CN1095960C - 具备可变反馈功能的重型装备用控制阀 - Google Patents

具备可变反馈功能的重型装备用控制阀 Download PDF

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CN1095960C
CN1095960C CN96120887A CN96120887A CN1095960C CN 1095960 C CN1095960 C CN 1095960C CN 96120887 A CN96120887 A CN 96120887A CN 96120887 A CN96120887 A CN 96120887A CN 1095960 C CN1095960 C CN 1095960C
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control valve
valve
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CN1165930A (zh
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郑大承
李亮求
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Volvo Construction Equipment AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/0401—Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor
    • F15B13/0402—Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor for linearly sliding valves, e.g. spool valves
    • F15B13/0403—Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor for linearly sliding valves, e.g. spool valves a secondary valve member sliding within the main spool, e.g. for regeneration flow
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2217—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives with energy recovery arrangements, e.g. using accumulators, flywheels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
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    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
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    • F15B2011/0243—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member by means of differential connection of the servomotor lines, e.g. regenerative circuits the regenerative circuit being activated or deactivated automatically
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    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
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    • F15B2011/0246—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member by means of differential connection of the servomotor lines, e.g. regenerative circuits with variable regeneration flow
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30525—Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
    • F15B2211/3053—In combination with a pressure compensating valve
    • F15B2211/3055—In combination with a pressure compensating valve the pressure compensating valve is arranged between directional control valve and return line
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/31—Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3105—Neutral or centre positions
    • F15B2211/3116—Neutral or centre positions the pump port being open in the centre position, e.g. so-called open centre
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
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    • F15B2211/3122—Special positions other than the pump port being connected to working ports or the working ports being connected to the return line
    • F15B2211/3133—Regenerative position connecting the working ports or connecting the working ports to the pump, e.g. for high-speed approach stroke
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    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
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    • F15B2211/3144—Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element the positions being continuously variable, e.g. as realised by proportional valves
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    • F15B2211/315—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit
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    • F15B2211/31576—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit being connected to a pressure source, an output member and a return line having a single pressure source and a single output member
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Abstract

一种具备可变反馈功能的重型装备用的控制阀，在动作机构的动作回路的回流通路与油箱通路之间设有反馈通路，并在反馈通路上设置防止从供给一侧向回流一侧反流的单向阀，在反馈通路与油箱通路之间设置可以调节开口量的反馈切换阀芯，同时，上述反馈切换阀芯用使供给一侧通路的压力与阀门弹簧的压力相互作用而进行切换的办法，来控制被反馈的压力油流量，其特征是：它具有调整上述阀门弹簧的弹力的装置，设于决定上述切换阀芯的切换压力的阀门弹簧的端部，根据外部信号可以移动，从而使阀门弹簧的弹力增减。

Description

具备可变反馈功能的重型装备用控制阀
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种具备可变反馈的重型装备用的控制阀，特别是涉及运用于挖掘机的悬臂(Boom)或摇臂(Arm)上，且可根据外部信号选择反馈功能的具备可变反馈功能的重型装备用控制阀。
背景技术：
反馈(Regeneration)指的是，使一个动作机构的回流一侧所产生的流量进行还原并补充给供给一侧，从而防止因在供给一侧的流量不足而产生的气穴(cavitation)，以得到圆滑的动作速度这一过程。
这样的反馈，作为其前提条件要求可用磁力进行动作而不是由该动作机构供给流量。比如，在挖掘机的情况下，把在悬臂下降时用自重所得到的高压的回流量在悬臂上升的时候作用。附图1的概略图示出了具有这种反馈功能的现有的悬臂控制阀，图2的油压回路图示出了图1的反馈装置。
如图所示，油压泵P和悬臂油缸ARM用油路101a，101b连接起来，并在它们之间设有悬臂控制阀CV。悬臂控制阀CV根据操作手的操作信号11，31进行内部油路的切换连接，控制从油压泵P供往悬臂油缸ARM的动作油，决定悬臂油缸ARM的动作和动作方向。即，在悬臂控制阀CV位于中立位置时，由于除中央分流(by-pass)油路103之外的油路全都关断，故油压泵P的吐出流量不能供往悬臂油缸ARM，因而通过中央分流油路103返回油箱53。
具有反馈功能的悬臂控制阀CV用磁力频繁地进行动作的情况下，在阀组的内部在油缸通路(CB)和油箱通路T之间设有反馈通路R，并使得连接该反馈通路R与油箱通路T的通路45和通路51之间，以适当的面积产生节流孔(orifice)效应，以对油路101b形成压力，把回流入油缸通路CB的流量用反馈油路47、止回阀29和油路48再次反馈供往悬臂油缸ARM的大油腔，一部分则通过通路45和通路51返回油箱通路T。
因此，悬臂油缸ARM借由磁力动作的情况下，借助于悬臂油缸ARM的动作速度为返回一侧的排出流量所左右，在返回一侧形成一定的背压，使回流油的一部分在供给一侧反馈，防止了供给一侧的气穴。
此外，在挖掘机进行挖掘作业时，在悬臂的进入(IN)动作时，由于供给一侧的压力将上升，故由反馈通路R和油箱通路T之间的节流孔所产生的背压(反压)结果变成为动作回路的损失，故在把供给一侧的压力借以通路49传递给活塞24且该压力变得比阀门弹簧25的弹力还大的情况下，把反馈切换阀芯(spool)22推往右侧，加宽反馈通路R与油箱通路T之间的开口，以除去节流孔效果，减少该背压，以使用低感损耗的反馈回路和反馈取消回路。
但是，借由这样的磁压(由泵P往供给一侧的动作油的油压)取消反馈的回路中，由于反馈的取消，由活塞的水压面积和本身为常数值的阀门弹簧的弹力之间的相对的力的大小关系决定，故结果是不可能用外部的信号来控制反馈和反馈的取消。因此，即使是背压所产生的损失减小，也不能借助于提高取消反馈的压力来产生强制性反馈的办法，在挖掘过程中增加由反馈而产生的油缸中的供给以提高挖掘速度，或者降低取消反馈的压力以减少因背压而形成的损失，提高挖掘力之类的对反馈取消时刻的变更进行合适的对应。
发明内容：
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种具备可变反馈功能的重型装备用的控制阀，借由磁压取消反馈的电路，取消反馈的电路中取消反馈的时刻采用可变的办法，调整被反馈的压力油的流量以调整该动作机构的速度。
上述本发明的目的可用提供一种具备有可变反馈的重型装备用的控制阀的办法来实现。该控制阀在动作机构的动作回路的返回通路与油箱通路之间设置反馈通路，在反馈通路上设置单向阀以防止从供给一侧反流到返回一侧，再在反馈通路与油箱通路之间设置可以调节开口量的反馈切换阀芯，同时，上述反馈切换阀芯采用使供给一侧的通路压力与阀门弹簧的压力相互作用以进行切换的办法，控制被反馈的压力油的流量，其特征是，它还具有调整上述阀门弹簧的弹力的装置，设于决定切换阀芯的切换压力的阀门弹簧的端部，并可由外部信号使之移动。
优选上述装置是活塞，由与上述外部信号输入的电气量成比例地输出压力油的电电磁阀进行传递，可连续地进行位移。
附图说明：
以下参照附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明。首先，对附图进行简单说明。附图中：
图1是现有的具有反馈功能的挖掘机悬臂的控制阀的概略图。
图2是与图1的悬臂控制阀相关连的油压回路图。
图3是本发明的一个实施例的具备可变反馈功能的悬臂控制阀的概略图。
图4是与图3的悬臂控制阀相关连的油压回路图。
具体实施方式：
在说明本实施例之前，先说明一点，以下对于那些与已用图1和图2说明过的与现有技术实质上相同的构成要素赋予相同的标号而不进行详细的重复说明。
图3是本发明的一个实施例的具备可变反馈功能的挖掘机的悬壁控制阀的概略图，图4是与图3中的悬臂控制阀相关连的油压回路图。
本实施例的具有可变反馈的重型装备用的控制阀，如图所示，在沿着悬臂控制阀CV的阀芯的移动路径而与悬臂油缸ARM的小油腔相连的油路101b连接起来的返回通路CH和油箱通路T之间设以反馈通路R，在反馈通路R上设有单向阀29以防从供给通路P向返回通路CH反流，在反馈通路R与油箱通路T之间设有可以调节开口量的反馈切换阀芯22，同时上述反馈切换阀芯22通过向供给通路P供给泵的压力油的油路20的压力与阀门弹簧25的压力相互作用以进行切换的办法，来控制被反馈的压力油流量。
本实施例的具有可变反馈功能的重型装备用的控制阀被构成为具有活塞23，它设于决定反馈切换阀芯22的切换压力的阀门弹簧25的端部，并用由外部信号55使之移动的办法来调整阀门弹簧25的弹力。
上述外部信号55通过与输入的电气量成比例地输出压力油的电磁阀来传递，使活塞的位置移动变成为连续的。
以下，对这样构成的本实施例的动作及效果进行说明。
当供给操作信号31并把控制阀CV切换到第1状态I之后，控制阀CV的阀芯就向右移动，悬臂油缸ARM的返回流量经由油缸的回流通路CH供往反馈通路R，采用使在反馈通路R与油箱通路T之间，在通路45与通路51之间以合适的面积设置节流孔效应，在反馈通路R中形成压力的办法，使由通路45和51回流至油箱通路T的回流流量中的一部分用反馈油路47、单向阀29和油路48再次进行反馈，并借通路49作用于活塞24上。加于该活塞24上的压力与阀门弹簧25的弹力作用到反馈切换阀芯22上，这时，阀门弹簧25的弹力随着用可变供给的外部操作信号55使之动作的活塞23的变化而变化。
因此，如果作用于活塞24上的压力可变，且比***作的阀门弹簧25的弹力的相对压力大，则把反馈切换阀芯22向右推，除去节流孔效果。因此，采用使反馈通路R的压力变小的办法，减小或取消再供往供给通路P的反馈流量，通过回流通路CH从悬臂油缸ARM排出的压力油回流至油箱通路T。
反过来，在想加快悬臂油缸ARM的动作速度的情况下，采用加大作用于活塞23上的控制压力，加大阀门弹簧25的弹力所产生的相对压力，并使作用到活塞24上的压力比相对压力小的话，则反馈切换阀芯22变成为用阀门弹簧25的弹力维持原来的状态不变并增多再供往供给通路P的反馈流量。
如以上说明过的那样，倘采用本发明的重型装备所用的可变反馈装置，对于本身为使反馈切换阀芯移动的手段的磁压，设置以相对压力起作用的阀门弹簧的弹力进行控制的手段，并采用控制取消反馈的相对压力的办法，使悬臂进行挖掘作业等等的情况下，用增大可变且从外供给的操作信号的压力的办法，提高取消反馈的压力，减少由很小的背压所产生的损失，并采用使排出至回流通路的压力油强制进行反馈的办法，使得即使在挖掘中也可用反馈增多供往油缸的流量以加快挖掘速度，降低取消反馈的压力减小背压造成的损失，以提高挖掘力。

Claims (2)

1.一种具备可变反馈功能的重型装备用的控制阀，
在动作机构的动作回路的回流通路与油箱通路之间设有反馈通路，并在反馈通路上设置防止从供给一侧向回流一侧反流的单向阀，在反馈通路与油箱通路之间设置可以调节开口量的反馈切换阀芯，同时，上述反馈切换阀芯用使供给一侧通路的压力与阀门弹簧的压力相互作用而进行切换的办法，来控制被反馈的压力油流量，其特征是：
它具有调整上述阀门弹簧的弹力的装置，设于决定上述切换阀芯的切换压力的阀门弹簧的端部，根据外部信号可以移动，从而使阀门弹簧的弹力增减。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具备可变反馈功能的重型装备用的控制阀，其特征是：上述弹力调整装置是一个活塞，根据上述外部信号，通过与输入的电气量成比例地输出压力油的电磁阀进行传递，该活塞可进行连续位移。
CN96120887A 1996-05-21 1996-12-11 具备可变反馈功能的重型装备用控制阀 Expired - Fee Related CN1095960C (zh)

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