CN116369177A - Intelligent irrigation regulation and control system and method based on big data - Google Patents
Intelligent irrigation regulation and control system and method based on big data Download PDFInfo
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- CN116369177A CN116369177A CN202310652555.3A CN202310652555A CN116369177A CN 116369177 A CN116369177 A CN 116369177A CN 202310652555 A CN202310652555 A CN 202310652555A CN 116369177 A CN116369177 A CN 116369177A
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 401
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 400
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 272
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 209
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 54
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent irrigation regulation and control system and method based on big data, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural irrigation. The invention comprises the following steps: s10: after the agricultural planting areas are divided into areas, the crops in all the subareas are irrigated independently; s20: predicting the water migration distance between the soil surface and the soil bottom layer according to the nutrient loss condition and the soil water seepage condition of crops; s30: predicting irrigation time of the irrigation subarea according to illumination conditions received by the agricultural planting area and temperature change conditions of the position of the agricultural planting area; s40: according to the irrigation quantity of each irrigation subarea in the corresponding irrigation time and the determined irrigation quantity corresponding to the subarea without the penetration phenomenon after the rainfall action, the irrigation treatment is carried out on the corresponding subarea.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, in particular to an intelligent irrigation regulation and control system and method based on big data.
Background
Agricultural irrigation mainly refers to irrigation operation performed on agricultural cultivation areas. Agricultural irrigation modes can be generally divided into traditional ground irrigation, common sprinkling irrigation and micro-irrigation, and especially for crops planted in hilly areas or areas with certain gradients, the irrigation difficulty is high due to the topography problem.
The existing irrigation regulation and control system is used for directly irrigating crops according to the water shortage condition of the crops when the crops are irrigated in hilly areas or areas with certain gradients, and is lack of rainfall utilization, and when the crops are irrigated, the actual irrigation quantity of the crops in each area cannot be determined according to the water shortage condition of the crops, so that the excessive irrigation condition occurs in partial areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent irrigation regulation system and method based on big data, which are used for solving the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an intelligent irrigation regulation and control system based on big data comprises an irrigation module, a water movement distance prediction module, an irrigation time prediction module and an irrigation regulation and control module;
The irrigation module is used for independently carrying out irrigation treatment on crops in each subarea after the agricultural planting areas are divided into areas, and transmitting irrigation information to the water displacement distance prediction module;
the water migration distance prediction module is used for predicting the water migration distance of the soil surface and the soil bottom layer according to the nutrient loss condition and the soil water seepage condition of crops when the agricultural planting area is independently irrigated, and transmitting the prediction result to the irrigation regulation and control module;
the irrigation time prediction module is used for judging whether each subarea needs to be irrigated according to the soil humidity condition of crops in each subarea, predicting the irrigation time of the irrigation subarea by combining the illumination condition of the agricultural planting area and the temperature change condition of the position of the agricultural planting area based on the judging result, and transmitting the predicted irrigation time to the irrigation regulation module;
the irrigation regulation and control module is used for receiving the water migration distance of the soil surface and the soil bottom layer transmitted by the water migration distance prediction module and the irrigation time transmitted by the irrigation time prediction module, determining the irrigation quantity and the irrigation time of each subarea based on the received information, and carrying out irrigation treatment on the corresponding subarea according to the determined irrigation information.
Further, the irrigation module comprises a region dividing unit and an irrigation unit;
the regional division unit divides crops planted at the same gradient into the same subregion, numbering the divided subregions according to the gradient, and transmitting the subregions after numbering to the irrigation unit;
the irrigation unit receives the subregion after the numbering processing transmitted by the regional division unit, individually irrigates crops in the subregion with the highest gradient according to the receiving result, and transmits irrigation information to the water shift distance prediction module, wherein the irrigation information comprises irrigation subregions, irrigation time and gradients corresponding to the irrigation subregions, and the fact that water flow irrigated at the high position flows to subregions with lower gradients under the action of gravity is individually performed on the subregions with the highest gradient, so that the operation is favorable for analyzing nutrient loss conditions of the crops before and after irrigation and the flowing distance of the water flow, and further predicted crop irrigation quantity and irrigation time are guaranteed to be more accurate.
Further, the water displacement prediction module comprises a soil nutrient monitoring unit, a seepage water monitoring unit and a water displacement prediction unit;
The soil nutrient monitoring unit is used for receiving irrigation information transmitted by the irrigation unit, acquiring nutrient loss conditions of crops before and after irrigation under the same irrigation conditions and the same planting gradient based on big data after the irrigation is finished, determining subregions to which corresponding crops belong when the nutrient contents of the crops before and after irrigation are different, acquiring number values corresponding to the determined subregions, transmitting the acquired maximum number values to the water shift distance prediction unit, and analyzing the nutrient loss conditions of the crops after irrigation by the soil nutrient monitoring unit to provide data support for the prediction process of the water shift distance prediction unit on the soil surface water shift distance;
the method comprises the steps that irrigation information transmitted by an irrigation unit is received by a penetrating water monitoring unit, after irrigation is finished, soil humidity of crops before and after irrigation under the same irrigation condition and the same planting gradient is obtained based on big data, when the soil humidity of the crops before and after irrigation is different, subregions corresponding to the crops are determined, number values corresponding to the determined subregions are obtained, the obtained maximum number values are transmitted to a water displacement distance prediction unit, the penetrating water monitoring unit is used for analyzing the soil humidity change of the crops after irrigation, and data support is provided for the predicting process of the water displacement distance prediction unit on the water displacement distance of the soil bottom layer;
The water migration distance prediction unit receives the maximum numbers transmitted by the soil nutrient monitoring unit and the penetrating water monitoring unit respectively, and based on the received number information, a mathematical model is utilized
Predicting the water migration distance of the soil surface by using a mathematical model +.>
Predicting the water migration distance of the soil bottom layer, and transmitting the predicted water migration distance to an irrigation regulation prediction module, wherein L represents the water migration distance of the soil surface, j=1, 2, …, m represents the number value obtained by the soil nutrient monitoring unit, m represents the maximum number value obtained by the soil nutrient monitoring unit, and H j Representing the dividing width corresponding to the subregion with the number j, F represents the water migration distance of the soil bottom layer, i=1, 2, …, n represents the number value obtained by the permeate water monitoring unit, m represents the maximum number value obtained by the permeate water monitoring unit, H i The division width corresponding to the sub-region numbered i is indicated.
Further, the irrigation time prediction module comprises a judging unit and an irrigation time prediction unit;
the judging unit is used for collecting soil humidity in each subarea by using a soil detector, comparing the collected soil humidity with critical humidity, if the collected soil humidity is greater than the critical humidity, no irrigation treatment is needed at the moment, if the collected soil humidity is less than or equal to the critical humidity, the crops are required to be irrigated at the moment, the subareas which need to be irrigated are determined according to a comparison result, the determined irrigated subareas are transmitted to an irrigation regulation and control module, the subareas which do not need to be irrigated are transmitted to an irrigation time prediction unit, and the crops can not normally grow when the humidity of the crops is lower than the critical humidity;
The irrigation time prediction unit is used for receiving the subregion which is transmitted by the judgment unit and does not need to be irrigated, predicting the irrigation time of the received subregion according to the illumination condition received by the agricultural planting region and the temperature change condition of the position of the agricultural planting region, if the predicted irrigation time is less than the latest rainfall time, carrying out irrigation treatment on the planting region by the predicted time, if the predicted irrigation time is more than or equal to the latest rainfall time, carrying out irrigation treatment on the planting region by the rainfall time, and transmitting the determined irrigation time and the determined irrigation subregion to the irrigation regulation and control module, wherein the irrigation time prediction unit is used for predicting the irrigation time of the subregion which is judged by the judgment unit and does not need to be irrigated, avoiding the condition that crops in the subregion are excessively irrigated, and being beneficial to reducing the waste of water resources.
Further, the irrigation regulation and control module comprises a first regulation and control unit, a second regulation and control unit and an irrigation regulation and control unit;
the first regulating and controlling unit receives the irrigation subareas transmitted by the judging unit, the irrigation time transmitted by the irrigation time predicting unit and the irrigation subareas, determines the irrigation quantity of each irrigation subarea at the corresponding irrigation time based on the received information, and transmits the irrigation quantity of each irrigation subarea at the corresponding irrigation time to the irrigation regulating and controlling unit;
The second regulation and control unit receives the water migration distance of the soil surface and the soil bottom layer transmitted by the water migration distance prediction unit, determines the irrigation quantity corresponding to the subarea without the penetration phenomenon after the rainfall action by combining the rainfall quantity, and transmits the determined irrigation quantity to the irrigation regulation and control unit;
the irrigation regulation and control unit receives the irrigation quantity of each irrigation subarea transmitted by the first regulation and control unit in the corresponding irrigation time and the irrigation quantity corresponding to the subarea which is transmitted by the second regulation and control unit and does not have the penetration phenomenon, and performs irrigation treatment on the corresponding subarea based on the received information.
Furthermore, the specific method for predicting the irrigation time of the received subarea by the irrigation time prediction unit according to the illumination condition received by the agricultural planting area and the temperature change condition of the position of the agricultural planting area comprises the following steps:
acquiring according to the illumination condition of the agricultural planting area before rainfall and the temperature change condition of the position of the agricultural planting area, and predicting the change condition of the soil humidity of each subarea before rainfall based on acquired information, wherein a specific prediction formula W is as follows:
when Q-Q 'is not less than 0 and T-T' is not less than 0:
W=E t +（Q-Q＇）*t*e+P t＇ +（T-T＇）*t＇*p；
When Q-Q' is less than 0, E t ++ (Q-Q') × te≡0, where the soil moisture is not evaporated;
p when T-T' is less than 0 t＇ ++ (T-T ') × T' × p≡0, where the soil moisture is not evaporated;
wherein t represents the time when the crops are irradiated, t 'represents the time when the crops are not irradiated, t+t' represents the time when the irrigation time prediction unit receives information, E t The water evaporation amount of the soil under the standard illumination condition in the t time is represented, Q represents the average illumination intensity of crops in the t time, Q' represents the standard illumination intensity, e represents the water evaporation amount corresponding to the soil when the illumination intensity is increased by 1 lux, and P t＇ The water evaporation amount of the soil at the standard temperature in the time T 'is represented, T represents the average temperature of the position of the agricultural planting area in the time T', T 'represents the standard temperature, p represents the water evaporation amount corresponding to the soil when the temperature is increased by 1 ℃, and W represents the water evaporation amount corresponding to the soil in the time t+t';
according to the soil humidity corresponding to each subarea received by the irrigation time prediction unit, calculating the water content corresponding to the received soil of each subarea by utilizing the soil humidity=the actual water content of the soil/the maximum water content of the soil, calculating the difference value between the water evaporation amount corresponding to the soil in the time of t+t ' and the water content corresponding to the received soil of each subarea, obtaining the soil water content of each subarea at the time point of t+t ', comparing the obtained soil water content with the critical water content, if the obtained soil water content is greater than the critical water content, no irrigation treatment is needed for crops at the moment, and if the obtained soil water content is less than or equal to the critical water content, the irrigation time of the corresponding subarea is represented as t+t ', wherein the critical water content refers to the water content corresponding to the soil at the critical humidity.
Further, the specific method for determining the irrigation quantity of each irrigation subarea in the corresponding irrigation time by the first regulation and control unit is as follows:
according to the corresponding moisture evaporation amount of the soil in the time t+t' predicted by the irrigation time prediction unit, the soil moisture evaporation amount of each irrigation subarea before rainfall starts is obtained, the obtained soil moisture evaporation amount is converted into a soil moisture value, the converted soil moisture value=soil moisture evaporation amount/maximum soil moisture content, the initial soil moisture of each irrigation subarea is obtained, the sum value between the critical moisture value and the converted soil moisture value is calculated, the difference value between the calculated sum value and the initial soil moisture value obtained by each irrigation subarea is calculated, the irrigation amount corresponding to each irrigation subarea is determined by utilizing the soil moisture=actual moisture content/maximum soil moisture content, the initial moisture value refers to the soil moisture value collected by the judgment unit, and in the process of predicting the irrigation amount of crops, the evaporation condition of the moisture at high temperature is considered, the predicted crop irrigation amount is guaranteed to be close to the actual demand, and the condition that crops wither due to water shortage is avoided.
Further, the specific method for determining the irrigation quantity corresponding to each subarea by the second regulation and control unit after the rainfall action is as follows:
after the irrigation regulation and control unit irrigates the corresponding irrigation subareas according to the irrigation quantity determined by the first regulation and control unit, when rainfall begins, the soil humidity value = critical humidity value corresponding to each irrigation subarea;
(1) when rainfall starts, acquiring soil humidity values of all subareas, wherein the soil humidity values corresponding to all irrigation subareas are=critical humidity values, the soil humidity values of other subareas are=differences between initial soil humidity values corresponding to other subareas and the soil humidity values converted in the first regulation and control unit, and the other subareas refer to subareas except the irrigation subareas;
(2) judging whether each subarea generates a penetration phenomenon or not by using a formula of A=c/C+Y, if A is more than 1, the corresponding subarea generates the penetration phenomenon, and if A is less than or equal to 1, the corresponding subarea does not generate the penetration phenomenon, wherein C represents rainfall, C represents the maximum water content of soil, Y represents the soil humidity value corresponding to each subarea when rainfall begins, and A represents the soil humidity value corresponding to the corresponding subarea when no penetration occurs after rainfall acts;
(3) Matching the subarea which does not generate the osmotic phenomenon with the subarea which does not generate the osmotic phenomenon according to the water migration distance between the soil surface and the soil bottom layer (the matching basis is that osmotic water generated by the subarea which generates the osmotic phenomenon passes through the subarea which does not generate the osmotic phenomenon), acquiring serial number information corresponding to the matched subarea which generates the osmotic phenomenon according to the matching result, and predicting the actual soil humidity value of the subarea which does not generate the osmotic phenomenon by combining the osmotic amount of the corresponding subarea and the water absorption rate of crops, wherein the serial number information is as follows:
using the formula v= (a k -1) calculating the osmotic water quantity of the subarea with the osmotic phenomenon, which is not generated, of which the soil absorption number is k, wherein k=1, 2, …, b represents the number corresponding to the divided subareas, b represents the total number of the divided subareas, and alpha represents the water absorption rate of crops on osmotic water;
determining total osmotic water quantity absorbed by the soil of the subarea without the osmotic phenomenon according to the acquired numbering information, converting the determined total osmotic water quantity into a soil humidity value (soil humidity value=total osmotic water quantity/maximum soil water content), calculating the sum value between the soil humidity value converted by the total osmotic water quantity and a soil humidity value A corresponding to the subarea without the osmotic phenomenon, obtaining an actual soil humidity value of the subarea without the osmotic phenomenon after rainfall, and calculating the product of (1-actual soil humidity value) and the maximum soil water content to obtain the irrigation quantity of the subarea without the osmotic phenomenon after rainfall, namely the irrigation quantity=maximum soil water content (1-actual soil humidity value);
In the process of predicting the irrigation quantity of crops, the humidity value of the soil of each divided subarea is determined according to the infiltration condition of the soil of each divided subarea, so that fixed-point quantitative irrigation is realized, and reasonable irrigation of the crops is ensured.
An intelligent irrigation regulation and control method based on big data, the method comprising:
s10: dividing crops planted in the same slope into the same subarea, numbering the divided subareas according to the slope, and after the agricultural planting areas are divided into areas, irrigating the crops in each subarea independently;
s20: when the independent irrigation is carried out on the agricultural planting area based on big data, analyzing the nutrient loss condition and the soil water seepage condition of crops, and predicting the water migration distance between the soil surface and the soil bottom layer based on analysis results;
s30: judging whether each subarea needs to irrigate according to the soil humidity condition of crops in each subarea, and predicting the irrigation time of the irrigated subarea based on the judging result by combining the illumination condition of the agricultural planting area and the temperature change condition of the position of the agricultural planting area;
s40: determining the irrigation amount of each irrigation subarea at the corresponding irrigation time by combining the irrigation time of the irrigation subareas before rainfall starts based on the irrigation time of the irrigation subareas predicted in the step S30, determining the irrigation amount corresponding to the subarea without the penetration phenomenon after rainfall action by combining the rainfall amount based on the water movement distance of the soil surface and the soil bottom layer predicted in the step S20, and performing irrigation treatment on the corresponding subarea according to the determined irrigation information.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the change condition of the soil humidity before rainfall is carried out on each subarea, the moisture evaporation amount of the soil before rainfall is determined, the minimum irrigation amount before rainfall is calculated on the basis of the determined moisture evaporation amount and the soil critical humidity, and the corresponding subarea is irrigated at the corresponding irrigation time on the basis of the calculated irrigation amount, so that the full utilization of rainfall is ensured.
2. According to the invention, whether the seepage phenomenon occurs in each subarea is judged after rainfall, the subarea which does not occur the seepage phenomenon is matched with the subarea which does occur the seepage phenomenon based on the judging result by combining the water migration distance of the soil surface and the soil bottom layer, the actual soil humidity value of the subarea which does not occur the seepage phenomenon is predicted according to the matching result and the seepage amount of the seepage water corresponding to the subarea and the water absorption rate of crops, the irrigation amount corresponding to each subarea after rainfall is determined according to the predicted actual soil humidity value, the problem of water seepage is considered in the process, the situation of excessive irrigation after irrigation treatment is avoided, the waste of water resources is reduced, and the regulation and control effect of the system is further improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the intelligent irrigation control system and method based on big data;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the workflow of an intelligent irrigation control system and method based on big data according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an intelligent irrigation regulation and control system based on big data comprises an irrigation module, a water movement distance prediction module, an irrigation time prediction module and an irrigation regulation and control module;
The irrigation module is used for independently carrying out irrigation treatment on crops in each subarea after the agricultural planting areas are divided into areas, and transmitting irrigation information to the water displacement distance prediction module;
the irrigation module comprises an area dividing unit and an irrigation unit;
the regional division unit divides crops planted at the same gradient into the same subregion, numbering the divided subregions according to the gradient, and transmitting the subregions after numbering to the irrigation unit;
the irrigation unit receives the subregions after the numbering treatment transmitted by the regional division unit, individually irrigates crops in the subregion with the highest gradient according to the receiving result, and transmits irrigation information to the water displacement distance prediction module, wherein the irrigation information comprises irrigation subregions, irrigation time and gradients corresponding to the irrigation subregions;
the water migration distance prediction module is used for predicting the water migration distance of the soil surface and the soil bottom layer according to the nutrient loss condition and the soil water seepage condition of crops when the agricultural planting area is independently irrigated, and transmitting the prediction result to the irrigation regulation and control module;
the water migration distance prediction module comprises a soil nutrient monitoring unit, a seepage water monitoring unit and a water migration distance prediction unit;
The soil nutrient monitoring unit receives the irrigation information transmitted by the irrigation unit, acquires nutrient loss conditions of crops before and after irrigation under the same irrigation conditions and the same planting gradient based on big data after the irrigation is finished, determines the subregion to which the corresponding crop belongs when the nutrient content of the crops before and after irrigation is different, acquires the number value corresponding to the determined subregion, and transmits the acquired maximum number value to the water shift distance prediction unit;
the irrigation information transmitted by the irrigation unit is received by the seepage water monitoring unit, after irrigation is finished, the soil humidity of crops before and after irrigation under the same irrigation condition and the same planting gradient is obtained based on big data, when the soil humidity of the crops before and after irrigation is different, the subregion to which the corresponding crop belongs is determined, the number value corresponding to the determined subregion is obtained, and the obtained maximum number value is transmitted to the water displacement distance prediction unit;
the water migration distance prediction unit receives the maximum numbers transmitted by the soil nutrient monitoring unit and the permeate water monitoring unit respectively, and based on the received number information, a mathematical model is utilized 
Predicting the water migration distance of the soil surface by using a mathematical model +.>
Predicting the water migration distance of the soil bottom layer, and transmitting the predicted water migration distance to an irrigation regulation prediction module, wherein L represents the water migration distance of the soil surface, j=1, 2, …, m represents the number value obtained by the soil nutrient monitoring unit, m represents the maximum number value obtained by the soil nutrient monitoring unit, and H j Representing the dividing width corresponding to the subregion with the number j, F represents the water migration distance of the soil bottom layer, i=1, 2, …, n represents the number value obtained by the permeate water monitoring unit, m represents the maximum number value obtained by the permeate water monitoring unit, H i Representing the division width corresponding to the sub-region with the number i;
the irrigation time prediction module is used for judging whether each subarea needs to be irrigated according to the soil humidity condition of crops in each subarea, predicting the irrigation time of the irrigation subarea by combining the illumination condition received by the agricultural planting area and the temperature change condition of the position of the agricultural planting area based on the judging result, and transmitting the predicted irrigation time to the irrigation regulation module;
the judging unit is used for collecting soil humidity in each subarea by using a soil detector, comparing the collected soil humidity with critical humidity, if the collected soil humidity is greater than the critical humidity, no irrigation treatment is needed at the moment, if the collected soil humidity is less than or equal to the critical humidity, no irrigation treatment is needed at the moment, the subareas needing the irrigation treatment are determined according to a comparison result, the determined irrigation subareas are transmitted to an irrigation regulation and control module, the subareas needing no irrigation are transmitted to an irrigation time prediction unit, and the crops can not normally grow when the irrigation time is lower than the critical humidity;
The irrigation time prediction unit is used for receiving the subregion which is transmitted by the judgment unit and does not need to be irrigated, predicting the irrigation time of the received subregion according to the illumination condition received by the agricultural planting region and the temperature change condition of the position of the agricultural planting region, carrying out irrigation treatment on the planting region by the predicted time if the predicted irrigation time is less than the latest rainfall time, carrying out irrigation treatment on the planting region by the rainfall time if the predicted irrigation time is more than or equal to the latest rainfall time, and transmitting the determined irrigation time and the determined irrigation subregion to the irrigation regulation module;
the specific method for predicting the irrigation time of the received subarea by the irrigation time prediction unit according to the illumination condition received by the agricultural planting area and the temperature change condition of the position of the agricultural planting area comprises the following steps:
acquiring according to the illumination condition of the agricultural planting area before rainfall and the temperature change condition of the position of the agricultural planting area, and predicting the change condition of the soil humidity of each subarea before rainfall based on acquired information, wherein a specific prediction formula W is as follows:
when Q-Q 'is not less than 0 and T-T' is not less than 0:
W=E t +（Q-Q＇）*t*e+P t＇ +（T-T＇）*t＇*p；
when Q-Q' is less than 0, E t ++ (Q-Q') × te≡0, where the soil moisture is not evaporated;
P when T-T' is less than 0 t＇ ++ (T-T ') × T' × p≡0, where the soil moisture is not evaporated;
wherein t represents the time when the crops are irradiated, t 'represents the time when the crops are not irradiated, t+t' represents the time when the irrigation time prediction unit receives information, E t The water evaporation amount of the soil under the standard illumination condition in the t time is represented, Q represents the average illumination intensity of crops in the t time, Q' represents the standard illumination intensity, and e represents lightThe water evaporation capacity corresponding to the soil when the irradiation intensity is increased by 1 lux, P t＇ The water evaporation amount of the soil at the standard temperature in the time T 'is represented, T represents the average temperature of the position of the agricultural planting area in the time T', T 'represents the standard temperature, p represents the water evaporation amount corresponding to the soil when the temperature is increased by 1 ℃, and W represents the water evaporation amount corresponding to the soil in the time t+t';
calculating the water content corresponding to the received soil of each subarea according to the soil humidity corresponding to each subarea received by the irrigation time prediction unit by utilizing the soil humidity=the actual water content of the soil/the maximum water content of the soil, calculating the difference between the water evaporation amount corresponding to the soil in the time of t+t ' and the water content corresponding to the received soil of each subarea to obtain the soil water content of each subarea at the time of t+t ', comparing the obtained soil water content with the critical water content, if the obtained soil water content is greater than the critical water content, no irrigation treatment is needed for crops at the moment, and if the obtained soil water content is less than or equal to the critical water content, the irrigation time of the corresponding subarea is represented as t+t ', wherein the critical water content refers to the water content corresponding to the soil at the critical humidity;
The irrigation regulation and control module is used for receiving the water migration distance of the soil surface and the soil bottom layer transmitted by the water migration distance prediction module and the irrigation time transmitted by the irrigation time prediction module, determining the irrigation amount and the irrigation time of each subarea based on the received information, and carrying out irrigation treatment on the corresponding subarea according to the determined irrigation information;
the irrigation regulation and control module comprises a first regulation and control unit, a second regulation and control unit and an irrigation regulation and control unit;
the first regulating and controlling unit receives the irrigation subareas transmitted by the judging unit, the irrigation time transmitted by the irrigation time predicting unit and the irrigation subareas, determines the irrigation quantity of each irrigation subarea at the corresponding irrigation time based on the receiving information, and transmits the irrigation quantity of each irrigation subarea at the corresponding irrigation time to the irrigation regulating and controlling unit;
the specific method for determining the irrigation quantity of each irrigation subarea in the corresponding irrigation time by the first regulation and control unit comprises the following steps:
according to the water evaporation amount of the soil, which is predicted by the irrigation time prediction unit and corresponds to the time t+t', the soil water evaporation amount of each irrigation subarea before rainfall starts is obtained, the obtained soil water evaporation amount is converted into a soil humidity value, the converted soil humidity value = soil water evaporation amount/maximum soil water content, the initial soil humidity of each irrigation subarea is obtained, the sum value between the critical humidity value and the converted soil humidity value is calculated, the difference value between the calculated sum value and the initial soil humidity value obtained by each irrigation subarea is calculated, the irrigation amount corresponding to each irrigation subarea is determined by utilizing the soil humidity = actual soil water content/maximum soil water content, and the initial humidity value refers to the soil humidity value acquired by the judgment unit;
The second regulation and control unit receives the water migration distance of the soil surface and the soil bottom layer transmitted by the water migration distance prediction unit, determines the irrigation quantity corresponding to the subarea without the penetration phenomenon after the rainfall action by combining the rainfall quantity, and transmits the determined irrigation quantity to the irrigation regulation and control unit;
the specific method for determining the irrigation quantity corresponding to each subarea after the rainfall action by the second regulation and control unit comprises the following steps:
after the irrigation regulation and control unit irrigates the corresponding irrigation subareas according to the irrigation quantity determined by the first regulation and control unit, when rainfall begins, the soil humidity value = critical humidity value corresponding to each irrigation subarea;
(1) when rainfall starts, acquiring soil humidity values of all subareas, wherein the soil humidity values corresponding to all irrigation subareas are=critical humidity values, the soil humidity values of other subareas are=differences between initial soil humidity values corresponding to other subareas and the soil humidity values converted in the first regulation and control unit, and the other subareas refer to subareas except the irrigation subareas;
(2) judging whether each subarea generates a penetration phenomenon or not by using a formula of A=c/C+Y, if A is more than 1, the corresponding subarea generates the penetration phenomenon, and if A is less than or equal to 1, the corresponding subarea does not generate the penetration phenomenon, wherein C represents rainfall, C represents the maximum water content of soil, Y represents the soil humidity value corresponding to each subarea when rainfall begins, and A represents the soil humidity value corresponding to the corresponding subarea when no penetration occurs after rainfall acts;
(3) Matching the subarea which does not generate the osmotic phenomenon with the subarea which does not generate the osmotic phenomenon according to the water migration distance between the soil surface and the soil bottom layer (the matching basis is that osmotic water generated by the subarea which generates the osmotic phenomenon passes through the subarea which does not generate the osmotic phenomenon), acquiring serial number information corresponding to the matched subarea which generates the osmotic phenomenon according to the matching result, and predicting the actual soil humidity value of the subarea which does not generate the osmotic phenomenon by combining the osmotic amount of the corresponding subarea and the water absorption rate of crops, wherein the serial number information is as follows:
using the formula v= (a k -1) calculating the osmotic water quantity of the subarea with the osmotic phenomenon, which is not generated, of which the soil absorption number is k, wherein k=1, 2, …, b represents the number corresponding to the divided subareas, b represents the total number of the divided subareas, and alpha represents the water absorption rate of crops on osmotic water;
determining total osmotic water quantity absorbed by the soil of the subarea without the osmotic phenomenon according to the acquired numbering information, converting the determined total osmotic water quantity into a soil humidity value (soil humidity value=total osmotic water quantity/maximum soil water content), calculating the sum value between the soil humidity value converted by the total osmotic water quantity and a soil humidity value A corresponding to the subarea without the osmotic phenomenon, obtaining an actual soil humidity value of the subarea without the osmotic phenomenon after rainfall, and calculating the product of (1-actual soil humidity value) and the maximum soil water content to obtain the irrigation quantity of the subarea without the osmotic phenomenon after rainfall;
The irrigation regulation and control unit receives the irrigation quantity of each irrigation subarea transmitted by the first regulation and control unit in the corresponding irrigation time and the irrigation quantity corresponding to the subarea which does not generate the penetration phenomenon and transmitted by the second regulation and control unit, and performs irrigation treatment on the corresponding subarea based on the received information.
An intelligent irrigation regulation and control method based on big data, the method comprises the following steps:
s10: dividing crops planted in the same slope into the same subarea, numbering the divided subareas according to the slope, and after the agricultural planting areas are divided into areas, irrigating the crops in each subarea independently;
s20: when the independent irrigation is carried out on the agricultural planting area based on big data, analyzing the nutrient loss condition and the soil water seepage condition of crops, and predicting the water migration distance between the soil surface and the soil bottom layer based on analysis results;
s30: judging whether each subarea needs to irrigate according to the soil humidity condition of crops in each subarea, and predicting the irrigation time of the irrigated subarea based on the judging result by combining the illumination condition of the agricultural planting area and the temperature change condition of the position of the agricultural planting area;
S40: determining the irrigation amount of each irrigation subarea at the corresponding irrigation time by combining the irrigation time of the irrigation subareas before rainfall starts based on the irrigation time of the irrigation subareas predicted in the step S30, determining the irrigation amount corresponding to the subarea without the penetration phenomenon after rainfall action by combining the rainfall amount based on the water movement distance of the soil surface and the soil bottom layer predicted in the step S20, and performing irrigation treatment on the corresponding subarea according to the determined irrigation information.
Example 1: let the average light intensity Q of the crop subjected to over 1h be 90000Lux, and the standard light intensity Q' be 100000Lux:
since 90000Lux-100000 lux= -10000Lux < 0;
thus E is t ++ (Q-Q') × te≡0, where the soil moisture is not evaporated.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An intelligent irrigation regulation and control system based on big data, its characterized in that: the system comprises an irrigation module, a water displacement distance prediction module, an irrigation time prediction module and an irrigation regulation and control module;
the irrigation module is used for independently carrying out irrigation treatment on crops in each subarea after the agricultural planting areas are divided into areas, and transmitting irrigation information to the water displacement distance prediction module;
the water migration distance prediction module is used for predicting the water migration distance of the soil surface and the soil bottom layer according to the nutrient loss condition and the soil water seepage condition of crops when the agricultural planting area is independently irrigated, and transmitting the prediction result to the irrigation regulation and control module;
The irrigation time prediction module is used for judging whether each subarea needs to be irrigated according to the soil humidity condition of crops in each subarea, predicting the irrigation time of the irrigation subarea by combining the illumination condition of the agricultural planting area and the temperature change condition of the position of the agricultural planting area based on the judging result, and transmitting the predicted irrigation time to the irrigation regulation module;
the irrigation regulation and control module is used for receiving the water migration distance of the soil surface and the soil bottom layer transmitted by the water migration distance prediction module and the irrigation time transmitted by the irrigation time prediction module, determining the irrigation quantity and the irrigation time of each subarea based on the received information, and carrying out irrigation treatment on the corresponding subarea according to the determined irrigation information.
2. The intelligent irrigation control system based on big data of claim 1, wherein: the irrigation module comprises a region dividing unit and an irrigation unit;
the regional division unit divides crops planted at the same gradient into the same subregion, numbering the divided subregions according to the gradient, and transmitting the subregions after numbering to the irrigation unit;
The irrigation unit receives the subregions after the numbering processing transmitted by the regional division unit, individually irrigates crops in the subregion with the highest gradient according to the receiving result, transmits irrigation information to the water displacement distance prediction module, and the irrigation information comprises irrigation subregions, irrigation time and gradients corresponding to the irrigation subregions.
3. The intelligent irrigation control system based on big data of claim 2, wherein: the water displacement distance prediction module comprises a soil nutrient monitoring unit, a seepage water monitoring unit and a water displacement distance prediction unit;
the soil nutrient monitoring unit receives irrigation information transmitted by the irrigation unit, acquires nutrient loss conditions of crops before and after irrigation under the same irrigation conditions and the same planting gradient based on big data after irrigation is finished, determines sub-areas to which corresponding crops belong when the nutrient contents of the crops before and after irrigation are different, acquires number values corresponding to the determined sub-areas, and transmits the acquired maximum number values to the water displacement distance prediction unit;
the irrigation information transmitted by the irrigation unit is received by the penetrating water monitoring unit, after irrigation is finished, soil humidity of crops before and after irrigation under the same irrigation condition and the same planting gradient is obtained based on big data, when the soil humidity of the crops before and after irrigation is different, a subarea to which the corresponding crops belong is determined, a number value corresponding to the determined subarea is obtained, and the obtained maximum number value is transmitted to the water displacement distance prediction unit;
The water migration distance prediction unit receives the maximum numbers transmitted by the soil nutrient monitoring unit and the penetrating water monitoring unit respectively, and based on the received number information, a mathematical model is utilized
Predicting the water migration distance of the soil surface by using a mathematical model +.>
Predicting the water migration distance of the soil bottom layer, and transmitting the predicted water migration distance to an irrigation regulation prediction module, wherein L represents the water migration distance of the soil surface, j=1, 2, …, m represents the number value obtained by the soil nutrient monitoring unit, m represents the maximum number value obtained by the soil nutrient monitoring unit, and H j Representing the dividing width corresponding to the subregion with the number j, F represents the water migration distance of the soil bottom layer, i=1, 2, …, n represents the number value obtained by the permeate water monitoring unit, m represents the maximum number value obtained by the permeate water monitoring unit, H i The division width corresponding to the sub-region numbered i is indicated.
4. A big data based intelligent irrigation control system according to claim 3, wherein: the irrigation time prediction module comprises a judging unit and an irrigation time prediction unit;
the judging unit is used for collecting soil humidity in each subarea by using a soil detector, comparing the collected soil humidity with critical humidity, if the collected soil humidity is greater than the critical humidity, no irrigation treatment is needed at the moment, if the collected soil humidity is less than or equal to the critical humidity, irrigation treatment is needed at the moment, the subareas needing irrigation treatment are determined according to a comparison result, the determined irrigation subareas are transmitted to an irrigation regulation module, and the subareas needing no irrigation are transmitted to the irrigation time prediction unit;
The irrigation time prediction unit is used for receiving the subregion which is transmitted by the judgment unit and does not need to be irrigated, predicting the irrigation time of the received subregion according to the illumination condition received by the agricultural planting region and the temperature change condition of the position of the agricultural planting region, carrying out irrigation treatment on the planting region by the prediction time if the predicted irrigation time is less than the latest rainfall time, carrying out irrigation treatment on the planting region by the rainfall time if the predicted irrigation time is more than or equal to the latest rainfall time, and transmitting the determined irrigation time and the determined irrigation subregion to the irrigation regulation module.
5. The intelligent irrigation control system based on big data as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the irrigation regulation and control module comprises a first regulation and control unit, a second regulation and control unit and an irrigation regulation and control unit;
the first regulating and controlling unit receives the irrigation subareas transmitted by the judging unit, the irrigation time transmitted by the irrigation time predicting unit and the irrigation subareas, determines the irrigation quantity of each irrigation subarea at the corresponding irrigation time based on the received information, and transmits the irrigation quantity of each irrigation subarea at the corresponding irrigation time to the irrigation regulating and controlling unit;
The second regulation and control unit receives the water migration distance of the soil surface and the soil bottom layer transmitted by the water migration distance prediction unit, determines the irrigation quantity corresponding to the subarea without the penetration phenomenon after the rainfall action by combining the rainfall quantity, and transmits the determined irrigation quantity to the irrigation regulation and control unit;
the irrigation regulation and control unit receives the irrigation quantity of each irrigation subarea transmitted by the first regulation and control unit in the corresponding irrigation time and the irrigation quantity corresponding to the subarea which is transmitted by the second regulation and control unit and does not have the penetration phenomenon, and performs irrigation treatment on the corresponding subarea based on the received information.
6. The intelligent irrigation control system based on big data as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the specific method for predicting the irrigation time of the received subarea by the irrigation time prediction unit according to the illumination condition received by the agricultural planting area and the temperature change condition of the position of the agricultural planting area comprises the following steps:
acquiring according to the illumination condition of the agricultural planting area before rainfall and the temperature change condition of the position of the agricultural planting area, and predicting the change condition of the soil humidity of each subarea before rainfall based on acquired information, wherein a specific prediction formula W is as follows:
When Q-Q 'is not less than 0 and T-T' is not less than 0:
W=E t +（Q-Q＇）*t*e+P t＇ +（T-T＇）*t＇*p；
when Q-Q' is less than 0, E t ++ (Q-Q') × te≡0, where the soil moisture is not evaporated;
p when T-T' is less than 0 t＇ ++ (T-T ') × T' × p≡0, where the soil moisture is not evaporated;
wherein t represents the time when the crops are irradiated, t 'represents the time when the crops are not irradiated, t+t' represents the time when the irrigation time prediction unit receives information, E t The water evaporation amount of the soil under the standard illumination condition in the t time is represented, Q represents the average illumination intensity of crops in the t time, Q' represents the standard illumination intensity, e represents the water evaporation amount corresponding to the soil when the illumination intensity is increased by 1 lux, and P t＇ The water evaporation amount of the soil at the standard temperature in the time T 'is represented, T represents the average temperature of the position of the agricultural planting area in the time T', T 'represents the standard temperature, p represents the water evaporation amount corresponding to the soil when the temperature is increased by 1 ℃, and W represents the water evaporation amount corresponding to the soil in the time t+t';
according to the soil humidity corresponding to each subarea received by the irrigation time prediction unit, calculating the water content corresponding to the received soil of each subarea by utilizing the soil humidity=the actual water content of the soil/the maximum water content of the soil, calculating the difference value between the water evaporation amount corresponding to the soil in the time of t+t ' and the water content corresponding to the received soil of each subarea to obtain the soil water content of each subarea at the time of t+t ', comparing the obtained soil water content with the critical water content, and if the obtained soil water content is greater than the critical water content, no irrigation treatment is needed for crops at the moment, and if the obtained soil water content is less than the critical water content, the irrigation time of the corresponding subarea is represented as t+t '.
7. The intelligent irrigation control system based on big data of claim 6, wherein: the specific method for determining the irrigation quantity of each irrigation subarea in the corresponding irrigation time by the first regulation and control unit comprises the following steps:
according to the water evaporation amount of the soil corresponding to the time t+t' predicted by the irrigation time prediction unit, the soil water evaporation amount of each irrigation subarea before rainfall starts is obtained, the obtained soil water evaporation amount is converted into a soil humidity value, the converted soil humidity value = soil water evaporation amount/maximum soil water content, the initial soil humidity of each irrigation subarea is obtained, the sum value between the critical humidity value and the converted soil humidity value is calculated, the difference value between the calculated sum value and the initial soil humidity value obtained by each irrigation subarea is calculated, and the irrigation amount corresponding to each irrigation subarea is determined by utilizing the soil humidity = actual soil water content/maximum soil water content.
8. The intelligent irrigation control system based on big data of claim 7, wherein: the specific method for determining the irrigation quantity corresponding to each subarea after the rainfall action by the second regulation and control unit comprises the following steps:
After the irrigation regulation and control unit irrigates the corresponding irrigation subareas according to the irrigation quantity determined by the first regulation and control unit, when rainfall begins, the soil humidity value = critical humidity value corresponding to each irrigation subarea;
(1) when rainfall starts, acquiring the soil humidity value of each subarea, wherein the soil humidity value corresponding to each irrigation subarea is equal to the critical humidity value, and the soil humidity values of other subareas are equal to the difference value between the initial soil humidity value corresponding to the other subareas and the soil humidity value converted in the first regulation and control unit;
(2) judging whether each subarea generates a penetration phenomenon or not by using a formula of A=c/C+Y, if A is more than 1, the corresponding subarea generates the penetration phenomenon, and if A is less than or equal to 1, the corresponding subarea does not generate the penetration phenomenon, wherein C represents rainfall, C represents the maximum water content of soil, Y represents the soil humidity value corresponding to each subarea when rainfall begins, and A represents the soil humidity value corresponding to the corresponding subarea when no penetration occurs after rainfall acts;
(3) according to the water migration distance between the soil surface and the soil bottom layer, matching the subarea which does not generate the osmotic phenomenon with the subarea which generates the osmotic phenomenon, acquiring the serial number information corresponding to the matched subarea which generates the osmotic phenomenon according to the matching result, and predicting the actual soil humidity value of the subarea which does not generate the osmotic phenomenon by combining the osmotic water quantity of the corresponding subarea and the water absorption rate of crops to osmotic water, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
Using the formula v= (a k -1) calculating the osmotic water quantity of the subarea with the osmotic phenomenon, which is not generated, of which the soil absorption number is k, wherein k=1, 2, …, b represents the number corresponding to the divided subareas, b represents the total number of the divided subareas, and alpha represents the water absorption rate of crops on osmotic water;
determining total osmotic water quantity absorbed by the soil of the subarea without the osmotic phenomenon according to the acquired number information, converting the determined total osmotic water quantity into a soil humidity value, calculating the sum value of the soil humidity value converted by the total osmotic water quantity and a soil humidity value A corresponding to the subarea without the osmotic phenomenon, obtaining an actual soil humidity value of the subarea without the osmotic phenomenon after rainfall, and calculating the product of the (1-actual soil humidity value) and the maximum water content of the soil to obtain the irrigation quantity of the subarea without the osmotic phenomenon after rainfall.
9. A big data based intelligent irrigation control method applied to the big data based intelligent irrigation control system of any of claims 1-8, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
S10: dividing crops planted in the same slope into the same subarea, numbering the divided subareas according to the slope, and after the agricultural planting areas are divided into areas, irrigating the crops in each subarea independently;
s20: when the independent irrigation is carried out on the agricultural planting area based on big data, analyzing the nutrient loss condition and the soil water seepage condition of crops, and predicting the water migration distance between the soil surface and the soil bottom layer based on analysis results;
s30: judging whether each subarea needs to irrigate according to the soil humidity condition of crops in each subarea, and predicting the irrigation time of the irrigated subarea based on the judging result by combining the illumination condition of the agricultural planting area and the temperature change condition of the position of the agricultural planting area;
s40: determining the irrigation amount of each irrigation subarea at the corresponding irrigation time by combining the irrigation time of the irrigation subareas before rainfall starts based on the irrigation time of the irrigation subareas predicted in the step S30, determining the irrigation amount corresponding to the subarea without the penetration phenomenon after rainfall action by combining the rainfall amount based on the water movement distance of the soil surface and the soil bottom layer predicted in the step S20, and performing irrigation treatment on the corresponding subarea according to the determined irrigation information.
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