CN116535227B - Preparation method of carbon fiber in-situ generation nano silver enhanced pantograph carbon slide plate - Google Patents

Preparation method of carbon fiber in-situ generation nano silver enhanced pantograph carbon slide plate Download PDF

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CN116535227B
CN116535227B CN202310816312.9A CN202310816312A CN116535227B CN 116535227 B CN116535227 B CN 116535227B CN 202310816312 A CN202310816312 A CN 202310816312A CN 116535227 B CN116535227 B CN 116535227B
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carbon
silver
carbon fiber
slide plate
aerosol
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CN116535227A (en
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吴广宁
伍瑶
张雨晗
杨泽锋
魏文赋
黄桂灶
李�杰
陈仕杰
高国强
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C04B35/83—Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/18—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles using bow-type collectors in contact with trolley wire
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    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
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Abstract

The application provides a preparation method of a carbon fiber in-situ generation nano silver enhanced pantograph carbon slide plate, which relates to the technical field of manufacture of pantograph slide plates, and is characterized in that the cleaned carbon fiber is placed on an insulating plate in a plasma generator under a vacuum condition, and a radio frequency power supply is started to enable the plasma generator to generate plasma; preparing a silver nitrate solution, and converting the silver nitrate solution into aerosol by using an aerosol generator; spraying the aerosol into plasma in an ion generator device to form carbon fibers loaded with silver nano particles; ultrasonically dispersing carbon powder, asphalt and carbon fibers loaded with silver nano particles, kneading, and sequentially carrying out hot rolling, crushing and stamping treatment to form a green body; the carbon fiber reinforced carbon-based pantograph slide plate with excellent comprehensive performance is obtained by bonding the calcined green embryo on the arched support frame after roasting, so as to match with a future electrified train and ensure the safety and reliability of train operation.

Description

Preparation method of carbon fiber in-situ generation nano silver enhanced pantograph carbon slide plate
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of manufacturing of pantograph slide plates, in particular to a preparation method of a carbon-fiber in-situ-generated nano-silver-reinforced pantograph carbon slide plate.
Background
The pantograph slide plate is a bearing interface for energy transmission of a high-speed train, and the comprehensive performance of the pantograph slide plate directly determines the energy supply and operation safety of the train. Along with the increase of the running speed of the train, the vibration impact of the bow net system is aggravated, and the contact interface of the pantograph slide plate and the contact line is subjected to multiple electric arcs, so that the slide plate is seriously ablated, cracking, chipping and the like occur, and the energy supply and the driving safety of the train are seriously threatened. The existing pure metal sliding plate has poor lubricating performance and serious damage to a contact wire; the pure carbon skateboard has poor impact strength and short service life; the oil content of the powder metallurgy sliding plate is low, a lubricating film is easy to lose efficacy in the friction process between the powder metallurgy sliding plate and a contact line under the current carrying condition, so that serious abrasion is caused, and the requirements of high speed and heavy load of a train are difficult to meet, so that development of a pantograph sliding plate with excellent comprehensive performance is urgently needed to match with a future electrified train, and the running safety and reliability of the train are ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a preparation method of a carbon slide plate of a nano silver reinforced pantograph by carbon fiber in-situ generation so as to solve the problems. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
the application provides a preparation method of a carbon fiber in-situ generation nano-silver reinforced pantograph carbon slide plate, which comprises the following steps:
placing the cleaned carbon fiber on an insulating plate in a plasma generator under a vacuum condition, and starting a radio frequency power supply to enable the plasma generator to generate plasma;
preparing a silver nitrate solution, and converting the silver nitrate solution into aerosol by using an aerosol generator;
spraying the aerosol into plasma in an ion generator device to form carbon fibers loaded with silver nano particles;
ultrasonically dispersing carbon powder, asphalt and carbon fibers loaded with silver nano particles, kneading, and then sequentially carrying out hot rolling, crushing and stamping treatment to form a green body;
and (3) roasting the green blanks and then bonding the green blanks on an arched support frame to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced carbon-based pantograph slide plate loaded with silver nano particles.
Further, the manufacturing process of the vacuum condition comprises the following steps:
introducing argon into the vacuum atmosphere bin, and simultaneously pumping air from the vacuum atmosphere bin to clean the vacuum atmosphere bin for 1-15 min;
placing the plasma generator into a cleaned vacuum atmosphere bin.
Further, the flowing speed of argon is not less than 4000 standard cubic centimeters per minute, and the pumping speed is not less than 4000 standard cubic centimeters per minute.
Further, the cleaning step of the carbon fiber comprises: and (3) placing the carbon fiber in an organic solvent for washing for 15-35 hours, and then placing the carbon fiber in a vacuum environment at 60-80 ℃ for drying.
Further, the preparation of the silver nitrate solution comprises the following steps:
weighing silver nitrate solids, pouring the silver nitrate solids into a beaker, adding deionized water into the beaker, and stirring the mixture by using a glass rod to dissolve the silver nitrate solids to form a solution;
after the solution is cooled, the solution is injected into a volumetric flask along a glass rod;
washing the beaker and the glass rod by using deionized water, and pouring the washed deionized water into a volumetric flask for complete mixing to obtain a silver nitrate standard solution;
and in a dark environment, dissolving the silver nitrate standard solution in a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and deionized water, and then placing the mixed solution in an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic mixing to obtain the silver nitrate solution.
Further, the ratio of the glycol to the deionized water in the mixed solution is 8:1, and the treatment time of ultrasonic waves on the mixed solution is 1-10 min.
Further, spraying the aerosol into a plasma in an ion generator device, the ion generator device including a dielectric barrier discharge mechanism therein, comprising:
and placing an atomizing nozzle of the aerosol generator in a gap between the side edges of two quartz glass plates in the dielectric barrier discharge mechanism, so that the aerosol generated by the aerosol generator directly enters the middle of the two quartz glass plates through the atomizing nozzle to react with plasma, wherein the reaction time is 1-10 min, and the diameter of the aerosol generated by the aerosol generator is not more than 3 microns.
Further, the peak value of the power supply of the plasma is voltage 1-20 k V, frequency 1-10 KHz, and discharge power 50-200W.
Further, after ultrasonic dispersion and kneading of carbon powder, asphalt and silver nanoparticle-loaded carbon fibers, hot rolling, crushing and stamping are sequentially carried out to form a green body, comprising the following steps:
kneading carbon powder, asphalt and silver nanoparticle-loaded carbon fiber for 20-50min at 100-450 ℃;
carrying out hot rolling on the kneaded carbon powder, asphalt and carbon fiber loaded with silver nano particles for 1-3 times at the temperature of 750-950 ℃ to obtain a hot rolled sheet;
and crushing and stamping the hot rolled sheet to obtain a green body.
Further, the green body is baked and then bonded on an arched support frame to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced carbon-based pantograph slide plate loaded with silver nano particles, which comprises the following steps:
heating to 150-200 ℃ at constant speed under normal pressure, and roasting the green embryo at constant temperature;
continuously heating to 600-800 ℃ at constant speed after pressurizing, and continuously roasting the green embryo at constant temperature;
and after the pressure is relieved to normal pressure, the temperature is raised by 1250-1500 ℃ at a constant speed again, the green body is continuously baked at a constant temperature and then is adhered to an arched support frame, and the carbon fiber reinforced carbon-based pantograph slide plate loaded with silver nano particles is obtained.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:
1. according to the method, the silver nitrate aerosol is prepared by adopting the ultrasonic atomization method, and then the silver nanoparticles which are uniformly distributed can be generated in situ within 3-5 min by treating the aerosol by using the plasma, so that the method does not need an additional reducing agent, a stabilizing agent or the auxiliary reduction of the silver nitrate with the temperature requirement, and the method is rapid in reaction, soft in treatment method, pollution-free, simple in preparation and easy in industrial production.
2. The specific surface area of silver nano particles loaded on the carbon fiber is large, more action sites can be provided when the carbon fiber contacts with a matrix, and mechanical interlocking between the carbon fiber and the matrix is improved; and secondly, the nano particles can enhance the wettability and tensile strength of the carbon fiber, promote the interface combination of the fiber and the matrix, so that the interface debonding is not easy to occur when the composite material is subjected to strong external load, and the mechanical property is effectively improved.
3. Silver is the metal with the largest conductivity and heat conductivity, is uniformly dispersed in a large amount in the sliding plate to form a continuous electric and heat conduction path, effectively connects the matrix with the fiber to form a wider continuous conductive path network, reduces the contact resistance of the composite material, and further obtains higher electric conductivity and heat conductivity coefficient, thereby effectively improving the performance of the sliding plate and achieving the purpose of prolonging the service life of the sliding plate.
Additional features and advantages of the application will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the embodiments of the application. The objectives and other advantages of the application will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a preparation process for a carbon fiber in-situ generation nano-silver enhanced pantograph carbon slide plate.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only to distinguish the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a method for preparing a carbon slide plate of a nano-silver reinforced pantograph by carbon fiber in-situ generation, which comprises the following steps:
s01, cleaning a vacuum atmosphere bin: cleaning, namely pumping air into the vacuum atmosphere bin while introducing argon into the vacuum atmosphere bin to clean the vacuum atmosphere bin for 1-15 min;
specifically, argon is introduced into a vacuum atmosphere chamber by using a working gas generator, and simultaneously, a vacuum pump is used for pumping air from the vacuum atmosphere chamber, the flowing speed of the argon is observed by using mass flow meters arranged on the working gas generator and the vacuum pump, and the flowing speed of the argon is regulated to be more than or equal to 4000 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm), and the pumping speed is regulated to be more than or equal to 4000 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm).
S02, cleaning carbon fibers: and (3) placing the carbon fiber in an organic solvent for washing for 15-35 hours, and then placing the carbon fiber in a vacuum environment at 60-80 ℃ for drying.
Based on the above embodiment, the method further includes:
s1, placing the cleaned carbon fiber on an insulating plate in a plasma generator under a vacuum condition, and starting a radio frequency power supply to enable the plasma generator to generate plasma;
specifically, placing a plasma generator into a cleaned vacuum atmosphere bin, placing cleaned carbon fibers on an insulating plate between medium blocking discharge electrodes in the plasma generator, wherein the peak value of a power supply of the plasma is 1-20 k V, the frequency is 1-10 k Hz, and the discharge power is 50-200W;
based on the above embodiment, the method further includes:
s2, preparing a silver nitrate solution, and converting the silver nitrate solution into aerosol by using an aerosol generator, wherein the diameter of the aerosol generated by the aerosol generator is not more than 3 microns;
specifically, the step S2 includes:
s21, weighing silver nitrate solids, pouring the silver nitrate solids into a beaker, adding deionized water into the beaker, and stirring the mixture by using a glass rod to dissolve the silver nitrate solids to form a solution;
s22, after the solution is cooled, injecting the solution into a volumetric flask along a glass rod;
s23, cleaning the beaker and the glass rod by using deionized water, and pouring the cleaned deionized water into a volumetric flask for complete mixing to obtain a silver nitrate standard solution;
s24, dissolving a silver nitrate standard solution in a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and deionized water in a dark environment, placing the mixed solution in an ultrasonic cleaner, and uniformly mixing by ultrasonic waves to obtain a silver nitrate solution, wherein the treatment time of the ultrasonic waves on the mixed solution is 1-10 min;
in this example, the vapor pressure of the solvent is related to the evaporation rate, and a low vapor pressure solvent is advantageous for AgNO during in situ deposition of silver nanoparticles 3 By Ag + And NO 3 Form solvation of (2) and Ag + Diffusion in the aerosol, thus the addition of ethylene glycol is optional in the solvent configured. At the same time, the longer the solvent stays during plasma exposure, the aerosol remains micronThe longer the drop state is, the better the reaction related to conversion is maintained; the glycol has lower saturated vapor pressure and higher viscosity than deionized water, which is helpful for the silver nitrate aerosol to stay in the plasma for a longer time and promote Ag + The conversion to Ag, and then the wettability of aerosol and CF is better in the presence of glycol; the solution is dispensed with liquid that remains on the glass rod and small beaker resulting in a lower silver nitrate content than expected, and thus the washed liquid is poured into the dispensed liquid to reduce the loss of silver nitrate.
In this embodiment, the ratio of the ethylene glycol to the deionized water in the mixed solution is 8:1, so that the viscosity and the surface tension of the solution meet the requirements that the aerosol generator generates micron aerosol with uniform size, and the micron aerosol flows out through the nozzle.
In this example, ag in aerosol particles generated by homogeneously mixing the solution + The concentration is more similar, the concentration can be more dispersed and uniform in the subsequent plasma treatment and deposition, and the natural decomposition of the silver nitrate is reduced as much as possible when the operation is carried out in a dark environment.
Based on the above embodiment, the method further includes:
s3, spraying the aerosol into plasma in an ion generator device to form carbon fibers loaded with silver nano particles, specifically spraying the aerosol into the ion generator device, reducing silver ions into silver simple substances by the plasma, and curing and growing the silver simple substances into nano particles with the particle size of 10-60 nm on the surface of the carbon fibers through Ostwald to form the carbon fibers loaded with the silver nano particles;
specifically, an atomized glue nozzle of an aerosol generator is placed in a side gap of two quartz glass plates in a dielectric barrier discharge mechanism, so that aerosol generated by the aerosol generator directly enters the middle of the two quartz glass plates through the atomized glue nozzle to react with plasma for 1-10 min;
in this embodiment, compared with filling the nitrate aerosol in the whole vacuum atmosphere chamber, the direct spraying of the atomized aerosol into the plasma reduces the distance between the aerosol and the plasma, and the aerosol has a limited flow direction, so that the aerosol is promoted to further traverse the discharge region and stay in the plasma for a longer time.
Based on the above embodiment, the method further includes:
s4, performing ultrasonic dispersion and kneading on the superfine carbon powder, asphalt and the carbon fiber loaded with silver nano particles, and performing hot rolling, crushing and stamping in sequence to form a green body;
specifically, the step S4 includes:
s41, kneading carbon powder, asphalt and carbon fiber loaded with silver nano particles for 20-50min at the temperature of 100-450 ℃;
s42, hot-rolling the kneaded carbon powder, asphalt and silver nanoparticle-loaded carbon fiber for 1-3 times at the temperature of 750-950 ℃ to obtain a hot-rolled sheet;
s43, crushing the hot rolled sheet under the pressure of 300 kg/cm 2 And (3) stamping for 3 hours at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain a green body.
Based on the above embodiment, the method further includes:
s5, roasting the green blanks and then adhering the green blanks to an arched support frame to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced carbon-based pantograph slide plate loaded with silver nano particles;
specifically, the step S5 includes:
s51, heating to 200 ℃ at a constant speed of 5 ℃/h under normal pressure, and roasting the green embryo for 35min at a constant temperature of 200 ℃;
s52, pressurizing to 5MPa, heating to 800 ℃ at a constant speed of 20 ℃/h, and roasting the green embryo at a constant temperature of 800 ℃ for 35min;
s53, after pressure relief to normal pressure, heating to 1500 ℃ at a constant speed of 20 ℃/h, continuously roasting the green embryo at a constant temperature of 1500 ℃ for 35min, and bonding the green embryo on an arched support frame to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced carbon-based pantograph slide plate loaded with silver nano particles.
According to the embodiment, the silver is added into the material of the sliding plate, so that the electrical and thermal properties of the sliding plate can be enhanced; the nanoparticles not only exhibit higher reactivity, lower ignition temperatures, ability to undergo faster and more complete oxidation, resulting in enhanced heat release compared to micron-sized particles, facilitating further enhancement of the thermal properties of the composite, but also have large specific surface area, high rigidity. The large specific surface area can increase the physical site of mechanical engagement of the fiber (CF) and the carbon matrix, thereby increasing the bonding strength of the carbon fiber-carbon matrix interface, effectively dispersing external stress with high rigidity and improving the shock resistance of the composite material.
Secondly, as the plasmas generated by dielectric barrier discharge are quite uniform, silver nano particles (AgNPs) are dispersedly deposited and dispersed on the surface of the fiber in situ, the particle size is quite uniform, cracks and defects on the surface of the fiber can be effectively filled, the radius of the tip of the crack is increased, stress concentration is avoided, the transfer speed/diffusion speed of interfacial load in the composite material can be increased, the interfacial bonding strength of the composite material is enhanced, and meanwhile, the wettability of the surface of the fiber is improved by the silver nano particles, so that the aim of well bonding the carbon fiber and the carbon matrix interface is fulfilled; the combination of the fiber and the silver nano-particles is favorable for transferring stress from a weak matrix to a strong fiber, so that the mechanical property of the composite material is enhanced; the added superfine carbon powder can effectively improve the mechanical property, friction property, electric conductivity and lubricating property of the skateboard; asphalt is used as a binder to effectively coat ultrafine carbon powder on the surface of carbon fiber loaded with silver nanoparticles, so that mechanical engagement between the ultrafine carbon powder and a matrix is facilitated, and meanwhile, the interface between the fiber and the matrix is non-uniform, so that the interface binding force is enhanced;
finally, the mixed material is subjected to ultrasonic dispersion to ensure that the mixed material has larger contact area, so that the full contact and the better reaction effect are achieved, asphalt is enabled to effectively combine carbon fibers with carbon powder after kneading, and then the carbon fiber-reinforced carbon-based pantograph slide plate with excellent performance and loaded with silver nano particles is prepared through hot rolling, crushing and roasting, so that the aim of improving technical indexes such as heat conductivity, electric conductivity, mechanical strength, wettability, friction and abrasion resistance of the pantograph slide plate is achieved.
Example 2:
1) Cleaning a vacuum atmosphere bin: argon is introduced into the vacuum atmosphere bin by using the working gas generator, and simultaneously, the vacuum pump is used for pumping air from the vacuum atmosphere bin, the flowing speed of the argon is observed by using the working gas generator and a mass flowmeter arranged on the vacuum pump, the flowing speed of the argon is regulated to be more than or equal to 4000 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm), the pumping speed is more than or equal to 4000 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm), and the vacuum atmosphere bin is cleaned for 5min.
2) Cleaning carbon fibers: and (3) placing the carbon fiber in absolute ethyl alcohol for washing for 20 hours, and then placing the carbon fiber in a vacuum environment at 66 ℃ for drying.
3) Weighing 5.1g of silver nitrate solid on a precision balance, pouring into a small beaker, adding a small amount of deionized water into the small beaker, and stirring for 2min by using a glass rod to dissolve the silver nitrate solid to form a solution; after the solution cooled, the solution was poured along a glass rod into a 25mL volumetric flask;
4) Washing a beaker and a glass rod by using deionized water, pouring the washed deionized water into a volumetric flask, repeatedly washing twice, then fixing the volume to a position of 1cm of a scale mark, dripping the solution to be flat with the liquid level by using a rubber head dropper, covering a bottle stopper, reversing the solution upside down, and shaking the solution uniformly to prepare 20ml of silver nitrate standard solution with the molar concentration of 1.5;
5) Under a dark environment, 3mL of the prepared silver nitrate standard solution is taken, the silver nitrate standard solution is dissolved in a mixed solution composed of 16mL of ethylene glycol and 2mL of deionized water, the mixed solution is placed in an ultrasonic cleaner, the silver nitrate solution is obtained after ultrasonic mixing, and the treatment time of ultrasonic waves on the mixed solution is 5min;
6) Placing the plasma generator into a cleaned vacuum atmosphere bin, and placing the cleaned carbon fiber on an insulating plate between dielectric barrier discharge electrodes of the plasma generator.
7) Converting the silver nitrate solution into aerosol by using an aerosol generator, spraying the aerosol into plasma in an ion generator device for 3min to form carbon fibers loaded with silver nano particles, wherein the peak-to-peak value of a plasma power supply is 10k V, the frequency is 4 KHz, and the discharge power is 80W;
8) After ultra-fine carbon powder, asphalt and carbon fiber loaded with silver nano particles are dispersed by ultrasonic, kneading is carried out for 30min at the temperature of 150 ℃; hot rolling the kneaded carbon powder, asphalt and silver nanoparticle-loaded carbon fiber for 2 times at the temperature of 750 ℃ to obtain a hot rolled sheet;
9) Crushing the hot rolled sheet under 300 kg/cm pressure 2 And (3) stamping for 3 hours at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain a green body.
10 Heating to 150 ℃ at a constant speed of 2 ℃/h under normal pressure, and roasting the green embryo for 20min at a constant temperature of 150 ℃; pressurizing to 2MPa, heating to 450 ℃ at a constant speed of 5 ℃/h, and roasting the green embryo for 20min at a constant temperature of 450 ℃; and after the pressure is relieved to normal pressure, heating to 1000 ℃ at a constant speed of 10 ℃/h, continuously roasting the green embryo at the constant temperature of 1000 ℃ for 25min, and bonding the green embryo on an arched support frame to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced carbon-based pantograph slide plate loaded with silver nano particles.
Example 3:
1) Cleaning a vacuum atmosphere bin: argon is introduced into the vacuum atmosphere bin by using the working gas generator, and simultaneously, the vacuum pump is used for pumping air from the vacuum atmosphere bin, the flowing speed of the argon is observed by using the working gas generator and a mass flowmeter arranged on the vacuum pump, the flowing speed of the argon is regulated to be more than or equal to 4000 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm), the pumping speed is more than or equal to 4000 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm), and the cleaning is carried out for 8min.
2) Cleaning carbon fibers: and (3) placing the carbon fiber in absolute ethyl alcohol for washing for 26 hours, and then placing the carbon fiber in a vacuum environment at 76 ℃ for drying.
3) Weighing 5.1g of silver nitrate solid on a precision balance, pouring into a small beaker, adding a small amount of deionized water into the small beaker, and stirring for 2min by using a glass rod to dissolve the silver nitrate solid to form a solution; after the solution cooled, the solution was poured along a glass rod into a 25mL volumetric flask;
4) Washing a beaker and a glass rod by using deionized water, pouring the washed deionized water into a volumetric flask, repeatedly washing twice, fixing the volume to a position of 1cm of a scale mark, dripping the solution to be flat with the liquid level by using a rubber head dropper, covering a bottle stopper, reversing up and down, and shaking uniformly to prepare 20ml of silver nitrate standard solution;
5) Under a dark environment, 3mL of a prepared silver nitrate standard solution is taken, the silver nitrate standard solution is dissolved in a mixed solution composed of 16mL of ethylene glycol and 2mL of deionized water, the mixed solution is placed in an ultrasonic cleaner, the silver nitrate solution is obtained after ultrasonic mixing, and the treatment time of ultrasonic waves on the mixed solution is 8min;
6) Placing the plasma generator into a cleaned vacuum atmosphere bin, and placing the cleaned carbon fiber on an insulating plate between dielectric barrier discharge electrodes of the plasma generator.
7) Converting the silver nitrate solution into aerosol by using an aerosol generator, spraying the aerosol into plasma in an ion generator device for 4min to form carbon fibers loaded with silver nano particles, wherein the peak-to-peak value of a plasma power supply is 15k V, the frequency is 6 KHz, and the discharge power is 140W;
8) After ultra-fine carbon powder, asphalt and carbon fiber loaded with silver nano particles are dispersed by ultrasonic, kneading is carried out for 35min at the temperature of 350 ℃; hot rolling the kneaded carbon powder, asphalt and silver nanoparticle-loaded carbon fiber for 3 times at the temperature of 850 ℃ to obtain a hot rolled sheet;
9) Crushing the hot rolled sheet under 300 kg/cm pressure 2 And (3) stamping for 3 hours at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain a green body.
10 Heating to 150 ℃ at a constant speed of 3 ℃/h under normal pressure, and roasting the green embryo at a constant temperature of 150 ℃ for 25min; pressurizing to 4MPa, heating to 600 ℃ at a constant speed of 15 ℃/h, and roasting the green embryo at a constant temperature of 600 ℃ for 25min; and after the pressure is relieved to normal pressure, heating to 1250 ℃ at a constant speed of 15 ℃/h, continuously roasting the green embryo at the constant temperature of 1250 ℃ for 25 minutes, and then bonding the green embryo on an arched support frame to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced carbon-based pantograph slide plate loaded with silver nano particles.
Example 4:
1) Cleaning a vacuum atmosphere bin: argon is introduced into the vacuum atmosphere bin by using the working gas generator, and simultaneously, the vacuum pump is used for pumping air from the vacuum atmosphere bin, the flowing speed of the argon is observed by using the working gas generator and a mass flowmeter arranged on the vacuum pump, the flowing speed of the argon is regulated to be more than or equal to 4000 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm), the pumping speed is more than or equal to 4000 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm), and the vacuum atmosphere bin is cleaned for 15min.
2) Cleaning carbon fibers: and (3) placing the carbon fiber in absolute ethyl alcohol for washing for 30 hours, and then placing the carbon fiber in a vacuum environment at 75 ℃ for drying.
3) Weighing 5.1g of silver nitrate solid on a precision balance, pouring into a small beaker, adding a small amount of deionized water into the small beaker, and stirring for 2min by using a glass rod to dissolve the silver nitrate solid to form a solution; after the solution cooled, the solution was poured along a glass rod into a 25mL volumetric flask;
4) Washing a beaker and a glass rod by using deionized water, pouring the washed deionized water into a volumetric flask, repeatedly washing twice, fixing the volume to a position of 1cm of a scale mark, dripping the solution to be flat with the liquid level by using a rubber head dropper, covering a bottle stopper, reversing up and down, and shaking uniformly to prepare 20ml of silver nitrate standard solution;
5) Under a dark environment, 3mL of a prepared silver nitrate standard solution is taken, the silver nitrate standard solution is dissolved in a mixed solution consisting of 16mL of ethylene glycol and 2mL of deionized water, the mixed solution is placed in an ultrasonic cleaner, the silver nitrate solution is obtained after ultrasonic mixing, and the treatment time of ultrasonic waves on the mixed solution is 10min;
6) Placing the plasma generator into a cleaned vacuum atmosphere bin, and placing the cleaned carbon fiber on an insulating plate between dielectric barrier discharge electrodes of the plasma generator.
7) Converting the silver nitrate solution into aerosol by using an aerosol generator, spraying the aerosol into plasma in an ion generator device for 8min to form carbon fibers loaded with silver nano particles, wherein the peak-to-peak value of a plasma power supply is 17-k V, the frequency is 9 KHz, and the discharge power is 200W;
8) After ultra-fine carbon powder, asphalt and carbon fiber loaded with silver nano particles are dispersed by ultrasonic, kneading is carried out for 25min at the temperature of 450 ℃; hot rolling the kneaded carbon powder, asphalt and silver nanoparticle-loaded carbon fiber for 3 times at 950 ℃ to obtain a hot rolled sheet;
9) Crushing the hot rolled sheet under 300 kg/cm pressure 2 And (5) stamping for 2 hours at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain a green body.
10 Heating to 200 ℃ at a constant speed of 5 ℃/h under normal pressure, and roasting the green embryo for 35min at a constant temperature of 200 ℃; pressurizing to 5MPa, heating to 800 ℃ at a constant speed of 20 ℃/h, and roasting the green embryo at a constant temperature of 800 ℃ for 35min; and after the pressure is relieved to normal pressure, heating to 1500 ℃ at a constant speed of 20 ℃/h, continuously roasting the green embryo at a constant temperature of 1500 ℃ for 35min, and bonding the green embryo on an arched support frame to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced carbon-based pantograph slide plate loaded with silver nano particles.
Example 5:
in this example, performance tests were performed using the properties of the pantograph slides fabricated in examples 2, 3, 4, and the prior art as a comparative example, and table 1 was obtained.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the method of the comparative example, the carbon fiber reinforced pantograph slide plate with silver nano particles prepared by the method provided by the application has the advantages that the comprehensive performance of the improved pantograph slide plate is enhanced, the conductivity, the fracture resistance and the impact resistance are obviously improved, and the development requirements of high speed and heavy load of electrified trains in the future are met.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the application is subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. The preparation method of the carbon fiber in-situ generation nano-silver reinforced pantograph carbon slide plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
placing the cleaned carbon fiber on an insulating plate in a plasma generator under a vacuum condition, and starting a radio frequency power supply to enable the plasma generator to generate plasma;
under a dark environment, dissolving a silver nitrate standard solution in a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and deionized water in a ratio of 8:1, and then placing the mixed solution in an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic mixing to obtain a silver nitrate solution;
converting the silver nitrate solution into an aerosol using an aerosol generator;
spraying the aerosol into plasma in a plasma generator device to form carbon fibers loaded with silver nano particles;
ultrasonically dispersing carbon powder, asphalt and carbon fibers loaded with silver nano particles, kneading, and then sequentially carrying out hot rolling, crushing and stamping treatment to form a green body;
and (3) roasting the green body, and then adhering the green body to an arched support frame to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced carbon-based pantograph slide plate loaded with silver nano particles.
2. The method for preparing the carbon fiber in-situ generation nano-silver enhanced pantograph carbon slide plate, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the manufacturing process of the vacuum condition comprises the following steps:
introducing argon into the vacuum atmosphere bin, and simultaneously pumping air from the vacuum atmosphere bin to clean the vacuum atmosphere bin for 1-15 min;
placing the plasma generator into a cleaned vacuum atmosphere bin.
3. The method for preparing the carbon fiber in-situ generation nano-silver enhanced pantograph carbon slide plate according to claim 2, wherein the flowing speed of argon is not less than 4000 standard cubic centimeters per minute, and the air suction speed is not less than 4000 standard cubic centimeters per minute.
4. The method for preparing the carbon fiber in-situ generation nano-silver enhanced pantograph carbon slide plate according to claim 1, wherein the step of cleaning the carbon fiber comprises the steps of: and (3) placing the carbon fiber in an organic solvent for washing for 15-35 hours, and then placing the carbon fiber in a vacuum environment at 60-80 ℃ for drying.
5. The method for preparing the carbon fiber in-situ generation nano-silver enhanced pantograph carbon slide plate, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the preparation of the silver nitrate standard solution comprises the following steps:
weighing silver nitrate solids, pouring the silver nitrate solids into a beaker, adding deionized water into the beaker, and stirring the mixture by using a glass rod to dissolve the silver nitrate solids to form a solution;
after the solution is cooled, the solution is injected into a volumetric flask along a glass rod;
and (3) cleaning the beaker and the glass rod by using deionized water, and pouring the cleaned deionized water into a volumetric flask for complete mixing to obtain the silver nitrate standard solution.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the aerosol is sprayed into the plasma in the plasma generator device, the plasma generator device comprises a dielectric barrier discharge mechanism, and the method comprises:
and placing an atomizing nozzle of the aerosol generator in a gap between the side edges of two quartz glass plates in the dielectric barrier discharge mechanism, so that the aerosol generated by the aerosol generator directly enters the middle of the two quartz glass plates through the atomizing nozzle to react with plasma, wherein the reaction time is 1-10 min, and the diameter of the aerosol generated by the aerosol generator is not more than 3 microns.
7. The method for preparing the carbon fiber in-situ generation nano-silver enhanced pantograph carbon slide plate is characterized in that the power peak value of the plasma is 1-20 kV, the frequency is 1-10 kHz, and the discharge power is 50-200W.
8. The method for preparing the carbon-fiber in-situ generation nano-silver-reinforced pantograph carbon slide plate according to claim 1, wherein the steps of performing ultrasonic dispersion and kneading on carbon powder, asphalt and carbon fibers loaded with silver nano-particles, and sequentially performing hot rolling, crushing and stamping treatment to form a green body comprise the following steps:
kneading carbon powder, asphalt and silver nanoparticle-loaded carbon fiber for 20-50min at 100-450 ℃;
hot rolling the kneaded carbon powder, asphalt and silver nanoparticle-loaded carbon fiber for 1-3 times at the temperature of 750-950 ℃ to obtain a hot rolled sheet;
and crushing and stamping the hot rolled sheet to obtain a green body.
9. The method for preparing the carbon fiber in-situ generation nano-silver reinforced pantograph carbon slide plate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of roasting a green body and then adhering the green body to an arched support frame to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced carbon-based pantograph slide plate loaded with silver nano-particles, and comprises the following steps:
heating to 150-200 ℃ at constant speed under normal pressure, and roasting the green body at constant temperature;
continuously heating to 600-800 ℃ at constant speed after pressurizing, and continuously roasting the green body at constant temperature;
and after the pressure is relieved to normal pressure, the temperature is raised by 1250-1500 ℃ at a constant speed again, the green compact is continuously baked at a constant temperature and then is adhered to an arched support frame, and the carbon fiber reinforced carbon-based pantograph slide plate loaded with silver nano particles is obtained.
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