CN116477935A - 一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料 - Google Patents
一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及永磁铁氧体材料制备技术领域,公开了一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料,通过制备两种铁氧体主相预烧料粉末、将预烧料粉末混合球磨、压制生胚、烧结、后处理后得到永磁铁氧体材料,利用球磨筛分***,改进传统球磨工艺,使得到的磁粉粒径保持在0.5‑0.8μm范围内,解决了在球磨过程中,为了得到符合条件的永磁铁氧体微粒,多次球磨导致的微粒不均匀、磁粉磁畴受损、以及产生非磁性物质以降低磁性的问题,此外,预烧料粉末经过球磨分筛***球磨、压制生胚、烧结、以及后处理之后,所得的永磁铁氧体在室温下就具有很高的磁性能,可以达到4000‑4600Gs的剩磁,以及370‑440kA/m的内禀矫顽力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及永磁铁氧体材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料。
背景技术
近些年来,磁性材料广泛应用于人们生产生活之中,小到手表,大到航空,磁性材料被应用于方方面面,尤其是在汽车制造方面,磁性材料在其中占据了重要的角色,其中永磁铁氧体作为一种非金属磁性材料,由于其只需要一次充磁就能产生稳定的磁场,持续的提供磁能,简单方便,在一众磁体材料中脱颖而出,在汽车启动电机方面被广泛应用,随着汽车行业的发展,人们对永磁铁氧体材料的要求也越来越高,永磁铁氧体的磁性能指标主要分为剩磁和内禀矫顽力两个方面,这两个指标越高则说明永磁铁氧体的磁性越高,剩磁与永磁铁氧体的密度、晶粒取向度以及材料的饱和磁化强度有关,内禀矫顽力则是取决于永磁铁氧体中的晶粒大小和磁晶各向异性参数,目前提高永磁铁氧体材料的磁性能主要有两个途径,一是通过离子掺杂或者组合掺杂对晶体中的一种或者两种离子进行取代,对材料的微观结构进行优化,提高剩磁和内禀矫顽力,从而提高材料的磁性能。二是通过改进永磁铁氧体材料的加工制备工艺,进而提高材料的磁性能。
公开号为CN109836147A的专利公开了一种永磁铁氧体及其制备方法,通过将两种铁氧体主相进行混合,减少Co的添加量,降低成本达到大规模工业化生产的效果,但是该专利进行了两次球磨,却并没有对原料进行筛分处理,容易在实际操作中,球磨时间过长导致磁粉磁畴受损,而破碎磁粉的断口处易产生退磁场,使磁体的矫顽力下降,并且如果磁粉被研磨过细还可能产生一些非磁性物质,降低永磁铁氧体的磁性。
基于此,本发明提供了一种缺陷少,磁性高的永磁铁氧体材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料制备工艺,通过改进球磨机,解决了在球磨过程中,为了得到符合条件的永磁铁氧体微粒,多次球磨导致的微粒不均匀、磁粉磁畴受损、以及产生非磁性物质以降低磁性的问题。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料,包含分子式为MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19与分子式为HyFe12019的铁氧体主相;所述MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19铁氧体主相中M为Sr和Ca中的至少一种,X的取值范围为0.15-0.45;所述化学式为HyFe12019的铁氧体主相中H为Sr和Ba中的至少一种,Y的取值范围为0.25-0.85;
所述永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19预烧料:按照配比称取CaCO3、La2O3、Co2O3、Fe2O3、SrCO3混合,用球磨机进行研磨,再按照重量百分比添加0.5-0.8wt%的Al2O3、0.1-0.2wt%的H3BO3、0.3-0.5wt%的SiO2、0.7-1.0wt%的CaCO3、0.3-0.5wt%的B2O3、0.1-0.2wt%的Cr2O3进行混合,搅拌3-5h,得到原料进行预烧,保温2-6h,将预烧料进行研磨,得到粒径为3-4μm的MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19预烧料粉末;
(2)制备HyFe12019预烧料:按照配比将Ba2CO3、Fe2O3、SrCO3混合,用球磨机进行研磨,再按照重量百分比添加0.25-0.3wt%的S iO2、0.6-0.8wt%的CaCO3、0.1-0.2wt%的H3BO3、0.5-0.8wt%的Cr2O3搅拌3-5h,得到原料组合物进行预烧,预烧温度为1200-1300℃,保温,将得到的预烧料进行研磨,先粗磨再细磨,得到粒径为3-4μm的HyFe12019预烧料粉末;
(3)混合MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19、HyFe12019预烧料与球磨:将质量比为10-20:1-2的预烧料MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19粉末和预烧料HyFe12019粉末进行混合,按照重量百分比添加0.05-0.1wt%的H3BO3、1-2wt%的S iO2、再加入0.5-0.8wt%的Ba2CO3和0.1-0.2wt%的Al2O3,添加0.5-1%的分散剂,使用球磨分筛***进行研磨,得到粒径d为0.4μm<d≤0.8μm的混合料粉末;
(4)压制生胚:控制步骤(3)所得的混合料含水量,然后在磁场中进行压制生胚,压制的压力为550-600kg/cm3,成型磁场强度为0.9-1.5T;
(5)烧结:将(4)中得到的生胚在100-120℃下保温5-8h,去除水分及有机物,升温至1100-1300℃保温5-10h;
(6)将步骤(5)烧结得到的磁体,过磨加工、清洗,得到永磁铁氧体材料。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,所述预烧温度为1250-1500℃。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,所述保温时间为3-6h。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,所述分散剂为山梨醇。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,所述球磨分筛***包括球磨机、第一筛网、第二筛网、盛接箱A、盛接箱B;所述球磨机下方设置有第一筛网、第二筛网及盛接箱A与盛接箱B,所述第一筛网、第二筛网及盛接箱A与盛接箱B均设有重力传感器;
所述球磨分筛***具体工艺为:
控制球磨机转速达到V0,将所有添加料放入球磨机中研磨,将球磨机转速V在t1时间内呈线性增加到Vmax,获取t1时间内状态分布系数k(t),k(t)=Gb(t)-xGa(t)-yGc(t),其中Gb表示最终得到有效磁粉的重力,Ga表示粒径过大尚未完成研磨的磁粉重力,Gc则表示过细磁粉的重力,x、y则表示预设固定系数且x<y,利用公式求出在t1时间内,k(t)的最大值,以及其对应的时间点为tx,设定每次下料时间为Δt,按照tx-Δt对应时间点进行控制。
通过上述技术方案,利用球磨分筛***,将磁粉原料进行筛分,已经达到要求的磁粉直接下落到盛接箱中,并且不再研磨,粒径过大的磁粉则是继续在球磨机中研磨,而粒径过小的则是直接筛除,最后得到粒径均匀的有效磁粉,在整个过程中,通过状态分布系数k(t)最大值对应的时间点对整个装置进行控制调整,通过控制球磨的速度改变球磨的效率,将最终得到的有效磁粉的重力控制在最大值,尽可能的增大原料的利用率,通过球磨分筛***,可以有效的避免小粒径的不符合要求的磁粉混入,最后影响到永磁铁铁氧体材料的磁性。
进一步地,所述第一筛网孔径为0.8μm,第二筛网孔径为0.4μm。
进一步地,步骤(4)中,所述混合料含水量控制在30-35%。
进一步地,步骤(5)中,所述升温速度为25-30℃/h。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明通过球磨分筛***对永磁铁氧体原料进行球磨处理,将磁粉进行筛分处理后,有效避免小粒径的磁粉被重复研磨,导致磁畴受损在断口处产生退磁场,以及对磁粉表面和边界造成严重的损伤,表面缺陷增多,磁粉表面的缺陷层以及过渡层易形成反磁化畴核,磁体矫顽力大幅下降的问题,从而提高永磁铁氧体的磁性,此外,长时间球磨会导致过细磁粉的产生,过细磁粉会与空气中的氧气发生氧化反应,导致磁相受损,磁体的磁性能降低,同时也会引入球磨介质等非磁性物质,同样降低磁性能,所以通过球磨分筛***可以有效避免已经达到标准粒径的磁粉再继续进行球磨,导致磁性下降的问题,此外,经过球磨分筛***得到的磁粉,粒径在0.4μm<d≤0.8μm区间内,经过压制生胚、烧结、以及后处理之后,所得永磁铁氧体在室温下就具有很高的磁性能,可以达到4000-4600Gs的剩磁,以及370-440kA/m的内禀矫顽力。
当然,实施本发明的任一产品并不一定需要同时达到以上所述的所有优点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一种球磨分筛***结构示意图。
附图标记:1、球磨机;2、重力传感器;3、第一筛网;4、盛接箱A;5、第二筛网;6、盛接箱B。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1所示,实施例1-实施例3中的球磨分筛***,所述球磨分筛***包括球磨机1、第一筛网3、第二筛网5、盛接箱A4、盛接箱B6;所述球磨机1下方设置有第一筛网3、第二筛网5及盛接箱A4与盛接箱B6,所述第一筛网3、第二筛网5及盛接箱A4与盛接箱B6均设有重力传感器2。
实施例1
一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料,包含分子式为MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19与分子式为HyFe12019的铁氧体主相;所述MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19铁氧体主相中M为Sr和Ca中的至少一种,X的取值为0.15;所述化学式为HyFe12019的铁氧体主相中H为Sr和Ba中的至少一种,Y的取值为0.25;
所述永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19预烧料:按照配比称取CaCO3、La2O3、Co2O3、Fe2O3、SrCO3混合,用球磨机进行研磨,再按照重量百分比添加0.5wt%的Al2O3、0.1wt%的H3BO3、0.3wt%的S iO2、0.7wt%的CaCO3、0.3wt%的B2O3、0.1wt%的Cr2O3进行混合,搅拌3h,得到原料进行预烧,预烧温度为1250℃,保温2h,将预烧料进行研磨,得到粒径为3μm的MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19预烧料粉末;
(2)制备HyFe12019预烧料:按照配比将Ba2CO3、Fe2O3、SrCO3混合,用球磨机进行研磨,再按照重量百分比添加0.25wt%的SiO2、0.6wt%的CaCO3、0.1wt%的H3BO3、0.5wt%的Cr2O3搅拌3h,得到原料组合物进行预烧,预烧温度为1200℃,保温3h,将得到的预烧料进行研磨,先粗磨再细磨,得到粒径为3μm的HyFe12019预烧料粉末;
(3)混合MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19、HyFe12019预烧料与球磨:将质量比为10:1的预烧料MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19粉末和预烧料HyFe12019粉末进行混合,按照重量百分比添加0.05wt%的H3BO3、1wt%的SiO2、再加入0.5wt%的Ba2CO3和0.1wt%的Al2O3,添加0.5%的山梨醇,使用球磨分筛***进行研磨,控制球磨机1转速达到V0,将所有添加料放入球磨机1中研磨,将球磨机1转速V在t1时间内呈线性增加到Vmax,获取t1时间内状态分布系数k(t),k(t)=Gb(t)-xGa(t)-yGc(t),其中Gb表示最终得到有效磁粉的重力,Ga表示粒径过大尚未完成研磨的磁粉重力,Gc则表示过细磁粉的重力,x、y则表示预设固定系数且x<y,利用公式求出在t1时间内,k(t)的最大值,以及其对应的时间点为tx,设定每次下料时间为Δt,按照tx-Δt对应时间点进行控制,得到粒径d为0.4μm<d≤0.8μm的混合料粉末;
(4)压制生胚:控制步骤(3)所得的混合料含水量,然后在磁场中进行压制生胚,压制的压力为550kg/cm3,成型磁场强度为0.9T;
(5)烧结:将(4)中得到的生胚在100℃下保温5h,去除水分及有机物,升温至1100℃保温5h;
(6)将步骤(5)烧结得到的磁体,过磨加工、清洗,得到永磁铁氧体材料。
实施例2
一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料,包含分子式为MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19与分子式为HyFe12019的铁氧体主相;所述MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19铁氧体主相中M为Sr和Ca中的至少一种,X的取值为0.25;所述化学式为HyFe12019的铁氧体主相中H为Sr和Ba中的至少一种,Y的取值为0.55;
所述永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19预烧料:按照配比称取CaCO3、La2O3、Co2O3、Fe2O3、SrCO3混合,用球磨机进行研磨,再按照重量百分比添加0.6wt%的Al2O3、0.15wt%的H3BO3、0.4wt%的S iO2、0.8wt%的CaCO3、0.4wt%的B2O3、0.15wt%的Cr2O3进行混合,搅拌4h,得到原料进行预烧,预烧温度为1400℃,保温4h,将预烧料进行研磨,得到粒径为3μm的MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19预烧料粉末;
(2)制备HyFe12019预烧料:按照配比将Ba2CO3、Fe2O3、SrCO3混合,用球磨机进行研磨,再按照重量百分比添加0.28wt%的SiO2、0.7wt%的CaCO3、0.15wt%的H3BO3、0.7wt%的Cr2O3搅拌4h,得到原料组合物进行预烧,预烧温度为1250℃,保温4h,将得到的预烧料进行研磨,先粗磨再细磨,得到粒径为3μm的HyFe12019预烧料粉末;
(3)混合MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19、HyFe12019预烧料与球磨:将质量比为10:1的预烧料MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19粉末和预烧料HyFe12019粉末进行混合,按照重量百分比添加0.08wt%的H3BO3、1.5wt%的S iO2、再加入0.6wt%的Ba2CO3和0.15wt%的Al2O3,添加0.8%的山梨醇,使用球磨分筛***进行研磨,控制球磨机1转速达到V0,将所有添加料放入球磨机1中研磨,将球磨机1转速V在t1时间内呈线性增加到Vmax,获取t1时间内状态分布系数k(t),k(t)=Gb(t)-xGa(t)-yGc(t),其中Gb表示最终得到有效磁粉的重力,Ga表示粒径过大尚未完成研磨的磁粉重力,Gc则表示过细磁粉的重力,x、y则表示预设固定系数且x<y,利用公式求出在t1时间内,k(t)的最大值,以及其对应的时间点为tx,设定每次下料时间为Δt,按照tx-Δt对应时间点进行控制,得到粒径d为0.4μm<d≤0.8μm的混合料粉末;
(4)压制生胚:控制步骤(3)所得的混合料含水量,然后在磁场中进行压制生胚,压制的压力为580kg/cm3,成型磁场强度为1.2T;
(5)烧结:将(4)中得到的生胚在110℃下保温6h,去除水分及有机物,升温至1200℃保温8h;
(6)将步骤(5)烧结得到的磁体,过磨加工、清洗,得到永磁铁氧体材料。
实施例3
一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料,包含分子式为MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19与分子式为HyFe12019的铁氧体主相;所述MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19铁氧体主相中M为Sr和Ca中的至少一种,X的取值为0.45;所述化学式为HyFe12019的铁氧体主相中H为Sr和Ba中的至少一种,Y的取值为0.85;
所述永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19预烧料:按照配比称取CaCO3、La2O3、Co2O3、Fe2O3、SrCO3混合,用球磨机进行研磨,再按照重量百分比添加0.8wt%的Al2O3、0.2wt%的H3BO3、0.5wt%的S iO2、1.0wt%的CaCO3、0.5wt%的B2O3、0.2wt%的Cr2O3进行混合,搅拌5h,得到原料进行预烧,预烧温度为1500℃,保温6h,将预烧料进行研磨,得到粒径为3μm的MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19预烧料粉末;
(2)制备HyFe12019预烧料:按照配比将Ba2CO3、Fe2O3、SrCO3混合,用球磨机进行研磨,再按照重量百分比添加0.3wt%的SiO2、0.8wt%的CaCO3、0.2wt%的H3BO3、0.8wt%的Cr2O3搅拌5h,得到原料组合物进行预烧,预烧温度为1300℃,保温6h,将得到的预烧料进行研磨,先粗磨再细磨,得到粒径为3μm的HyFe12019预烧料粉末;
(3)混合MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19、HyFe12019预烧料与球磨:将质量比为10:1的预烧料MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19粉末和预烧料HyFe12019粉末进行混合,按照重量百分比添加0.1wt%的H3BO3、2wt%的SiO2、再加入0.8wt%的Ba2CO3和0.2wt%的Al2O3,添加1%的山梨醇,使用球磨分筛***进行研磨,控制球磨机1转速达到V0,将所有添加料放入球磨机1中研磨,将球磨机1转速V在t1时间内呈线性增加到Vmax,获取t1时间内状态分布系数k(t),k(t)=Gb(t)-xGa(t)-yGc(t),其中Gb表示最终得到有效磁粉的重力,Ga表示粒径过大尚未完成研磨的磁粉重力,Gc则表示过细磁粉的重力,x、y则表示预设固定系数且x<y,利用公式求出在t1时间内,k(t)的最大值,以及其对应的时间点为tx,设定每次下料时间为Δt,按照tx-Δt对应时间点进行控制,得到粒径d为0.4μm<d≤0.8μm的混合料粉末;
(4)压制生胚:控制步骤(3)所得的混合料含水量,然后在磁场中进行压制生胚,压制的压力为600kg/cm3,成型磁场强度为1.5T;
(5)烧结:将(4)中得到的生胚在120℃下保温8h,去除水分及有机物,升温至1300℃保温10h;
(6)将步骤(5)烧结得到的磁体,过磨加工、清洗,得到永磁铁氧体材料。
对比例1
一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料,包含分子式为MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19与分子式为HyFe12019的铁氧体主相;所述MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19铁氧体主相中M为Sr和Ca中的至少一种,X的取值为0.15;所述化学式为HyFe12019的铁氧体主相中H为Sr和Ba中的至少一种,Y的取值为0.25;
所述永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19预烧料:按照配比称取CaCO3、La2O3、Co2O3、Fe2O3、SrCO3混合,用球磨机进行研磨,再按照重量百分比添加0.5wt%的Al2O3、0.1wt%的H3BO3、0.3wt%的S iO2、0.7wt%的CaCO3、0.3wt%的B2O3、0.1wt%的Cr2O3进行混合,搅拌3h,得到原料进行预烧,预烧温度为1250℃,保温2h,将预烧料进行研磨,得到粒径为3μm的MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19预烧料粉末;
(2)制备HyFe12019预烧料:按照配比将Ba2CO3、Fe2O3、SrCO3混合,用球磨机进行研磨,再按照重量百分比添加0.25wt%的SiO2、0.6wt%的CaCO3、0.1wt%的H3BO3、0.5wt%的Cr2O3搅拌3h,得到原料组合物进行预烧,预烧温度为1200℃,保温3h,将得到的预烧料进行研磨,先粗磨再细磨,得到粒径为3μm的HyFe12019预烧料粉末;
(3)混合MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19、HyFe12019预烧料与球磨:将质量比为10:1的预烧料MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19粉末和预烧料HyFe12019粉末进行混合,按照重量百分比添加0.05wt%的H3BO3、1wt%的SiO2、再加入0.5wt%的Ba2CO3和0.1wt%的Al2O3,添加0.5%的山梨醇,球磨,得到平均粒径为0.5μm的混合料粉末;
(4)压制生胚:控制步骤(3)所得的混合料含水量,然后在磁场中进行压制生胚,压制的压力为550kg/cm3,成型磁场强度为0.9T;
(5)烧结:将(4)中得到的生胚在100℃下保温5h,去除水分及有机物,升温至1100℃保温5h;
(6)将步骤(5)烧结得到的磁体,过磨加工、清洗,得到永磁铁氧体材料。
性能检测
使用永磁特性测量仪(AMT-4A)对实施例1-实施例3以及对比例1制备的永磁铁氧体材料,进行磁性能测试,测试结果见下表:
由上表可知,实施例1-实施例3制备的永磁铁氧体材料,具备优异的内禀矫顽力以及较高的剩磁,对比例1中制备的永磁铁氧体材料,内禀矫顽力以及剩磁则是明显低于实施例中的永磁铁氧体材料,事实证明,经过球磨分筛***处理的永磁铁氧体材料,磁性能更加优异。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明的构思所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明的构思或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料,其特征在于,包含分子式为MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19与分子式为HyFe12019的铁氧体主相;所述MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19铁氧体主相中M为Sr和Ca中的至少一种,X的取值范围为0.15-0.45;所述化学式为HyFe12019的铁氧体主相中H为Sr和Ba中的至少一种,Y的取值范围为0.25-0.85;
所述永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19预烧料:按照配比称取CaCO3、La2O3、Co2O3、Fe2O3、SrCO3混合,用球磨机进行研磨,再按照重量百分比添加0.5-0.8wt%的Al2O3、0.1-0.2wt%的H3BO3、0.3-0.5wt%的SiO2、0.7-1.0wt%的CaCO3、0.3-0.5wt%的B2O3、0.1-0.2wt%的Cr2O3进行混合,搅拌3-5h,得到原料进行预烧,保温2-6h,将预烧料进行研磨,得到粒径为3-4μm的MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19预烧料粉末;
(2)制备HyFe12019预烧料:按照配比将Ba2CO3、Fe2O3、SrCO3混合,用球磨机进行研磨,再按照重量百分比添加0.25-0.3wt%的SiO2、0.6-0.8wt%的CaCO3、0.1-0.2wt%的H3BO3、0.5-0.8wt%的Cr2O3搅拌3-5h,得到原料组合物进行预烧,预烧温度为1200-1300℃,保温,将得到的预烧料进行研磨,先粗磨再细磨,得到粒径为3-4μm的HyFe12019预烧料粉末;
(3)混合MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19、HyFe12019预烧料与球磨:将质量比为10-20:1-2的预烧料MxLaO.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19粉末和预烧料HyFe12019粉末进行混合,按照重量百分比添加0.05-0.1wt%的H3BO3、1-2wt%的SiO2、再加入0.5-0.8wt%的Ba2CO3和0.1-0.2wt%的Al2O3,添加0.5-1%的分散剂,使用球磨分筛***进行研磨,得到粒径d为0.4μm<d≤0.8μm的混合料粉末;
(4)压制生胚:控制步骤(3)所得的混合料含水量,然后在磁场中进行压制生胚,压制的压力为550-600kg/cm3,成型磁场强度为0.9-1.5T;
(5)烧结:将(4)中得到的生胚在100-120℃下保温5-8h,去除水分及有机物,升温至1100-1300℃保温5-10h;
(6)将步骤(5)烧结得到的磁体,过磨加工、清洗,得到永磁铁氧体材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述预烧温度为1250-1500℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述保温时间为3-6h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述分散剂为山梨醇。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述球磨分筛***包括球磨机、第一筛网、第二筛网、盛接箱A、盛接箱B;所述球磨机下方设置有第一筛网、第二筛网及盛接箱A与盛接箱B,所述第一筛网、第二筛网及盛接箱A与盛接箱B均设有重力传感器;
所述球磨分筛***具体工艺为:
控制球磨机转速达到V0,将所有添加料放入球磨机中研磨,将球磨机转速V在t1时间内呈线性增加到Vmax,获取t1时间内状态分布系数k(t),k(t)=Gb(t)-xGa(t)-yGc(t),其中Gb表示最终得到有效磁粉的重力,Ga表示粒径过大尚未完成研磨的磁粉重力,Gc则表示过细磁粉的重力,x、y则表示预设固定系数且x<y,利用公式求出在t1时间内,k(t)的最大值,以及其对应的时间点为tx,设定每次下料时间为Δt,按照tx-Δt对应时间点进行控制。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料,其特征在于,所述第一筛网孔径为0.8μm,第二筛网孔径为0.4μm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述混合料含水量控制在30-35%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于汽车启动电机的永磁铁氧体材料,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述升温速度为25-30℃/h。
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