CN111656933A - Method for storing, controlling, fertilizing and carrying out drip irrigation by using dendrocalamus giganteus linn - Google Patents
Method for storing, controlling, fertilizing and carrying out drip irrigation by using dendrocalamus giganteus linn Download PDFInfo
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- CN111656933A CN111656933A CN202010518581.3A CN202010518581A CN111656933A CN 111656933 A CN111656933 A CN 111656933A CN 202010518581 A CN202010518581 A CN 202010518581A CN 111656933 A CN111656933 A CN 111656933A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for storing, controlling and fertilizing and carrying out drip irrigation by using a dragon bamboo tube, belonging to the technical field of water and fertilizer management in economic forest fruit cultivation. Test research and application results show that: the method has the characteristics of ecological environmental protection, cultivation energy saving, convenient material obtaining, stable operation performance, low cost, high fertilizer and water utilization rate by drip irrigation in deep soil, and the like, is suitable for drought-resistant cultivation of the mountain forests in semi-arid, arid or severe arid areas such as arid valley areas with shortage of water resources and weak water conservancy facility foundation, stony desertification areas, severe winter and spring early summer drought, and the like, and has wide application prospect in cultivation and production of economic forests in mountainous regions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer and water management of fruit trees and economic forest cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for storing, controlling and applying fertilizer and carrying out drip irrigation by using a dendrocalamus giganteus linn tube. A storage control fertilization and drip irrigation method for cultivation of economic forest fruits in water-deficient mountainous regions belongs to the technical field of water and fertilizer management of economic forest fruit cultivation.
Background
The province of Yunnan is in the low latitude plateau of the southwest of China, the territorial area is 39.4 ten thousand square kilometers, and the mountainous area and the half mountainous area account for 94 percent. The landform is complicated, the high mountain canyons are alternate, the climate types are various, and the regional difference and the vertical change of the climate are very obvious. Has the characteristics of small annual temperature difference, large daily temperature difference, abundant rainfall, uneven distribution and clear dry and wet seasons. Rainfall accounts for more than 80% of the annual rainfall in the wet season within 5-10 months, rainfall is less in the dry season within 1-4 months, and drought is severe in winter, spring and early summer. In addition, the elevation of the lake and river in province is low, the mountain height, slope and steep valley depth are high, rainwater is quickly collected to the river at the valley bottom along the terrain, the water conservancy facility is weak in foundation and difficult to utilize, and the available water resource is short. On the other hand, when the dry season is 3-4 months, the contradiction between water and fertilizer supply and growth and fruiting is prominent when the economic forest and the fruit trees germinate, grow, blossom and bear fruit, and the water and fertilizer management becomes one of the main conditions for restricting the cultivation of the economic forest and the fruit trees in Yunnan province (particularly in dry and hot valley areas).
Yunnan province vigorously develops the plateau special forest and fruit industry. By 2019, most of the industrial areas of the original special forest fruits such as walnuts, oil tea, macadamia nuts, phyllanthus emblica and the like cultivated in mountain land water shortage areas and dry-hot and half-hot valley areas rich in heat resources exceed 6000 mu. In these areas, water conservancy infrastructure conditions are poor, water resources are short, the evaporation capacity of soil water is large, and water becomes the biggest obstacle for restricting the cultivation of the forest fruits.
In addition, with the rural labor force transfer and the continuous improvement of living conditions, the labor force is in short supply, the labor force cost is continuously increased, and the labor-saving cultivation becomes a main factor which must be considered for the forest fruit cultivation.
At present, due to the limitation of factors such as high mountain slope, less available water resource, labor-saving fertilization and irrigation technology and the like, the cultivation of the walnuts, oil tea, macadamia nuts, phyllanthus emblica and other high-primary-characteristic forest fruits in Yunnan province basically does not carry out fertilization and watering in spring, so that the yield per unit area is low, the quality is poor, and the industrial benefit exertion degree is less than 30%.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for storing, controlling and fertilizing and carrying out drip irrigation by using a dragon bamboo tube, aiming at the problems that water resources for mountain forest and fruit cultivation are insufficient and conventional drip irrigation, spray irrigation and irrigation water and fertilizer and water conditions of constant flow cannot be realized. The method is provided with the embedded fixing sleeve, so that the replaceable fertilizer water storage bamboo barrel, the detectable fertilizer water dripping condition and the deep fertilizer water application in the soil are effectively realized, the reliability of fertilizer water drip irrigation is ensured and greatly improved, the fertilizer water directly acts on the roots of the forest fruits, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer water is effectively improved, the moisture evaporation amount is greatly reduced by deep watering, the labor force is saved by the integration of the fertilizer water, and the production cost is effectively reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for storing, controlling, fertilizing and carrying out drip irrigation by using a dendrocalamus giganteus nakai comprises the following steps:
step (1), selecting bamboo tube materials: selecting erect and insect-free dendrocalamus latiflorus with the inner diameter not less than 10cm, the outer diameter not more than 18cm, the internode distance not less than 15cm and the bamboo age not less than 2 years as a bamboo tube material;
step (2), manufacturing the bamboo tube: sawing or cutting the dragon bamboos into bamboo tubes in time after the dragon bamboos are felled; the length of the bamboo tube is 140 cm and 160cm, bamboo joints are reserved at the lower end, the bamboo joints 2-3cm below the lower end are sawed off and cut flat, and the rest bamboo joints are ground flat;
step (3), the assembly of the drip irrigation emitter and the manufacture of an air inlet channel can be controlled by the flow velocity: punching holes on bamboo joints at the lower end of the bamboo tube at positions 3cm away from the bamboo, horizontally implanting drip irrigation drippers capable of controlling flow rate, and sealing the joint; punching a round hole with the diameter of 0.5cm at the upper end of the bamboo tube and about 4cm away from the top end, and tightly implanting a breathable sponge to form an air inlet channel;
step (4), selecting a casing material: selecting an environment-friendly plastic pipe or a composite asbestos pipe as a sleeve, wherein the inner diameter of the sleeve is 20 cm;
step (5), manufacturing a sleeve: sawing the selected and determined casing material into sections according to the length of each section of 60-70cm, and obtaining the casing;
step (6), embedding a sleeve: embedding a sleeve pipe perpendicular to the ground at the position around a water dropping line of a tree crown or about 100cm away from a stem base of a trunk, compacting and fixing, wherein the depth of the sleeve pipe embedded in the soil is about 40cm, and the height of the sleeve pipe exposed out of the ground is about 30 cm;
step (7), installing the bamboo tube: in the period of needing fertilization and irrigation, the bamboo tube which is assembled with the drip irrigation emitter and the air inlet channel in the step (3) is cleaned by clear water, the dripping speed of the emitter is adjusted, the bamboo tube is slowly placed into the sleeve and fixed, and the gap between the sleeve and the bamboo tube is sealed by an adhesive tape on the top end face of the sleeve;
step (8), fertilizer selection and fertilizer water liquid filling: selecting biogas slurry, livestock urine or highly soluble chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers to be mixed with water to prepare fertilizer liquid according to the fertilizer water requirements of the cultivated tree species and different growth periods of the cultivated tree species, filtering and then filling the fertilizer liquid into the bamboo tube installed in the step (7), wherein the height of the fertilizer liquid is about 1cm lower than that of the air inlet pipe, and after the fertilizer liquid is filled, sealing the upper end opening of the bamboo tube by using a black film and binding and fixing the bamboo tube;
step (9), management and maintenance: checking the fertilizer dripping condition or replacing the fertilizer liquid once every 7-10 days, finding blockage and overlarge or undersize flow, and adjusting in time according to the requirement; finding that the fertilizer water amount is less or not, and supplementing according to the need in time;
step (10), continuously recycling: after the fertilizer water application of the bamboo tube, the fertilizer water application in one season or the fertilizer water application in one year is finished and before the fertilizer water application of the next filling, a small amount of clear water is used for cleaning the inner wall of the bamboo tube and adjusting the dripping speed of the dripper, and the operation is repeated according to the step (8).
Further, preferably, the average amount of the fertilizer water contained in each bamboo tube in the step (2) is about 15kg, and 15kg of the fertilizer water can be applied dropwise for 14-21 days, namely, 1080ml of the fertilizer water amount is applied every day.
Further, it is preferable that the drip emitter specification capable of controlling the flow rate in the step (3) is selected to have a drip speed of 0 to 30 seconds per drip.
Further, it is preferable that the operating flow rate of the drip emitter is set to 4 to 6 seconds per water drop.
Further, it is preferable that the sponge implanted in the air inlet channel in the step (3) must be tightly filled and air-permeable, so that smooth air circulation is ensured, and ants, insects and foreign materials are prevented from entering the bamboo tube.
Further, it is preferable that the exposed length of the horizontally implanted drip irrigation emitter in the step (7) on the outer wall surface of the bamboo tube is not more than 1.8cm, so as to ensure that the bamboo tube can be easily put into and taken out of the sleeve without touching and damaging the drip irrigation emitter.
Further, preferably, in the step (8), the upper end opening of the bamboo tube is sealed by a black film, so that the fertilizer liquid stored in the bamboo tube is prevented from being decomposed by light or moss plants grow to block the drip irrigation emitter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fertilizer and water utilization rate is improved, water is saved, the cultivation is labor-saving, the yield of the forest fruits is improved, the quality is optimized, and the benefit is increased.
The invention adopts the dragon bamboo tube as the fertilizer and water storage material, and the dragon bamboo tube has the characteristics of low value, convenient material taking, durability, ecological environmental protection, recycling and the like.
The essence core of the invention is that the soil deep layer is slowly drip-irrigated, and the principle and the effect are similar to those of infiltrating irrigation. The invention arranges the environment-friendly sleeve and embeds the fertilizer water titration position about 40cm below the surface layer of the soil, thereby realizing the deep drip irrigation of the fertilizer water in the soil, directly acting the fertilizer water on the intensive distribution area of the economic forest fruit tree root system, greatly reducing the water evaporation amount by deep watering and improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer water. In addition, the integration of fertilizer and water is realized, the labor force is saved, and the production cost is effectively reduced. The fertilizer water storage bamboo tube can be replaced, and the fertilizer water dripping condition can be checked, so that the reliability of fertilizer water drip irrigation is ensured and greatly improved; the comprehensive cost of each section of the dendrocalamus latiflorus is lower than 1 yuan.
The application of the technology of the invention can greatly improve the yield, quality and benefit of the mountain land cultivation forest fruits, effectively solve the problem of low yield efficiency of the water-deficient mountain land forest fruit cultivation, and has wide application prospect in production.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The materials or equipment used are not indicated by manufacturers, and all are conventional products available by purchase.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for storing, controlling, fertilizing and carrying out drip irrigation by using a dendrocalamus giganteus nakai barrel, which comprises the following steps:
step (1), selecting bamboo tube materials: selecting straight and vertical dendrocalamus latiflorus which is free of insect damage or leakage, has an inner diameter of not less than 10cm, an outer diameter of not more than 18cm, long internode distance and a bamboo age of more than 2 years as a material, and selecting dendrocalamus latiflorus which has a large inner diameter and a large bamboo age as the material as far as possible under the condition of permission;
step (2), manufacturing the bamboo tube: sawing or cutting the harvested dendrocalamus latiflorus into bamboo tubes with the length of 140-160cm, so as to ensure that the fertilizer water content of each section of bamboo tube reaches 15 kg;
step (3), assembly of the drip irrigation emitter with adjustable flow rate and manufacture of an air inlet channel: punching holes on bamboo joints at the lower end of the bamboo tube at a position 3cm away from the bamboo, horizontally implanting drip irrigation drippers with the specification of 0-30 seconds per water drop, sealing the joint part, and requiring the exposed length of the drippers after installation to be less than 1.8cm so as to ensure that the bamboo tube can be easily placed into a sleeve and easily taken out of the sleeve without touching or damaging the drippers; forming a round hole with the diameter of 0.5cm at the upper end of the bamboo tube and about 4cm away from the top end, and tightly implanting a breathable sponge, wherein the implanted sponge needs to be tightly filled and breathable, so that smooth air circulation is ensured, and ants, insects, foreign matters and the like are prevented from entering the bamboo tube;
step (4), selecting a casing material: selecting an environment-friendly plastic pipe or a composite asbestos pipe with the inner diameter of 20cm as a sleeve material;
step (5), manufacturing a sleeve: sawing the sleeve material into sections, wherein the length of each section is 60-70cm, and the sleeve is obtained;
step (6), embedding the sleeve: embedding sleeves around the water dropping line of the tree crown or at a position 100cm away from the stem base of the tree trunk, compacting and fixing the sleeves, wherein the depth of the sleeves embedded in the soil is about 40cm, and the number of the sleeves is determined according to the drought resistance of the tree species, the age of the tree, the plant density and the severity of drought;
step (7), installing the bamboo tube: in the period of needing fertilization and irrigation, cleaning the bamboo tube assembled with the drip irrigation emitter and the air inlet channel by using clear water, adjusting the dripping speed of the emitter to be 4-6 seconds per drip, slowly placing the bamboo tube into the sleeve, fixing the bamboo tube, and sealing the gap between the sleeve and the bamboo tube by using an adhesive tape at the top of the sleeve;
step (8), fertilizer selection and fertilizer water liquid filling: selecting biogas slurry, livestock urine or highly soluble chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer to be mixed with water to prepare a fertilizer solution, filtering and then filling the fertilizer solution into the bamboo tube installed in the step (7), wherein the height of the fertilizer solution is about 1cm lower than that of the air inlet channel, and after the fertilizer solution is filled, sealing the upper end opening of the bamboo tube by using a black film and binding and fixing the bamboo tube to prevent the fertilizer solution in the bamboo tube from decomposing by light or growing bryophytes and blocking a drip irrigation emitter;
step (9), management and maintenance technology: checking the drip irrigation condition of the fertilizer water or replacing and adding the fertilizer liquid every 7-10 days. When the blockage and the overlarge or undersize flow are found, the flow can be adjusted in time according to the requirement; and (5) finding that the fertilizer water storage is less or nonexistent, and filling and supplementing fertilizer liquid in time.
Step (10), sustainable recycling technology: after finishing the drip irrigation of the rich water in the bamboo tube, the drip irrigation of the rich water in one season or the drip irrigation of the rich water in one year, before the next filling of the rich water, the inner wall of the bamboo tube is cleaned by a small amount of clear water and the flow velocity of the water dropper is adjusted.
Typical application examples of the present invention are as follows:
firstly, the phyllanthus emblica is cultivated and applied in the dry and hot valley area, the yield is increased by 48.2%, and the yield value is improved by 163%.
20 days in 2019, 7 months and 20 days in the rainy season, the rainy season is delayed for about 50 days, in Lujiang Zhenggang village (dry and hot valley region, spring and early summer drought severe region, the altitude of 1250m, the annual average temperature of 19.6 ℃ and the annual average rainfall of 850 mm) in the Jiangyang region of Yunnan province, the method provided by the invention is adopted to respectively set up improved varieties of the Gaoligong mountain emblic leafflower at the 11-year full-production period of 1 mu of trees with basically consistent field conditions under the condition of completely consistent traditional cultivation of fertilizing in spring without watering and other cultivation measures. The results show that: the plants watered and fertilized by the method have normal sprouting, flowering and fruiting in the middle ten days of the 2 month sprouting period, the actual measurement of the acre yield of 2507kg, the high-quality fruit rate of 79 percent and the income of the production area sale of 15540 yuan; in comparison with the late 7 th month of the germination period of the plants, the measured acre yield is 1692kg, the high-quality fruit rate is 42 percent, and the income of the producing area and the sales income is 5920 yuan.
Secondly, the yield of the macadimia nuts in the dry and hot valley areas is increased by 107 percent, and the yield value is increased by 199.7 percent.
In 2019, in Yunan Longyang region Lujiang Zhenjianmocha (dry and hot valley region, spring and early summer arid region, altitude of 840m, annual average temperature of 21.8 ℃ and annual average rainfall of 820 mm), the method provided by the invention is adopted to carry out comparison tests on OC variety macadamia nuts of 1 mu with basically consistent tree age and 9 years of tree age under the condition of completely consistent traditional cultivation of spring fertilization without watering and other cultivation measures. The results show that: the plant watered and fertilized by the method has normal phenological period and improved fruit setting rate, the measured fresh fruit yield per mu is 694kg, and the sales income of the producing area is 9020 yuan; the actual measurement of the yield per mu of the control plant is 335kg, the fruit is small, the price is low, and the sales income of the production area is 3010 yuan.
And thirdly, the yield of the walnuts in the spring drought region is increased by 70.9 percent.
In 2019, in Shangdong Zhengyao Wushan (the altitude is 1930m, the annual average temperature is 14.6 ℃ and the annual average rainfall is 1520mm in the Shangdong city of Tengchong city, Yunnan province) in spring and in early summer arid areas, the method provided by the invention is adopted to carry out comparison tests on 5 mu of 12-year-old large-bubble walnuts with basically consistent standing conditions under the conditions that fertilization is carried out in spring, watering is not carried out and other cultivation measures are completely consistent by adopting the traditional cultivation method. The results show that: the phenological period of the plants watered and fertilized by the method is normal, the fruit setting rate is improved, and the average acre yield of fresh fruits is actually measured to be 803 kg; an average yield per mu of 470kg was measured for the control plants.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A method for storing, controlling, fertilizing and carrying out drip irrigation by using a dendrocalamus giganteus linn tube is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), selecting bamboo tube materials: selecting erect and insect-free dendrocalamus latiflorus with the inner diameter not less than 10cm, the outer diameter not more than 18cm, the internode distance not less than 15cm and the bamboo age not less than 2 years as a bamboo tube material;
step (2), manufacturing the bamboo tube: sawing or cutting the dragon bamboos into bamboo tubes in time after the dragon bamboos are felled; the length of the bamboo tube is 140 cm and 160cm, bamboo joints are reserved at the lower end, the bamboo joints 2-3cm below the lower end are sawed off and cut flat, and the rest bamboo joints are ground flat;
step (3), the assembly of the drip irrigation emitter and the manufacture of an air inlet channel can be controlled by the flow velocity: punching holes on bamboo joints at the lower end of the bamboo tube at positions 3cm away from the bamboo, horizontally implanting drip irrigation drippers capable of controlling flow rate, and sealing the joint; punching a round hole with the diameter of 0.5cm at the upper end of the bamboo tube and about 4cm away from the top end, and tightly implanting a breathable sponge to form an air inlet channel;
step (4), selecting a casing material: selecting an environment-friendly plastic pipe or a composite asbestos pipe as a sleeve, wherein the inner diameter of the sleeve is 20 cm;
step (5), manufacturing a sleeve: sawing the selected and determined casing material into sections according to the length of each section of 60-70cm, and obtaining the casing;
step (6), embedding a sleeve: embedding a sleeve pipe perpendicular to the ground at the position around a water dropping line of a tree crown or about 100cm away from a stem base of a trunk, compacting and fixing, wherein the depth of the sleeve pipe embedded in the soil is about 40cm, and the height of the sleeve pipe exposed out of the ground is about 30 cm;
step (7), installing the bamboo tube: in the period of needing fertilization and irrigation, the bamboo tube which is assembled with the drip irrigation emitter and the air inlet channel in the step (3) is cleaned by clear water, the dripping speed of the emitter is adjusted, the bamboo tube is slowly placed into the sleeve and fixed, and the gap between the sleeve and the bamboo tube is sealed by an adhesive tape on the top end face of the sleeve;
step (8), fertilizer selection and fertilizer water liquid filling: selecting biogas slurry, livestock urine or highly soluble chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers to be mixed with water to prepare fertilizer liquid according to the fertilizer water requirements of the cultivated tree species and different growth periods of the cultivated tree species, filtering and then filling the fertilizer liquid into the bamboo tube installed in the step (7), wherein the height of the fertilizer liquid is about 1cm lower than that of the air inlet pipe, and after the fertilizer liquid is filled, sealing the upper end opening of the bamboo tube by using a black film and binding and fixing the bamboo tube;
step (9), management and maintenance: checking the fertilizer dripping condition or replacing the fertilizer liquid once every 7-10 days, finding blockage and overlarge or undersize flow, and adjusting in time according to the requirement; finding that the fertilizer water amount is less or not, and supplementing according to the need in time;
step (10), continuously recycling: after the fertilizer water application of the bamboo tube, the fertilizer water application in one season or the fertilizer water application in one year is finished and before the fertilizer water application of the next filling, a small amount of clear water is used for cleaning the inner wall of the bamboo tube and adjusting the dripping speed of the dripper, and the operation is repeated according to the step (8).
2. The method for storage, control, fertilization and drip irrigation by using a dendrocalamus giganteus nakai tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the fertilizer water contained in the bamboo tube in the step (2) is about 15kg on average, and 15kg of the fertilizer water can be applied in a drip mode for 14-21 days, namely 720-1080ml of the fertilizer water per day.
3. The method for storing, controlling, fertilizing and irrigating with dendrocalamus giganteus nakai according to claim 1, wherein the drip speed of the drip emitter with controllable flow rate in step (3) is 0-30 seconds per drip.
4. The method for storage, controlled application of fertilizer and irrigation by use of a dendrocalamus giganteus nakai according to claim 3, wherein the operating flow rate of the irrigation emitter is set to 4-6 seconds per drop.
5. The method for storing, controlling, fertilizing and performing drip irrigation by using the dragon bamboo tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sponge implanted in the air inlet channel in the step (3) must be tightly filled and air-permeable, so as to ensure smooth air circulation and prevent ants, insects and foreign matters from entering the bamboo tube.
6. The method for storage-controlled fertilization and drip irrigation with a dragon bamboo tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein the exposed length of the horizontally planted drip irrigation emitters on the outer wall surface of the bamboo tube in the step (7) is not more than 1.8cm, so as to ensure that the bamboo tube can be easily put into and taken out of the casing tube without touching and damaging the drip irrigation emitters.
7. The method for storing, controlling, fertilizing and carrying out drip irrigation by using the dragon bamboo tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (8), the upper end opening of the bamboo tube is sealed by a black film, so that the fertilizer liquid stored in the bamboo tube is prevented from decomposing by light or moss plants grow, and a drip irrigation emitter is prevented from being blocked.
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| CN114128584A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-03-04 | 赤水信天斛满堂药业有限公司 | Transplanting method for mycorrhizal dendrobium nobile in stony desertification land |
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