CN1165930A - 具备可变反馈的重型装备用控制阀 - Google Patents

具备可变反馈的重型装备用控制阀 Download PDF

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CN1165930A
CN1165930A CN96120887A CN96120887A CN1165930A CN 1165930 A CN1165930 A CN 1165930A CN 96120887 A CN96120887 A CN 96120887A CN 96120887 A CN96120887 A CN 96120887A CN 1165930 A CN1165930 A CN 1165930A
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feedback
valve
pressure
control valve
oil
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郑大承
李亮求
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Volvo Construction Equipment AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/0401—Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor
    • F15B13/0402—Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor for linearly sliding valves, e.g. spool valves
    • F15B13/0403—Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor for linearly sliding valves, e.g. spool valves a secondary valve member sliding within the main spool, e.g. for regeneration flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2217—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives with energy recovery arrangements, e.g. using accumulators, flywheels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2264—Arrangements or adaptations of elements for hydraulic drives
    • E02F9/2267—Valves or distributors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/024—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member by means of differential connection of the servomotor lines, e.g. regenerative circuits
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    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
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    • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/024—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member by means of differential connection of the servomotor lines, e.g. regenerative circuits
    • F15B2011/0243—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member by means of differential connection of the servomotor lines, e.g. regenerative circuits the regenerative circuit being activated or deactivated automatically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/024—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member by means of differential connection of the servomotor lines, e.g. regenerative circuits
    • F15B2011/0246—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member by means of differential connection of the servomotor lines, e.g. regenerative circuits with variable regeneration flow
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30525—Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
    • F15B2211/3053—In combination with a pressure compensating valve
    • F15B2211/3055—In combination with a pressure compensating valve the pressure compensating valve is arranged between directional control valve and return line
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/31—Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3105—Neutral or centre positions
    • F15B2211/3116—Neutral or centre positions the pump port being open in the centre position, e.g. so-called open centre
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B2211/31—Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3122—Special positions other than the pump port being connected to working ports or the working ports being connected to the return line
    • F15B2211/3133—Regenerative position connecting the working ports or connecting the working ports to the pump, e.g. for high-speed approach stroke
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
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    • F15B2211/3144—Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element the positions being continuously variable, e.g. as realised by proportional valves
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/315—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit
    • F15B2211/3157—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit being connected to a pressure source, an output member and a return line
    • F15B2211/31576—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit being connected to a pressure source, an output member and a return line having a single pressure source and a single output member
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具备有可变反馈的重型装备用的控制阀，这种控制阀的特征是：在具备在执行器的动作回路的回流通道与油槽通路之间设以反馈通路，在反馈通路上设有检测阀以防从供给一侧向回流一侧的反流，在反馈通路与油槽通路之间设置可以调节开口量的反馈切换阀柱，同时上述反馈切换阀柱使供给一侧通路的压力与阀门弹簧的压力之间相互作用并进行切换以控制将被反馈的压油量的反馈功能的重型装备用的控制阀中，被构成为具有设于决定上述切换阀柱的切换压力的阀门弹簧的端部并采用用外部信号使之移动的办法来调整上述阀门弹簧的弹力的装置。

Description

具备可变反馈的重型装备用控制阀
本发明涉及一种具备可变反馈的重型装备用的控制阀，特别是涉及一种具备有已作成为运用于挖掘机的悬臂(Boom)或摇臂(Arm)且可用外部信号选择反馈功能的具备可变反馈的重型装备用控制阀。
反馈(Regeneration)指的是用对在一个执行器的回流一侧所产生的流量进行还原并补充给供给一侧的办法防止因在供给一侧的流量不足而产生的气穴(cavitation)以得到圆滑的动作速度这一过程。
这样的反馈，作为其前提条件要求可用磁重进行动作而不是由该执行器供给流量。比如，在挖掘机的情况下，被作成为把在悬臂下降时用自重所得到的高压的回流量在悬臂上升的时候作用。附图1的概略图示出了具有这种反馈功能的现有的悬臂控制阀，图2的油压电路图示出了图1的反馈装置。
如附图所示，油压泵P和悬臂油缸ARM用油路101a，101b连续起来，并在它们之间设有悬臂控制阀CV。悬臂控制阀CV借助于操作手的操作信号11，31进行的内部油路的切换连接用控制从油压泵P供往悬臂油缸ARM的动作油的办法来决定悬臂油缸ARM的动作和动作方向。即在悬臂控制阀CV位于中立位置时，由于除中央分流(by-pass)油路103之外的油路全都关断，故油压泵P的吐出流量不能供往悬臂油缸ARM，因而通过中央分流油路103返回生油槽53。
具备有反馈功能的悬臂控制阀CV用磁重频繁地进行动作的情况下，在阀门块的内部在油块通路(CB)和油槽通路T之间设有反馈通路R，并作成为使得在连结该反馈通路R与油槽通路T的通路45和通路51之间的以适当的面积产生予流孔(orifice)效应以对油路101b形成压力，把回授往油缸通路CB的流量用反馈油路47、检测阀29和油路48再次反馈供往悬壁油缸ARM的大容器，一部分则通过通路45和通路51返回油槽通路T。
因此，借由磁重，悬臂油缸ARM动作的情况下，借助于悬臂油缸ARM的动作速度为返回一侧的排出流量所左右，用在返回一侧形成恒定的静压使回流油的一部分在供给一侧反馈的办法，防止了供给一侧的气穴。
此外，在挖掘机进行挖掘作业时，在悬臂的进入(IN)动作时，由于供给一侧的压力将上升，故由反馈通路R和油槽通路T之间的预流孔所产生的背压(反压)结果变成为回作动作电路的损失，故在把供给一侧的压力借以通路49传递主活塞24且该压力变得比阀门弹簧25的弹力还大的情况下，把反馈切换阀柱(spool)22推往右侧加宽反馈通路R与油槽通路T之间的开口以除去节流孔效果，减少该背压以使用低感损耗的反馈电路和反馈取消电路。
但是，借由这样地磁气压(由泵P往供给一侧的动作油的油压)取消反馈的电路中，由于反馈的取消由活塞的水压面积和本身为常数值的阀门弹簧的弹力之间的相对的力的大小关系决定，故结果是不可能用外部的信号来控制反馈和反馈的取消。因此，即使是背压所产生的损失减小，也不能进行借助于提高取消反馈的压力使之强制性反馈的办法，在挖掘过程中也可增加由反馈而产生的油缸中的供给以提高挖掘速度，或者降低取消反馈的压力以减少因背压而形成的损失来提高挖掘力之类的对反馈取消时刻的变更所进行的合适的对应。
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种具备可变反馈的重型装备用的控制阀，借由磁气压取消反馈的电路，反馈的电路中取消反馈的时刻采用可变的办法，调整被反馈的油压的流量以调整该执行器的速度。
上述本发明的目的可用提供一种具备有可变反馈的重型装备用的控制阀的办法来实现。上述控制阀的特征是：在执行器的动作回路的返回通路与油槽通路之间设置反馈通路，再在反馈通路上设置检测阀以防止从供给一侧反流到返回一侧，再在反馈通路与油槽通路之间设置可以调节开口量的反馈切换阀柱，同时，上述反馈切换阀柱采用使供给一侧的通路压力与阀门弹簧的压力相互作用以进行切换的办法，控制被反馈的压流量的具备有反馈功能的重装备用的控制阀中，被构成为具备有设于决定切换阀柱的切换压力的阀门弹簧的端部并用由外部信号使之移动的办法来调整上述阀门弹簧的弹力的装置。
依据本发明的所希望的特征，上述装置是与由上述外部信号输入的电气量成比例并介以输出压油的电磁比例阀门进行传递以连续地进行位移的活塞。
以下根据附图对本发明的理想的实施例进行说明。首先，对附图进行简单说明。
图1是具备有现有的反馈功能的挖掘机悬臂的控制阀的概略图。
图2是与图1的悬臂控制阀相关连的油压回路图。
图3是具备本发明的一个实施例的可变反馈功能的悬臂控制阀的概略图。
图4是与图3的悬臂控制阀相关连的油压回路图。
在说明本实施例之前，先说明一点，对于那些与已用图1和图2说明过的现有技术实质上相同的构成要素赋予相同的标号而不进行详细的重复说明。
附图3是具备有本发明的一个实施例的可变反馈装置的挖掘机的悬壁控制阀的概略图，图4是与图3中的悬臂控制阀相关连的油压回路图。
具备有本实施例的可变反馈的重型装备用的控制阀，如图所示，在与悬臂油缸ARM的小容器相连的油路101b与沿着悬臂控制阀CV的阀柱的移动而连结起来的返回通路CH与油槽通路T之间设以反馈通路R，在反馈通路R上设有检测阀29以防从供给通路P向返回通路CH反流，在反馈通路R与油槽通路之间设有可以调节开口量的反馈切换阀柱22，同时上述反馈切换阀柱22用使向供给通路P供给泵的压油的油路20的压力与阀门弹簧25的压力相互作用以进行切换的办法来控制将被反馈的压流量。
具备有本实施例的可变反馈功能的重型装备用的控制阀被构成为具有设于决定反馈切换阀柱22的切换压力的阀门弹簧25的端部并用由外部信号55使之移动的办法来调整阀门弹簧25的弹力的活塞23。
上述外部信号55借以输出压油的电磁比例阀等等与要输入的电气量成比例地进行传递使活塞的位置移动变成为连续的。
以下，对这样构成的本实施例的动作及效果进行说明。
当供给操作信号31并把控制阀CV切换到第1状态I之后，控制阀CV就向右移动，悬臂油缸ARM的返回流量借以油缸的回流通路CH供往反馈通路R，采用使在反馈通路R与油槽通路T之间，在通路45与通路51之间以合适的面积设置节流孔效应在反馈通路R中形成压力的办法，使借以通路45和51回流至油槽通路T的回流流量中的一部分用反馈油路47、检测阀29和油路48再次进行反馈并借以通路49作用于活塞24上。该活塞24的加压力与阀门弹簧25的弹力作用到反馈切换阀柱22上。这时，阀门弹簧25的弹性力随着用可变且被供给的外部操作信号55使之动作的活塞23的变化而变化。
因此，如果作用于活塞24上的压力可变且比***作的阀门弹簧25的弹力的相对压力大则把反馈切换阀柱22向右推以除去节流孔效果。因此，采用使反馈通路P的压力变小的办法，减小或取消再供往供给通路P的反馈流量并借以回流通路CH从悬臂油缸ARM排出的压油回流至油槽通路T。
反过来，在想加快悬臂油缸ARM的动作速度的情况下，采用加大作用于活塞23上的引导压的办法，加大阀门弹簧25的弹力所产生的相对压力并使作用到活塞24上的压力比相对压力小的话，则反馈切换阀柱22变成为用阀门弹簧25的弹力维持原来的状态不变并增多再供往供给通路P的反馈流量。
如以上说明过的那样，倘采用本发明的重型装备所用的可变反馈装置，则具有在对于本身为使反馈切换阀柱移动的手段的磁气压设置对以相对压起作用的阀门弹簧的弹力进行控制的手段并采用控制取消反馈的相对压力的办法使悬臂进行挖掘作业等等的情况下，用增大可变且从外供给的操作信号的压力的办法，提高取消反馈的压力以减少由很小的背压所产生的损失并采用使排出至回流通路的压油强制进行反馈的办法，使得即使在挖掘中也可用反馈增多供往油缸的流量以加快挖掘速度，降低取消反馈的压力减小背压造成的损失以提高挖掘力的效果。

Claims (2)

1.一种具备有可变反馈的重型装备用的控制阀，其特征是：
在执行器的动作回路的回流通路与油槽通路之间设有反馈通路，并在反馈通路上设置检查阀门以防从供给一侧向回流一侧反流，在反馈通路与油槽通路之间设置可以调节开口量的反馈切换阀柱(spool)，同时，上述反馈切换阀柱用使供给一侧通路的压力与阀门弹簧的压力相互作用并进行切换的办法来将被反馈的压流量的反馈功能的重型装备用的控制阀中，
被构成为具备有设于决定上述切换阀柱的切换压力的阀门弹簧的端部并采用由外部信号使之移动的办法来调整上述阀门弹簧的弹力的装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具备有可变反馈的重型装备用的控制阀，其特征是上述装置是一个借以与由上述外部信号输入的气量成比例地排出压油的磁比例阀门进行传达并连续地进行位移的活塞。
CN96120887A 1996-05-21 1996-12-11 具备可变反馈功能的重型装备用控制阀 Expired - Fee Related CN1095960C (zh)

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