CN116670422A

CN116670422A - Gasifier and gasification method

Info

Publication number: CN116670422A
Application number: CN202180081529.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 江头慎二
Original assignee: Kobe Steel Ltd
Current assignee: Kobe Steel Ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-11
Filing date: 2021-12-07
Publication date: 2023-08-29
Also published as: JP7227212B2; KR20230106704A; JP2023171456A; JP2022093327A; JP2022006152A; WO2022124292A1

Abstract

The gasifier includes: a housing; a supply unit for supplying liquefied gas into the housing; a plurality of heat transfer tubes through which a first heating fluid flows; a lead-out part for leading out the main component of the liquefied gas gasified by the liquefied gas from the inside of the shell; and a liquid outflow unit for discharging the liquefied gas stored in the housing. The vaporizer vaporizes the main component contained in the liquefied gas discharged from the housing through the liquid discharge portion.

Description

Gasifier and gasification method

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a vaporizer for liquefied gas containing a main component and a high boiling point component having a boiling point higher than that of the main component, and a vaporization method.

Background

Conventionally, a gasification apparatus for gasifying a low-temperature liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas has been known. Examples of such a vaporizer include an open-frame vaporizer that causes a heat source fluid such as seawater to flow down the outer surface of a heat transfer pipe to vaporize liquefied gas flowing in the heat transfer pipe, an intermediate medium vaporizer that uses an intermediate medium in addition to the heat source fluid, and a shell-and-tube vaporizer that is formed of a cylindrical main body and the heat transfer pipe. Patent document 1 discloses a shell-and-tube gasifier in which readily available industrial water or seawater is used as a heat source fluid.

The vaporizer of patent document 1 is configured to circulate a liquefied gas in a heat transfer tube, and to vaporize the liquefied gas by a heating fluid in a housing. In contrast, in the case where seawater is used as the heat source fluid, from the viewpoint of preventing corrosion of the gaps in the housing of the vaporizer and improving the cleaning performance, the liquefied gas may be stored in the housing and vaporized by the heat source fluid flowing through the heat transfer pipe.

The liquefied gas includes a liquefied gas containing a main component and a high boiling point component having a boiling point higher than that of the main component. It is possible to gasify the liquefied gas using such a vaporizer having a structure in which the liquefied gas flows into the housing and the seawater flows into the heat transfer pipe. In this case, it is presumed that the high boiling point component in the shell may accumulate. That is, since the main component of the liquefied gas in the housing is vaporized preferentially, it is presumed that the high boiling point component tends to be accumulated in the liquefied gas stored in the housing.

Prior art literature

Patent literature

Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2020-70922

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the present invention is to suppress accumulation of high-boiling components in a case where liquefied gas containing a main component and high-boiling components having a boiling point higher than that of the main component is gasified in the case.

A vaporizer according to an aspect of the present invention is a vaporizer for vaporizing a liquefied gas containing a main component and a high boiling point component having a boiling point higher than that of the main component, the vaporizer including: a housing; a supply unit configured to supply the liquefied gas into the housing; a plurality of heat transfer pipes disposed in the housing and into which a first heating fluid having a temperature at which the main component of the liquefied gas is vaporized is introduced; a lead-out unit that leads out the main component gasified in the housing from the housing; and a liquid outflow unit disposed at the bottom of the housing and configured to flow out the liquefied gas stored in the housing from the housing. In the vaporizer, the main component contained in the liquefied gas led out from the housing through the liquid outflow portion is vaporized.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a gasification method for gasifying a liquefied gas containing a main component and a high boiling point component having a boiling point higher than that of the main component, the method comprising: supplying the liquefied gas into the housing; introducing a first heating fluid having a temperature at which the main component of the liquefied gas is vaporized into a plurality of heat transfer tubes located in the housing; the main component gasified in the housing is led out from the housing through a lead-out part of the housing; flowing the liquefied gas stored in the housing out of the housing through a liquid outflow portion located at a bottom of the housing; and vaporizing the main component contained in the liquefied gas guided out of the housing through the liquid outflow portion.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of a gasifier according to a first embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of the gasifier according to the second embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of a gasifier according to a third embodiment.

Fig. 4 is a view partially and schematically showing a gasifier according to another embodiment.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

< first embodiment >

As shown in fig. 1, a low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer (hereinafter referred to as a vaporizer) 10 according to the first embodiment is a vaporizer for vaporizing liquefied gas by a heating fluid. Here, the liquefied gas is a fluid that is in a gaseous state at normal temperature and is cooled to a low temperature to be in a liquid state, and in the present embodiment, liquid ammonia is used as the liquefied gas, but the liquefied gas is not limited thereto, and may be liquefied carbon dioxide, for example.

Liquid ammonia contains ammonia as a main component and water as a high boiling component having a boiling point higher than that of the main component. In the vaporizer 10, liquid ammonia as a main component in the supplied liquefied gas is vaporized preferentially, and gaseous ammonia is supplied to the demand side. Further, since liquefied carbon dioxide also contains water as a high boiling point component, carbon dioxide is vaporized preferentially when liquefied carbon dioxide is vaporized in the vaporizer 10. Therefore, water is liable to remain in the gasifier 10. However, the high boiling point component is not limited to water, and may be other fluid having a boiling point higher than that of the main component.

The gasifier 10 includes: a main heat exchanger 11 for exchanging heat between the liquefied gas and the first heating fluid; and a heater 12 for heating the liquefied gas flowing out of the main heat exchanger 11.

The main heat exchanger 11 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger including a housing 15 and a plurality of heat transfer tubes 16 disposed within the housing 15. The housing 15 includes a cylindrical main body portion 21 extending in one direction, a first tube sheet 22 located at one end of the main body portion 21, and a second tube sheet 23 located at the other end of the main body portion 21. The housing 15 is formed into a hollow shape by the body 21, the first tube plate 22, and the second tube plate 23. A plurality of heat transfer tubes 16 are mounted between a first tube sheet 22 and a second tube sheet 23.

The plurality of heat transfer pipes 16 are provided so as to extend straight in the horizontal direction. The plurality of heat transfer tubes 16 are supported by a plurality of holding members 18 arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the housing 15.

An inlet chamber 25 and an outlet chamber 26 are adjacent to the housing 15. The inlet chamber 25 is adjacent to the first tube sheet 22 and the outlet chamber 26 is adjacent to the second tube sheet 23. By connecting the bottomed cylindrical chamber forming portion 27 to the first tube sheet 22, a hollow inlet chamber 25 is formed at one end of the housing 15. Further, by connecting the bottomed cylindrical chamber forming portion 28 to the second tube sheet 23, a hollow outlet chamber 26 is formed at the other end portion of the housing 15. The inlet chamber 25 and the outlet chamber 26 are communicated with each other through the plurality of heat transfer pipes 16.

An inlet port 31 is provided in the inlet chamber 25, and the first heating fluid is introduced into the inlet chamber 25 from the outside through the inlet port 31. The first heating fluid in the inlet chamber 25 is introduced into the outlet chamber 26 through the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16. An outlet port 32 is provided in the outlet chamber 26, and the first heating fluid is discharged from the inside of the outlet chamber 26 to the outside through the outlet port 32. The first heating fluid is water such as sea water and industrial water. That is, the first heating fluid is a fluid having a temperature higher than the boiling point of the liquefied gas. In addition, the temperature of the first heating fluid may be higher than the boiling point of the high boiling point component. Even in this case, the high boiling point component may not be gasified and may be accumulated in the housing 15 during continuous operation.

The housing 15 is provided with a supply portion 35 for supplying the liquefied gas into the housing 15. The supply unit 35 includes: a supply pipe 36 disposed in the housing 15 so as to extend in a direction in which the plurality of heat transfer pipes 16 extend; and a connection pipe 37 disposed so as to extend from the supply pipe 36 to the outside of the housing 15.

The supply pipe 36 is disposed above the plurality of heat transfer pipes 16. The supply pipe 36 is provided with a plurality of supply ports 38 arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction, and liquefied gas in the supply pipe 36 is discharged into the housing 15 through the plurality of supply ports 38.

The supply pipe 36 is located above the liquid surface of the liquefied gas stored in the housing 15. Therefore, the liquefied gas supplied from the plurality of supply ports 38 falls down and is poured onto the liquid surface of the liquefied gas.

The upper end of the connection pipe 37 is fixed to the upper portion of the main body 21, and the lower end is connected to the end of the supply pipe 36. That is, the connection pipe 37 supports the supply pipe 36. An external pipe 39 for flowing liquefied gas from outside the housing 15 is connected to the upper end of the connection pipe 37. In fig. 1, the lower end of the connection pipe 37 is connected to the end of the supply pipe 36, but the connection pipe 37 may be connected to the middle of the supply pipe 36. The supply pipe 36 may be formed of 1 pipe member, but may be formed of a plurality of pipe members branched from the connection pipe 37.

In the case 15, heat exchange is performed between the first heating fluid flowing in the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16 and the liquefied gas in the liquid state stored in the case 15, and most of the main component of the liquefied gas is vaporized. Therefore, a lead-out portion 41 for leading out the vaporized main component gas to the outside of the housing 15 is provided at the upper portion of the housing 15. A delivery pipe 42 is connected to the delivery unit 41, and the main component gas is delivered to the demand side through the delivery pipe 42.

On the other hand, a liquefied gas in a liquid state containing a high boiling point component that is not gasified by heat exchange with the first heating fluid is stored in the housing 15. Therefore, a liquid outflow portion 45 for allowing the liquefied gas in a liquid state containing a high boiling point component to flow out of the housing 15 is provided at the bottom of the housing 15. The liquid outflow portion 45 may be located on the bottom surface of the main body portion 21, but may be located on the lower end portion of the side surface of the main body portion 21.

A connection pipe 46 is connected to the liquid outflow portion 45, and the connection pipe 46 is provided with a heater 12 and a pump 47. The pump 47 introduces the liquefied gas in the liquid state stored in the housing 15 into the connection pipe 46 through the liquid outflow portion 45. The liquefied gas flowing through the connection pipe 46 by the operation of the pump 47 is introduced into the heater 12.

The pump 47 is set so that a predetermined amount of liquefied gas is led out of the housing 15 through the liquid outflow portion 45. That is, the pump 47 is set to discharge the liquefied gas containing the high boiling point component at the same flow rate as the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the housing 15 through the supply unit 35 from the housing 15. Therefore, if the pump 47 is operated, the liquefied gas containing the high boiling point component at the same flow rate as the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the housing 15 is discharged from the housing 15 through the liquid outflow portion 45. Therefore, even if continuous operation is continued in a state where liquefied gas is stored in the housing 15, the amount of high boiling point components contained in the liquefied gas stored in the housing 15 can be prevented from gradually increasing.

From the point of view, the pump 47 is set to: the ratio of the flow rate of the liquefied gas discharged from the liquid discharge portion 45 to the flow rate of the liquefied gas supplied into the housing 15 through the supply portion 35 is set to a value equal to or greater than the ratio of the amount of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas to the amount of the liquefied gas supplied through the supply portion 35. The "ratio of high boiling point components contained in liquefied gas" referred to herein may be a mass reference value (mass%) or a volume reference value (volume%).

In this case, the liquefied gas may flow in the connection pipe 46 based on a difference in height between the liquid surface of the liquefied gas in the housing 15 and the liquid surface of the liquefied gas in the heater 12, without providing the pump 47 in the connection pipe 46.

The heater 12 is a heat exchanger configured to gasify the liquefied gas introduced through the connection pipe 46 by the second heating fluid supplied from the outside. The second heating fluid is a fluid having a higher temperature than the first heating fluid, such as warm water, water vapor, or the like. The temperature of the second heating fluid may be higher than the boiling point of the high boiling point component. The gas vaporized by the heater 12 heated by the second heating fluid is sent to the demand side. Since the delivery pipe 42 is connected to the connection pipe 46, the gas vaporized by the second heating fluid is joined to the gas delivered from the housing 15 by the delivery unit 41 and then delivered to the demand side.

When the vaporizer 10 configured as described above is operated, the liquefied gas supplied from the external pipe 39 to the supply portion 35 is supplied from the plurality of supply ports 38 into the housing 15, and is poured into the liquid surface of the liquefied gas in the housing 15. The liquefied gas stored in the casing 15 is gasified by exchanging heat with the first heating fluid flowing through the plurality of heat transfer pipes 16. Thus, the liquefied gas in the housing 15 is in a saturated pressure state. In this case, since the boiling point of the main component of the liquefied gas is lower than that of the high boiling point component, the main component is vaporized prior to the high boiling point component. The vaporized liquefied gas (main component) flows out of the guide pipe 42 through the guide portion 41. Liquefied gas that has not gasified is accumulated in the housing 15.

For example, in the case where ammonia is the main component and water is the high boiling point component, the specific gravity of water is larger than that of ammonia. Therefore, a portion of the liquefied gas in which more high boiling point components are dissolved easily moves toward the bottom of the housing 15. That is, the concentration of the high boiling point component in the liquefied gas stored in the housing 15 is more likely to be increased in the lower part than in the upper part.

The liquefied gas stored in the casing 15 is pumped out from the liquid outflow portion 45 at the bottom of the casing 15 by the operation of the pump 47, and is sent to the heater 12. At this time, liquefied gas containing a higher boiling point component at a flow rate higher than that of the higher boiling point component supplied into the housing 15 is discharged from the housing 15 through the liquid outflow portion 45.

The liquefied gas flowing into the heater 12 is heated by heat exchange with the second heating fluid to be gasified. At this time, both ammonia, which is a main component of the liquefied gas, and water, which is a high boiling point component, are gasified. The gas vaporized in the heater 12 is supplied to the demand side through the connection pipe 46.

In the present embodiment, the heater 12 is configured to vaporize the high boiling point component, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a configuration may be adopted in which the high boiling point component is not vaporized in the heater 12. In this case, only the main component in the gaseous state may be supplied to the demand side after the main component is separated from the high boiling point component.

In the vaporizer 10 configured as described above, most of the main component in the liquefied gas flowing into the housing 15 is heated and vaporized by heat exchange with the first heating fluid flowing through the plurality of heat transfer pipes 16. The vaporized main component is led out of the housing 15 by the lead-out portion 41. On the other hand, the unvaporized high boiling point component remains in the liquefied gas stored in the housing 15. However, since the liquefied gas accumulated in the bottom of the housing 15 is extracted outside the housing 15 through the liquid outflow portion 45, accumulation of high boiling components in the housing 15 can be suppressed. The liquefied gas containing the high boiling point component flowing out from the liquid outflow portion 45 can be gasified by the heater 12 and supplied to the demand side. Further, since the second heating fluid used in the heater 12 heats only the liquefied gas that is not gasified in the housing 15, the amount of the second heating fluid used can be prevented from becoming excessively large.

Further, in the liquefied gas in the case 15, when the specific gravity of the high boiling point component is higher than that of the main component, the concentration of the high boiling point component on the lower side tends to be higher than that on the upper side, and particularly, the concentration of the high boiling point component tends to be higher at the bottom of the case 15. Therefore, more high boiling point components can be extracted by the liquid outflow portion 45 disposed at the bottom of the housing 15, and accumulation of high boiling point components in the housing 15 can be further suppressed.

On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the supply port 38 of the supply unit 35 is located above the liquid surface of the liquefied gas stored in the housing 15, and the liquefied gas supplied through the supply unit 35 merges with the liquefied gas stored in the housing 15 from the liquid surface side. Since the liquid surface is located above the heat transfer pipe 16, the supplied liquefied gas can be prevented from flowing out of the housing 15 through the liquid outflow portion 45 without exchanging heat with the first heating fluid in the heat transfer pipe 16. Therefore, heat exchange between the first heating fluid and the liquefied gas can be efficiently performed within the housing 15.

In the present embodiment, the main component and the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas are vaporized by heat exchange with the second heating fluid in the heater 12. Therefore, the gaseous main component and the high boiling point component can be supplied to the demand side.

In the vaporizer 10 of the present embodiment, the ratio of the flow rate of the liquefied gas discharged from the liquid discharge portion 45 to the flow rate of the liquefied gas supplied into the housing 15 through the supply portion 35 is equal to or greater than the ratio of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied through the supply portion 35. Therefore, the flow rate of the high boiling point component flowing out of the housing 15 is equal to or higher than the flow rate of the high boiling point component supplied into the housing 15. That is, the liquefied gas containing the high boiling point component at the same flow rate or more than the flow rate corresponding to the ratio of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the housing 15 is discharged from the housing 15 through the liquid outflow portion 45. Therefore, the ratio of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas stored in the housing 15 can be prevented from increasing without limitation. Therefore, the high boiling point components in the liquefied gas stored in the housing 15 can be prevented from being concentrated without limitation.

In addition, in the vaporizer 10, the liquefied gas containing the high boiling point component at the same flow rate as the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the housing 15 is discharged from the housing 15, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the ratio of the high boiling point component in the liquefied gas supplied to the housing 15 may be the same as the ratio of the high boiling point component in the liquefied gas flowing out of the housing 15 (equilibrium state).

The heater 12 may be provided in the delivery pipe 42 to heat the main component before joining with the connection pipe 46. In addition, the heater 12 may be omitted. In these cases, the liquefied gas flowing through the connection pipe 46 is gasified by merging with the main component flowing through the delivery pipe 42.

< second embodiment >

A gasifier 10 according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 2. Here, the same components as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In the gasifier 10 according to the second embodiment, the delivery pipe 42 merges with the connection pipe 46 on the upstream side of the heater 12 and on the downstream side of the pump 47. Therefore, the gaseous main component flowing out from the lead-out portion 41 and the liquefied gas flowing out from the liquid outflow portion 45 are merged and then led to the heater 12. In this way, in the heater 12, not only the liquefied gas flowing out from the liquid outflow portion 45 but also the gaseous main component guided out from the guiding portion 41 is heated. Therefore, the temperature of the gaseous main component can be raised to a higher temperature, and thus a demand for high-temperature gas can be satisfied.

The description of the first embodiment may be applied to the second embodiment, although other configurations, operations, and effects are not described.

< third embodiment >

A gasifier 10 according to a third embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 3. Here, the same components as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In the second embodiment, the gaseous main component flowing through the lead-out portion 41 and the liquefied gas flowing through the liquid outflow portion 45 are joined before being introduced into the heater 12. In contrast, in the third embodiment, the gaseous main component flowing through the lead-out portion 41 and the liquefied gas flowing through the liquid outflow portion 45 are not joined together but are individually introduced into the heater 12.

The heater 12 is formed of a laminated heat exchanger including a first low-temperature layer having a plurality of flow paths communicating with the delivery pipe 42, a second low-temperature layer having a plurality of flow paths communicating with the connection pipe 46, and a high-temperature layer having a plurality of flow paths into which a second heating fluid is introduced. In the first low temperature layer, the gaseous main component is heated to become a higher temperature main component. On the other hand, in the second low-temperature layer, the liquefied gas in the liquid state is gasified to become a gas. The main component heated in the first low-temperature layer and the gas vaporized in the second low-temperature layer are led out from the heater 12, and are joined and supplied to the demand side. In addition, the main component heated in the first low-temperature layer and the gas vaporized in the second low-temperature layer may be joined in the heater 12.

In the third embodiment, the temperature of the gaseous main component flowing out from the lead-out portion 41 can be increased to a higher temperature.

The description of the second embodiment may be applied to the third embodiment, although other configurations, operations, and effects are not described.

< other embodiments >

The embodiments disclosed herein are examples in all respects and should not be construed as limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, not by the description above, but by the claims, and includes the meaning equivalent to the claims and all modifications within the scope.

In the first to third embodiments, the supply pipe 36 of the supply unit 35 is disposed so as to be located above the liquid surface of the liquefied gas stored in the housing 15, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, as shown in fig. 4, if the supply pipe 36 is located above the lowest heat transfer pipe 16 among the plurality of heat transfer pipes 16, it may be located below the liquid surface of the liquefied gas. In this configuration, the liquefied gas supplied into the housing 15 through the supply unit 35 can be prevented from flowing out of the housing 15 through the liquid outflow unit 45 without exchanging heat with the first heating fluid in the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16. Therefore, heat exchange between the first heating fluid and the liquefied gas can be efficiently performed within the housing 15. The position of the supply pipe 36 may be a height position between the uppermost heat transfer pipe 16 and the lowermost heat transfer pipe 16, or a height position between the uppermost heat transfer pipe 16 and the liquid surface.

In the first to third embodiments, in the main heat exchanger 11, the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16 are formed so as to extend in one direction from the first tube plate 22 toward the second tube plate 23, but the configuration is not limited thereto. For example, the plurality of heat transfer pipes 16 may be formed in a U-shape. In this case, the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16 are connected at both ends to the first tube sheet 22, and the inlet chamber 25 and the outlet chamber 26 are adjacent to the ends of the first tube sheet side in the case 15.

The embodiments are described generally herein.

(1) The vaporizer according to the embodiment is a vaporizer for vaporizing a liquefied gas containing a main component and a high boiling point component having a boiling point higher than that of the main component, and includes: a housing; a supply unit configured to supply the liquefied gas into the housing; a plurality of heat transfer pipes disposed in the housing and into which a first heating fluid having a temperature at which the main component of the liquefied gas is vaporized is introduced; a lead-out unit that leads out the main component gasified in the housing from the housing; and a liquid outflow unit disposed at the bottom of the housing and configured to flow out the liquefied gas stored in the housing from the housing. The vaporizer vaporizes the main component contained in the liquefied gas that is led out from the housing through the liquid outflow portion.

In the vaporizer, most of the main component of the liquefied gas is vaporized by heat exchange between the liquefied gas stored in the housing and the first heating fluid in the heat transfer pipe. The gasified gas is led out of the casing through the lead-out portion. On the other hand, the unvaporized high boiling point component remains in the liquefied gas stored in the housing. However, the liquefied gas accumulated in the bottom of the housing is extracted out of the housing through the liquid outflow portion. Therefore, accumulation of high boiling point components in the housing can be suppressed. Therefore, the high boiling point component in the liquefied gas stored in the housing can be prevented from being gradually concentrated. Further, since the liquefied gas containing the high boiling point component flowing out through the liquid outflow portion is gasified, the main component extracted from the housing in a liquid state can be obtained in a gaseous state.

(2) The supply unit may have a supply port for supplying the liquefied gas into the housing, and in this case, the supply port may be located above a lowermost heat transfer pipe among the plurality of heat transfer pipes in the housing.

In this configuration, the liquefied gas supplied into the housing through the supply port of the supply portion can be prevented from flowing out of the housing through the liquid outflow portion without exchanging heat with the first heating fluid in the heat transfer pipe. Therefore, heat exchange between the first heating fluid and the liquefied gas can be efficiently performed within the housing.

(3) The supply unit may have a supply port for supplying the liquefied gas into the housing, and in this case, the supply port may be located above a liquid surface of the liquefied gas stored in the housing.

In this configuration, the liquefied gas supplied through the supply port of the supply unit merges with the liquefied gas stored in the housing from the liquid surface side. Therefore, the supplied liquefied gas can be prevented from flowing out of the casing through the liquid outflow portion without exchanging heat with the first heating fluid in the heat transfer pipe. Accordingly, heat exchange between the first heating fluid and the liquefied gas can be efficiently performed in the housing.

(4) The gasifier may also include: and a heater configured to gasify the main component contained in the liquefied gas led out from the housing through the liquid outflow portion by heat exchange with a second heating fluid. In this case, the heater may further heat the gaseous main component guided out by the guiding-out portion.

In this configuration, the temperature of the main component of the liquefied gas discharged from the discharge unit can be increased to a higher temperature, so that the demand for high-temperature gas can be satisfied.

(5) The vaporizer may vaporize the high-boiling-point component contained in the liquefied gas discharged from the housing through the liquid discharge portion.

In this structure, the gaseous main component and the high boiling point component can be supplied to the demand side.

(6) The gasifier may also include: and a heater configured to gasify the main component contained in the liquefied gas led out from the housing through the liquid outflow portion by heat exchange with a second heating fluid. In this configuration, the main component contained in the liquefied gas can be vaporized by the heat of the second heating fluid.

(7) In the gasifier, it may be: the ratio of the flow rate of the liquefied gas discharged from the liquid discharge portion to the flow rate of the liquefied gas supplied into the housing through the supply portion is a value equal to or greater than the ratio of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied through the supply portion.

In this configuration, the liquefied gas containing the high boiling point component in a proportion equal to or higher than the proportion of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the housing is discharged from the housing through the liquid outflow portion. Therefore, the amount of the high boiling point component discharged from the housing can be set to an amount equal to or larger than the amount of the high boiling point component supplied into the housing. Therefore, the proportion of the high-boiling-point component contained in the liquefied gas stored in the housing can be prevented from increasing without limitation, and therefore, the high-boiling-point component in the liquefied gas stored in the housing can be prevented from being concentrated without limitation.

(8) In the gasifier, it may be: the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the housing through the supply portion is the same as the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas flowing out from the liquid outflow portion.

In this structure, an increase in the amount of high boiling point components contained in the liquefied gas stored in the housing is suppressed. Therefore, the concentration of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas stored in the housing can be prevented.

(9) The liquefied gas may be liquid ammonia containing moisture and the first heating fluid may be water.

In this structure, the ammonia gas can be obtained by heating the liquid ammonia with water such as seawater or industrial water. Therefore, ammonia gas is obtained while preventing the running cost from becoming excessive.

(10) The gasification method according to the embodiment is a method of gasifying a liquefied gas containing a main component and a high boiling point component having a boiling point higher than that of the main component, and includes: supplying the liquefied gas into the housing; introducing a first heating fluid having a temperature at which the main component of the liquefied gas is vaporized into a plurality of heat transfer tubes located in the housing; the main component gasified in the housing is led out from the housing through a lead-out part of the housing; flowing the liquefied gas stored in the housing out of the housing through a liquid outflow portion located at a bottom of the housing; and vaporizing the main component contained in the liquefied gas guided out of the housing through the liquid outflow portion.

(11) In the gasification method, it may be: the liquefied gas is led out from the liquid outflow portion so that a ratio of a flow rate of the liquefied gas led out from the liquid outflow portion to a flow rate of the liquefied gas supplied into the housing becomes a value equal to or greater than a ratio of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the housing.

(12) In the gasification method, it may be: the liquefied gas is led out from the liquid outflow portion so that the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the housing is the same as the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas flowing out from the liquid outflow portion.

As described above, in the case of vaporizing the liquefied gas containing the main component and the high-boiling-point component having a boiling point higher than that of the main component, accumulation of the high-boiling-point component in the housing can be suppressed.

Claims

1. A vaporizer for vaporizing a liquefied gas containing a main component and a high boiling point component having a boiling point higher than that of the main component, comprising:

a housing;

a supply unit configured to supply the liquefied gas into the housing;

a plurality of heat transfer pipes disposed in the housing and into which a first heating fluid having a temperature at which the main component of the liquefied gas is vaporized is introduced;

a lead-out unit that leads out the main component gasified in the housing from the housing; and

a liquid outflow portion disposed at a bottom of the housing and configured to flow out the liquefied gas stored in the housing from the housing,

the vaporizer vaporizes the main component contained in the liquefied gas that is led out from the housing through the liquid outflow portion.

2. A gasifier according to claim 1 wherein,

the supply part is provided with a supply port for supplying the liquefied gas into the shell,

the supply port is located above a lowermost heat transfer tube of the plurality of heat transfer tubes within the housing.

3. A gasifier according to claim 1 wherein,

the supply port is located above a liquid surface of the liquefied gas stored in the housing.

4. A gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:

a heater for vaporizing the main component contained in the liquefied gas discharged from the housing through the liquid discharge portion by heat exchange with a second heating fluid,

the heater also heats the gaseous main component guided out by the guiding-out portion.

5. A gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

the vaporizer vaporizes the high-boiling-point component contained in the liquefied gas that is led out from the housing through the liquid outflow portion.

6. A gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:

and a heater configured to gasify the main component contained in the liquefied gas led out from the housing through the liquid outflow portion by heat exchange with a second heating fluid.

7. A gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

the ratio of the flow rate of the liquefied gas discharged from the liquid discharge portion to the flow rate of the liquefied gas supplied into the housing through the supply portion is a value equal to or greater than the ratio of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied through the supply portion.

8. A gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the housing through the supply portion is the same as the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas flowing out from the liquid outflow portion.

9. A gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

the liquefied gas is liquid ammonia containing moisture and the first heating fluid is water.

10. A gasification method for gasifying a liquefied gas containing a main component and a high boiling point component having a boiling point higher than that of the main component, characterized by comprising:

supplying the liquefied gas into the housing;

introducing a first heating fluid having a temperature at which the main component of the liquefied gas is vaporized into a plurality of heat transfer tubes located in the housing;

guiding the main component vaporized in the housing by heat exchange with the first heating fluid from the housing through a guiding portion of the housing;

flowing the liquefied gas stored in the housing out of the housing through a liquid outflow portion located at a bottom of the housing;

and vaporizing the main component contained in the liquefied gas guided out of the housing through the liquid outflow portion.

11. A gasification process according to claim 10 wherein the gasification process comprises the steps of,

the liquefied gas is led out from the liquid outflow portion so that a ratio of a flow rate of the liquefied gas led out from the liquid outflow portion to a flow rate of the liquefied gas supplied into the housing becomes a value equal to or greater than a ratio of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the housing.

12. A gasification process according to claim 10 wherein the gasification process comprises the steps of,

the liquefied gas is led out from the liquid outflow portion so that the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the housing is the same as the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas flowing out from the liquid outflow portion.