CN116298211A - Test device and method for simulating excavation erosion of water-bearing stratum in near tunnel - Google Patents
Test device and method for simulating excavation erosion of water-bearing stratum in near tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a test method for simulating excavation erosion of an aquifer in a near tunnel, which belong to the technical field of tunnel tests and comprise a visual model box, a tunnel construction simulation system, a seepage control system and a digital acquisition and high-speed camera system; the visual model box is a square box body made of transparent organic glass; the tunnel construction simulation system comprises an air bag and excavation control equipment; filling similar materials with water-containing soil layers in the adjacent tunnels in the transparent soil box; the seepage control system consists of a movable water tank, a water level height control device and a slag and liquid collecting tank; during the test, simulating the excavation process of the near tunnel in an air bag unloading mode, and monitoring the flowing process of the water-bearing layer-contained erosion particles in the excavation simulation process through a laser and a high-speed camera; the method can realize visual simulation of the excavation erosion process of the water-bearing stratum in the near tunnel, and better reduce the seepage erosion process of the water-bearing stratum in the near tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel tests, and particularly relates to a test device and a test method for simulating excavation erosion of a water-bearing layer in a near tunnel.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of national economy in China, the construction scale of infrastructure mainly based on traffic is gradually enlarged, and China becomes the country with the largest construction scale and difficulty of tunnels in the world. In order to meet the requirements of design and use functions, the construction of parallel tunnels is often performed in the form of a proximity tunnel. The near tunnel has the advantages of small limit of the topography condition and the overall line type, simple construction process, easy control of the manufacturing cost and the like, so the near tunnel is widely adopted in the design and construction of tunnels in China, and gradually becomes an effective configuration for solving the problems of connection of various structural types, reasonable utilization of land resources and the like under special geological topography conditions.
Along with the continuous deep development work of underground space in China, more and more geological conditions and extremely complex adjacent tunnel projects of surrounding environment are emerging. Among these poor geological conditions, the aquifer is a typical representation thereof. In the engineering, grouting, drainage and other means are generally adopted to pretreat groundwater in a construction section of the near tunnel, however, the phenomena of poor barrier effect of stratum precipitation or advanced water shutoff on the groundwater, recharge of ground surface or stratum runoff water, infiltration of rainfall water and the like often occur in the construction process, so that a certain amount of groundwater is gushed into the tunnel, and accidents such as tunnel collapse, water gushing and sand burst and the like are caused.
The influence of groundwater cannot be ignored when the near tunnel is constructed in the aquifer. The middle sandwich layer of the adjacent tunnel has smaller thickness and is the weakest position in the whole structure of the tunnel, and the tunnel has the characteristics of complex structural stress, various construction procedures, frequent surrounding rock stress change and the like; in addition, the cementing force of the soil body in the water-bearing stratum is poor, the strength is low, and water flow easily forms moving water under the condition of having a pressure release channel, so that synchronous flow of water and sand is caused. When the near-junction tunnel meets underground water in the construction process, the middle-interlayer water-containing soil layer is subjected to the double effects of construction disturbance and groundwater erosion, so that the middle-interlayer soil layer is extremely easy to collapse, and the safety construction of the near-junction tunnel is challenged.
When the near-connected tunnel is excavated in the water-containing soil stratum, the water-containing soil stratum is clamped in the near-connected tunnel, so that disaster accidents such as water surge and sand burst are easily generated, and the near-connected tunnel has the characteristics of short early warning time, difficulty in effective treatment and the like in engineering. Therefore, the method for researching the excavation erosion characteristics of the water-bearing soil layers in the adjacent tunnels by adopting the model test has important theoretical and practical significance. However, the conventional simulation test device and method for the excavation of the near tunnel do not fully consider the influence of unloading effect caused by the construction of the near tunnel on the erosion evolution characteristic of the middle-layer water-bearing soil when researching the erosion process and the destruction characteristic of the water-bearing soil stratum, and the simulation of the excavation erosion process of the middle-layer water-bearing soil in the near tunnel is not accurate enough, so that the model test result is lack of persuasion. The invention discloses a test device and a test method for simulating the excavation erosion of a water-bearing stratum in a near tunnel, which can realize the visual simulation of the excavation erosion process of the water-bearing stratum in the near tunnel, and are beneficial to researching the influence of the fluid coupling effect on the stability of the stratum in the near tunnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect of a device for testing the excavation erosion of a ground-bearing stratum in a near tunnel in the current water-bearing stratum, and provides a device and a method for testing the excavation erosion of the ground-bearing stratum in the near tunnel, which effectively solve the problems that the existing test device is poor in simulation adaptability to the alternate excavation and seepage effects of the near tunnel and cannot quantitatively and accurately simulate the erosion evolution process of the ground-bearing stratum in the near tunnel.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a test device and a test method for simulating excavation erosion of an aquifer in a near tunnel comprise a visual model box, a tunnel construction simulation system, a seepage control system and a digital acquisition and high-speed camera system.
The visual model box consists of an upper liquid collecting cavity, a lower liquid collecting cavity, a transparent soil box and an air bag chamber, wherein the transparent soil box is arranged at the middle position of the visual model box, and similar materials of a water-containing soil layer are contained in the adjacent tunnel.
The tunnel construction simulation system is composed of an air bag and excavation control equipment, wherein a circular metal flange is arranged on the side wall of the lower portion of the air bag, and the metal flange is connected with a rubber hose.
The excavation control equipment consists of an air compressor and a barometer, and the air compressor is connected with the air bag through a rubber hose.
The seepage control system consists of a movable water tank, a water level height control device and a slag collecting and liquid collecting tank, wherein the movable water tank is connected with the upper liquid collecting cavity through a water inlet pipe, and the slag collecting and liquid collecting tank is connected with the lower liquid collecting cavity through a slag discharging plastic pipe.
The water level height control device consists of a movable base, a bracket, an inclined strut, a storage platform, a graduated scale, a vertical rack, a horizontal rack, a hand crank and a hand crank fixing device.
The digital acquisition and high-speed camera system consists of a laser, a high-speed camera and a computer, wherein the laser is used for acquiring section images of similar materials of a middle-clamp aquifer at different positions, and the high-speed camera is used for shooting the migration condition of particles and liquid in the section images.
The computer is connected with the laser and the high-speed camera.
Further, the transparent soil box has a length of 200 mm, a width of 200 mm and a height of 300 mm.
The upper liquid collecting cavity is arranged on the upper portion of the transparent soil box, the length of the upper liquid collecting cavity is 200 mm, the width of the upper liquid collecting cavity is 200 mm, the height of the upper liquid collecting cavity is 50 mm, the top of the upper liquid collecting cavity is provided with a hole, the water inlet pipe is connected with the hole, and a hole permeable upper partition plate is arranged between the upper liquid collecting cavity and the transparent soil box.
The gasbag room sets up in the both sides of transparent soil case, and its length is 100 millimeters, and the width is 200 millimeters, and the height is 300 millimeters, is provided with transparent rubber baffle between gasbag room and the transparent soil case.
The lower liquid collecting cavity is arranged at the lower part of the transparent soil box, and an open pore underwater partition plate is arranged between the lower liquid collecting cavity and the transparent soil box.
Further, the length of the perforated water permeable upper partition plate is 200 mm, the width of the perforated water permeable upper partition plate is 200 mm, the perforated aperture of the perforated water permeable upper partition plate can ensure that liquid can pass through smoothly, and fused quartz sand in similar materials of the middle-contained water-bearing layer can not pass through, the length of the perforated water permeable lower partition plate is 400 mm, the width of the perforated water permeable upper partition plate is 200 mm, and the perforated aperture allows liquid and particles to pass through smoothly.
The thickness of the transparent rubber partition board is 3 mm to 5 mm, a certain small deformation amount of the transparent rubber partition board is allowed in the experimental process, and the rubber partition board can be manufactured into a waterproof partition board, a water-permeable perforated rubber partition board and a water-permeable sand-permeable perforated partition board.
The length of the lower liquid collecting cavity is 400 mm, the width is 200 mm, and the height is 50 mm.
Further, the balloon is made of transparent rubber and is placed in the balloon chamber, and the length of the single balloon is 100 mm, the width is 200 mm, and the height is 300 mm.
Further, the scale is installed on the support, the movable water tank is placed on the object placing platform, and the height of the water head in the movable water tank can be determined by recording the height of the object placing platform.
Further, the visual model box is a square box body made of transparent organic glass, and the middle-sandwiched water-containing soil layer similar material is formed by mixing and stirring fused quartz sand and ethanol distilled water.
The invention also discloses a test method of the test device for simulating the excavation erosion of the water-bearing stratum in the near tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing and stirring fused silica sand and ethanol distilled water, preparing similar materials with a water-soil layer, pouring the materials into a transparent soil box, and simultaneously adding fluorescent agent into fluid in the movable water box.
2) Designing a test scheme, determining the embedding depth of a near tunnel, calculating the initial stress of surrounding rock corresponding to the embedding depth, closing an exhaust valve, opening an inflation valve, inflating the air bags on two sides through an air compressor, reading the inflation pressure in the air bags in real time through a barometer in the inflation process until the air pressure reaches the initial ground stress corresponding to a simulation working condition, closing the inflation valve, keeping the air pressure in the air bags on two sides stable, adjusting the height of a movable water tank through a water level height control device, and setting the water head height required by the test working condition.
3) And opening the water inlet valve to enable the fluid in the movable water tank to flow into the upper liquid collecting cavity, and enabling the fluid in the upper liquid collecting cavity to flow into the transparent soil box through the perforated water-permeable upper partition plate.
4) The liquid in the transparent soil box flows into the liquid collecting cavity at the lower part through the underwater partition plate with the holes, finally flows into the slag collecting and liquid collecting box through the slag discharging plastic pipe, and after the liquid flow tends to be stable, the exhaust valve is opened, and the alternate excavation and unloading process of the approaching tunnel is simulated by controlling the air discharging sequence and the air discharging speed of the air bag.
5) In the unloading process of the air bag, the particle migration and liquid flow erosion conditions of similar materials in the soil layers of the water-bearing soil in the transparent soil box are monitored in real time through a digital acquisition and high-speed camera system, and related monitoring data are recorded and stored through a computer connected with the digital acquisition and high-speed camera system.
6) After the unloading of the gasbag is completed, the exhaust valve is closed, the process is repeated, the water head height is changed by ascending or descending the movable water tank, thereby completing the test process under the working conditions of different fluid flow rates, and the test process under the working conditions of different lining structures can be completed by replacing the transparent rubber partition plate, namely, the working condition that the supporting structure of the near tunnel has good waterproofness is simulated by arranging the waterproof rubber partition plate, the working condition that the medium-middle-layer stratum has liquid seepage to enter the tunnel after the tunnel is excavated is simulated by arranging the perforated rubber partition plate which only allows liquid to pass through, and the working condition that the medium-middle-layer stratum has soil-liquid mixed multidirectional medium to enter the tunnel after the tunnel is excavated is simulated by arranging the perforated rubber partition plate which simultaneously allows liquid and fused quartz sand to pass through.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the test device and the method for simulating the excavation erosion of the water-bearing stratum in the near tunnel, the influence of the unloading effect caused by the excavation of the near tunnel in the water-bearing stratum on the erosion evolution characteristic of the water-bearing stratum is fully considered, the disturbance influence process of the alternating excavation unloading effect and the seepage effect of the near tunnel on the water-bearing stratum, which cannot be simulated simultaneously by the traditional excavation test device, is overcome, the actual construction process of the near tunnel in the water-bearing stratum is reduced and simulated better, the test process is more real, and the test result is more reliable.
2. According to the test device and the test method for simulating the excavation erosion of the water-bearing stratum in the near tunnel, disclosed by the invention, the erosion evolution process of the water-bearing stratum in the near tunnel can be quantitatively and accurately simulated, the visual simulation of the particle migration and the liquid flow at any position tangent plane in the middle water-bearing stratum sample under the influence of excavation unloading can be realized, the whole process of the excavation erosion of the water-bearing stratum in the near tunnel is more truly reduced, the multi-condition simulation of the excavation of the near tunnel can be realized by changing the water head height and replacing the transparent rubber partition plates at the two sides of the transparent soil box, and the influence of the flow coupling effect on the stability of the stratum in the near tunnel can be further studied.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an excavation erosion test device for a water-bearing stratum in a near tunnel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an apertured water permeable upper separator plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an air bag structure;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a water level control apparatus.
In the figure, 1, an upper liquid collecting cavity, 2, a lower liquid collecting cavity, 3, a transparent soil box, 4, an air bag chamber, 5, a similar material with an aqueous soil layer, 6, a water inlet pipe, 7, an open water permeable upper baffle plate, 8, an air bag, 9, a transparent rubber baffle plate, 10, an open water permeable lower baffle plate, 11, a slag discharging plastic pipe, 12, a slag collecting liquid box, 13, a metal flange, 14, a rubber hose, 15, an air compressor, 16, a barometer, 17, an exhaust valve, 18, an air charging valve, 19, a movable water tank, 20, a movable base, 21, a bracket, 22, a diagonal brace, 23, a placement platform, 24, a graduated scale, 25, a vertical rack, 26, a horizontal rack, 27, a crank handle, 28, a handle fixing device, 29, a laser, 30, a high-speed camera, 31, a computer and 32.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, but it should not be construed that the scope of the subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations are made according to the ordinary skill and familiar means of the art without departing from the technical spirit of the invention, and all such substitutions and alterations are intended to be included in the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a test device and a method for simulating excavation erosion of an aquifer in a near tunnel, wherein the test device comprises a visual model box, a tunnel construction simulation system, a seepage control system and a digital acquisition and high-speed camera system.
The visual model box is a square box body made of transparent organic glass and is composed of an upper liquid collecting cavity 1, a lower liquid collecting cavity 2, a transparent soil box 3 and an air bag chamber 4. The transparent soil box 3 is arranged in the middle of the visual model box, a water-soil-layer-contained similar material 5 is contained in the adjacent tunnel, and the water-soil-layer-contained similar material 5 is formed by mixing and stirring fused quartz sand and ethanol distilled water; the transparent soil box 3 has a length of 200 mm, a width of 200 mm and a height of 300 mm; the transparent soil box 3 upper portion is provided with upper portion liquid collecting cavity 1, and upper portion liquid collecting cavity 1's length is 200 millimeters, and the width is 200 millimeters, and the height is 50 millimeters, and inlet tube 6 is connected to upper portion liquid collecting cavity 1 top trompil, and upper portion liquid collecting cavity 1's main role is held upper portion and comes water, reduces the direct washing of water-soil layer similar material 5 in the transparent soil box that is contained by the liquid of inlet tube 6 inflow, sets up trompil water-permeable upper baffle 7 between upper portion liquid collecting cavity 1 and the transparent soil box 3.
Referring to fig. 2, the length of the perforated water permeable upper partition 7 is 200 mm, the width is 200 mm, the aperture diameter of the perforated water permeable upper partition can ensure that liquid can pass smoothly, and fused silica sand in the similar material 5 of the middle-sandwiched water-containing soil layer can not pass.
The air bag chambers 4 are arranged on two sides of the transparent soil box 3 and are mainly used for placing air bags 8, the length of each air bag chamber 4 is 100 mm, the width is 200 mm, the height is 300 mm, and a transparent rubber partition plate 9 is arranged between each air bag chamber 4 and the transparent soil box 3. The transparent rubber partition plate 9 can be manufactured into a waterproof partition plate, a water-permeable perforated rubber partition plate and a water-permeable sand-permeable perforated rubber partition plate, and can be replaced according to design working conditions during test. The thickness of the transparent rubber separator 9 varies from 3 mm to 5 mm, allowing the transparent rubber separator 9 to undergo a certain amount of minute deformation during the experiment.
The lower liquid collecting cavity 2 is arranged at the lower part of the transparent soil box 3, the length of the lower liquid collecting cavity 2 is 400 mm, the width is 200 mm, and the height is 50 mm. An open-pore permeable lower baffle 10 is arranged between the lower liquid collecting cavity 2 and the transparent soil box 3, the length of the open-pore permeable lower baffle 10 is 400 mm, the width is 200 mm, and the aperture of the open-pore allows liquid and particles to pass through smoothly. The bottom of the lower liquid collecting cavity 2 is provided with a hole and is connected with a slag discharging plastic pipe 11, and slag bodies generated in the test are discharged into a slag collecting and liquid collecting box 12 through the slag discharging plastic pipe 11.
The tunnel construction simulation system consists of an air bag 8 and excavation control equipment. Referring to fig. 3, the air bag 8 is made of transparent rubber, the air bag 8 is in a cuboid shape, the size of a single air bag 8 is the same as the internal size of the air bag chamber 4, the length of the air bag 8 is 100 mm, the width of the air bag is 200 mm, the height of the air bag is 300 mm, the air pressure bearing capacity of the air bag 8 is not lower than 10kPa, a circular metal flange 13 is mounted on the side wall of the lower part of the air bag 8, a rubber hose 14 is perforated in the middle of the metal flange 13 and connected with the metal flange, the rubber hose 14 is used as an air inlet and air outlet channel of the air bag 8, and the tunnel excavation process is simulated in an air bag unloading mode during a test.
The excavation control device consists of an air compressor 15 and a barometer 16. The air compressor 15 is connected with the air bag 8 through a rubber hose 14. The air bag 8 is inflated by the air compressor 15 and applies pressure to the intermediate layer of water-soil-containing layer-like material 5 through the transparent rubber partition plates 9 on both sides of the transparent soil box 3 to simulate the initial stress inside the stratum before tunnel excavation. The deflation sequence and the deflation rate of the two air bags 8 are controlled through the exhaust valve 17 to simulate the alternate excavation unloading working condition of the adjacent tunnel. A barometer 16 mounted on the rubber hose 14 can monitor the gas pressure in the bladder 8 in real time.
The seepage control system consists of a movable water tank 19, a water level height control device and a slag and liquid collecting tank 12. The movable water tank 19 is connected with the upper liquid collecting cavity 1 through the water inlet pipe 6, and the slag collecting and liquid collecting tank 12 is connected with the lower liquid collecting cavity 2 through the slag discharging plastic pipe 11. The slag collection and liquid collection tank 12 is used for collecting seepage liquid and erosion particles generated during the test.
Referring to fig. 4, the water level height control device is composed of a movable base 20, a bracket 21, a diagonal brace 22, a storage platform 23, a graduated scale 24, a vertical rack 25, a horizontal rack 26, a hand crank 27 and a hand crank fixing device 28. The support 21 is of an inverted L shape, the lower part of the support 21 is connected with the movable base 20, a crank fixing device 28 is arranged at the upper part of the support 21, an inclined strut 22 is arranged at the side edge of the support 21 to keep the overall stability of the support 21, a graduated scale 24 is arranged at the other side of the support 21, and the graduated scale 24 is used for recording the height of the storage platform 23. The object placing platform 23 is connected with the graduated scale 24 in a sliding way and can slide up and down along the graduated scale 24. A handle fixing device 28 is installed at the upper portion of the bracket 21 for fixing the positions of the handle 27 and the horizontal rack 26. The horizontal rack 26 is connected to the crank 27 and is connected to the vertical rack 25 in an orthogonal manner. One end of the vertical rack 25 is fixedly connected with the object placing platform 23. When the hand crank 27 and the horizontal rack 26 rotate together, the vertical rack 25 is driven to move up and down, so that the height position of the object placing platform 23 can be changed. The movable water tank 19 is placed on the object placing platform 23, and the height of the water head in the movable water tank 19 can be determined by recording the height of the object placing platform 23. The water tank height control device is used for adjusting the liquid flow and the water head height required in the test.
The digital acquisition and high-speed camera system consists of a laser 29, a high-speed camera 30 and a computer 31. The laser 29 provides mainly laser sources of different brightness, and by moving the position of the laser 29 during the test, two-dimensional "slices" can be produced at different positions inside the sample of similar material 5 in the middle of the aquifer. The high-speed camera 30 captures the migration of particles and fluid flow in any two-dimensional "slice" of the sample of the similar material 5 of the subsoil during the real-time shooting of the sample. A computer 31 is connected to the laser 29 and the high speed camera 30 for controlling and recording data.
The embodiment can realize the visual simulation of the process of the excavation erosion of the middle-layer stratum in the close tunnel of the water-containing soil stratum, truly restores the seepage erosion process of the water-containing body of the middle-layer stratum under the influence of the alternate excavation unloading of the close tunnel, accurately considers the influence of the coupling effect of flow force on the stability of the middle-layer stratum, and simultaneously realizes the visual monitoring and simulation of the flow process of the erosion soil particles of the middle-layer stratum.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a test device and a method for simulating excavation erosion of an aquifer in a near tunnel, which are related to the test device and the method in the embodiment 1, wherein the specific test method comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing and stirring fused silica sand and ethanol distilled water, preparing a middle-sandwiched water-soil-layer similar material 5, pouring the prepared middle-sandwiched water-soil-layer similar material 5 into a transparent soil box 3 of a visual model box, and simultaneously adding a fluorescent agent into pore fluid in a movable water tank 19.
2) The method comprises the steps of designing a test scheme, determining the embedding depth of a near tunnel, calculating the initial stress of surrounding rock corresponding to the embedding depth, closing an exhaust valve 17, opening an inflation valve 18, inflating the air bags 8 on two sides through an air compressor 15, reading the inflation pressure in the air bags 8 in real time through a barometer 16 in the inflation process until the air pressure reaches the initial ground stress corresponding to a simulated working condition, closing the inflation valve 18, keeping the air pressure in the air bags 8 on two sides stable, adjusting the height of a movable water tank 19 through a water level height control device, and setting the water head height required by the test working condition.
3) The water inlet valve 32 is opened to enable the fluid in the movable water tank 19 to flow into the upper liquid collecting cavity 1, and the fluid in the upper liquid collecting cavity 1 flows into the transparent soil box 3 through the perforated water-permeable upper partition 7, so that the water-containing seepage condition of the stratum in the adjacent tunnel is built.
4) The liquid in the transparent soil box 3 flows into the lower liquid collecting cavity 2 through the underwater partition board 10 with holes, finally flows into the slag collecting and liquid collecting box 12 through the slag discharging plastic pipe 11, after the liquid flow tends to be stable, the exhaust valve 17 is opened, and the alternate excavation unloading process of the approaching tunnel is simulated by controlling the deflation sequence and the deflation rate of the air bags 8.
5) In the unloading process of the air bag 8, the particle migration and liquid flow erosion condition of the similar material 5 of the water-soil layer in the transparent soil box 3 are monitored in real time through a digital acquisition and high-speed camera system, and a computer 31 is connected with the digital acquisition and high-speed camera system and is used for controlling, recording and storing relevant monitoring data.
6) After the air bag 8 is unloaded, the exhaust valve 17 is closed, the process is repeated, the object placing platform 23 and the movable water tank 19 are driven to ascend or descend by shaking the hand crank 27, so that the water head height is changed to complete the test process of different fluid flow speed working conditions, in addition, the transparent rubber partition 9 can be replaced to complete the test process of different lining structure working conditions, the waterproof rubber partition is arranged to simulate the working condition that the small clean tunnel supporting structure has good waterproofness, the perforated rubber partition only allowing liquid to pass through is arranged to simulate the working condition that the medium is clamped in the tunnel after the tunnel is excavated, and the perforated rubber partition allowing liquid and fused quartz sand to pass through is arranged to simulate the working condition that the medium is clamped in the medium into the tunnel after the tunnel is excavated.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A test device and a method for simulating excavation erosion of a water-bearing stratum in a near tunnel are characterized in that: the system comprises a visual model box, a tunnel construction simulation system, a seepage control system and a digital acquisition and high-speed camera system;
the visual model box consists of an upper liquid collecting cavity (1), a lower liquid collecting cavity (2), a transparent soil box (3) and an air chamber (4), wherein the transparent soil box (3) is arranged in the middle of the visual model box, and a similar material (5) of a water-containing soil layer is clamped in a near tunnel;
the tunnel construction simulation system consists of an air bag (8) and excavation control equipment, wherein a circular metal flange (13) is arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the air bag (8), and the metal flange (13) is connected with a rubber hose (14);
the excavation control equipment consists of an air compressor (15) and an air pressure meter (16), wherein the air compressor (15) and the air pump (8) are connected by a rubber hose (14);
the seepage control system consists of a movable water tank (19), a water level height control device and a slag collecting and liquid collecting tank (12), wherein the movable water tank (19) is connected with the upper liquid collecting cavity (1) through a water inlet pipe (6), and the slag collecting and liquid collecting tank (12) is connected with the lower liquid collecting cavity (2) through a slag discharging plastic pipe (11);
the water level height control device consists of a movable base (20), a bracket (21), an inclined strut (22), a storage platform (23), a graduated scale (24), a vertical rack (25), a horizontal rack (26), a hand crank (27) and a hand crank fixing device (28);
the digital acquisition and high-speed shooting system consists of a laser (29), a high-speed camera (30) and a computer (31), wherein the laser (29) is used for acquiring section images of similar materials (5) with water-containing soil layers at different positions, and the high-speed camera (30) is used for shooting the migration condition of particles and liquid in the section images;
the computer (31) is connected with the laser (29) and the high-speed camera (30).
2. The test device and method for simulating excavation erosion of an aquifer in a near tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the test device is characterized in that: the transparent soil box (3) has the length of 200 mm, the width of 200 mm and the height of 300 mm;
the upper liquid collecting cavity (1) is arranged at the upper part of the transparent soil box (3), the length of the upper liquid collecting cavity is 200 mm, the width of the upper liquid collecting cavity is 200 mm, the height of the upper liquid collecting cavity is 50 mm, an opening at the top of the upper liquid collecting cavity (1) is connected with the water inlet pipe (6), and an opening water permeable upper partition plate (7) is arranged between the upper liquid collecting cavity (1) and the transparent soil box (3);
the air bag chambers (4) are arranged on two sides of the transparent soil box (3), the length of the air bag chambers is 100 mm, the width of the air bag chambers is 200 mm, the height of the air bag chambers is 300 mm, and transparent rubber partition plates (9) are arranged between the air bag chambers (4) and the transparent soil box (3);
the lower liquid collecting cavity (2) is arranged at the lower part of the transparent soil box (3), and an open-pore underwater partition board (10) is arranged between the lower liquid collecting cavity (2) and the transparent soil box (3).
3. The test device and method for simulating excavation erosion of an aquifer in a near tunnel according to claim 2, wherein the test device is characterized in that: the length of the perforated water permeable upper partition plate (7) is 200 mm, the width of the perforated water permeable upper partition plate is 200 mm, the perforated aperture of the perforated water permeable upper partition plate can ensure that liquid can pass smoothly, fused quartz sand in a similar material (5) with a water-containing soil layer can not pass, the length of the perforated water permeable upper partition plate (10) is 400 mm, the width of the perforated water permeable upper partition plate is 200 mm, and the perforated aperture allows liquid and particles to pass smoothly;
the thickness of the transparent rubber partition board (9) is 3 mm to 5 mm, a certain small deformation amount of the transparent rubber partition board (9) is allowed in the experimental process, and the rubber partition board (9) can be manufactured into a waterproof partition board, a water-permeable perforated rubber partition board and a water-permeable sand-permeable perforated partition board;
the length of the lower liquid collecting cavity (2) is 400 mm, the width is 200 mm, and the height is 50 mm.
4. The test device and method for simulating excavation erosion of an aquifer in a near tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the test device is characterized in that: the air bags (8) are made of transparent rubber and are arranged in the air bag chamber (4), the length of each air bag (8) is 100 mm, the width is 200 mm, and the height is 300 mm.
5. The test device and method for simulating excavation erosion of an aquifer in a near tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the test device is characterized in that: the scale (24) is arranged on the support (21), the movable water tank (19) is arranged on the storage platform (23), and the height of the water head in the movable water tank (19) can be determined by recording the height of the storage platform (23).
6. The test device and method for simulating excavation erosion of an aquifer in a near tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the test device is characterized in that: the visual model box is a square box body made of transparent organic glass, and the middle-sandwiched water-containing soil layer similar material (5) is formed by mixing and stirring fused quartz sand and ethanol distilled water.
7. A test apparatus and method for simulating the excavation erosion of a aquifer in a hugging tunnel according to claim 1, wherein: the specific embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing and stirring fused silica sand and ethanol distilled water, preparing a similar material (5) with a water-soil layer, pouring the similar material into a transparent soil box (3), and simultaneously adding a fluorescent agent into fluid in a movable water box (19);
2) Designing a test scheme, determining the embedding depth of a near tunnel, calculating the initial stress of surrounding rock corresponding to the embedding depth, closing an exhaust valve (17), opening an inflation valve (18), inflating the air bags (8) at two sides through an air compressor (15), reading the inflation pressure in the air bags (8) in real time through an air pressure gauge (16) in the inflation process until the air pressure reaches the initial ground stress corresponding to a simulated working condition, closing the inflation valve (18), keeping the air pressure in the air bags (8) at two sides stable, and then adjusting the height of a movable water tank (19) through a water level height control device to set the water head height required by the test working condition;
3) Opening a water inlet valve (32) to enable fluid in the movable water tank (19) to flow into the upper liquid collecting cavity (1), and enable the fluid in the upper liquid collecting cavity (1) to flow into the transparent soil box (3) through the perforated water-permeable upper partition plate (7);
4) The liquid in the transparent soil box (3) flows into the liquid collecting cavity (2) at the lower part through the perforated water permeable lower partition plate (10), then finally flows into the slag collecting and liquid collecting box (12) through the slag discharging plastic pipe (11), after the liquid flow tends to be stable, the exhaust valve (17) is opened, and the alternate excavation and unloading process of the approaching tunnel is simulated by controlling the air discharging sequence and the air discharging rate of the air bag (8);
5) In the unloading process of the air bag (8), the particle migration and liquid flow erosion conditions of the similar material (5) of the water-bearing soil layer sandwiched in the transparent soil box (3) are monitored in real time through a digital acquisition and high-speed camera system, and related monitoring data are recorded and stored through a computer (31) connected with the digital acquisition and high-speed camera system;
6) After the unloading of the air bag (8) is finished, the exhaust valve (17) is closed, the process is repeated, the water head height is changed by ascending or descending the movable water tank (19), so that the test process under the working conditions of different fluid flow rates is finished, the test process under the working conditions of different lining structures is finished by replacing the transparent rubber partition plate (9), namely, the working condition with good waterproofness of the small clean tunnel supporting structure is simulated by arranging the waterproof rubber partition plate, the working condition that liquid seepage flows into the tunnel is simulated by the middle-clamp stratum after the tunnel is excavated by arranging the perforated rubber partition plate which only allows liquid to pass through, and the working condition that soil-liquid mixed multidirectional medium is clamped in the middle-clamp stratum after the tunnel is excavated is simulated by arranging the perforated rubber partition plate which simultaneously allows liquid and fused quartz sand to pass through.
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