CN116686657A - Grain and grass rotation method for reducing application of nitrogen fertilizer by introducing common vetch - Google Patents
Grain and grass rotation method for reducing application of nitrogen fertilizer by introducing common vetch Download PDFInfo
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- CN116686657A CN116686657A CN202310914479.9A CN202310914479A CN116686657A CN 116686657 A CN116686657 A CN 116686657A CN 202310914479 A CN202310914479 A CN 202310914479A CN 116686657 A CN116686657 A CN 116686657A
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- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 240000000971 garden vetch Species 0.000 title 1
- 244000105017 Vicia sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 claims description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 34
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000004178 biological nitrogen fixation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 description 33
- 241000209219 Hordeum Species 0.000 description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a grain and grass rotation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer application by introducing common vetch, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The invention provides a grain and grass rotation method, in a grain and grass rotation planting mode, in particular to a method for adding common vetch in a forage grass planting year, by utilizing the characteristic of biological nitrogen fixation of common vetch, the common vetch is mixed with oat to reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer, improve the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer and land, increase the crop yield and provide nitrogen for aftercrop crops, effectively relieve the problems of forage grass shortage, excessive fertilization and the like in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau area, and has good popularization and application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a grain and grass rotation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer application by introducing common vetch.
Background
Chemical fertilizers play an irreplaceable role in grain and agricultural production development, and a large amount of fertilizers are used in grain and forage yield increase, especially nitrogen fertilizers. The excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, while increasing crop yield to some extent, can have serious environmental impact, such as nitrate pollution of groundwater, soil acidification, large emissions of greenhouse gases, and other environmental problems. Therefore, pushing the decrement and efficiency enhancement of the nitrogen fertilizer is a necessary way for realizing the sustainable development of the green agriculture.
The current method for reducing the nitrogen fertilizer consumption in farmlands mainly comprises a coated controlled release fertilizer application method and a nitrogen fertilizer deep application method. The method for applying the coated controlled release fertilizer mainly adopts the coating technologies such as sulfur coating (fertilizer coating), resin coating, polymer material coating and the like to control the release of nitrogen nutrient, thereby achieving the aims of losing weight, being efficient, protecting environment and the like. The method comprises the steps of firstly coating urea by a coating technology to prepare the controlled-release fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the controlled-release fertilizer can reduce the nitrogen fertilizer by 10% -30% according to the property of the coating, and then the controlled-release fertilizer can be directly applied to farmlands as the conventional nitrogen fertilizer. However, the method has the defects of over high price, unstable fertilizer efficiency and the like, for example, the price of the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is often 3-4 times that of common urea, the coating is decomposed too fast in farmlands, so that the effects of controlling release of the fertilizer and reducing ammonia volatilization cannot be achieved, and the slow decomposition of the coating can cause the over slow fertilizer efficiency supply to not meet the requirements of crops, so that the yield of crops is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grain and grass rotation method for reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer by introducing common vetch, which adopts a crop cooperation method to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer and effectively solve the problems of forage shortage, excessive fertilization and the like in a annual one-harvest planting area.
The invention provides a grain and grass rotation method, which comprises the following steps: in a one-year-old planting area, mixed sowing of oat and common vetch or mixed sowing of ryegrass and common vetch in a forage grass planting year;
highland barley or wheat is sown in the grain planting year.
Preferably, the one-year-first-maturing planting area comprises a one-year-first-maturing planting area with low accumulated temperature in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, northwest and northeast.
Preferably, when the oat and the common vetch are mixed and sown or the ryegrass and the common vetch are mixed and sown, the two forage grass are sown in the same row, and the sowing quantity is 50% of that of the single forage grass.
Preferably, when the oat and the common vetch are mixed and sown or the ryegrass and the common vetch are mixed and sown, nitrogen is containedThe fertilizer application amount is 50% of that of the single sowing of oat or ryegrass, and the recommended fertilizer application amount is 60-90 kgha -1 。
Preferably, the grain is planted for a year, and a nitrogenous fertilizer of 120-150 kgha is applied -1 。
Preferably, in the forage grass planting year and the grain planting year, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are required to be supplemented according to the soil conditions of the planting area.
Preferably, the straws are crushed and returned to the field after the highland barley or the wheat is harvested.
The invention also provides application of the grain and grass rotation method in improving biomass yield.
The invention also provides application of the grain and grass rotation method in fertilizer application reduction.
The invention also provides application of the grain and grass rotation method in improving the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides a grain and grass rotation method, in the planting mode of grain and grass rotation, in particular to the method of adding common vetch in the planting year of forage grass, utilizing the biological nitrogen fixation characteristic of common vetch, reducing the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer by mixing with oat, and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is more local (120-180 kgha -1 ) The reduction is about 50%; the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of mixed sowing of oat and common vetch is improved by about 60% compared with single oat, and two crops can be harvested in season; the crop yield is increased, and the yield of the oat/common vetch-highland barley rotation system is increased by 8.0 to 34.6 percent compared with the yield of the highland barley single-cropping system and the yield of the oat/common vetch-highland barley rotation system under the same nitrogen application level; providing nitrogen for the succeeding crop, the common vetch has biological nitrogen fixation effect (nitrogen fixation amount is about 11.1-59.1 kgha) -1 ) Providing higher nitrogen level for the succeeding highland barley; effectively relieves the problems of shortage of forage grass, excessive fertilization and the like in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau area, and has good popularization and application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a chart of biomass yield statistics for different nitrogen fertilizer application rates for different planting systems;
FIG. 2 is a chart showing nitrogen bias productivity statistics for different nitrogen fertilizer application amounts in different planting systems.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a grain and grass rotation method, which comprises the following steps: in a one-year-old planting area, mixed sowing of oat and common vetch or mixed sowing of ryegrass and common vetch in a forage grass planting year;
highland barley or wheat is sown in the grain planting year.
The grain and grass rotation method is carried out in a one-year one-harvest planting area, namely forage grass is planted in one year, and grains are planted in one year. The one-year-first-maturing planting area preferably comprises a one-year-first-maturing planting area with low accumulated temperature in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, northwest and northeast years.
According to the invention, oat and common vetch are mixed-sown in forage grass planting years, or ryegrass and common vetch are mixed-sown, common vetch is a low-nitrogen-demand crop, oat/common vetch mixed-sowing is used for complementarily utilizing growth resources, especially nitrogen (oat in the system is a high-nitrogen-demand crop, mixed sowing can enhance complementation of nitrogen in the system and reduce nitrogen fertilizer input), and the complementation can increase the yield stability of the system, so that the problems of low yield and unstable yield related to single crop are potentially overcome. The oat/common vetch mixed sowing system is used for replacing a single-crop oat planting system to form an oat/common vetch-highland barley planting system, and the nitrogen fertilizer application is reduced and a higher nitrogen level is provided for the highland barley of the aftercrop grain crops on the premise of fully playing the mixed sowing advantages and guaranteeing that the forage is not reduced. When the oat and the common vetch are mixed to be sown or the ryegrass and the common vetch are mixed to be sown, preferably, two forage grass are sown in the same row, the sowing amount is 50% of that of single forage grass, and the specific sowing amount is determined according to the local climate and the soil condition; and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is preferably 50% of that of oat or ryegrass unicast, and the recommended fertilization amount is 60-90 kg ha -1 . In the invention, the forage grass is planted for a year, and phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are also required to be supplemented according to soil conditions so as to meet the growth requirements.
The invention rotates grain crops in the next year of forage grass planting year, takes highland barley or wheat as the ideal, and sows in good time, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is reduced by 20-30% compared with the grain crop unicast, and the recommended nitrogen fertilizer application amount is 120-150 kg ha -1 . In the grain planting year, the invention needs rootsAnd supplementing phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer according to the soil conditions of the planting area, and crushing and returning the straws after the highland barley or wheat is harvested to fields to supplement soil organic matters.
The invention also provides application of the grain and grass rotation method in improving biomass yield.
The invention also provides application of the grain and grass rotation method in fertilizer application reduction.
The invention also provides application of the grain and grass rotation method in improving the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate.
For further explanation of the present invention, a method of rotation of grappling with nitrogen fertilizer by introducing common peas is provided in the present invention with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for crop rotation planting of oat/common vetch and highland barley with reduced nitrogen application, which is developed in Qinghai province, sea county, comprises the following steps:
1) Oat/common vetch mixed sowing: sowing oat and common vetch in a mixed mode at the beginning of 5 months each year, wherein the oat and the common vetch are uniformly sown in the same row, and the row spacing is 15cm; the sowing amount of oat and common vetch is 90 and 105kgha respectively -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 3 nitrogenous fertilizer application amounts of 0, 60 and 120kgha are respectively set in the mixed sowing process of the common vetch with oat -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Half of the nitrogenous fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer, the other half is applied as an additional fertilizer in the oat jointing period, and the phosphate fertilizer P is applied simultaneously 2 O 5 100kgha -1 Potash fertilizer K 2 O100kgha -1 The phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are all applied as base fertilizers;
2) Planting highland barley: harvesting oat and common vetch 9 months each year, planting highland barley on the whole field at the beginning of 5 months of the second year, wherein the sowing amount is 180kgha -1 3 nitrogenous fertilizer application amounts are respectively 0, 60 and 120kgha in the highland barley sowing process -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Half of the nitrogenous fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer, the other half is applied as an additional fertilizer in the oat jointing period, and the phosphate fertilizer P is applied simultaneously 2 O 5 100kgha -1 Potash fertilizer K 2 O100kgha -1 The phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are all applied as base fertilizers; 9Harvesting highland barley in a month;
3) Setting 5 planting systems, namely a highland barley single cropping system, an oat single cropping system, an common vetch single cropping system, an oat-highland barley rotation system and an oat/common vetch-highland barley rotation system;
according to the rotation method, forage grass is planted in the first year, highland barley is planted in the second year, and the cultivation is carried out continuously for two years.
As shown in FIG. 1, the biomass yield of the highland barley and oat system increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer, but the biomass yield of the common vetch and oat/common vetch mixed sowing system was increased by 60kg ha of nitrogen application -1 Highest time; the mixed sowing system of oat and common vetch in all systems has the nitrogen application amount of 60kgha -1 The highest time is achieved, and the time is increased by 3.4 to 203.8 percent compared with other systems.
As shown in figure 2, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is reduced, the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer of crops is improved, and the nitrogen bias productivity of the oat/common vetch mixed sowing system is that the nitrogen application amount is 60kgha -1 The highest time is achieved, and the number of the systems is increased by 3.4 to 204.5 percent compared with other systems.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be devised in accordance with the present embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A grain crop rotation method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in a one-year-old planting area, mixed sowing of oat and common vetch or mixed sowing of ryegrass and common vetch in a forage grass planting year;
highland barley or wheat is sown in the grain planting year.
2. The grain crop rotation method of claim 1, wherein the one-year-one-harvest planting area comprises a one-year-one-harvest planting area with lower heat accumulation in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, northwest and northeast years.
3. The rotation method of grain and grass according to claim 1, wherein when the oat and the common vetch are mixed or the ryegrass and the common vetch are mixed, the two forage grass are sown in the same row, and the sowing amount is 50% of that of the single forage grass.
4. The grain and grass rotation method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is 50% of the single sowing amount of the oat or the ryegrass and the common vetch, and the recommended fertilization amount is 60-90 kgha when the oat and the common vetch are mixed to be sown or the ryegrass and the common vetch are mixed to be sown -1 。
5. The grain and grass rotation method according to claim 1, wherein the grain is planted for a year, and a nitrogenous fertilizer is applied for 120-150 kgha -1 。
6. The grain and grass rotation method according to claim 1, wherein phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are supplemented according to the soil condition of the planting area in the forage grass planting year and the grain planting year.
7. The grain and grass rotation method of claim 1, wherein the stalks are crushed and returned to the field after the highland barley or wheat is harvested.
8. Use of the grain rotation method of any one of claims 1 to 7 for increasing biomass production.
9. Use of the grain rotation method of any one of claims 1 to 7 for fertilizer reduction.
10. Use of the grain rotation method of any one of claims 1 to 7 for increasing nitrogen fertilizer utilization.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN202310914479.9A CN116686657A (en) | 2023-07-21 | 2023-07-21 | Grain and grass rotation method for reducing application of nitrogen fertilizer by introducing common vetch |
NL2037395A NL2037395A (en) | 2023-07-21 | 2024-04-04 | A method and application of reducing nitrogen fertilizer in crop-grass rotation |
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CN202310914479.9A CN116686657A (en) | 2023-07-21 | 2023-07-21 | Grain and grass rotation method for reducing application of nitrogen fertilizer by introducing common vetch |
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CN202310914479.9A Pending CN116686657A (en) | 2023-07-21 | 2023-07-21 | Grain and grass rotation method for reducing application of nitrogen fertilizer by introducing common vetch |
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Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104081998A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-10-08 | 苏州市美人半岛齐力生态农产品专业合作社 | High yield planting method for highland barley |
CN110278841A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-27 | 青海省畜牧兽医科学院 | A kind of oat Yu Jian Kuo pea mixes up forage grass implantation methods |
CN111345201A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-06-30 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所 | Pasture planting method and application |
US20210188731A1 (en) * | 2019-12-22 | 2021-06-24 | Institute Of Agricultural Resources And Environment, Shandong Academy Of Agricultural Sciences | One-Off Fertilization Method Suitable for Winter Wheat in Areas with Less Rainfall in Spring |
CN114521464A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-05-24 | 中国农业大学 | Crop rotation planting method for soybean, wheat and corn |
CN115191299A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-10-18 | 中国农业大学 | Method for regulating nitrogen-saving emission-reduction synergy of annual high yield of winter wheat and summer soybean |
-
2023
- 2023-07-21 CN CN202310914479.9A patent/CN116686657A/en active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-04-04 NL NL2037395A patent/NL2037395A/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
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CN104081998A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-10-08 | 苏州市美人半岛齐力生态农产品专业合作社 | High yield planting method for highland barley |
CN110278841A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-27 | 青海省畜牧兽医科学院 | A kind of oat Yu Jian Kuo pea mixes up forage grass implantation methods |
US20210188731A1 (en) * | 2019-12-22 | 2021-06-24 | Institute Of Agricultural Resources And Environment, Shandong Academy Of Agricultural Sciences | One-Off Fertilization Method Suitable for Winter Wheat in Areas with Less Rainfall in Spring |
CN111345201A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-06-30 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所 | Pasture planting method and application |
CN115191299A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-10-18 | 中国农业大学 | Method for regulating nitrogen-saving emission-reduction synergy of annual high yield of winter wheat and summer soybean |
CN114521464A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-05-24 | 中国农业大学 | Crop rotation planting method for soybean, wheat and corn |
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Title |
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ZIKUI WANG等: "半干旱高寒地区燕麦和箭筈豌豆混种对减少肥料和水分利用的影响", 土壤与耕作研究, no. 219, 1 February 2022 (2022-02-01), pages 1 - 13 * |
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