CN112655550B - Fruit cucumber hybrid seed production method - Google Patents
Fruit cucumber hybrid seed production method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for fruit cucumber hybrid seed production, which comprises the following steps: selecting spring or autumn seedlings of fruit cucumbers, preparing a seedling shed, sowing male parents 7-10 days earlier than female parents after treating seeds, performing seedling management, preparing soil 1 month before field planting, performing field management after field planting, performing field management 1 day before pollination to prevent male flowers from appearing in a female parent field, tightly clamping female buds with yellow crowns which are about to open in the next morning of the female parent, picking the male parents in the evening 1 day before pollination, smearing pollen of the picked male parents on female flower stems of the female parent in the morning, pollinating 1 female flower pollen every 2-3 flowers, pollinating 4-5 female flowers on each female parent, selecting 3 fruits for pollination, performing pest control, harvesting, fermenting, washing and screening melon pulp to obtain seeds. The method can improve the seed production amount, reduce the seed shrinkage rate, reduce the technical difficulty of hybrid seed production of the fruit cucumbers and reduce the seed cost of the fruit cucumbers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit cucumber hybrid seed production, and particularly relates to a fruit cucumber hybrid seed production method.
Background
The fruit cucumber is also called mini cucumber and gherkin, has small stick, green color, no thorn, thin skin, crisp meat and sweet taste, is especially suitable for picking fresh food, and is popular with consumers. The fruit cucumbers have remarkable social and economic benefits, the planting scale is continuously enlarged in recent years, the seed demand is continuously increased, but most of the fruit cucumbers are female lines, and the fruit cucumbers need to be fertilized by using medicaments, so that the fruit cucumbers are not beneficial to hybrid seed production.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a fruit cucumber hybrid seed production method aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the method can improve the seed production quantity, reduce the seed-shrinkage rate, reduce the technical difficulty of fruit cucumber hybrid seed production and reduce the seed cost of fruit cucumbers.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for producing seeds by fruit cucumber hybridization comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging crops for rotation:
selecting spring stubbles or autumn stubbles of fruit cucumbers for seedling culture;
s2, seedling culture:
s201, preparing a seedling shed:
arranging a hole disc in a seedling raising greenhouse with the temperature of 15-25 ℃, wherein a seedling raising matrix in the hole disc is formed by stacking the following raw materials in parts by weight for more than 2 months: 1000 parts of matrix, 50 parts of decomposed animal manure and 2 parts of calcium superphosphate; the seedling raising substrate is kneaded into a cluster and falls to the ground to be scattered;
s202, seed treatment:
sunning fruit cucumber seeds for 2 d-3 d, then soaking the seeds in 1% by mass potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 20min, washing the seeds with clear water, stirring and soaking the seeds in water at the temperature of 55-60 ℃ for 30min, stopping stirring when the temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, continuing soaking for 4h, taking out the seeds, washing the seeds with clear water, accelerating germination at the temperature of 28 ℃, and obtaining seeds to be sowed when 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white;
s203, sowing:
the spring stubble of the fruit cucumber is sowed at the beginning of 2 months to 3 months, the autumn stubble is sowed in ten days of 8 months, the male parent of the seed to be sowed obtained in S202 is sowed 7 days to 10 days earlier than the female parent, and the sowing ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: (3-5) sowing the seeds in the hole trays in the seedling shed in the S201 for hole tray seedling cultivation, wherein 1 seed is sowed in each hole, the soil is covered for 1cm, watering is carried out, if the spring stubbles are covered with a mulching film on the hole trays for heat preservation and moisture preservation, the mulching film is removed after the seeds are broken, and the autumn stubbles are not covered with the mulching film;
s204, seedling management:
the temperature of the seedling raising shed before emergence of seedlings in the daytime is set to be 30 ℃, the temperature at night is set to be 20 ℃, the temperature of the seedling raising shed after emergence of seedlings in the daytime is set to be 25 ℃, the temperature at night is set to be 15 ℃, the temperature of the seedling raising shed is reduced and the seedlings are hardened in the 7 days before planting, the temperature of the seedling raising shed in the daytime is set to be 20 ℃ and the temperature at night is set to be 15 ℃ during hardening; watering according to the soil moisture content, spraying 15% hymexazol water solution on a seedbed for 2-3 times in the seedling stage to prevent and control cucumber damping-off and damping-off, wherein the spraying interval is 6-10 days;
s3, soil preparation:
deeply turning over soil in the seedling shed 1 month before field planting, applying compound fertilizer a, ridging, 1-2 days before field planting, and covering a mulching film after sole water is poured into the planting holes;
s4, planting:
when the fruit cucumber seedlings grow to the two-leaf one-heart period, field planting is carried out in a seedling shed, spring stubbles are field-planted in the morning on a fine day in the middle of 3 months, autumn stubbles are field-planted in the afternoon on a fine day in the middle of 8 months, no other variety exists within 500 m during field planting, two lines are formed in each ridge, the row spacing is 40cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the seedling retention rate is 2000 plants/mu-2400 plants/mu, the male parent and the female parent are divided into two areas for planting, and sufficient root fixing water is poured once after field planting;
s5, field management:
s501, temperature and light management:
after field planting, the illumination time in the greenhouse is 8-12 h, the daytime temperature is set to be 30-35 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is set to be 15-20 ℃; ventilating for 2-2.5 h at noon in fine days after seedling delay; during full bloom, the temperature is set to be 30-35 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night; after the fruit setting period, the temperature is set to be 28-30 ℃ in the daytime, and the ventilation and the light transmission are carried out in sunny days;
s502, fertilizer and water management:
after seedling slowing, irrigating seedling slowing water in the morning of fine day to keep the water content of the soil at 18-20%, planting for 15 days, and applying the water with the amount of 100kg/hm 2 The compound fertilizer b is sprayed with foliar fertilizer at the middle and later growth stages for 3 times, and the spraying amount is 1.3kg/hm 2 ～1.5kg/hm 2 Spraying a foliar fertilizer 2 days before cross pollination in the 1 st time, spraying a foliar fertilizer 3 days after pollination in the 2 nd time, and spraying a foliar fertilizer 3 days after pollination in the 3 rd time;
s503, plant adjustment:
when the 4 th true leaf appears in the female parent plant, the frame is built or the vine is hung, the lateral branch on the main vine of the female parent plant is removed, the female flowers above the 6 th node are pollinated, if a plurality of female flowers appear on the same node, 1 female flower is selected and reserved, and other female flowers are removed; when the main vines of the female parent plants grow to the 15 th-20 th section, main vine pinching is carried out, and 3-4 seed melons are reserved on each female parent plant;
spraying gibberellin water solution with the concentration of 300mg/L once on the male parent plant from two leaves to four leaves and one heart;
s6, hybrid seed production:
s601, checking purity:
before pollination, the purity of the male parent and the female parent is checked, and impurity removal work is repeatedly carried out in the whole growing season to ensure the purity of the parents;
s602, seed production:
s60201, preparation:
removing all opened male flowers and male flower buds on the female parent plant 1 day before pollination, and removing all opened female flowers and female flowers which are opening so that the female parent plant does not have opened male flowers; the picked flowers and buds are treated and buried in a centralized way;
in the afternoon of the first 1 day before pollination, female parents are tightly clamped by plastic clamps, in the evening of the first 1 day before pollination, male parents are picked off, in the morning of the second day, the crowns which are about to open are yellow, wet towels are covered in a plastic box and placed in a shade;
s60202, pollination:
at 7-11 am, smearing pollen of a male parent picked in S60201 on stigmas of female flowers of a female parent, pollinating 1 female flower pollen by every 2-3 male flowers, clamping the female flowers by a clamp after pollination, tying a hair thread rope on a melon stalk for marking, removing the hair thread rope after pollination and fertilization of the female flowers are finished after 2-3 days, pollinating 4-5 female flowers on each female parent, selecting 3 pollinated fruits, and completely removing the un-pollinated female flowers and fruits;
s7, pest control:
the pest control is mainly agricultural control and physical control, and the chemical control is auxiliary;
s701, agricultural control:
continuous cropping and stubble changing with cucurbit and solanaceous fruit crops are avoided, weeds and residual branches and fallen leaves around a greenhouse and in the field are removed in time, healthy plants are firstly treated and then diseased plants are treated when vine binding, pruning, twitch and fruit picking field operations are carried out, the diseased plants are removed in time, and hands and tools are cleaned and disinfected in time;
s702, physical prevention and treatment:
an insect-proof net is arranged at a ventilation opening of the greenhouse for isolation, pest and disease damage prevention and control are carried out by physical means of light, electricity, sound and heat aiming at the specificity of pests, and pests are trapped by using a yellow sticky plate and a black light lamp;
s703, chemical prevention and treatment:
chemical agent prevention and treatment before or at the initial stage of disease onset;
s8, seed melon harvesting:
harvesting when the seed melon peels are yellow, yellow-white or brown, and harvesting the seeds of the fruit cucumbers in the spring stubbles of 7 months; harvesting and reserving seeds of autumn stubbles of fruit cucumbers in the last 12 th month; after the seed melons are harvested, after the seeds are ripened for 5 to 7 days in the shade, the seeds are washed, the seed melons are cut during the seed washing, melon pulp is placed into a barrel and fermented for 3 days at the temperature of 15 to 20 ℃, the seeds are washed and aired until the water content of the seeds is less than or equal to 10 percent, the seeds are screened, impurities and the seeds which are not full are removed, and the screened seeds are stored in a low-temperature drying place.
Preferably, the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer in the compound fertilizer a in S3 is 20000kg/hm 2 ～30000kg/hm 2 The amount of urea applied was 225kg/hm 2 The dosage of the calcium superphosphate is 350kg/hm 2 The amount of potassium sulfate applied is 225kg/hm 2 。
Preferably, in S3, the ridge width is 60cm, the furrow width is 60cm, and the furrow depth is 20 cm-25 cm.
Preferably, the mass fractions of N, P and K in the compound fertilizer b in S502 are both 17%.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer in S502 is a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:1.
Preferably, the method for checking the purity of the male parent and the female parent in S601 is as follows: the stem, leaf, female flower, male flower, habit and melon-forming part of the plant are checked, and bad plants, variant plants and suspicious plants are removed.
Preferably, the conditions at the low-temperature drying of S8 are: the temperature is-20 ℃ and the humidity is less than or equal to 50 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method can improve the seed production amount, reduce the seed shrinkage rate, reduce the technical difficulty of hybrid seed production of the fruit cucumbers and reduce the seed cost of the fruit cucumbers.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In this example, a test area of 2 mu was obtained in 2019 in modern agricultural park of Jiaxing city, yungutang village, ugu pond, wang Jiangjing.
The method for producing the hybrid seeds of the fruit cucumbers comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging crops for rotation:
selecting spring stubbles of fruit cucumbers for seedling culture;
s2, seedling culture:
s201, preparing a seedling shed:
arranging a plug tray in a seedling raising shed at the temperature of 15 ℃, wherein the seedling raising matrix in the plug tray is formed by stacking the following raw materials in parts by weight for more than 2 months: 1000 parts of matrix, 50 parts of decomposed animal manure and 2 parts of calcium superphosphate; the seedling substrate is kneaded into a group and falls to the ground to be scattered;
s202, seed treatment:
sunning fruit cucumber seeds for 2d, then soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 1% for 20min, washing the seeds with clear water, stirring and soaking the seeds in water with the temperature of 55 ℃ for 30min, stopping stirring when the temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, continuously soaking the seeds for 4h, taking the seeds out, washing the seeds with clear water, accelerating germination at the temperature of 28 ℃, and obtaining seeds to be sowed when 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white;
s203, sowing:
the spring stubble of the fruit cucumber is sowed at the bottom of 2 months (25 days in 2 months), the male parent of the seed to be sowed obtained in S202 is sowed 7 days earlier than the female parent, and the sowing ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1:3, sowing the seeds in the hole trays in the seedling shed in the S201 for hole tray seedling cultivation, 1 seed to be sowed in each hole, covering soil for 1cm, watering, covering a mulching film on the hole trays for heat preservation and moisture preservation for spring stubbles, removing the mulching film after the seeds are broken, and not covering the mulching film on autumn stubbles;
s204, seedling management:
the temperature of the seedling raising shed before emergence of seedlings in the daytime is set to be 30 ℃, the temperature at night is set to be 20 ℃, the temperature of the seedling raising shed after emergence of seedlings in the daytime is set to be 25 ℃, the temperature at night is set to be 15 ℃, the temperature of the seedling raising shed is reduced and the seedlings are hardened in the 7 days before planting, the temperature of the seedling raising shed in the daytime is set to be 20 ℃ and the temperature at night is set to be 15 ℃ during hardening; watering according to the soil moisture content, and spraying 15% hymexazol water solution on the seedbed for 3 times in the seedling stage to prevent and control damping-off and damping-off of cucumber, wherein the spraying interval is 6 days;
s3, soil preparation:
deeply turning over soil in the seedling shed 1 month before field planting, applying compound fertilizer a, ridging, and covering a mulching film after sufficient bottom water is poured in the planting holes 1 day before field planting; the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer in the compound fertilizer a is 20000kg/hm 2 The amount of urea applied was 225kg/hm 2 The dosage of the calcium superphosphate is 350kg/hm 2 The amount of potassium sulfate applied is 225kg/hm 2 (ii) a The ridge width is 60cm, the furrow width is 60cm, and the furrow depth is 20cm;
s4, planting:
when the fruit cucumber seedlings grow to the two-leaf one-heart stage, field planting is carried out in a seedling shed, spring stubbles are field-planted in the morning of fine days in the middle 3 th (3 months and 15 days), no other varieties exist within 500 meters during field planting, every ridge has two lines, the plant spacing is 40cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the seedling retention rate is 2000 plants/mu, the male parent and the female parent are divided into two areas for planting, and sufficient root fixing water is poured at one time after field planting;
s5, field management:
s501, temperature and light management:
after planting, the illumination time in the greenhouse is 8h, the daytime temperature is set to be 35 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is set to be 15 ℃; ventilating for 2.5h at noon in fine days after seedling delay; in the full-bloom stage, the temperature is set to be 30 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night; after the fruit setting period, the temperature is set to be 28 ℃ in the daytime, and the greenhouse is ventilated and light-transmitting in sunny days, so that the humidity in the greenhouse is reduced;
s502, fertilizer and water management:
after seedling slowing, irrigating seedling slowing water in the morning of fine day, keeping the water content of the soil at 18%, and planting for 15 days, wherein the application amount along with the water is 100kg/hm 2 The compound fertilizer b is sprayed with foliar fertilizer at the middle and later growth stages for 3 times, and the spraying amount is 1.3kg/hm 2 Spraying a foliar fertilizer 2 days before cross pollination in the 1 st time, spraying a foliar fertilizer 3 days after pollination in the 2 nd time, and spraying a foliar fertilizer 3 days after pollination in the 3 rd time; the mass fractions of N, P and K in the compound fertilizer b are both 17%; the foliar fertilizer is a mixture of monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate with the mass ratio of 1:1;
s503, plant adjustment:
when the 4 th true leaf appears in the female parent plant, the frame is built or the vine is hung, the lateral branch on the main vine of the female parent plant is removed, the female flowers above the 6 th node are pollinated, if a plurality of female flowers appear on the same node, 1 female flower is selected and reserved, and other female flowers are removed; when the main vines of the female parent plants grow to the 15 th section, main vine pinching is carried out, and 3 seed melons are reserved on each female parent plant;
spraying gibberellin water solution with the concentration of 300mg/L once on the male parent plant from two leaves to four leaves and one heart;
s6, hybrid seed production:
s601, checking purity:
before pollination, the purity of the male parent and the female parent is checked, and the impurity removal work is repeatedly carried out in the whole growing season to ensure the purity of the parent; the method for checking the purity of the male parent and the female parent comprises the following steps: checking the stem, leaf, female flower, male flower, habit and melon-forming position of the plant, and removing bad plants, variant plants and suspicious plants;
s602, seed production:
s60201, preparation:
removing all opened male flowers and male flower buds on the female parent plant 1 day before pollination, and removing all opened female flowers and female flowers which are opening so that the female parent plant does not have opened male flowers; the picked flowers and buds are treated and buried in a centralized way;
in the afternoon of the first 1 day before pollination, female parents are tightly clamped by plastic clamps, in the evening of the first 1 day before pollination, male parents are picked off, in the morning of the second day, the crowns which are about to open are yellow, wet towels are covered in a plastic box and placed in a shade;
s60202, pollination:
at 7 am, smearing the pollen of the male parent picked in S60201 on the stigma of the female parent, pollinating 1 female flower pollen for every 2 male flowers, clamping the female flowers with a clamp after pollination, tying a wool rope on a melon handle for marking, removing the wool rope after the pollination and fertilization of the female flowers are finished after 2 days, pollinating 4 female flowers on each female parent, selecting and reserving 3 pollinated fruits, and completely removing the non-pollinated female flowers and fruits;
s7, pest control:
the pest control is mainly agricultural control and physical control, and the chemical control is auxiliary;
s701, agricultural control:
continuous cropping and stubble changing with cucurbit and solanaceous fruit crops are avoided, weeds and residual branches and fallen leaves around a greenhouse and in the field are removed in time, healthy plants are firstly treated and then diseased plants are treated when vine binding, pruning, twitch and fruit picking field operations are carried out, the diseased plants are removed in time, and hands and tools are cleaned and disinfected in time;
s702, physical prevention and treatment:
an insect-proof net is arranged at a ventilation opening of the greenhouse for isolation, pest and disease damage prevention and control are carried out by physical means of light, electricity, sound and heat according to the specificity of pests, and the yellow sticky boards and the black light lamps are used for trapping pests;
s703, chemical prevention and treatment:
chemical agent prevention and treatment are carried out before or at the early stage of the disease onset;
s8, seed melon harvesting:
harvesting when the seed melon peel is yellow, yellow white or brown, and harvesting the spring stubbles of the fruit cucumbers for seed reservation in the last 7 th (15 days in 7 months); after harvesting, after ripening for 7 days in the shade, washing seeds, cutting the seeds, putting melon pulp into a barrel, fermenting for 3 days at the temperature of 15 ℃, washing, airing until the water content of the seeds is less than or equal to 10%, screening, removing impurities and unsaturated seeds, and storing the screened seeds in a low-temperature drying place with the temperature of-20 ℃ and the humidity of less than or equal to 50%.
By adopting the fruit cucumber hybrid seed production method, 15.36kg of fruit cucumber seeds are harvested per mu, and the cost per mu is about 4253 yuan.
Example 2
In this example, the area of test area was 1.5 mu in Guizhou area Wang Jiangjing of Jiaxing city, zhejiang province in 2019.
The method for producing the hybrid seeds of the fruit cucumbers comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging crops for rotation:
selecting spring stubbles of fruit cucumbers for seedling culture;
s2, seedling culture:
s201, preparing a seedling shed:
arranging a plug tray in a seedling raising shed at the temperature of 25 ℃, wherein the seedling raising matrix in the plug tray is formed by stacking the following raw materials in parts by weight for more than 2 months: 1000 parts of matrix, 50 parts of decomposed animal manure and 2 parts of calcium superphosphate; the seedling substrate is kneaded into a group and falls to the ground to be scattered;
s202, seed treatment:
sunning fruit cucumber seeds for 3d, then soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 1% for 20min, washing the seeds with clear water, stirring and soaking the seeds in water with the temperature of 60 ℃ for 30min, stopping stirring when the temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, continuously soaking the seeds for 4h, taking the seeds out, washing the seeds with clear water, accelerating germination at the temperature of 28 ℃, and obtaining seeds to be sowed when 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white;
s203, sowing:
the spring stubble of the fruit cucumber is sowed at the beginning of 3 months (5 days in 3 months), the male parent of the seed to be sowed obtained in S202 is sowed 10 days earlier than the female parent, and the sowing ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1:5, sowing the seeds in the hole trays in the seedling shed in the S201 for hole tray seedling cultivation, wherein 1 seed is to be sowed in each hole, covering soil for 1cm, watering, covering a mulching film on the hole trays for heat preservation and moisture preservation for spring stubbles, removing the mulching film after the seeds are broken, and not covering the mulching film on autumn stubbles;
s204, seedling management:
the temperature of the seedling raising shed before emergence of seedlings in the daytime is set to be 30 ℃, the temperature at night is set to be 20 ℃, the temperature of the seedling raising shed after emergence of seedlings in the daytime is set to be 25 ℃, the temperature at night is set to be 15 ℃, the temperature of the seedling raising shed is reduced and the seedlings are hardened in the 7 days before planting, the temperature of the seedling raising shed in the daytime is set to be 20 ℃ and the temperature at night is set to be 15 ℃ during hardening; watering according to the soil moisture content, spraying 15% hymexazol water solution on the seedbed for 2 times in the seedling stage to prevent and control cucumber damping-off and damping-off, wherein the spraying interval is 10 days;
s3, soil preparation:
deeply turning over soil in the seedling shed 1 month before field planting, applying compound fertilizer a, ridging, and covering a mulching film after sole water is poured in the planting holes 2 days before field planting; the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer in the compound fertilizer a is 30000kg/hm 2 The amount of urea applied was 225kg/hm 2 The dosage of the calcium superphosphate is 350kg/hm 2 The amount of potassium sulfate applied is 225kg/hm 2 (ii) a The ridge width is 60cm, the furrow width is 60cm, and the furrow depth is 25cm;
s4, planting:
when the fruit cucumber seedlings grow to the two-leaf one-heart stage, field planting is carried out in a seedling raising shed, spring stubbles are field-planted in the morning (12 days in 3 months) on a fine day in the middle ten days of 3 months, no other varieties exist in the field planting process within 500 meters, every ridge has two rows, the plant spacing is 40cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the seedling retention rate is 2400 plants/mu, the male parent and the female parent are divided into two areas for planting, and sufficient root fixing water is poured at one time after the field planting;
s5, field management:
s501, temperature and light management:
after planting, the illumination time in the greenhouse is 12h, the daytime temperature is set to be 30 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is set to be 20 ℃; ventilating for 2h at noon in fine days after seedling buffering; in the full-bloom stage, the temperature is set to be 35 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night; after the fruit setting period, the daytime temperature is set to be 30 ℃, ventilation and light transmission are carried out on sunny days, and the humidity in the shed is reduced;
s502, fertilizer and water management:
after seedling slowing, irrigating seedling slowing water in the morning of fine day, keeping the water content of the soil at 20%, and planting for 15 days, wherein the application amount along with the water is 100kg/hm 2 The compound fertilizer b is sprayed with foliar fertilizer at the middle and later growth stages for 3 times, and the spraying amount is 1.5kg/hm 2 Spraying a foliar fertilizer 2 days before cross pollination in the 1 st time, spraying a foliar fertilizer 3 days after pollination in the 2 nd time, and spraying a foliar fertilizer 3 days after pollination in the 3 rd time; the mass fractions of N, P and K in the compound fertilizer b are both 17%; the foliar fertilizer is a mixture of monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate with the mass ratio of 1:1;
s503, plant adjustment:
when the 4 th true leaf appears in the female parent plant, the frame is built or the vine is hung, the lateral branch on the main vine of the female parent plant is removed, the female flowers above the 6 th node are pollinated, if a plurality of female flowers appear on the same node, 1 female flower is selected and reserved, and other female flowers are removed; when the main vines of the female parent plants grow to the 20 th section, main vine pinching is carried out, and 4 seed melons are reserved on each female parent plant;
spraying gibberellin water solution with the concentration of 300mg/L once on the male parent plant from two leaves to four leaves and one heart;
s6, hybrid seed production:
s601, checking purity:
before pollination, the purity of the male parent and the female parent is checked, and impurity removal work is repeatedly carried out in the whole growing season to ensure the purity of the parents; the method for checking the purity of the male parent and the female parent comprises the following steps: checking the stem, leaf, female flower, male flower, habit and melon-forming position of the plant, and removing bad plants, variant plants and suspicious plants;
s602, seed production:
s60201, preparation:
removing all opened male flowers and male flower buds on the female parent plant 1 day before pollination, and removing all opened female flowers and female flowers which are opening so that the female parent plant does not have opened male flowers; the picked flowers and buds are treated and buried in a centralized way;
in the afternoon of the first 1 day before pollination, female buds with yellow corolla which are about to open in the next morning of the female parent are tightly clamped by a plastic clamp, the male parent is picked off in the evening of the first 1 day before pollination, the corolla which is about to open in the next morning of the male parent is yellow, and a wet towel is covered in a plastic box and is placed in a shade;
s60202, pollination:
at 11 am, smearing the pollen of the male parent picked in S60201 on the stigma of the female parent, pollinating 1 female flower pollen for every 3 male flowers, clamping the female flowers with a clamp after pollination, tying a wool rope on a melon handle for marking, removing the wool rope after the pollination and fertilization of the female flowers are finished after 3 days, pollinating 5 female flowers on each female parent, selecting and reserving 3 pollinated fruits, and completely removing the non-pollinated female flowers and fruits;
s7, pest control:
the pest control is mainly agricultural control and physical control, and the chemical control is auxiliary;
s701, agricultural control:
continuous cropping and stubble changing with cucurbit and solanaceous fruit crops are avoided, weeds and residual branches and fallen leaves around the greenhouse and in the field are cleared away in time, healthy plants are firstly treated and then diseased plants are treated when vine binding, pruning, fork pruning and fruit picking field operations are carried out, the diseased plants are pulled out in time, and hands and tools are cleaned and disinfected in time;
s702, physical prevention and treatment:
an insect-proof net is arranged at a ventilation opening of the greenhouse for isolation, pest and disease damage prevention and control are carried out by physical means of light, electricity, sound and heat aiming at the specificity of pests, and pests are trapped by using a yellow sticky plate and a black light lamp;
s703, chemical prevention and treatment:
chemical agent prevention and treatment are carried out before or at the early stage of the disease onset;
s8, seed melon harvesting:
harvesting when the seed melon peel is yellow, yellow white or brown, and harvesting the spring stubbles of the fruit cucumbers for seed reservation in the last 7 th ten days (10 days in 7 months); after the seed melons are harvested, after the seeds are ripened for 5 days in the shade, the seeds are washed, the seed melons are cut during seed washing, melon pulp is placed into a barrel and fermented for 3 days at the temperature of 20 ℃, the seeds are washed and aired until the water content of the seeds is less than or equal to 10 percent, impurities and the seeds which are not full are removed through screening, and the screened seeds are stored in a low-temperature drying place at the temperature of-20 ℃ and the humidity of less than or equal to 50 percent.
The seed production method for fruit cucumber hybrid seed production is adopted, and the seed production amount per mu is 15.03kg. The cost per mu is about 4538 yuan.
Example 3
In this example, a test area of 2 mu was obtained in 2020 in Xiuzhang Wang Jiangjing modern agricultural park of agriculture park of Jiaxing city, gutang village, zhejiang.
The method for producing seeds by hybridizing the fruit cucumbers comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging crops for rotation:
selecting autumn stubbles of fruit cucumbers for seedling culture;
s2, seedling culture:
s201, preparing a seedling shed:
arranging a plug tray in a seedling raising shed at the temperature of 20 ℃, wherein the seedling raising matrix in the plug tray is formed by stacking the following raw materials in parts by weight for more than 2 months: 1000 parts of matrix, 50 parts of decomposed animal manure and 2 parts of calcium superphosphate; the seedling substrate is kneaded into a group and falls to the ground to be scattered;
s202, seed treatment:
sunning fruit cucumber seeds for 2d, then soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 1% for 20min, washing the seeds with clear water, stirring and soaking the seeds in water with the temperature of 55 ℃ for 30min, stopping stirring when the temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, continuously soaking the seeds for 4h, taking the seeds out, washing the seeds with clear water, accelerating germination at the temperature of 28 ℃, and obtaining seeds to be sowed when 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white;
s203, sowing:
sowing the autumn stubbles of the fruit cucumbers in the last ten days of 8 months (15 days of 8 months), sowing the male parents of the seeds to be sowed obtained in the step S202 7 days earlier than the female parents, wherein the sowing ratio of the male parents to the female parents is 1:3, sowing the seeds in the hole trays in the seedling shed in the S201 for hole tray seedling cultivation, 1 seed to be sowed in each hole, covering soil for 1cm, watering, covering a mulching film on the hole trays for heat preservation and moisture preservation for spring stubbles, removing the mulching film after the seeds are broken, and not covering the mulching film on autumn stubbles;
s204, seedling management:
the temperature of the seedling raising shed before emergence of seedlings in the daytime is set to be 30 ℃, the temperature at night is set to be 20 ℃, the temperature of the seedling raising shed after emergence of seedlings in the daytime is set to be 25 ℃, the temperature at night is set to be 15 ℃, the temperature of the seedling raising shed is reduced and the seedlings are hardened in the 7 days before planting, the temperature of the seedling raising shed in the daytime is set to be 20 ℃ and the temperature at night is set to be 15 ℃ during hardening; watering according to the soil moisture content, and spraying 15% hymexazol water solution on the seedbed for 3 times in the seedling stage to prevent and control damping-off and damping-off of cucumber, wherein the spraying interval is 6 days;
s3, soil preparation:
deeply turning over soil in the seedling shed 1 month before field planting, applying compound fertilizer a, ridging, and covering a mulching film after sole water is poured in the planting holes 2 days before field planting; the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer in the compound fertilizer a is 20000kg/hm 2 The amount of urea applied was 225kg/hm 2 The dosage of the calcium superphosphate is 350kg/hm 2 The amount of potassium sulfate applied is 225kg/hm 2 (ii) a The ridge width is 60cm, the furrow width is 60cm, and the furrow depth is 20cm;
s4, planting:
when the fruit cucumber seedlings grow to the two-leaf one-heart period, field planting is carried out in a seedling shed, autumn stubbles are field-planted in the afternoon on a clear day (8 months and 15 days) in the middle ten days of 8 months, no other varieties exist within 500 meters during field planting, each ridge has two lines, the plant spacing is 40cm, the line spacing is 50cm, the seedling retention rate is 2000 plants/mu, the male parent and the female parent are divided into two areas for planting, and sufficient root fixing water is poured in one time after field planting;
s5, field management:
s501, temperature and light management:
after planting, the illumination time in the greenhouse is 8h, the daytime temperature is set to be 35 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is set to be 15 ℃; ventilating for 2.5h at noon in fine days after seedling delay; in the full-bloom stage, the temperature is set to be 30 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night; after the fruit setting period, the temperature is set to be 28 ℃ in the daytime, and the greenhouse is ventilated and light-transmitting in sunny days, so that the humidity in the greenhouse is reduced;
s502, fertilizer and water management:
after seedling slowing, irrigating seedling slowing water in the morning of fine day, keeping the water content of the soil at 20%, and planting for 15 days, wherein the application amount along with the water is 100kg/hm 2 The compound fertilizer b is sprayed with foliar fertilizer at the middle and later growth stages for 3 times, and the spraying amount is 1.5kg/hm 2 Spraying a foliar fertilizer 2 days before cross pollination in the 1 st time, spraying a foliar fertilizer 3 days after pollination in the 2 nd time, and spraying a foliar fertilizer 3 days after pollination in the 3 rd time; n, P in compound fertilizer bAnd K is 17% by mass; the foliar fertilizer is a mixture of monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate with the mass ratio of 1:1;
s503, plant adjustment:
when the 4 th true leaf appears in the female parent plant, the frame is built or the vine is hung, the lateral branch on the main vine of the female parent plant is removed, the female flowers above the 6 th node are pollinated, if a plurality of female flowers appear on the same node, 1 female flower is selected and reserved, and other female flowers are removed; when the main vines of the female parent plants grow to the 15 th stage, main vine pinching is carried out, and 3 seed melons are reserved on each female parent plant;
spraying gibberellin water solution with the concentration of 300mg/L once on the male parent plant from two leaves to four leaves and one heart;
s6, hybrid seed production:
s601, checking purity:
before pollination, the purity of the male parent and the female parent is checked, and impurity removal work is repeatedly carried out in the whole growing season to ensure the purity of the parents; the method for checking the purity of the male parent and the female parent comprises the following steps: checking the stem, leaf, female flower, male flower, habit and melon-forming position of the plant, and removing bad plants, variant plants and suspicious plants;
s602, seed production:
s60201, preparation:
removing all opened male flowers and male flower buds on the female parent plant 1 day before pollination, and removing all opened female flowers and female flowers which are opening so that the female parent plant does not have opened male flowers; the picked flowers and buds are treated and buried in a centralized way;
in the afternoon of the first 1 day before pollination, female parents are tightly clamped by plastic clamps, in the evening of the first 1 day before pollination, male parents are picked off, in the morning of the second day, the crowns which are about to open are yellow, wet towels are covered in a plastic box and placed in a shade;
s60202, pollination:
at 7 am, smearing the pollen of the male parent picked in S60201 on the stigma of the female parent, pollinating 1 female flower pollen for every 2 male flowers, clamping the female flowers with a clamp after pollination, tying a wool rope on a melon handle for marking, removing the wool rope after the pollination and fertilization of the female flowers are finished after 2 days, pollinating 4 female flowers on each female parent, selecting and reserving 3 pollinated fruits, and completely removing the non-pollinated female flowers and fruits;
s7, pest control:
the pest control is mainly agricultural control and physical control, and the chemical control is auxiliary;
s701, agricultural control:
continuous cropping and stubble changing with cucurbit and solanaceous fruit crops are avoided, weeds and residual branches and fallen leaves around a greenhouse and in the field are removed in time, healthy plants are firstly treated and then diseased plants are treated when vine binding, pruning, twitch and fruit picking field operations are carried out, the diseased plants are removed in time, and hands and tools are cleaned and disinfected in time;
s702, physical prevention and treatment:
an insect-proof net is arranged at a ventilation opening of the greenhouse for isolation, pest and disease damage prevention and control are carried out by physical means of light, electricity, sound and heat aiming at the specificity of pests, and pests are trapped by using a yellow sticky plate and a black light lamp;
s703, chemical prevention and treatment:
chemical agent prevention and treatment are carried out before or at the early stage of the disease onset;
s8, seed melon harvesting:
harvesting when the peel of the seed cucumber appears yellow, yellow white or brown, and harvesting and reserving the seeds in the last 12 th (10 days in 12 months) of autumn stubbles of fruit cucumbers; after the seed melons are harvested, after the seeds are ripened for 5 days in the shade, the seeds are washed, the seed melons are cut during seed washing, melon pulp is placed into a barrel and fermented for 3 days at the temperature of 15 ℃, the seeds are washed and aired until the water content of the seeds is less than or equal to 10 percent, impurities and the seeds which are not full are removed through screening, and the screened seeds are stored in a low-temperature drying place with the temperature of-20 ℃ and the humidity of less than or equal to 50 percent.
By adopting the fruit cucumber hybrid seed production method of the embodiment, the seed production amount per mu is 15.53kg, and the cost per mu is about 4621 yuan.
Example 4
In this example, area of test area was 1.5 mu in Zhou district Wang Jiangjing of Jiaxing city, zhejiang province in 2020.
The method for producing the hybrid seeds of the fruit cucumbers comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging crops for rotation:
selecting autumn stubbles of fruit cucumbers for seedling;
s2, seedling culture:
s201, seedling shed preparation:
arranging a plug tray in a seedling raising shed at the temperature of 15 ℃, wherein the seedling raising matrix in the plug tray is formed by stacking the following raw materials in parts by weight for more than 2 months: 1000 parts of matrix, 50 parts of decomposed animal manure and 2 parts of calcium superphosphate; the seedling substrate is kneaded into a group and falls to the ground to be scattered;
s202, seed treatment:
sunning fruit cucumber seeds for 3d, then soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 1% for 20min, washing the seeds with clear water, stirring and soaking the seeds in water with the temperature of 60 ℃ for 30min, stopping stirring when the temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, continuously soaking the seeds for 4h, taking the seeds out, washing the seeds with clear water, accelerating germination at the temperature of 28 ℃, and obtaining seeds to be sowed when 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white;
s203, sowing:
sowing the autumn stubbles of the fruit cucumbers in the last ten days of 8 months (5 days of 8 months), sowing the male parents of the seeds to be sowed obtained in the step S202 10 days earlier than the female parents, and sowing the male parents and the female parents in a ratio of 1:5, sowing the seeds in the hole trays in the seedling shed in the S201 for hole tray seedling cultivation, wherein 1 seed is to be sowed in each hole, covering soil for 1cm, watering, covering a mulching film on the hole trays for heat preservation and moisture preservation for spring stubbles, removing the mulching film after the seeds are broken, and not covering the mulching film on autumn stubbles;
s204, seedling management:
setting the temperature of the seedling raising shed before seedling emergence in the daytime to be 30 ℃, setting the temperature at night to be 20 ℃, setting the temperature of the seedling raising shed after seedling emergence in the daytime to be 25 ℃, setting the temperature at night to be 15 ℃, cooling and hardening seedlings 7 days before planting, setting the temperature of the seedling raising shed in the daytime to be 20 ℃ and setting the temperature at night to be 15 ℃ during hardening seedlings; watering according to the soil moisture content, spraying 15% hymexazol water solution on the seedbed for 2 times in the seedling stage to prevent and control cucumber damping-off and damping-off, wherein the spraying interval is 10 days;
s3, soil preparation:
1 before field plantingDeeply turning over soil in the seedling shed in the month, applying compound fertilizer a, ridging, 1 day before planting, and covering a mulching film after planting holes are watered with enough bottom water; the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer in the compound fertilizer a is 30000kg/hm 2 The amount of urea applied was 225kg/hm 2 The dosage of the calcium superphosphate is 350kg/hm 2 The amount of potassium sulfate applied is 225kg/hm 2 (ii) a The ridge width is 60cm, the furrow width is 60cm, and the furrow depth is 25cm;
s4, planting:
when fruit cucumber seedlings grow to the two-leaf one-heart stage, field planting is carried out in a seedling raising shed, autumn stubbles are field planted in the afternoon of fine days (8 months and 20 days) in the middle ten days of 8 months, no other varieties exist in the field planting process within 500 meters, every ridge has two rows, the plant spacing is 40cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the seedling retention rate is 2400 plants/mu, male parents and female parents are divided into two areas for planting, and sufficient root fixing water is poured at one time after the field planting;
s5, field management:
s501, temperature and light management:
after planting, the illumination time in the greenhouse is 12h, the daytime temperature is set to be 30 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is set to be 20 ℃; ventilating for 2h at noon in fine days after seedling buffering; in the full-bloom stage, the temperature is set to be 35 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night; after the fruit setting period, the temperature is set to be 30 ℃ in the daytime, and the greenhouse is ventilated and light-transmitting in sunny days, so that the humidity in the greenhouse is reduced.
S502, fertilizer and water management:
after seedling postponing, irrigating seedling postponing water in the morning of fine day to maintain the soil water content at 18% -20%, and planting for 15 days with the water application amount of 100kg/hm 2 The compound fertilizer b is sprayed with foliar fertilizer at the middle and later growth stages for 3 times, and the spraying amount is 1.39kg/hm 2 Spraying a foliar fertilizer 2 days before cross pollination in the 1 st time, spraying a foliar fertilizer 3 days after pollination in the 2 nd time, and spraying a foliar fertilizer 3 days after pollination in the 3 rd time; the mass fractions of N, P and K in the compound fertilizer b are both 17%; the foliar fertilizer is a mixture of monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate with the mass ratio of 1:1;
s503, plant adjustment:
when the 4 th true leaf appears in the female parent plant, the frame is built or the vine is hung, the lateral branch on the main vine of the female parent plant is removed, the female flowers above the 6 th node are pollinated, if a plurality of female flowers appear on the same node, 1 female flower is selected and reserved, and other female flowers are removed; when the main vines of the female parent plants grow to the 20 th section, main vine pinching is carried out, and 4 seed melons are reserved on each female parent plant;
spraying gibberellin water solution with the concentration of 300mg/L once on the male parent plant from two leaves to four leaves and one heart;
s6, hybrid seed production:
s601, checking purity:
before pollination, the purity of the male parent and the female parent is checked, and impurity removal work is repeatedly carried out in the whole growing season to ensure the purity of the parents; the method for checking the purity of the male parent and the female parent comprises the following steps: checking the stem, leaf, female flower, male flower, habit and melon-forming position of the plant, and removing bad plants, variant plants and suspicious plants;
s602, seed production:
s60201, preparation:
removing all opened male flowers and male flower buds on the female parent plant 1 day before pollination, and removing all opened female flowers and female flowers which are opening so that the female parent plant does not have opened male flowers; the picked flowers and buds are treated and buried in a centralized way;
in the afternoon of the first 1 day before pollination, female parents are tightly clamped by plastic clamps, in the evening of the first 1 day before pollination, male parents are picked off, in the morning of the second day, the crowns which are about to open are yellow, wet towels are covered in a plastic box and placed in a shade;
s60202, pollination:
at 11 am, smearing the pollen of the male parent picked in S60201 on the stigma of the female parent, pollinating 1 female flower pollen for every 3 male flowers, clamping the female flowers with a clamp after pollination, tying a wool rope on a melon handle for marking, removing the wool rope after the pollination and fertilization of the female flowers are finished after 3 days, pollinating 5 female flowers on each female parent, selecting and reserving 3 pollinated fruits, and completely removing the non-pollinated female flowers and fruits;
s7, pest control:
the pest control is mainly agricultural control and physical control, and the chemical control is auxiliary;
s701, agricultural control:
continuous cropping and stubble changing with cucurbit and solanaceous fruit crops are avoided, weeds and residual branches and fallen leaves around the greenhouse and in the field are cleared away in time, healthy plants are firstly treated and then diseased plants are treated when vine binding, pruning, fork pruning and fruit picking field operations are carried out, the diseased plants are pulled out in time, and hands and tools are cleaned and disinfected in time;
s702, physical prevention and treatment:
an insect-proof net is arranged at a ventilation opening of the greenhouse for isolation, pest and disease damage prevention and control are carried out by physical means of light, electricity, sound and heat aiming at the specificity of pests, and pests are trapped by using a yellow sticky plate and a black light lamp;
s703, chemical prevention and treatment:
chemical agent prevention and treatment before or at the initial stage of disease onset;
s8, seed melon harvesting:
harvesting when the peel of the seed cucumber appears yellow, yellow white or brown, and harvesting and reserving the seeds in the last 12 th (10 days in 12 months) of autumn stubbles of fruit cucumbers; after the seed melons are harvested, after the seeds are ripened for 5 days in the shade, the seeds are washed, the seed melons are cut during seed washing, melon pulp is placed into a barrel and fermented for 3 days at the temperature of 20 ℃, the seeds are washed and aired until the water content of the seeds is less than or equal to 10 percent, impurities and the seeds which are not full are removed through screening, and the screened seeds are stored in a low-temperature drying place at the temperature of-20 ℃ and the humidity of less than or equal to 50 percent.
By adopting the fruit cucumber hybrid seed production method, the seed production amount per mu is 15.21kg, and the cost per mu is about 4289 yuan.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for producing seeds by hybridizing fruit cucumbers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, arranging crops for rotation:
selecting spring stubbles or autumn stubbles of fruit cucumbers for seedling culture;
s2, seedling culture:
s201, preparing a seedling shed:
arranging a hole disc in a seedling raising shed at the temperature of 15-25 ℃, wherein a seedling raising matrix in the hole disc is formed by stacking the following raw materials in parts by weight for more than 2 months: 1000 parts of matrix, 50 parts of decomposed animal manure and 2 parts of calcium superphosphate; the seedling substrate is kneaded into a group and falls to the ground to be scattered;
s202, seed treatment:
sunning fruit cucumber seeds for 2 d-3 d, then soaking the seeds in 1% by mass potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 20min, washing the seeds with clear water, stirring and soaking the seeds in water at the temperature of 55-60 ℃ for 30min, stopping stirring when the temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, continuing soaking for 4h, taking out the seeds, washing the seeds with clear water, accelerating germination at the temperature of 28 ℃, and obtaining seeds to be sowed when 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white;
s203, sowing:
the spring stubble of the fruit cucumber is sowed at the beginning of 2 months to 3 months, the autumn stubble is sowed in ten days of 8 months, the male parent of the seed to be sowed obtained in S202 is sowed 7 days to 10 days earlier than the female parent, and the sowing ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: (3-5) sowing the seeds in the hole trays in the seedling shed in the S201 for hole tray seedling cultivation, wherein 1 seed is sowed in each hole, the soil is covered for 1cm, watering is carried out, if the spring stubbles are covered with a mulching film on the hole trays for heat preservation and moisture preservation, the mulching film is removed after the seeds are broken, and the autumn stubbles are not covered with the mulching film;
s204, seedling management:
the temperature of the seedling raising shed before emergence of seedlings in the daytime is set to be 30 ℃, the temperature at night is set to be 20 ℃, the temperature of the seedling raising shed after emergence of seedlings in the daytime is set to be 25 ℃, the temperature at night is set to be 15 ℃, the temperature of the seedling raising shed is reduced and the seedlings are hardened in the 7 days before planting, the temperature of the seedling raising shed in the daytime is set to be 20 ℃ and the temperature at night is set to be 15 ℃ during hardening; watering according to the soil moisture content, spraying 15% hymexazol water solution on a seedbed for 2-3 times in the seedling stage to prevent and control cucumber damping-off and damping-off, wherein the spraying interval is 6-10 days;
s3, soil preparation:
deeply ploughing the soil in the seedling shed 1 month before field planting, applying compound fertilizer a, ridging and field plantingIn the first 1 to 2 days, the planting holes are covered with mulching films after being watered at the soles; the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer in the compound fertilizer a in S3 is 20000kg/hm 2 ～30000kg/hm 2 The amount of urea applied was 225kg/hm 2 The application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 350kg/hm 2 The amount of potassium sulfate applied is 225kg/hm 2 ；
S4, planting:
when fruit cucumber seedlings grow to the period of two leaves and one heart, field planting is carried out in a seedling raising shed, spring stubbles are field-planted in the morning on a fine day in the middle 3 months, autumn stubbles are field-planted in the afternoon on a fine day in the middle 8 months, no other variety exists within 500 meters during field planting, two lines are arranged on each ridge, the plant spacing is 40cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the seedling retention rate is 2000-2400 plants/mu, male parents and female parents are divided into two areas for planting, and sufficient root fixing water is poured at one time after field planting;
s5, field management:
s501, temperature and light management:
the illumination time in the greenhouse after field planting is 8-12 h, the daytime temperature is set to be 30-35 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is set to be 15-20 ℃; ventilating for 2-2.5 h at noon in fine days after seedling delay; during full bloom, the temperature is set to be 30-35 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night; after the fruit setting period, the temperature is set to be 28-30 ℃ in the daytime, and the ventilation and the light transmission are carried out in sunny days;
s502, fertilizer and water management:
after seedling slowing, irrigating seedling slowing water in the morning of fine day to keep the water content of the soil at 18-20%, planting for 15 days, and applying the water with the amount of 100kg/hm 2 The compound fertilizer b is sprayed with foliar fertilizer at the middle and later growth stages for 3 times, and the spraying amount is 1.3kg/hm 2 ～1.5kg/hm 2 Spraying a foliar fertilizer 2 days before cross pollination in the 1 st time, spraying a foliar fertilizer 3 days after pollination in the 2 nd time, and spraying a foliar fertilizer 3 days after pollination in the 3 rd time; the mass fractions of N, P and K in the compound fertilizer b in S502 are both 17%;
s503, plant adjustment:
when the 4 th true leaf appears in the female parent plant, the frame is built or the vine is hung, the lateral branch on the main vine of the female parent plant is removed, the female flowers above the 6 th node are pollinated, if a plurality of female flowers appear on the same node, 1 female flower is selected and reserved, and other female flowers are removed; when the main vines of the female parent plants grow to the 15 th-20 th section, main vine pinching is carried out, and 3-4 seed melons are reserved on each female parent plant;
spraying gibberellin water solution with the concentration of 300mg/L once when the male parent plants are in two-leaf one-heart to four-leaf one-heart;
s6, hybrid seed production:
s601, checking purity:
before pollination, the purity of the male parent and the female parent is checked, and impurity removal work is repeatedly carried out in the whole growing season to ensure the purity of the parents;
s602, seed production:
s60201, preparation:
removing all the opened male flowers and male buds on the female parent plant 1 day before pollination, and removing all the opened female flowers and the female flowers which are in the process of opening, so that the female parent field can not see the opened male flowers; the picked flowers and buds are treated and buried in a centralized way;
in the afternoon of the first 1 day before pollination, female parents are tightly clamped by plastic clamps, in the evening of the first 1 day before pollination, male parents are picked off, in the morning of the second day, the crowns which are about to open are yellow, wet towels are covered in a plastic box and placed in a shade;
s60202, pollination:
at 7-11 am, smearing pollen of a male parent picked in S60201 on stigmas of female flowers of a female parent, pollinating 1 female flower pollen for every 2-3 male flowers, clamping the female flowers by using a clamp after pollination, tying a wool rope on a melon handle for marking, removing the wool rope after the pollination and fertilization of the female flowers are finished after 2-3 days, pollinating 4-5 female flowers on each female parent, selecting and reserving 3 pollinated fruits, and completely removing the un-pollinated female flowers and fruits;
s7, pest control:
the pest control is mainly agricultural control and physical control, and the chemical control is auxiliary;
s701, agricultural control:
continuous cropping and stubble changing with cucurbit and solanaceous fruit crops are avoided, weeds and residual branches and fallen leaves around the greenhouse and in the field are cleared away in time, healthy plants are firstly treated and then diseased plants are treated when vine binding, pruning, fork pruning and fruit picking field operations are carried out, the diseased plants are pulled out in time, and hands and tools are cleaned and disinfected in time;
s702, physical prevention and treatment:
an insect-proof net is arranged at a ventilation opening of the greenhouse for isolation, pest and disease damage prevention and control are carried out by physical means of light, electricity, sound and heat aiming at the specificity of pests, and pests are trapped by using a yellow sticky plate and a black light lamp;
s703, chemical prevention and treatment:
chemical agent prevention and treatment are carried out before or at the early stage of the disease onset;
s8, seed melon harvesting:
harvesting when the seed melon peels are yellow, yellow-white or brown, and harvesting the seeds of the fruit cucumbers in the spring stubbles of 7 months; harvesting and reserving seeds of autumn stubbles of fruit cucumbers in the last 12 th month; after the seed melons are harvested, after the seeds are ripened for 5 to 7 days in the shade, the seeds are washed, the seed melons are cut during the seed washing, melon pulp is placed into a barrel and fermented for 3 days at the temperature of 15 to 20 ℃, the seeds are washed and aired until the water content of the seeds is less than or equal to 10 percent, the seeds are screened, impurities and the seeds which are not full are removed, and the screened seeds are stored in a low-temperature drying place.
2. The method for hybrid seed production of fruit cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the ridge width is 60cm, the furrow width is 60cm, and the furrow depth is 20 cm-25 cm.
3. The method for hybrid seed production of fruit cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer in S502 is a mixture of monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:1.
4. The method for hybrid seed production of fruit cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the method for checking the purity of the male parent and the female parent in S601 is as follows: the stem, leaf, female flower, male flower, habit and melon-forming part of the plant are checked, and bad plants, variant plants and suspicious plants are removed.
5. The method for hybrid seed production of fruit cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the conditions of the S8 low-temperature drying place are as follows: the temperature is-20 ℃ and the humidity is less than or equal to 50 percent.
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