the thickness is less than 0.15mm, and uniformly mixing; adding a pH regulator into the obtained mixture, fully stirring to enable the pH value of the mixture to be 6-8, and adjusting the specific pH value according to the specific planting crops because the optimal growth pH values of different crops are different; centrifuging the obtained mixture to finally obtain humus powder;
step four, mixing and activating the bacterial liquid and the cementing liquid to obtain a microbial compound bacterial agent;
step five, uniformly mixing 300 parts of powdery deep sea mining soil with 400 parts of humus powder to obtain a mixture I;
step six, adding 10 parts of bentonite and 50 parts of biochar into the mixture I, and stirring to obtain a mixture II;
crushing the shells and the oysters, ball-milling until the maximum particle size is smaller than 120 mu m, and then respectively drying and standing at normal temperature;
step eight, mixing the benthonic powder raw materials according to the formula proportion: the ratio of coral sand, shell powder and oyster powder is 50:30:20, a step of;
step nine, mixing the microbial composite microbial inoculum and benthic powder raw materials with the mixture II, stirring for 60-80s at the speed of 450-550 r/min, and adding a proper amount of distilled water in the stirring process to obtain a mixture III;
and step ten, adding the organic fertilizer into the mixture III, curing for more than 24 hours in an oxygen-rich environment, and turning over and shoveling the soil periodically to obtain the artificial simulated soil.
FIG. 2 is a first scanning electron microscope photograph of an artificial simulated soil prepared from western Pacific deep sea mining soil; FIG. 3 is a second scanning electron microscope photograph of an artificial simulated soil prepared from western Pacific deep sea mining soil; fig. 4 is a third scanning electron microscope photograph of an artificial simulated soil prepared from western pacific deep sea mining soil.
The invention has been demonstrated by a series of experiments on the artificial simulated soil and the western pacific in-situ soil of the above examples 1, 2 and 3:
the western pacific in-situ soil was used as a control group, example 1 was used as test group 1, example 2 was used as test group 2, example 3 was used as test group 3, and the above four groups were subjected to soil physicochemical index test and nutrient index test.
The nutrient index test is mainly used for testing the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic matters and fertility loss rate of the soil.
The organic material was measured by the conventional method of Qiu Lin Rongliang, i.e. using an oxidizing agent (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ·H 2 SO 4 Mixed liquor) oxidizing organic carbon to carbon dioxide according toThe oxidant consumption calculates the amount of organic matter.
The determination of phosphorus adopts molybdenum blue method, namely adding a certain amount of ammonium molybdate-sulfuric acid mixed reagent and 1, 2, 4 amino naphthalene acid sulfonic acid reducing agent into the sample after digestion treatment to generate blue (NH) 4 )PO 4 MoO 3 The compounds were then colorimetrically measured on a 721 spectrophotometer and their content was then calculated.
Nitrogen determination is similarly performed by digestion to convert nitrate and organic nitrogen into (NH) 4 ) 2 SO 4 Then adding alkali to make NH 3 Release by H 3 BO 3 Absorption and finally nitrogen content was calculated using standard hydrochloric acid titration.
Experimental results and analysis:
as can be seen from Table 1, the volume weight of the control group was as high as 2.461g/cm 3 And the porosity is 81%, because of its water content of 136%, which also results in extremely low strength of the deep sea mining soil, only 11.5KPa, which indicates that the western pacific deep sea mining soil is not suitable for direct crop planting; however, the artificial soil prepared in test group 1 of the present invention had a volume weight of 0.7g/cm 3 Porosity of 35%, water content of 20%, strength of 26.4KPa; the volume weight of the artificial soil prepared in the test group 2 of the invention is 1.1g/cm 3 Porosity of 39%, moisture content of 22%, strength of 29.6KPa; the artificial soil prepared in the test group 3 of the invention has a volume weight of 1.0g/cm 3 Porosity of 37%, moisture content of 21%, strength of 28.5KPa; this shows that the test artificial soil structure prepared in the three examples is significantly changed to meet the requirements of crop planting soil.
Table 1 table for measuring physicochemical properties of soil
As can be seen from Table 2, the total nitrogen content of the artificial soil in the test groups 1-3 is 1.934-2.156 g/Kg, which is obviously higher than that of the in-situ soil in the control group by 0.462g/Kg. The total phosphorus content of the artificial soil in the test groups 1-3 is 1.986-2.234 g/Kg, which is obviously higher than the total nitrogen content of the in-situ soil in the control group 1.132g/Kg. The organic matter content of the artificial soil in the test groups 1-3 is 14.332-15.712 g/Kg, which is obviously higher than that of the in-situ soil in the control group 9.845g/Kg. The artificial soil fertility loss rate of the test groups 1-3 is 19% -21%, which is obviously lower than the in-situ soil fertility loss rate of the control group by 64%.
The artificial simulated soil prepared in examples 1-3 has the obvious excellent physicochemical properties of light texture, good air permeability, high organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus content and the like.
Table 2 nutrient index test table
The invention utilizes the synergistic collocation of various raw materials to reform the physical and chemical properties of the soil of the deep sea mining soil, so that the deep sea mining soil has the characteristics of water retention and fertilizer retention, improves the capability of the soil for resisting the loss of organic microorganisms, has the functions of fixing the root systems of vegetation and improving the disease and pest resistance of the vegetation.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above embodiments have been provided for the purpose of illustration only and not as a definition of the limits of the present application, and that appropriate modifications and variations of the above embodiments are within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (5)
1. The artificial simulation soil for the floating city is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
300 parts of deep sea mining soil, 300 parts of humus powder, 20 parts of bentonite, 30 parts of biochar, 300 parts of benthic powder raw materials, 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 3 parts of microbial composite bacterial agent and 1000 parts of distilled water; the deep sea mining soil is western Pacific deep sea mining soil;
the deep sea mining soil is lifted to be above the water surface by adopting a vertical pipe, and the original water content of the deep sea mining soil is 130% -150%;
the microbial composite bacterial agent comprises bacterial liquid and cementing liquid, wherein the bacterial liquid is bacillus, the cementing liquid is mixed liquid of calcium chloride and urea, the pH value of the bacillus is 9, and the concentration of the cementing liquid is 0.5 mol/L;
the humus powder comprises: 50-70 parts of leaves, 40-100 parts of straw, 80-150 parts of tobacco stems and 50-80 parts of crop shells;
the biochar is porous carbon processed by animal manure or/and wood dust;
the benthic powder is prepared by mixing coral sand, shell powder and oyster powder; the weight ratio of coral sand, shell powder and oyster powder is 150:80:70.
2. the artificial simulated soil for use in a floating city as claimed in claim 1, wherein said bentonite is an organobentonite.
3. The artificial simulated soil for use in a floating city as claimed in claim 1, wherein said organic fertilizer comprises organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in corresponding amounts.
4. A method of preparing artificial simulated soil for use in floating cities as claimed in any of claims 1-3 comprising the steps of:
a. centrifuging the deep sea mining soil lifted to above the water surface through the vertical pipe to obtain solid substances; vacuum drying the solid matter at a certain temperature, grinding and sieving to be less than 0.25mm to obtain powdery deep sea mining soil;
b. mixing and stirring powdery deep sea mining soil and humus powder to obtain a mixture I;
c. b, adding bentonite and biochar into the mixture I obtained in the step b, and stirring to obtain a mixture II;
d. mixing the microbial composite microbial inoculum and benthic powder raw materials with the mixture II, stirring, and adding a proper amount of distilled water to obtain a mixture III;
e. and adding the organic fertilizer into the mixture III, curing for a period of time in an environment with sufficient oxygen, and turning over and shoveling the soil periodically to obtain the fertilizer.
5. The method for preparing artificial simulated soil for floating cities according to claim 4, wherein in step b, the preparation step of humus powder comprises the steps of:
firstly, cleaning leaves, straws, cabins and crop shells to remove impurities in raw materials;
step two, drying leaves, straws, cabins and crop shells obtained in the step one at high temperature, and turning over the leaves, the straws, the cabins and the crop shells at right time to ensure that the water content is 10-20%;
thirdly, grinding and sieving the leaves, the straws, the caboes and the crop shells obtained in the second step to 0.15mm, and stirring for 60-80s at 150-250 r/min;
and fourthly, adding a pH regulator into the mixture obtained in the third step, centrifuging, and regulating the pH to 6-8 to obtain the humus powder.
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