CN116117143A - Method for preparing miniature sliding block body by adopting powder metallurgy method - Google Patents
Method for preparing miniature sliding block body by adopting powder metallurgy method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a metal material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of powder metallurgy, in particular to a method for preparing a micro sliding block body by adopting a powder metallurgy method. The invention provides a method for preparing a miniature sliding block body by using iron base with good sintering characteristics, which meets the requirements of powder metallurgy technology, wherein iron powder is adopted as a main raw material, other alloy and non-alloy elements are introduced in a mode of simple substance powder or simple intermediate alloy powder, and a porous modified material is added. After the raw material powder is uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion, the density of the powder metallurgy micro-slide block body blank obtained through the processes of press forming, sintering and heat treatment is higher than 95%, the hardness after heat treatment reaches over 56 Rockwell, the performance of the traditional compact material is achieved, the self-lubricating property is further endowed, and the service life of the slide block is greatly prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of powder metallurgy, in particular to a method for preparing a micro sliding block body by adopting a powder metallurgy method.
Background
The guide rail is divided into a linear guide rail and a circular guide rail, and the linear guide rail and the circular guide rail are matched with each other to form a motion friction pair. The guide rail is generally relatively long and fixed in position. The sliding blocks move relatively along the surface of the guide rail to form sliding friction. Because of the limitation of special extreme industrial and mining conditions, the guide rail is only smeared with lubricating grease on the surface of the initial installation stage, and during the use period, no lubricating grease is added between the sliding blocks, so that boundary lubrication conditions with insufficient lubrication are formed between the guide rail and the sliding blocks, and the sliding friction between the sliding blocks is boundary lubrication or dry friction. The guide rail is long and fixed in relative length, so that the guide rail is not easy to replace; the sliding block is relatively small in size and relatively easy to replace. Therefore, under the condition that the material of the guide rail is unchanged, a new self-lubricating antifriction and wear-resistant material needs to be developed. Therefore, the total requirements on the friction pair consisting of the guide rail and the sliding block are as follows: after the sliding block runs at a high speed relative to the guide rail, the guide rail is required to have a smooth surface, no napping, no scratch and no obvious abrasion; the sliding block has smooth surface, no roughening, no scratch and small abrasion loss, so that the service life of the sliding block is prolonged, the replacement times of the sliding block are reduced, and the expense is saved.
Much work has been done in our country in the development of self-lubricating materials. The metal-based self-lubricating material, the polymer composite material and the like which are developed by adopting a powder metallurgy method are mainly adopted. The self-lubricating element MoS is added by iron base, nickel base and copper base at home and abroad 2 、BaF 2 、CaF 2 The self-lubricating material manufactured by a powder metallurgy method has low mechanical properties such as bonding strength, tensile strength and the like, has large self-lubricating material abrasion loss under extreme industrial and mining conditions, and cannot meet the selection of friction pair pairing under high-speed conditions. The self-lubricating ceramic powder such as SiC, siN and the like is added on the iron base, the nickel base and the copper base, and has good self-wear resistance, but has large wear amount on the grinding part.
The porous metal material is also called as powder metallurgy porous metal material, and mainly comprises: the sintered antifriction material comprises a porous self-lubricating material and a metal plastic antifriction material. It is worth mentioning that: the pores in porous metal materials are not a disadvantage of impairing the properties such as strength of the material, but are a useful structure for achieving its specific function. Hutchinson studied the problem of buckling under pressure of a metal foam sandwich wall cylindrical shell, and the research result shows that the structural efficiency of the metal foam sandwich wall cylindrical shell is equivalent to that of a reinforced cylindrical shell.
Porous metal materials are used as self-lubricating structural materials in two types, one of which is to use a solid lubricant with low shear strength as a structural component to be added into the porous metal material. The solid lubricant can improve the antifriction performance of the matrix material, and simultaneously affect the physical and chemical properties and mechanical properties of the material, in particular the mechanical properties of the surface layer of the material. Depending on the nature of the lubricants, they may be added to the original mix in powder form or added to the pores of the material after sintering, and depending on the method of addition, the lubricants may interact with the material matrix during the material preparation process, during sintering, and may be partly or completely converted into a new state. Another use of porous metal materials as self-lubricating materials is to impregnate the porous metal material as a matrix with a suitable lubricant (typically lubricating oil) prior to operation, such that the lubricant fills the pores of the porous structure for storage. In operation, these lubricating oils stored in the pores bleed out of the pores to lubricate the working surfaces by various mechanisms (e.g., normal load, temperature rise, dynamic pressure effects, etc.). When the operation is stopped, part of the lubricating oil is sucked back into the pores again to be stored again. In general, the loss of lubricating oil is small, so that frequent oil replenishment is not needed in the working process.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a novel self-lubricating material with high hardness and wear resistance to meet the production requirements of the slider.
Disclosure of Invention
A method for preparing a miniature sliding block body by adopting a powder metallurgy method comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw material preparation: mixing iron powder with other alloy and non-alloy element powder, and mixing the mixture for 10-20min at 80-120r/min on a mixer to obtain film pressing powder;
(2) Film pressing and forming: then placing the pressed film powder obtained in the step (1) into a specific die, and pressing at 100-120MPa to obtain a green body;
(3) Sintering: the sintering process is to raise the temperature of the green embryo to 800-850 ℃ at the speed of 1-10 ℃/min, and keep the temperature for 30-60min; raising the temperature to 950-1000 ℃ at a speed of 1-10 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 30-60min; heating to 1250-1300 ℃ at a speed of 1-10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20-180min; cooling to 180-220deg.C at a rate of 1-5deg.C/min; the whole sintering process is carried out in a high-purity nitrogen atmosphere, and the slide block body blank is obtained.
The mass percentages of the alloy and non-alloy elements C, si, mn, cr, ni, mo, V, nb are respectively 0.3wt% to 1.9wt%, 0.2wt% to 1.0wt%, 0.2wt% to 0.8wt%, 11wt% to 18wt%, 0.2wt% to 0.5wt%, 0.2wt% to 0.6wt%, 0.1wt% to 0.3wt%, 0.8wt% to 2.0wt%, and the balance being Fe and microelements.
Iron-based powder is adopted as a main raw material, and other alloy and non-alloy elements are introduced in a simple substance powder or simple intermediate alloy and non-alloy powder mode; of these, the iron-based powder preferably has a particle size of 1 to 50. Mu.m, and C, si, mn, cr, ni, mo, V, nb preferably has a particle size of 1 to 20. Mu.m.
The invention provides a method for preparing a miniature sliding block body by using iron base with good sintering characteristics, which meets the requirements of powder metallurgy technology. The micro slide block body blank is obtained through the processes of press forming, sintering and heat treatment after the raw material powder is uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion. The microstructure is regulated and controlled by controlling the grain composition, the pressing pressure, the sintering process parameters and the like so as to improve the mechanical property of the slider body blank. The method has the characteristics of low production cost, excellent mechanical properties and the like. The invention has low cost and easy component adjustment; the alloy element is changed into dispersed nano rare earth; oxide particles, the grain boundary strength is improved. The density of the prepared powder metallurgy miniature sliding block body blank is higher than 95%, and the hardness after heat treatment reaches over 56 Rockwell, so that the performance of the traditional compact material is achieved.
However, the self-lubricating property is poor, and therefore, the present invention further performs a porosification treatment.
Preferably, a method for preparing a micro sliding block body by adopting a powder metallurgy method comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw material preparation: mixing iron powder with other alloy and non-alloy element powder, and mixing the mixture for 10-20min at 80-120r/min on a mixer to obtain powder raw material; and then the powder raw material and the porous modified material are mixed according to the mass ratio of (95-100): (1-5) mixing to obtain film pressing powder;
(2) Film pressing and forming: then placing the pressed film powder obtained in the step (1) into a specific die, and pressing at 100-120MPa to obtain a green body;
(3) Sintering: the sintering process is to raise the temperature of the green embryo to 800-850 ℃ at the speed of 1-10 ℃/min, and keep the temperature for 30-60min; raising the temperature to 950-1000 ℃ at a speed of 1-10 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 30-60min; heating to 1250-1300 ℃ at a speed of 1-10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20-180min; cooling to 180-220deg.C at a rate of 1-5deg.C/min; the whole sintering process is carried out in a high-purity nitrogen atmosphere, and the slide block body blank is obtained.
The mass percentages of the alloy and non-alloy elements C, si, mn, cr, ni, mo, V, nb are respectively 0.3wt% to 1.9wt%, 0.2wt% to 1.0wt%, 0.2wt% to 0.8wt%, 11wt% to 18wt%, 0.2wt% to 0.5wt%, 0.2wt% to 0.6wt%, 0.1wt% to 0.3wt%, 0.8wt% to 2.0wt%, and the balance being Fe and microelements.
Iron-based powder is adopted as a main raw material, and other alloy and non-alloy elements are introduced in a simple substance powder or simple intermediate alloy and non-alloy powder mode; of these, the iron-based powder preferably has a particle size of 1 to 50. Mu.m, and C, si, mn, cr, ni, mo, V, nb preferably has a particle size of 1 to 20. Mu.m.
The preparation method of the porous modified material comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing 2-4 parts by mass of flake graphite powder and 16-20 parts by mass of potassium permanganate, adding into 300-500 parts by mass of mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, and stirring at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ at the rotating speed of 80-200r/min for 12-24 hours to obtain a dispersion; then reducing unreacted potassium permanganate by 28-32wt% of hydrogen peroxide until the dispersion liquid is bright yellow, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing the filter cake with water to be neutral, and then vacuum drying the filter cake at 40-60 ℃ to obtain graphene oxide;
s2, 4-6 parts of graphene oxide prepared in the step S1 and 8-12 parts of Cr (NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 Mixing O, 8-12 parts of terephthalic acid and 400-600 parts of water, adding 4-6 parts of 4mol/L hydrofluoric acid, transferring into a hydrothermal kettle, placing the mixture into a 200-240 ℃ for reaction for 9-11 hours, filtering to obtain a filter cake, and placing the filter cake into a 60-100 ℃ for drying for 12-24 hours to obtain the porous modified material.
The volume ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the phosphoric acid in the mixed solution of the concentrated sulfuric acid and the phosphoric acid in the step S1 is (9-10) to 1.
The porous oil-containing material is an important direction of the research and development of the self-lubricating material, the sliding block is composed of the porous oil-containing material, oil in the porous oil-containing material seeps out under the influence of normal load and working temperature, the whole working surface of the sliding joint surface is full of the porous oil-containing material, and the lubricating property of the sliding joint surface is improved. In the stop state, the oil between the joint surfaces is partially permeated back into the porous oil-containing material due to capillary phenomenon and temperature change, and the oil loss is small. The oil injection passage holes can enable the iron-based porous material to be in long-term contact with lubricating oil and be in a long-term oil-saturated state, so that the joint surface of the sliding guide rail can be free from oil injection for a long time. Therefore, the invention tries to add the porous material into the raw material of the sliding block, but most of the porous materials are melted, collapsed and carbonized at the extremely high melting temperature of the raw material of the sliding block, so that the oil absorption capacity of the porous materials is reduced or even eliminated, and the addition of the porous materials also has influence on the physical properties of the sliding block, so that the compactness of the porous materials is reduced, the hardness and the yield strength are reduced, and the practical application of the sliding block is not facilitated. The invention adds porous modified material into the sliding block raw material, which uses Cr 3+ And synthesizing Cr-MOFs by taking terephthalic acid as a raw material, and further, dispersing and loading graphene oxide by taking the synthesized Cr-MOFs as a substrate to obtain the porous modified material with high adsorptivity. The present invention has found that graphene oxide is added directly to the synthesis step of Cr-MOFs, which can be combined with Cr 3+ Chelating and promoting the growth of Cr-MOFs along the graphene oxide surface, thereby obtaining the graphene-coated Cr-MOFs porous material with a regular nano structure, wherein the porous material is prepared byThe porous structure can be still maintained and a large amount of oil is adsorbed after the treatment for 6 hours at 1300 ℃ in the nitrogen atmosphere without structural collapse. Further, the invention mixes the powder with the raw material powder of the sliding block, and the hardness of the obtained sliding block body blank reaches over 56 Rockwell and the compactness is over 95 percent after film pressing, molding and sintering. The self-lubricating property of the sliding block is further endowed, and the service life of the sliding block is greatly prolonged.
The invention has the beneficial effects that
The invention provides a method for preparing a miniature sliding block body by using iron base with good sintering characteristics, which meets the requirements of powder metallurgy technology, wherein iron powder is adopted as a main raw material, other alloy and non-alloy elements are introduced in a mode of simple substance powder or simple intermediate alloy powder, and a porous modified material is added. After the raw material powder is uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion, the density of the powder metallurgy micro-slide block body blank obtained through the processes of press forming, sintering and heat treatment is higher than 95%, the hardness after heat treatment reaches over 56 Rockwell, the performance of the traditional compact material is achieved, the self-lubricating property is further endowed, and the service life of the slide block is greatly prolonged.
Description of the embodiments
Iron-based powder is adopted as a main raw material, and other alloy and non-alloy elements are introduced in a simple substance powder or simple intermediate alloy and non-alloy powder mode; of these, the iron-based powder preferably has a particle size of 1 to 50. Mu.m, and C, si, mn, cr, ni, mo, V, nb preferably has a particle size of 1 to 20. Mu.m.
Flake graphite powder, product number: a0343980, henna wei-taq chemical engineering limited.
Concentrated sulfuric acid concentration: 10mol/L; concentrated phosphoric acid concentration: 15mol/L.
Example 1
A method for preparing a miniature sliding block body by adopting a powder metallurgy method comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw material preparation: mixing iron powder with other alloy and non-alloy element powder, and mixing the mixture on a mixer at 100r/min for 15min to obtain pressed film powder;
(2) Film pressing and forming: then placing the pressed film powder obtained in the step (1) into a specific die, and pressing at 110MPa to obtain a green body;
(3) Sintering: the sintering process is to raise the temperature of the green embryo to 850 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and keep the temperature for 40min; raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 40min; raising the temperature to 1300 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 60min; cooling the mixture with a furnace after the mixture is cooled to 200 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min; the whole sintering process is carried out in a high-purity nitrogen atmosphere, and the slide block body blank is obtained.
The mass percentages of the alloy and non-alloy elements C, si, mn, cr, ni, mo, V, nb are respectively 0.9wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.6wt%, 14wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.2wt%, 1.2wt%, and the balance being Fe and microelements.
Example two
A method for preparing a miniature sliding block body by adopting a powder metallurgy method comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw material preparation: mixing iron powder, other alloy and non-alloy element powder, and mixing the mixture on a mixer at 100r/min for 15min to obtain a powder raw material; and then the powder raw material and the porous modified material are mixed according to the mass ratio of 95:5, mixing to obtain film pressing powder;
(2) Film pressing and forming: then placing the pressed film powder obtained in the step (1) into a specific die, and pressing at 110MPa to obtain a green body;
(3) Sintering: the sintering process is to raise the temperature of the green embryo to 850 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and keep the temperature for 40min; raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 40min; raising the temperature to 1300 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 60min; cooling the mixture with a furnace after the mixture is cooled to 200 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min; the whole sintering process is carried out in a high-purity nitrogen atmosphere, and the slide block body blank is obtained.
The mass percentages of the alloy and non-alloy elements C, si, mn, cr, ni, mo, V, nb are respectively 0.9wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.6wt%, 14wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.2wt%, 1.2wt%, and the balance being Fe and microelements.
The preparation method of the porous modified material comprises the following steps: 10 parts by mass of Cr (NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O, 10 partsTerephthalic acid and 500 parts of water are mixed, 5 parts of 4mol/L hydrofluoric acid is added, the mixture is transferred into a hydrothermal kettle, the mixture is placed at 220 ℃ for reaction for 10 hours, a filter cake is filtered and taken out, and the mixture is placed at 100 ℃ for drying for 24 hours, so that the porous modified material is obtained.
Example III
A method for preparing a miniature sliding block body by adopting a powder metallurgy method comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw material preparation: mixing iron powder, other alloy and non-alloy element powder, and mixing the mixture on a mixer at 100r/min for 15min to obtain a powder raw material; and then the powder raw material and the porous modified material are mixed according to the mass ratio of 95:5, mixing to obtain film pressing powder;
(2) Film pressing and forming: then placing the pressed film powder obtained in the step (1) into a specific die, and pressing at 110MPa to obtain a green body;
(3) Sintering: the sintering process is to raise the temperature of the green embryo to 850 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and keep the temperature for 40min; raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 40min; raising the temperature to 1300 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 60min; cooling the mixture with a furnace after the mixture is cooled to 200 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min; the whole sintering process is carried out in a high-purity nitrogen atmosphere, and the slide block body blank is obtained.
The mass percentages of the alloy and non-alloy elements C, si, mn, cr, ni, mo, V, nb are respectively 0.9wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.6wt%, 14wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.2wt%, 1.2wt%, and the balance being Fe and microelements.
The preparation method of the porous modified material comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing 3 parts of flaky graphite powder and 18 parts of potassium permanganate according to parts by mass, adding the mixture into 400 parts of mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, and stirring the mixture for 24 hours at a speed of 120r/min at 35 ℃ to obtain a dispersion; then reducing unreacted potassium permanganate by 30wt% of hydrogen peroxide until the dispersion liquid is bright yellow, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing the filter cake with water to be neutral, and then placing the filter cake at 50 ℃ for vacuum drying to obtain graphene oxide;
s2, according to the mass parts, 5 parts of graphene oxide prepared in the step S1 and 10 parts of Cr (NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O, 10 parts of terephthalic acidMixing with 500 parts of water, adding 5 parts of 4mol/L hydrofluoric acid, transferring to a hydrothermal kettle, placing the kettle at 220 ℃ for reaction for 10 hours, filtering to obtain a filter cake, and placing the filter cake at 100 ℃ for drying for 24 hours to obtain the porous modified material.
And (3) the volume ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the phosphoric acid in the mixed solution of the concentrated sulfuric acid and the phosphoric acid in the step (S1) is 9:1.
Example IV
A method for preparing a miniature sliding block body by adopting a powder metallurgy method comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw material preparation: mixing iron powder, other alloy and non-alloy element powder, and mixing the mixture on a mixer at 100r/min for 15min to obtain a powder raw material; and then the powder raw material and the porous modified material are mixed according to the mass ratio of 95:5, mixing to obtain film pressing powder;
(2) Film pressing and forming: then placing the pressed film powder obtained in the step (1) into a specific die, and pressing at 110MPa to obtain a green body;
(3) Sintering: the sintering process is to raise the temperature of the green embryo to 850 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and keep the temperature for 40min; raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 40min; raising the temperature to 1300 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 60min; cooling the mixture with a furnace after the mixture is cooled to 200 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min; the whole sintering process is carried out in a high-purity nitrogen atmosphere, and the slide block body blank is obtained.
The mass percentages of the alloy and non-alloy elements C, si, mn, cr, ni, mo, V, nb are respectively 0.9wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.6wt%, 14wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.2wt%, 1.2wt%, and the balance being Fe and microelements.
The preparation method of the porous modified material comprises the following steps: 3 parts of flaky graphite powder and 18 parts of potassium permanganate are mixed according to parts by mass, then added into 400 parts of mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, and stirred for 24 hours at a speed of 120r/min at 35 ℃ to obtain a dispersion; and then reducing unreacted potassium permanganate by 30wt% of hydrogen peroxide until the dispersion liquid is bright yellow, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing with water to neutrality, and then vacuum drying at 50 ℃ to obtain the porous modified material.
The volume ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the phosphoric acid in the mixed solution of the concentrated sulfuric acid and the phosphoric acid is 9:1.
Example five
A method for preparing a miniature sliding block body by adopting a powder metallurgy method comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw material preparation: mixing iron powder, other alloy and non-alloy element powder, and mixing the mixture on a mixer at 100r/min for 15min to obtain a powder raw material; then the powder raw material and the porous modified material are mixed according to the mass ratio of 92:8, mixing to obtain film pressing powder;
(2) Film pressing and forming: then placing the pressed film powder obtained in the step (1) into a specific die, and pressing at 110MPa to obtain a green body;
(3) Sintering: the sintering process is to raise the temperature of the green embryo to 850 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and keep the temperature for 40min; raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 40min; raising the temperature to 1300 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 60min; cooling the mixture with a furnace after the mixture is cooled to 200 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min; the whole sintering process is carried out in a high-purity nitrogen atmosphere, and the slide block body blank is obtained.
The mass percentages of the alloy and non-alloy elements C, si, mn, cr, ni, mo, V, nb are respectively 0.9wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.6wt%, 14wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.2wt%, 1.2wt%, and the balance being Fe and microelements.
The preparation method of the porous modified material comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing 3 parts of flaky graphite powder and 18 parts of potassium permanganate according to parts by mass, adding the mixture into 400 parts of mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, and stirring the mixture for 24 hours at a speed of 120r/min at 35 ℃ to obtain a dispersion; then reducing unreacted potassium permanganate by 30wt% of hydrogen peroxide until the dispersion liquid is bright yellow, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing the filter cake with water to be neutral, and then placing the filter cake at 50 ℃ for vacuum drying to obtain graphene oxide;
s2, according to the mass parts, 5 parts of graphene oxide prepared in the step S1 and 10 parts of Cr (NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 Mixing O, 10 parts of terephthalic acid and 500 parts of water, adding 5 parts of 4mol/L hydrofluoric acid, transferring into a hydrothermal kettle, placing the mixture at 220 ℃ for reaction for 10 hours, filtering to obtain a filter cake, and placing the filter cake at 100 ℃ for drying for 24 hours to obtain the porous materialAnd (3) modifying the material.
And (3) the volume ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the phosphoric acid in the mixed solution of the concentrated sulfuric acid and the phosphoric acid in the step (S1) is 9:1.
Test sample: the micro slide block prepared in each example of the present invention was placed in an oleic acid lubricant for 12 hours in a vacuum atmosphere at 45 ℃. The tribological performance is tested by adopting a friction testing machine, and the grinding part test disc is processed by adopting a guide rail material. The test pressure is 0.68MPa, the test disc corresponds to the linear velocity of 75m/s, and the test PV value is 51 MPa.m/s. The test time for the frictional wear of the test pieces was 40min. Lubrication conditions: the average wear rate of the test pin specimens was calculated by the ratio of the amount of wear (wear level difference) to the friction time. The wear rate was averaged over 3 test results, which are shown in table 1.
Table 1: abrasion Rate test results
The relative densities of the micro-sliders prepared in each example were measured with reference to GB/T3850-2015 Standard of Density determination method for compact sintered Metal Material and cemented carbide, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: relative density of
The porous oil-containing material is an important direction of the research and development of the self-lubricating material, the sliding block is composed of the porous oil-containing material, oil in the porous oil-containing material seeps out under the influence of normal load and working temperature, the whole working surface of the sliding joint surface is full of the porous oil-containing material, and the lubricating property of the sliding joint surface is improved. In the stop state, the oil between the joint surfaces is partially permeated back into the porous oil-containing material due to capillary phenomenon and temperature change, and the oil loss is small. The oil injection passage holes can enable the iron-based porous material to be in long-term contact with lubricating oil and be in a long-term oil-saturated state, so that the joint surface of the sliding guide rail can be free from oil injection for a long time. Thus, the present invention contemplates the addition of porous materials to the slider stock, however, due to the slider stockThe melting temperature is extremely high, most porous materials can be melted, collapsed and carbonized at the temperature, so that the oil absorption capacity of the porous materials is reduced or even eliminated, and the addition of the porous materials can also influence the physical properties of the sliding block, so that the compactness of the sliding block is reduced, the hardness and the yield strength are reduced, and the practical application of the sliding block is adversely affected. The invention adds porous modified material into the sliding block raw material, which uses Cr 3+ And synthesizing Cr-MOFs by taking terephthalic acid as a raw material, and further, dispersing and loading graphene oxide by taking the synthesized Cr-MOFs as a substrate to obtain the porous modified material with high adsorptivity. The present invention has found that graphene oxide is added directly to the synthesis step of Cr-MOFs, which can be combined with Cr 3+ Chelating and promoting the Cr-MOFs to grow along the graphene oxide surface, so as to obtain the graphene-coated Cr-MOFs porous material with a regular nano structure, wherein the porous material is treated for 6 hours at 1300 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere without structural collapse, and still can keep the porous structure and adsorb a large amount of oil. Further, the invention mixes the powder with the raw material powder of the sliding block, and the hardness of the obtained sliding block body blank reaches over 56 Rockwell and the compactness is over 95 percent after film pressing, molding and sintering. The self-lubricating property of the sliding block is further endowed, and the service life of the sliding block is greatly prolonged.
The invention provides a method for preparing a miniature sliding block body by using iron base with good sintering characteristics, which meets the requirements of powder metallurgy technology, wherein iron powder is adopted as a main raw material, other alloy and non-alloy elements are introduced in a mode of simple substance powder or simple intermediate alloy powder, and a porous modified material is added. After the raw material powder is uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion, the density of the powder metallurgy micro-slide block body blank obtained through the processes of press forming, sintering and heat treatment is higher than 95%, the hardness after heat treatment reaches over 56 Rockwell, the performance of the traditional compact material is achieved, the self-lubricating property is further endowed, and the service life of the slide block is greatly prolonged.
Claims (10)
1. The method for preparing the micro sliding block body by adopting the powder metallurgy method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Raw material preparation: mixing iron powder with other alloy and non-alloy element powder, and mixing the mixture for 10-20min at 80-120r/min on a mixer to obtain powder raw material; and then the powder raw material and the porous modified material are mixed according to the mass ratio of (95-100): (1-5) mixing to obtain film pressing powder;
(2) Film pressing and forming: then placing the pressed film powder obtained in the step (1) into a specific die, and pressing at 100-120MPa to obtain a green body;
(3) Sintering: the sintering process is to raise the temperature of the green embryo to 800-850 ℃ at the speed of 1-10 ℃/min, and keep the temperature for 30-60min; raising the temperature to 950-1000 ℃ at a speed of 1-10 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 30-60min; heating to 1250-1300 ℃ at a speed of 1-10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20-180min; cooling the mixture to 180-220 ℃ at a speed of 1-5 ℃/min, and then cooling the mixture with a furnace to obtain the slider body blank.
2. The method for manufacturing a micro-slider body by powder metallurgy according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentages of the alloy and non-alloy elements C, si, mn, cr, ni, mo, V, nb used are 0.3wt% to 1.9wt%, 0.2wt% to 1.0wt%, 0.2wt% to 0.8wt%, 11wt% to 18wt%, 0.2wt% to 0.5wt%, 0.2wt% to 0.6wt%, 0.1wt% to 0.3wt%, 0.8wt% to 2.0wt%, and the balance being Fe and trace elements, respectively.
3. The method for manufacturing micro-slider bodies by powder metallurgy according to claim 1, wherein the iron-based powder preferably has a particle size of 1-50 μm and C, si, mn, cr, ni, mo, V, nb preferably has a particle size of 1-20 μm.
4. The method for manufacturing a micro-slider body by a powder metallurgy method according to claim 1, wherein the density of the micro-slider body manufactured by the powder metallurgy method is higher than 95%.
5. The method for manufacturing a micro slider body by powder metallurgy according to claim 1, wherein the entire sintering process is performed under a high purity nitrogen atmosphere.
6. The method for manufacturing a micro-slider body by a powder metallurgy method according to claim 1, wherein the sintered and hardened micro-slider body has a hardness of 56 or more Rockwell degrees.
7. The method for preparing the micro-slider body by adopting the powder metallurgy method according to claim 1, wherein the hardening treatment system of the micro-slider body prepared by adopting the powder metallurgy method is as follows: sinter hardening or quenching.
8. The method for preparing a micro-slider body by using a powder metallurgy method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the porous modified material comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing 2-4 parts by mass of flake graphite powder and 16-20 parts by mass of potassium permanganate, adding into 300-500 parts by mass of mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, and stirring at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ at the rotating speed of 80-200r/min for 12-24 hours to obtain a dispersion; then reducing unreacted potassium permanganate by 28-32wt% of hydrogen peroxide until the dispersion liquid is bright yellow, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing the filter cake with water to be neutral, and then vacuum drying the filter cake at 40-60 ℃ to obtain graphene oxide;
s2, 4-6 parts of graphene oxide prepared in the step S1 and 8-12 parts of Cr (NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 Mixing O, 8-12 parts of terephthalic acid and 400-600 parts of water, adding 4-6 parts of 4mol/L hydrofluoric acid, transferring into a hydrothermal kettle, placing the mixture into a 200-240 ℃ for reaction for 9-11 hours, filtering to obtain a filter cake, and placing the filter cake into a 60-100 ℃ for drying for 12-24 hours to obtain the porous modified material.
9. The method for preparing a micro slide block body by adopting a powder metallurgy method according to claim 8, wherein the volume ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the phosphoric acid in the mixed solution of the concentrated sulfuric acid and the phosphoric acid in the step S1 is (9-10) to 1.
10. A micro slide body, characterized in that the micro slide body is manufactured by the method of any one of claims 1-9 by adopting a powder metallurgy method.
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